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2. The role of drug resistance in poor viral suppression in rural South Africa: findings from a population-based study.

Author

Lippman, Sheri A, Mooney, Alyssa C, Puren, Adrian, Hunt, Gillian, Grignon, Jessica S, Prach, Lisa M, Gilmore, Hailey J, Truong, Hong-Ha M, Barnhart, Scott, and Liegler, Teri

Subjects
ART adherence, Antiretroviral therapy, HIV drug resistance, South Africa, Surveillance, viral suppression, Virological failure, Surveillance, viral suppression, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Understanding factors driving virological failure, including the contribution of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRM), is critical to ensuring HIV treatment remains effective. We examine the contribution of drug resistance mutations for low viral suppression in HIV-positive participants in a population-based sero-prevalence survey in rural South Africa. METHODS:We conducted HIV drug resistance genotyping and ART analyte testing on dried blood spots (DBS) from HIV-positive adults participating in a 2014 survey in North West Province. Among those with virologic failure (> 5000 copies/mL), we describe frequency of DRM to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), report association of resistance with antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and assess resistance to first and second line therapy. Analyses are weighted to account for sampling design. RESULTS:Overall 170 DBS samples were assayed for viral load and ART analytes; 78.4% of men and 50.0% of women had evidence of virologic failure and were assessed for drug resistance, with successful sequencing of 76/107 samples. We found ≥1 DRM in 22% of participants; 47% were from samples with detectable analyte (efavirenz, nevirapine or lopinavir). Of those with DRM and detectable analyte, 60% showed high-level resistance and reduced predicted virologic response to ≥1 NRTI/NNRTI typically used in first and second-line regimens. CONCLUSIONS:DRM and predicted reduced susceptibility to first and second-line regimens were common among adults with ART exposure in a rural South African population-based sample. Results underscore the importance of ongoing virologic monitoring, regimen optimization and adherence counseling to optimize durable virologic suppression.

Published
2020

3. Estimating the contribution of key populations towards HIV transmission in South Africa

Author

Stone, Jack, Mukandavire, Christinah, Boily, Marie-Claude, Fraser, Hannah, Mishra, Sharmistha, Schwartz, Sheree, Rao, Amrita, Looker, Katharine J., Quaife, Matthew, Terris-Prestholt, Fern, Marr, Alexander, Lane, Tim, Coetzee, Jenny, Gray, Glenda, Otwombe, Kennedy, Milovanovic, Minja, Hausler, Harry, Young, Katherine, Mcingana, Mfezi, Ncedani, Manezi, Puren, Adrian, Hunt, Gillian, Kose, Zamakayise, Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy, Baral, Stefan, and Vickerman, Peter

Subjects
Sex oriented businesses -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Risk factors -- Statistics, HIV infection -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Health
Abstract

Introduction: In generalized epidemic settings, there is insufficient understanding of how the unmet HIV prevention and treatment needs of key populations (KPs), such as female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), contribute to HIV transmission. In such settings, it is typically assumed that HIV transmission is driven by the general population. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men, and other heterosexual partnerships to HIV transmission in South Africa (SA). Methods: We developed the 'Key-Pop Model'; a dynamic transmission model of HIV among FSWs, their clients, MSM, and the broader population in SA. The model was parameterized and calibrated using demographic, behavioural and epidemiologica data from national household surveys and KP surveys. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men and sex among heterosexual partnerships of different sub-groups to HIV transmission over 2010 to 2019. We also estimated the efficiency (HIV infections averted per person-year of intervention) and prevented fraction (% IA) over 10-years from scaling-up ART (to 81% coverage) in different sub-populations from 2020. Results: Sex between FSWs and their paying clients, and between clients with their non-paying partners contributed 6.9% (95% credibility interval 4.5% to 9.3%) and 41.9% (35.1% to 53.2%) of new HIV infections in SA over 2010 to 2019 respectively. Sex between low-risk groups contributed 59.7% (47.6% to 68.5%), sex between men contributed 5.3% (2.3% to 14.1%) and sex between MSM and their female partners contributed 3.7% (1.6% to 9.8%). Going forward, the largest population-leve impact on HIV transmission can be achieved from scaling up ART to clients of FSWs (% IA = 18.2% (14.0% to 24.4%) or low-risk individuals (% IA = 20.6% (14.7 to 27.5) over 2020 to 2030), with ART scale-up among KPs being most efficient. Conclusions: Clients of FSWs play a fundamental role in HIV transmission in SA. Addressing the HIV prevention and treatment needs of KPs in generalized HIV epidemics is central to a comprehensive HIV response. Keywords: mathematical modelling; population attributable fraction; key populations; female sex workers; clients; men who have sex with men, 1 | INTRODUCTION Despite high HIV prevalence's among key populations (KPs) such as female sex workers (FSW, 39.5% to 71.8% [1-11]) and men who have sex with men (MSM, 13.2% [...]

Published
2021
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4. Global and regional epidemiology of HIV-1 recombinants in 1990–2015: a systematic review and global survey

Author

Abimiku, Alash'le G, Agwale, Simon, Archibald, Chris, Avidor, Boaz, Barbás, María Gabriela, Barre-Sinoussi, Francoise, Barugahare, Banson, Belabbes, El Hadj, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Birx, Deborah, Bobkov, Aleksei F, Brandful, James, Bredell, Helba, Brennan, Catherine A, Brooks, James, Bruckova, Marie, Buonaguro, Luigi, Buonaguro, Franco, Buttò, Stefano, Buvé, Anne, Campbell, Mary, Carr, Jean, Carrera, Alex, Carrillo, Manuel Gómez, Celum, Connie, Chaplin, Beth, Charles, Macarthur, Chatzidimitriou, Dimitrios, Chen, Zhiwei, Chijiwa, Katsumi, Cooper, David, Cunningham, Philip, Dagnra, Anoumou, de Gascun, Cillian F, Del Amo, Julia, Delgado, Elena, Dietrich, Ursula, Dwyer, Dominic, Ellenberger, Dennis, Ensoli, Barbara, Essex, Max, Gao, Feng, Fleury, Hervé, Fonjungo, Peter N, Foulongne, Vincent, Gadkari, Deepak A, García, Federico, Garsia, Roger, Gershy-Damet, Guy Michel, Glynn, Judith R, Goodall, Ruth, Grossman, Zehava, Lindenmeyer-Guimarães, Monick, Hahn, Beatrice, Hamers, Raph L, Hamouda, Osamah, Handema, Ray, He, Xiang, Herbeck, Joshua, Ho, David D, Holguin, Africa, Hosseinipour, Mina, Hunt, Gillian, Ito, Masahiko, Bel Hadj Kacem, Mohamed Ali, Kahle, Erin, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kalish, Marcia, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, Kang, Chun, Kanki, Phyllis, Karamov, Edward, Karasi, Jean-Claude, Kayitenkore, Kayitesi, Kelleher, Tony, Kitayaporn, Dwip, Kostrikis, Leondios G, Kucherer, Claudia, Lara, Claudia, Leitner, Thomas, Liitsola, Kirsi, Lingappa, Jai, Linka, Marek, Lorenzana de Rivera, Ivette, Lukashov, Vladimir, Maayan, Shlomo, Mayr, Luzia, McCutchan, Francine, Meda, Nicolas, Menu, Elisabeth, Mhalu, Fred, Mloka, Doreen, Mokili, John L, Montes, Brigitte, Mor, Orna, Morgado, Mariza, Mosha, Fausta, Moussi, Awatef, Mullins, James, Najera, Rafael, Nasr, Mejda, Ndembi, Nicaise, Neilson, Joel R, Nerurkar, Vivek R, Neuhann, Florian, Nolte, Claudine, Novitsky, Vlad, Nyambi, Philippe, Ofner, Marianna, Paladin, Fem J, Papa, Anna, Pape, Jean, Parkin, Neil, Parry, Chris, Peeters, Martine, Pelletier, Alexandra, Pérez-Álvarez, Lucía, Pillay, Deenan, Pinto, Angie, Quang, Trinh Duy, Rademeyer, Cecilia, Raikanikoda, Filimone, Rayfield, Mark A, Reynes, Jean-Marc, Rinke de Wit, Tobias, Robbins, Kenneth E, Rolland, Morgane, Rousseau, Christine, Salazar-Gonzales, Jesus, Salem, Hanan, Salminen, Mika, Salomon, Horacio, Sandstrom, Paul, Santiago, Mario L, Sarr, Abdoulaye D, Schroeder, Bryan, Segondy, Michel, Selhorst, Philippe, Sempala, Sylvester, Servais, Jean, Shaik, Ansari, Shao, Yiming, Slim, Amine, Soares, Marcelo A, Songok, Elijah, Stewart, Debbie, Stokes, Julie, Subbarao, Shambavi, Sutthent, Ruengpung, Takehisa, Jun, Tanuri, Amilcar, Tee, Kok Keng, Thapa, Kiran, Thomson, Michael, Tran, Tyna, Urassa, Willy, Ushijima, Hiroshi, van de Perre, Philippe, van der Groen, Guido, van Laethem, Kristel, van Oosterhout, Joep, van Sighem, Ard, van Wijngaerden, Eric, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Vercauteren, Jurgen, Vidal, Nicole, Wallace, Lesley, Williamson, Carolyn, Wolday, Dawit, Xu, Jianqing, Yang, Chunfu, Zhang, Linqi, Zhang, Rong, Hemelaar, Joris, Elangovan, Ramyiadarsini, Yun, Jason, Dickson-Tetteh, Leslie, Kirtley, Shona, Gouws-Williams, Eleanor, and Ghys, Peter D

Published
2020
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5. Correction: Geographic and Temporal Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance: An Individual-Patient- and Sequence-Level Meta-Analysis

Author

Rhee, Soo-Yon, Blanco, Jose Luis, Jordan, Michael R, Taylor, Jonathan, Lemey, Philippe, Varghese, Vici, Hamers, Raph L, Bertagnolio, Silvia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Aghokeng, Avelin F, Albert, Jan, Avi, Radko, Avila-Rios, Santiago, Bessong, Pascal O, Brooks, James I, Boucher, Charles AB, Brumme, Zabrina L, Busch, Michael P, Bussmann, Hermann, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Chin, Bum Sik, D'Aquin, Toni T, De Gascun, Cillian F, Derache, Anne, Descamps, Diane, Deshpande, Alaka K, Djoko, Cyrille F, Eshleman, Susan H, Fleury, Herve, Frange, Pierre, Fujisaki, Seiichiro, Harrigan, P Richard, Hattori, Junko, Holguin, Africa, Hunt, Gillian M, Ichimura, Hiroshi, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Katzenstein, David, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Kim, Jerome H, Kim, Sung Soon, Li, Yanpeng, Lutsar, Irja, Morris, Lynn, Ndembi, Nicaise, Kee, Peng NG, Paranjape, Ramesh S, Peeters, Martine, Poljak, Mario, Price, Matt A, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon L, Reyes-Terán, Gustavo, Rolland, Morgane, Sirivichayakul, Sunee, Smith, Davey M, Soares, Marcelo A, Soriano, Vincent V, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, Stanojevic, Maja, Stefani, Mariane A, Sugiura, Wataru, Sungkanuparph, Somnuek, Tanuri, Amilcar, Tee, Kok Keng, Truong, Hong-Ha M, van de Vijver, David AMC, Vidal, Nicole, Yang, Chunfu, Yang, Rongge, Yebra, Gonzalo, Ioannidis, John PA, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Shafer, Robert W

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Good Health and Well Being, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Published
2015

6. Trends in Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Adults in South Africa, 2000–2016: A Pooled Sequence Analysis

Author

Chimukangara, Benjamin, Lessells, Richard J., Rhee, Soo-Yon, Giandhari, Jennifer, Kharsany, Ayesha B.M., Naidoo, Kogieleum, Lewis, Lara, Cawood, Cherie, Khanyile, David, Ayalew, Kassahun A., Diallo, Karidia, Samuel, Reshmi, Hunt, Gillian, Vandormael, Alain, Stray-Pedersen, Babill, Gordon, Michelle, Makadzange, Tariro, Kiepiela, Photini, Ramjee, Gita, Ledwaba, Johanna, Kalimashe, Monalisa, Morris, Lynn, Parikh, Urvi M., Mellors, John W., Shafer, Robert W., Katzenstein, David, Moodley, Pravi, Gupta, Ravindra K., Pillay, Deenan, Abdool Karim, Salim S., and de Oliveira, Tulio

Published
2019
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7. Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, 1990–2015: a systematic review, global survey, and trend analysis

Author

Abimiku, Alash'le G, Agwale, Simon, Archibald, Chris, Avidor, Boaz, Barbás, María Gabriela, Barre-Sinoussi, Francoise, Barugahare, Banson, Belabbes, El Hadj, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Birx, Deborah, Bobkov, Aleksei F, Brandful, James, Bredell, Helba, Brennan, Catherine A, Brooks, James, Bruckova, Marie, Buonaguro, Luigi, Buonaguro, Franco, Buttò, Stefano, Buve, Anne, Campbell, Mary, Carr, Jean, Carrera, Alex, Carrillo, Manuel Gómez, Celum, Connie, Chaplin, Beth, Charles, Macarthur, Chatzidimitriou, Dimitrios, Chen, Zhiwei, Chijiwa, Katsumi, Cooper, David, Cunningham, Philip, Dagnra, Anoumou, de Gascun, Cillian F, Del Amo, Julia, Delgado, Elena, Dietrich, Ursula, Dwyer, Dominic, Ellenberger, Dennis, Ensoli, Barbara, Essex, Max, Gao, Feng, Fleury, Herve, Fonjungo, Peter N, Foulongne, Vincent, Gadkari, Deepak A, García, Federico, Garsia, Roger, Gershy-Damet, Guy Michel, Glynn, Judith R, Goodall, Ruth, Grossman, Zehava, Lindenmeyer-Guimarães, Monick, Hahn, Beatrice, Hamers, Raph L, Hamouda, Osamah, Handema, Ray, He, Xiang, Herbeck, Joshua, Ho, David D, Holguin, Africa, Hosseinipour, Mina, Hunt, Gillian, Ito, Masahiko, Bel Hadj Kacem, Mohamed Ali, Kahle, Erin, Kaleebu, Pontiano Kaleebu, Kalish, Marcia, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, Kang, Chun, Kanki, Phyllis, Karamov, Edward, Karasi, Jean-Claude, Kayitenkore, Kayitesi, Kelleher, Tony, Kitayaporn, Dwip, Kostrikis, Leondios G, Kucherer, Claudia, Lara, Claudia, Leitner, Thomas, Liitsola, Kirsi, Lingappa, Jai, Linka, Marek, Lorenzana de Rivera, Ivette, Lukashov, Vladimir, Maayan, Shlomo, Mayr, Luzia, McCutchan, Francine, Meda, Nicolas, Menu, Elisabeth, Mhalu, Fred, Mloka, Doreen, Mokili, John L, Montes, Brigitte, Mor, Orna, Morgado, Mariza, Mosha, Fausta, Moussi, Awatef, Mullins, James, Najera, Rafael, Nasr, Mejda, Ndembi, Nicaise, Neilson, Joel R, Nerurkar, Vivek R, Neuhann, Florian, Nolte, Claudine, Novitsky, Vlad, Nyambi, Philippe, Ofner, Marianna, Paladin, Fem J, Papa, Anna, Pape, Jean, Parkin, Neil, Parry, Chris, Peeters, Martine, Pelletier, Alexandra, Pérez-Álvarez, Lucía, Pillay, Deenan, Pinto, Angie, Quang, Trinh Duy, Rademeyer, Cecilia, Raikanikoda, Filimone, Rayfield, Mark A, Reynes, Jean-Marc, Rinke de Wit, Tobias, Robbins, Kenneth E, Rolland, Morgane, Rousseau, Christine, Salazar-Gonzales, Jesus, Salem, Hanan, Salminen, Mika, Salomon, Horacio, Sandstrom, Paul, Santiago, Mario L, Sarr, Abdoulaye D, Schroeder, Bryan, Segondy, Michel, Selhorst, Philippe, Sempala, Sylvester, Servais, Jean, Shaik, Ansari, Shao, Yiming, Slim, Amine, Soares, Marcelo A, Songok, Elijah, Stewart, Debbie, Stokes, Julie, Subbarao, Shambavi, Sutthent, Ruengpung, Takehisa, Jun, Tanuri, Amilcar, Tee, Kok Keng, Thapa, Kiran, Thomson, Michael, Tran, Tyna, Urassa, Willy, Ushijima, Hiroshi, van de Perre, Philippe, van der Groen, Guido, van Laethem, Kristel, van Oosterhout, Joep, van Sighem, Ard, van Wijngaerden, Eric, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Vercauteren, Jurgen, Vidal, Nicole, Wallace, Lesley, Williamson, Carolyn, Wolday, Dawit, Xu, Jianqing, Yang, Chunfu, Zhang, Linqi, Zhang, Rong, Hemelaar, Joris, Elangovan, Ramyiadarsini, Yun, Jason, Dickson-Tetteh, Leslie, Fleminger, Isabella, Kirtley, Shona, Williams, Brian, Gouws-Williams, Eleanor, and Ghys, Peter D

Published
2019
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8. Reply to Van de Wijer et al

Author

Murnane, Pamela M., Strehlau, Renate, Shiau, Stephanie, Patel, Faeezah, Mbete, Ndileke, Hunt, Gillian, Abrams, Elaine J., Coovadia, Ashraf, and Kuhn, Louise

Published
2018

9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance in African Infants and Young Children Newly Diagnosed With HIV : A Multicountry Analysis

Author

Jordan, Michael R., Penazzato, Martina, Cournil, Amandine, Vubil, Adolfo, Jani, Ilesh, Hunt, Gillian, Carmona, Sergio, Maphalala, Gugu, Mthethwa, Nobuhle, Watera, Christine, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Musanhu, Christine Chakanyuka, Mtapuri-Zinyowera, Sekesai, Dzangare, Janet, Peeters, Martine, Yang, Chunfu, Parkin, Neil, and Bertagnolio, Silvia

Published
2017

11. HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Author

Gupta, Ravindra K, Gregson, John, Parkin, Neil, Haile-Selassie, Hiwot, Tanuri, Amilcar, Andrade Forero, Liliana, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Watera, Christine, Aghokeng, Avelin, Mutenda, Nicholus, Dzangare, Janet, Hone, San, Hang, Zaw Zaw, Garcia, Judith, Garcia, Zully, Marchorro, Paola, Beteta, Enrique, Giron, Amalia, Hamers, Raph, Inzaule, Seth, Frenkel, Lisa M, Chung, Michael H, de Oliveira, Tulio, Pillay, Deenan, Naidoo, Kogie, Kharsany, Ayesha, Kugathasan, Ruthiran, Cutino, Teresa, Hunt, Gillian, Avila Rios, Santiago, Doherty, Meg, Jordan, Michael R, and Bertagnolio, Silvia

Published
2018
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13. Resistance is common in paediatric patients failing ART in South Africa

Author

Hunt, Gillian M, primary, Yousif, Mukhlid, additional, Levin, Leon, additional, Ledwaba, Johanna, additional, Steegen, Kim, additional, Kufa, Tendesayi, additional, Zwane, Hloniphile, additional, Kalimashe, Monalisa, additional, Kana, Vibha, additional, Aynalem, Getahun, additional, Perlman, Jaclyn, additional, Ayalew, Kassahun, additional, Kindra, Gurpreet, additional, Diallo, Karidia, additional, Carmona, Sergio, additional, Sherman, Gayle, additional, and Raizes, Elliot J, additional

Published
2023
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14. Occult HIV-1 drug resistance to thymidine analogues following failure of first-line tenofovir combined with a cytosine analogue and nevirapine or efavirenz in sub Saharan Africa: a retrospective multi-centre cohort study

Author

Gregson, John, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Marconi, Vincent C, van Vuuren, Cloete, Ndembi, Nicaise, Hamers, Raph L, Kanki, Phyllis, Hoffmann, Christopher J, Lockman, Shahin, Pillay, Deenan, de Oliveira, Tulio, Clumeck, Nathan, Hunt, Gillian, Kerschberger, Bernhard, Shafer, Robert W, Yang, Chunfu, Raizes, Elliot, Kantor, Rami, and Gupta, Ravindra K

Published
2017
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15. High levels of resistance to nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in newly diagnosed antiretroviral treatment-naive children in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Inzaule, Seth C., Jordan, Michael R., Bello, George, Wadonda-Kabondo, Nellie, Mounerou, Salou, Mbulli, Innocent A., Akanmu, Sulaimon A., Vubil, Adolfo, Hunt, Gillian, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Mthethwa-Hleza, Simangele, Dzangare, Janet, Njukeng, Patrick, Penazzato, Martina, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Eshleman, Susan H., and Bertagnolio, Silvia

Published
2020
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21. A New Professionalism? Becoming a Chartered Teacher--Part I

Author

O'Brien, Jim and Hunt, Gillian

Abstract

A national framework of continuing professional development (CPD) for teachers in Scotland has emerged since the McCrone Inquiry. The CPD Framework is intended to help teachers to identify and access relevant, high-quality development opportunities that enable them to realise their full potential. There is now a professional standard for each of the key stages of teacher development. The most recent is the Standard for Chartered Teacher (SCT). Access to the programme is open to all teachers at the top of the main salary grade who have maintained a CPD portfolio. The Chartered Teacher Programme, both academically validated, by universities, and professionally accredited, by the General Teaching Council for Scotland, has been available since August 2003. This article reviews the development of the SCT, locating it within the framework for CPD and focusing particularly on the key underpinning principles and examines how one Chartered Teacher Programme consortium progressed its proposals so that the Programme was available to commence. The reactions of the initial group of participants in the first year of the Programme are reviewed. (Contains 7 tables.)

Published
2005
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23. Pretreatment HIV drug resistance among treatment naïve infants newly diagnosed with HIV in 2016 in Namibia: results of a nationally representative study

Author

Jordan, Michael R, primary, Bikinesi, Leonard, additional, Ashipala, Laimi, additional, Mutenda, Nicholus, additional, Brantuo, Mary, additional, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Shiningavamwe, Andreas, additional, Mutandi, Gram, additional, Beukes, Anita, additional, Beard, Suzanne, additional, Battey, Katherine, additional, Dziuban, Eric J, additional, Raizes, Elliot, additional, Adjei, Paul, additional, Tang, Alice, additional, Giron, Amalia, additional, and Hong, Steven Y, additional

Published
2022
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25. Epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SARS‐CoV‐2 positive hospital admissions among children in South Africa

Author

Kufa, Tendesayi, primary, Jassat, Waasila, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Masha, Maureen, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, von Gottburg, Anne, additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Shonhiwa, Andronica Moipone, additional, Ebonwu, Joy, additional, Ntshoe, Genevie, additional, Maruma, Wellington, additional, Bapela, Poncho, additional, Ndhlovu, Nomathamsanqa, additional, Mathema, Hlengani, additional, Modise, Motshabi, additional, Shuping, Liliwe, additional, Manana, Pinky N., additional, Moore, David, additional, Dangor, Ziyaad, additional, Verwey, Charl, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Saloojee, Haroon, additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, and Blumberg, Lucille, additional

Published
2021
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32. Reuse of nevirapine in exposed HIV-infected children after protease inhibitor-based viral suppression

Author

Coovadia, Ashraf, Abrams, Elaine J., Stehlau. Renate, Meyers, Tammy, Martens, Leigh, Sherman, Gayle, Hunt, Gillian, Chih-Chi Hu, Wei-Yann Tsai, Morris, Lynn, and Kuhn, Louise

Subjects
Nevirapine -- Health aspects, HIV infection in children -- Drug therapy, Protease inhibitors -- Usage, Protease inhibitors -- Health aspects
Abstract

The study aims to evaluate whether the reuse of nevirapine in exposed HIV-infected children after protease inhibitor (PI)-based viral suppression can help maintain viral suppression. The results indicate that in the case of such children, the switch resulted in lower rates of viremia greater than 50 copies/ml.

Published
2010

34. Pretreatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Among Treatment-Naive Infants Newly Diagnosed With HIV in 2016 in Namibia: Results of a Nationally Representative Study.

Author

Jordan, Michael R, Bikinesi, Leonard, Ashipala, Laimi, Mutenda, Nicholus, Brantuo, Mary, Hunt, Gillian, Shiningavamwe, Andreas, Mutandi, Gram, Beukes, Anita, Beard, Suzanne, Battey, Katherine, Dziuban, Eric J, Raizes, Elliot, Adjei, Paul, Tang, Alice, Giron, Amalia, and Hong, Steven Y

Subjects
HIV, DRUG resistance, INFANTS, REVERSE transcriptase, VIRAL load
Abstract

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine surveillance of pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance (HIVDR) in children <18 months of age diagnosed with HIV through early infant diagnosis (EID). In 2016, 262 children <18 months of age were diagnosed with HIV in Namibia through EID. Levels of HIVDR in this population are unknown. Methods In 2016, Namibia surveyed pretreatment HIVDR among children aged <18 months following WHO guidance. Reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase regions of HIV-1 were genotyped from remnant dried blood spot specimens from all infants diagnosed with HIV in Namibia in 2016. HIVDR was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Results Of 262 specimens genotyped, 198 HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences and 118 HIV-1 integrase sequences were successfully amplified and analyzed. The prevalence of efavirenz/nevirapine (EFV/NVP), abacavir (ABC), zidovudine, lamivudine/emtricitabine (3TC/FTC), and tenofovir (TDF) resistance was 62.6%, 17.7%, 5.6%, 15.7%, and 10.1%, respectively. No integrase inhibitor resistance was detected. Conclusions The high level of EFV/NVP resistance is unsurprising; however, levels of ABC and TDF resistance are among the highest observed to date in infants in sub-Saharan Africa. The absence of resistance to dolutegravir (DTG) is reassuring but underscores the need to further study the impact of ABC and 3TC/FTC resistance on pediatric protease inhibitor– and DTG-based regimens and accelerate access to other antiretroviral drugs. Results underscore the need for antiretroviral therapy optimization and prompt management of high viral loads in infants and pregnant and breastfeeding women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Community-led cross-sectional study of social and employment circumstances, HIV and associated factors amongst female sex workers in South Africa: study protocol

Author

Milovanovic, Minja, primary, Jewkes, Rachel, additional, Otwombe, Kennedy, additional, Jaffer, Maya, additional, Hopkins, Kathryn, additional, Hlongwane, Khuthadzo, additional, Matuludi, Mokgadi, additional, Mbowane, Venice, additional, Gray, Glenda, additional, Dunkle, Kristin, additional, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Welte, Alex, additional, Kassanjee, Reshma, additional, Slingers, Nevilene, additional, Vanleeuw, Lieve, additional, Puren, Adrian, additional, Kinghorn, Anthony, additional, Martinson, Neil, additional, Abdullah, Fareed, additional, and Coetzee, Jenny, additional

Published
2021
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36. HIV drug resistance profile in South Africa: Findings and implications from the 2017 national HIV household survey

Author

Moyo, Sizulu, primary, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Zuma, Khangelani, additional, Zungu, Mpumi, additional, Marinda, Edmore, additional, Mabaso, Musawenkosi, additional, Kana, Vibha, additional, Kalimashe, Monalisa, additional, Ledwaba, Johanna, additional, Naidoo, Inbarani, additional, Takatshana, Sinovuyo, additional, Matjokotja, Tebogo, additional, Dietrich, Cheryl, additional, Raizes, Elliot, additional, Diallo, Karidia, additional, Kindra, Gurpreet, additional, Mugore, Linnetie, additional, and Rehle, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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37. Global and regional epidemiology of HIV-1 recombinants in 1990–2015: a systematic review and global survey

Author

Hemelaar, Joris, primary, Elangovan, Ramyiadarsini, additional, Yun, Jason, additional, Dickson-Tetteh, Leslie, additional, Kirtley, Shona, additional, Gouws-Williams, Eleanor, additional, Ghys, Peter D, additional, Abimiku, Alash'le G, additional, Agwale, Simon, additional, Archibald, Chris, additional, Avidor, Boaz, additional, Barbás, María Gabriela, additional, Barre-Sinoussi, Francoise, additional, Barugahare, Banson, additional, Belabbes, El Hadj, additional, Bertagnolio, Silvia, additional, Birx, Deborah, additional, Bobkov, Aleksei F, additional, Brandful, James, additional, Bredell, Helba, additional, Brennan, Catherine A, additional, Brooks, James, additional, Bruckova, Marie, additional, Buonaguro, Luigi, additional, Buonaguro, Franco, additional, Buttò, Stefano, additional, Buvé, Anne, additional, Campbell, Mary, additional, Carr, Jean, additional, Carrera, Alex, additional, Carrillo, Manuel Gómez, additional, Celum, Connie, additional, Chaplin, Beth, additional, Charles, Macarthur, additional, Chatzidimitriou, Dimitrios, additional, Chen, Zhiwei, additional, Chijiwa, Katsumi, additional, Cooper, David, additional, Cunningham, Philip, additional, Dagnra, Anoumou, additional, de Gascun, Cillian F, additional, Del Amo, Julia, additional, Delgado, Elena, additional, Dietrich, Ursula, additional, Dwyer, Dominic, additional, Ellenberger, Dennis, additional, Ensoli, Barbara, additional, Essex, Max, additional, Gao, Feng, additional, Fleury, Hervé, additional, Fonjungo, Peter N, additional, Foulongne, Vincent, additional, Gadkari, Deepak A, additional, García, Federico, additional, Garsia, Roger, additional, Gershy-Damet, Guy Michel, additional, Glynn, Judith R, additional, Goodall, Ruth, additional, Grossman, Zehava, additional, Lindenmeyer-Guimarães, Monick, additional, Hahn, Beatrice, additional, Hamers, Raph L, additional, Hamouda, Osamah, additional, Handema, Ray, additional, He, Xiang, additional, Herbeck, Joshua, additional, Ho, David D, additional, Holguin, Africa, additional, Hosseinipour, Mina, additional, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Ito, Masahiko, additional, Bel Hadj Kacem, Mohamed Ali, additional, Kahle, Erin, additional, Kaleebu, Pontiano, additional, Kalish, Marcia, additional, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, additional, Kang, Chun, additional, Kanki, Phyllis, additional, Karamov, Edward, additional, Karasi, Jean-Claude, additional, Kayitenkore, Kayitesi, additional, Kelleher, Tony, additional, Kitayaporn, Dwip, additional, Kostrikis, Leondios G, additional, Kucherer, Claudia, additional, Lara, Claudia, additional, Leitner, Thomas, additional, Liitsola, Kirsi, additional, Lingappa, Jai, additional, Linka, Marek, additional, Lorenzana de Rivera, Ivette, additional, Lukashov, Vladimir, additional, Maayan, Shlomo, additional, Mayr, Luzia, additional, McCutchan, Francine, additional, Meda, Nicolas, additional, Menu, Elisabeth, additional, Mhalu, Fred, additional, Mloka, Doreen, additional, Mokili, John L, additional, Montes, Brigitte, additional, Mor, Orna, additional, Morgado, Mariza, additional, Mosha, Fausta, additional, Moussi, Awatef, additional, Mullins, James, additional, Najera, Rafael, additional, Nasr, Mejda, additional, Ndembi, Nicaise, additional, Neilson, Joel R, additional, Nerurkar, Vivek R, additional, Neuhann, Florian, additional, Nolte, Claudine, additional, Novitsky, Vlad, additional, Nyambi, Philippe, additional, Ofner, Marianna, additional, Paladin, Fem J, additional, Papa, Anna, additional, Pape, Jean, additional, Parkin, Neil, additional, Parry, Chris, additional, Peeters, Martine, additional, Pelletier, Alexandra, additional, Pérez-Álvarez, Lucía, additional, Pillay, Deenan, additional, Pinto, Angie, additional, Quang, Trinh Duy, additional, Rademeyer, Cecilia, additional, Raikanikoda, Filimone, additional, Rayfield, Mark A, additional, Reynes, Jean-Marc, additional, Rinke de Wit, Tobias, additional, Robbins, Kenneth E, additional, Rolland, Morgane, additional, Rousseau, Christine, additional, Salazar-Gonzales, Jesus, additional, Salem, Hanan, additional, Salminen, Mika, additional, Salomon, Horacio, additional, Sandstrom, Paul, additional, Santiago, Mario L, additional, Sarr, Abdoulaye D, additional, Schroeder, Bryan, additional, Segondy, Michel, additional, Selhorst, Philippe, additional, Sempala, Sylvester, additional, Servais, Jean, additional, Shaik, Ansari, additional, Shao, Yiming, additional, Slim, Amine, additional, Soares, Marcelo A, additional, Songok, Elijah, additional, Stewart, Debbie, additional, Stokes, Julie, additional, Subbarao, Shambavi, additional, Sutthent, Ruengpung, additional, Takehisa, Jun, additional, Tanuri, Amilcar, additional, Tee, Kok Keng, additional, Thapa, Kiran, additional, Thomson, Michael, additional, Tran, Tyna, additional, Urassa, Willy, additional, Ushijima, Hiroshi, additional, van de Perre, Philippe, additional, van der Groen, Guido, additional, van Laethem, Kristel, additional, van Oosterhout, Joep, additional, van Sighem, Ard, additional, van Wijngaerden, Eric, additional, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, additional, Vercauteren, Jurgen, additional, Vidal, Nicole, additional, Wallace, Lesley, additional, Williamson, Carolyn, additional, Wolday, Dawit, additional, Xu, Jianqing, additional, Yang, Chunfu, additional, Zhang, Linqi, additional, and Zhang, Rong, additional

Published
2020
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43. Epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SARS‐CoV‐2 positive hospital admissions among children in South Africa.

Author

Kufa, Tendesayi, Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Masha, Maureen, Wolter, Nicole, Walaza, Sibongile, von Gottburg, Anne, Govender, Nelesh P., Hunt, Gillian, Shonhiwa, Andronica Moipone, Ebonwu, Joy, Ntshoe, Genevie, Maruma, Wellington, Bapela, Poncho, Ndhlovu, Nomathamsanqa, Mathema, Hlengani, Modise, Motshabi, Shuping, Liliwe, and Manana, Pinky N.

Subjects
HOSPITAL admission & discharge, SARS-CoV-2, PUBLIC hospitals, CHILDREN'S hospitals, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HOSPITAL laboratories, ODDS ratio, HOSPITAL mortality
Abstract

Introduction: We describe epidemiology and outcomes of confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and positive admissions among children <18 years in South Africa, an upper‐middle income setting with high inequality. Methods: Laboratory and hospital COVID‐19 surveillance data, 28 January ‐ 19 September 2020 was used. Testing rates were calculated as number of tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 divided by population at risk; test positivity rates were calculated as positive tests divided by total number of tests. In‐hospital case fatality ratio (CFR) was calculated based on hospitalized positive admissions with outcome data who died in‐hospital and whose death was judged SARS‐CoV‐2 related by attending physician. Findings 315 570 children aged <18 years were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2; representing 8.9% of all 3 548 738 tests and 1.6% of all children in the country. Of children tested, 46 137 (14.6%) were positive. Children made up 2.9% (n = 2007) of all SARS‐CoV‐2 positive admissions to sentinel hospitals. Among children, 47 died (2.6% case‐fatality). In‐hospital deaths were associated with male sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08–4.40)] vs female; age <1 year [aOR 4.11 (95% CI 1.08–15.54)], age 10–14 years [aOR 4.20 (95% CI1.07–16.44)], age 15–17 years [aOR 4.86 (95% 1.28–18.51)] vs age 1–4 years; admission to a public hospital [aOR 5.07(95% 2.01–12.76)] vs private hospital and ≥1 underlying conditions [aOR 12.09 (95% CI 4.19–34.89)] vs none. Conclusions: Children with underlying conditions were at greater risk of severe SARS‐CoV‐2 outcomes. Children > 10 years, those in certain provinces and those with underlying conditions should be considered for increased testing and vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Multi-Laboratory Comparison of Next-Generation to Sanger-Based Sequencing for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping

Author

Parkin, Neil T., primary, Avila-Rios, Santiago, additional, Bibby, David F., additional, Brumme, Chanson J., additional, Eshleman, Susan H., additional, Harrigan, P. Richard, additional, Howison, Mark, additional, Hunt, Gillian, additional, Ji, Hezhao, additional, Kantor, Rami, additional, Ledwaba, Johanna, additional, Lee, Emma R., additional, Matías-Florentino, Margarita, additional, Mbisa, Jean L., additional, Noguera-Julian, Marc, additional, Paredes, Roger, additional, Rivera-Amill, Vanessa, additional, Swanstrom, Ronald, additional, Zaccaro, Daniel J., additional, Zhang, Yinfeng, additional, Zhou, Shuntai, additional, and Jennings, Cheryl, additional

Published
2020
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