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In this study, the contents of total phenols and total anthocyanins in blue honeysuckle fruit from six regions (Jiagedaqi, Xinlin, Hongwei, Amur, Tuqiang and Tahe) of the Greater Khingan Mountains were determined and compared, the antioxidant capacity of phenols from blue honeysuckle fruit was comprehensively analyzed using three different methods, and the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by measuring its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The crude extract rich in polyphenols were separated and purified, and the resulting fractions were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the contents of total phenols and total anthocyanins in blue honeysuckle fruit from these six regions differed significantly, but the compositions were basically the same and all phenolic extracts had high antioxidant capacity. They had inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating the potential of blue honeysuckle fruit from these six regions for development and utilization.

Crude polyphenols were extracted from white currant fruit from the small berry resource garden in Northeast Agricultural University and purified by solid phase extraction (SPE) into polysaccharide, anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin fractions. The chemical composition as well as the contents of total phenols and total anthocyanins in each fraction was determined. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging capacity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of each fraction. The results showed that white currant fruit contained 78 non-anthocyanin polyphenols and only one anthocyanin polyphenol, corninin-3-glucoside, which can be used as a potential raw material for anthocyanin extraction. The contents of total phenols and total anthocyanins in the crude extract from white currant fruit were (34.93 ± 0.47) and (2.99 ± 0.98) mg/g, respectively. It had strong antioxidant capacity.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a deciduous shrub with perennial rootstock found in China. The objectives of this study were to explore the drought tolerance of blue honeysuckle, determine the effect of drought stress on two photosystems, and examine the mechanism of acquired drought tolerance. In this study, blue honeysuckle under four levels of simulated field capacity (100%, 85%, 75%, and 65% RH) was grown in split-root pots for drought stress treatment, for measuring the changes in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The chlorophyll content of each increased under mild stress and decreased under moderate and severe stress. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal conductance of blue honeysuckle decreased with the increase in water stress. However, the water utilization rate and stomatal limit system increased under mild and moderate stress and decreased under severe stress. The maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency, and quantum efficiency of photosystem II decreased with the decrease in soil water content, and the initial fluorescence increased significantly (p < 0.01). With the decrease in soil water content, the energy allocation ratio parameters decreased under severe drought stress. The main activity of the unit reaction center parameters first increased and then decreased. ABS/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm, and REo/CSm gradually declined. After a comprehensive analysis, the highest scores were obtained under adequate irrigation (CK). Overall, we concluded that the water irrigation system of blue honeysuckle should be considered adequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue honeysuckle, also named as haskap or honeyberry, an emerging fruit worldwide, with the species being Lonicera L., originating from the north hemisphere, exhibits high genetic heterogeneity and abundant genetic variation in fruit and leaf traits. However, there are few papers on the research progress of blue honeysuckle breeding and cultivars. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) is an effective plant variety protection system, and blue honeysuckle cultivars from different countries and regions are registered in the UPOV database. In this review, we summarized the origin, domestication and germplasm collection, breeding categories and supporting techniques of blue honeysuckle, and the information on registered blue honeysuckle cultivars was analysed based on the UPOV database. Finally, the paper put forward the challenges of blue honeysuckle in development, breeding direction and perspectives to promote the development of blue honeysuckle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing the first-class undergraduate specialty, deepening curriculum reform, incorporating innovation and entrepreneurship education throughout the entire talent development process, and consistently enhancing the standard of innovation and entrepreneurship education are crucial approaches to fostering scientific and technological aptitude among college students. This study, according to the nature and characteristics of the course "Comprehensive Utilization of Grain and Oil Processing By-Products", focusing on the objectives of course teaching, under the guidance of the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education, aims to explore the development and implementation of a practical case teaching method tailored to grain engineering students within the framework of the provincial first-class undergraduate specialty construction. By improving challenges such as lecture-based teaching, limited practical links, and one-dimensional assessment, a collaborative education platform of 'trinity' innovation and entrepreneurship teaching is proposed based on the construction idea of "classroom-experiment-practice". This platform emphasizes several improvement initiatives, such as incorporating industry case-inspired teaching, conducting classroom presentations, fostering the development of innovative experimental designs in small groups, cultivating the spirit of scientists, expanding the teaching of science and innovation competitions on the extracurricular activities, implementing multi-dimensional assessment methods, and establishing continuity mechanisms. Our goal is to establish a collaborative platform that nurtures innovation and entrepreneurship through the professional curriculum. Ultimately, this platform seeks to promote balanced development between professional knowledge and entrepreneurial skills, elevating the cultivation of innovative talents in grain engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of hot-air dehydration on the quality of blue honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea L.). The results demonstrated that drying with hot air at 40–65 °C for 7–72 h resulted in blue honeysuckle berries with a moisture content of 0.21–1.10 g H2O/g dry weight. Generally, low to medium temperatures (40–55 °C) showed a better effect on the quality than high temperatures (60–65 °C). Specifically, drying at 40 °C exclusively resulted in better retention of cuticular wax, the best sensory appearance, and the highest total phenolic content. Drying at 45 °C and 50 °C resulted in the highest antioxidant capacity and the optimal sensory flavor. Drying at 55 °C led to the highest soluble solid/acid ratio, ascorbic acid concentration, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin. The work introduces an innovative raw berry product and provides a comprehensive practical and theoretical framework for convective dehydration of blue honeysuckle berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Colour change is an important event during fruit ripening in blueberry. It is well known that miR156/SPLs act as regulatory modules mediating anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene plays critical roles during colour change, but the intrinsic connections between the two pathways remain poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that blueberry VcMIR156a/VcSPL12 affects the accumulation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls in tomato and Arabidopsis. In this study, we first showed that VcMIR156a overexpression in blueberry led to enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis, decreased chlorophyll accumulation, and, intriguingly, concomitant elevation in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and the level of the ethylene precursor ACC. Conversely, VcSPL12 enhanced chlorophyll accumulation and suppressed anthocyanin biosynthesis and ACC synthesis in fruits. Moreover, the treatment with ethylene substitutes and inhibitors attenuated the effects of VcMIR156a and VcSPL12 on pigment accumulation. Protein‐DNA interaction assays indicated that VcSPL12 could specifically bind to the promoters and inhibit the activities of the ethylene biosynthetic genes VcACS1 and VcACO6. Collectively, our results show that VcMIR156a/VcSPL12 alters ethylene production through targeting VcACS1 and VcACO6, therefore governing fruit colour change. Additionally, VcSPL12 may directly interact with the promoter region of the chlorophyll biosynthetic gene VcDVR, thereby activating its expression. These findings established an intrinsic connection between the miR156/SPL regulatory module and ethylene pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional value of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) fruit is abundant; however, its production faces challenges due to a short harvesting period and fruit drop issues. In this study, the effects and potential mechanisms of two different plant growth regulators, GA3 (Gibberellins acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), on blue honeysuckle fruit abscission and abscission layer formation were investigated. The main cultivated variety of blue honeysuckle, 'Berel', was used as the experimental material. GA3 and 2,4-D were sprayed on the plants from the veraison. The anatomical structure of the fruit abscission zone (FAZ) was observed after treatment. Key enzymes involved in cell wall degradation, pectinase, cellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectin methylesterase, were analyzed for their activities. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of cell wall detachment-related genes CX1, CX2, PL20, PE, and key genes for gibberellin and ethylene synthesis GA2OX1, GA1, ACO, and ACO3 were examined. The results indicated that the application of GA3 and 2,4-D could delay the formation of the abscission layer. In the FAZ treated with GA3 and 2,4-D at 5 DAT, the activity of key enzymes involved in cell wall degradation decreased, the expression of genes related to cell wall degradation enzymes and key genes for ethylene synthesis was inhibited, and the drop of fruit reduced. In conclusion, exogenous application of GA3 and 2,4-D suppresses the abscission of 'Berel' blue honeysuckle fruit, likely through the inhibition of cell wall degradation and abscission layer formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihood supply security is a critical issue when a public health emergency comes, and the layout planning of existing commercial facilities in China is not yet able to meet the livelihood supply in emergency situations. Evaluating the layout plan of existing commercial facilities is the first step to optimize them. Based on the theory of community "living circle", this study takes the central urban area of Hefei City as the scope of research, uses the big data platform and GIS to analyze the accessibility of commercial facilities for people's livelihood supply, conducts comprehensive evaluation at the community level, and explores the development direction of optimizing the planning and layout of commercial facilities for people's livelihood supply in the community living circle. The final analysis concludes that the layout planning of livelihood supply commercial facilities in areas with relatively low degree of construction at the edge of the central city of Hefei is unable to meet the basic living needs of residents under normal conditions. The problem is less obvious in the core area of the central city, but is further magnified in the face of sudden public health events, and its problematic area is more obviously expanded.

The slow village is the focus of rural development. Under the drive of the slow village, the village will achieve comprehensive economic, social and cultural revitalization and become a sustainable rural development structure in the new era. Based on the concept of “slow village”, this article combines the author’s rural planning proposal of Changji Village in Fanchang County to examine whether the development idea of “slow village” can promote rural revitalization. The article analyzes and researches the three aspects of production, living and ecological space in order to explore a development model of rural revitalization based on the “slow village”, and provide ideas for the revitalization and ecological sustainable development of similar villages.