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Aims: To investigate the association of methylation risk score (MRS) and its interactions with environmental factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study with 241 onset cases and 241 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to identify risk CpG sites. Simple and weighted MRSs were constructed based on the methylation levels of ATP‐binding cassette G1 gene, fat mass and obesity associated gene, potassium voltage‐gated channel member 1 gene, and thioredoxin‐interacting protein gene previously associated with T2DM to estimate the association of MRS with T2DM risk. Stratified analyses were used to investigate interactions between MRS and environmental factors. Results: A total of 10 CpG loci were identified from the aforementioned genes to calculate MRS. After controlling for potential confounding factors, taking tertile 1 as reference, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM of tertile 3 was 2.39 (1.36–4.20) for simple MRS and 2.59 (1.45–4.63) for weighted MRS. With per SD score increment in MRS, the OR (95% CI) was 1.66 (1.29–2.14) and 1.60 (1.24–2.08) for simple and weighted MRSs, respectively. J‐curved associations were observed between both simple and weighted MRSs and T2DM risks. Additionally, multiplication interactions for smoking and hypertension with simple MRS on the risk of T2DM were found, similarly for smoking and obesity with weighted MRS on the risk of T2DM (all Pinteraction <.05). Conclusion: Elevated simple and weighted MRSs were associated with increased risk of T2DM. Environmental risk factors may influence the association between MRS and T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effect of strain rate (10−4–10−1 s−1) on the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of medium‐Mn transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steels is investigated. The steel after intercritical annealing exhibits an austenite–martensite–ferrite triplex microstructure with a relatively high austenite fraction (66.1%). A negative strain rate dependence of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and significant serrated behavior are found during the room temperature tensile test. The total elongation (TE) attains a maximum value of 32.0% at the strain rate of 10−2 s−1 and then decreases with increasing strain rate. The evolution of strain‐induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) as a function of strain rate is analyzed considering the adiabatic heating during deformation. The different degrees of SIMT under different strain rates lead to a fracture transition between quasicleavage fracture and ductile fracture. The delamination cracks originating from the interface of martensite and austenite are closely related with the quantity and the local strain of the martensite–austenite interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot deformation behavior of V–Ti microalloyed steel is carried out using Gleeble1500. The results show that the flow stress curve is mainly characterized by work hardening and high‐temperature deformation softening mechanisms. Herein, the combination of strain hardening rate–stress curve and stress–strain–temperature dynamic recrystallization 3D model can be used to determine the temperature and strain corresponding to the beginning and end of dynamic recrystallization. The recrystallization activation energy and hot deformation constitutive equation are calculated by austenite recrystallization kinetic regression. Comparing three constitutive equation models with different fitting accuracies, the hyperbolic sine equation with fitting accuracy of 0.99178 is obtained, and the thermal deformation activation energy is determined to be 286.897 kJ mol−1. It is close to the self‐diffusion activation energy of austenite 281 kJ mol−1, so the rate control mechanism under this deformation condition is the dislocation climbing of diffusion control. The combination of the 3D model of dynamic recrystallization and the constitutive equation can not only obtain the flow stress curve under a certain deformation condition, but also obtain the structure evolution information. The mutual verification of the two makes it possible to study the hot deformation behavior under different deformation conditions more comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In order to assess the associations between telomere length (TL) and diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched up to July 11, 2023. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated using the random-effects model. Age, sex, study design, duration of diabetes, region, sample size, and body mass index (BMI) were used to stratify subgroup analyses., Results: A total of 37 observational studies involving 18,181 participants from 14 countries were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. In this study, patients with diabetes had shorter TL than the non-diabetic, whether those patients had T1DM (-2.70; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.93; P<0.001), T2DM (-3.70; 95% CI: -4.20, -3.20; P<0.001), or other types of diabetes (-0.71; 95% CI: -1.10, -0.31; P<0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis of T2DM showed that TL was significantly correlated with age, sex, study design, diabetes duration, sample size, detection method, region, and BMI., Conclusion: A negative correlation was observed between TL and DM. To validate this association in the interim, more extensive, superior prospective investigations and clinical trials are required., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. See the journal About page for additional terms.)