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Seerat Mehdi,1 Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad,1 Arslan Hussain Lodhi,1 Umair Khurshid,2 Ahmed Awais Khalid,1 Sheikh Safeena Sidiq,1 Liaqat Hussain,3 Mirza Shaharyar Baig1 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanCorrespondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email fiaz.ahmad@iub.edu.pkAim: Liver regulates metabolism of biomolecules and injury of liver causes distortion of metabolic functions. This injury may be oxidative or inflammatory induced by numerous factors including alcohol, pathogens and xenobiotics. This scientific study was planned to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) induced liver injury.Methods: DPPH analysis, reducing power assay and HPLC analysis were performed during in-vitro studies of p-CA. Similarly, in-vivo experiments were performed using Wistar Albino rats. Normal control and intoxicated group received (5mL/kg normal saline p.o), standard treatment groups received ascorbic acid (100mg/kg p.o) and silymarin (25mg/kg p.o), while p-CA treatment groups received (100mg/kg p.o) for 28-days. After completion of 28-days, LPS/D-GalN injection (300 mg D-GalN/kg and 10 μg LPS/kg i.p.) was given at 6th, 12th and 24-hours to all groups except normal control group. Animals were sacrificed; serum and liver samples were harvested and subjected to biochemical and histological examinations, respectively.Results: The results revealed that p-CA possess strong antioxidant activity. Increased levels of leukocyte infiltration (TLC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), lipid panel (eg TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C), whereas decreased HDL-C levels noticed in LPS/D-GalN groups as compared to normal control groups. Pro-Inflammatory markers (eg TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and lipid peroxidation marker, eg malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased significantly in groups treated with LPS/D-GalN. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used for statistical analysis of. H&E staining was done to assess architectural abnormalities among liver cells.Conclusion: In conclusion, p-CA could ameliorate LPS/D-GalN induced hepatic injury via regulation of immune responses, liver function enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers.Keywords: p-coumaric acid, lipopolysaccharide, D-galactosamine, oxidative stress, inflammation

This study was aimed to investigate baking quality of some bread wheat and water stress. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Five local cultivars and 20 entrance genotypes were planted, during first season and the best 9 genotypes for baking ability were selected and tested in the second season, under moisture depletion levels of 50, 70, and 90% of field capacity, RCBD was used for the first season, with a splitplot design for the second season, with three replications for both seasons. The levels of moisture depletion occupied the main plots and the genotypes of the sub plots. In the second season, the results showed that reducing the moisture depletion to the level of 50% of the available water produced the highest grain yield, while the 90% moisture depletion level exceeded 90% produced the highest means of the protein%. It could be concluded that the availability of the appropriate quantities of irrigation water reflected positively on grain yield and that the decrease in the quantities of irrigation water improved protein%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of the interaction of herbicides and varieties with different types of foliar nutrition in production the highest yield for three wheat varieties. A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadiriyah for two seasons, as the seeds of the first season were sown on 13/12/2018 and harvested on 15/5/2019, and the seeds of the second season were sown on 4/12/2019 and harvested on 10/5/2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the arrangement of split plots, the nutrition included the main plots, while the varieties with herbicides treatments occupied the secondary plots with three replications. The treatment of V3H3 was significantly superior in achieving the highest average in the grain yield value 4.75 and 5.10 ton h -1 for the two seasons, respectively. As for the nutrition, treatment F3 gave the highest average in the grain yield amounted to 4.74 and 4.69 ton ha-1 for the two seasons, respectively. It could be concluded that V3H3 the best treatment to compete with the weeds by giving it the highest yield. Also, It is noted that the leaves feeding treatments all led to a significant increases in the yield and some of its components despite the normal fertilization treatment was the best treatment by giving it the highest grain yield and a significant increases in two of the yield components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global landscape of radiation oncology (RO) practices and educational frameworks exhibits intriguing variations across continents, yet a comprehensive understanding of these distinctions remains elusive. Aim of this study was to investigate the diverse working styles and educational paradigms among radiation oncologists (ROs) worldwide. Comprehensive international survey, targeting ROs worldwide was conducted. It reached out to 137 ROs across 86 countries spanning Africa, North-South America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. To qualify for the survey, participants needed to be practicing ROs within academic settings. This survey, which collected responses from 2020 to 2023, included a set of 18 questions, which were designed to gather insights into various aspects of RO profession of their respective countries, including educational background and work practices. Key topics addressed in the survey encompassed: (a) perceived adequacy of RO workforce numbers, (b) overall popularity of the RO field, (c) gender distribution within the profession, specifically the proportion of female ROs, and (d) availability of residency positions in the field of RO. Responses from 103 ROs representing 71 countries were received. Geographical distribution of respondents was Africa (10), Asia (29), Europe (37), North America (1 from Canada), South America (24), and Oceania (2, both from Australia). Key findings: (a) Concerning the sufficiency of ROs; A majority of respondents from Europe (57%), Asia (62%), and Africa (75%) felt there were insufficient ROs, while data from North America and Oceania was not indicative of a trend due to low response rates. A notable exception was Mongolia, where one respondent indicated an adequate number of ROs, attributing this to the existence of a single cancer center in the country. (b) Popularity of the RO field; over half of the respondents from each continent felt that the field was not widely recognized, with the highest perception of popularity in Africa (63% responded negatively) and a combined 74% negative response rate from other continents. (c) Proportion of female Ros; This was comparatively higher in Europe and North America, with median rates of 60% and 63%, respectively, while the median rate across other continents hovered around 45%. (d) Residency positions; Seven respondents indicated the absence of official training programs in their regions or reported zero available positions—four from Asia and three from South America. The results reveal a widespread deficiency of ROs in most countries and, in some, a lack of education programs. The low popularity of RO, as pointed out by most participants, is a shared concern While similarities were observed within continents, significant differences were also noted, which were not solely attributable to the economic conditions of the respective countries, suggesting other complex factors to play in influencing the availability and recognition of RO services globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an exploratory investigation of ectoparasites of poultry commercial broiler chicken with age ranging from 4 to 7 weeks at different seasons of the year was found to suffer from urogenital myiasis varying from 0.52- 2.62 % with an average of 1.34% infestation. Data was generated from a total 4450 broiler chicken where 60 birds were found infested with urogenital myiasis in different seasons of the year, monsoon being the most preferred one. Laboratory bred larvae completed life cycle in 13-18 days at room temperature (20.3-32°C) and relative humidity of 85%. Larvae collected from lesions were identified as Chrysomya bezziana and the adult flies were emerged from those larvae were also morphologically identical to C. bezziana. Subsequently molecular characterization of the larvae was conducted. Results of BLAST showed the query sequence having 99% similarity with C. bezziana. Possible economic impact of the urogenital myiasis in poultry has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]