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In this research, a theoretical study was conducted to calculate the electronic stopping force using the Bohr and Bethe equations for charged particles (protons) located on the elements (13Al, 14Si, 29Cu, 32Ge, 47Ag, 78Pt, 79Au, and 82Pb) within the energy range of [0.01–1000] MeV. When using the Bethe equation to calculate the proton stopping power in the target elements, it was found that the greatest value was at the energy of 0.5 MeV, and a cutoff occurs at energy of 0.1 MeV in Al and 0.5 MeV in Si, Ag, Cu, Ge, Ag, Pt, Au, and Pb, but while using the Bohr equation, it is at an energy of 0.5 MeV in the elements Al, Si, Ag, Cu, Ge, Ag, Pt, Au, and Pb, and the cut occurs at an energy of 0.1 MeV in Al and 0.5 MeV in Si, Ag, Cu, Ge, Ag, Pt, Au, and Pb. The process varies in energy loss due to the nature and type of incident particles; these data can be used in many industrial applications. The stopping power of the Bohr and Bethe equations for the proton shell in these media was compared after programming them in MATLAB and using data from the SRIM 2012 program and data obtained from the PSTAR program. A semi-empirical equation was also extracted as a factor to multiply the Bohr equation so that its results were close to the PSTAR results for the electronic stopping force of the proton in the elements Al and Si within the energy range of 1–1,000 MeV, and the results were consistent with it. The experimental equations were extracted using curve fitting using the MATLAB language. For other elements within the same energy range, the results were consistent with the PSTAR results.

Abstract Background Heterotaxia is characterized by an abnormal positioning of the thoracic and/or abdominal organs, resulting in various physiological and hemodynamic implications. Congenital heart disease involves structural irregularities in the heart or major vessels within the chest, leading to functional challenges. Case presentation We present a 26-year-old Arab female patient with a complex medical history involving heterotaxy, dextrocardia, congenital heart disease, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction diagnosed in her first year of life, followed by the identification of endometriosis in her early twenties. This combination of disorders is reportedly unique in existing literature. The patient sought emergency care for severe diffuse abdominal pain unrelated to diet or bowel movements, accompanied by nausea. The pain was localized in specific areas and radiated to the shoulder. Despite treatment attempts with hormonal therapy for abdominal pain relief, her symptoms persisted. Upon examination, no immediate surgical or medical emergencies were noted, leading to symptom management with antispasmodics and recommendations for specialist follow-ups. The patient’s cardiac condition, including cyanosis and related complications, was discussed along with her past surgeries and diagnostic findings related to her cardiovascular health. Conclusion This case emphasizes the challenges of managing complex medical conditions in a young individual, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary care and long-term follow-up to ensure the best possible quality of life for the patient. An interdisciplinary approach is crucial for the comprehensive care of patients with heterotaxy, as they may present with a wide range of anatomical abnormalities affecting different organ systems. Clinicians need to be well informed about the complexities of heterotaxy syndromes and their diverse manifestations to provide effective and personalized care.

Etrasimod (ADP334) is an oral, once‐daily, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and in development for the treatment of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. Interaction between S1P and its five receptor subtypes (S1P1–S1P5) plays a role in several physiologic systems, including the cardiovascular and immune systems. Since differences in S1PR binding and downstream intracellular signaling could contribute to distinct profiles of drug efficacy and safety, we directly compared the S1P1–5 selectivity profile of etrasimod to three marketed S1PR modulators: fingolimod, ozanimod, and siponimod. Using both heterologous expression systems and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that spontaneously express S1P1, we profiled key S1P1 downstream signaling pathways and found that etrasimod had similar potency to the other tested S1PR modulators in promoting β‐arrestin recruitment and S1P1 internalization. However, etrasimod was notably less potent than other S1PR modulators in assays measuring S1P1‐mediated G protein activation (GTPγS binding and cAMP inhibition). Relatively lower potency of etrasimod in inducing G protein signaling corresponded to significantly diminished activation of human cardiac G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels when compared to ozanimod. Together with pharmacokinetic properties, this pharmacologic profile of etrasimod may contribute to the positive benefit risk profile of etrasimod observed during the phase III ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12 trials in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

Due to the reliability and efficiency of keystroke dynamics, enterprises have adopted it widely in multi-factor authentication systems, effectively strengthening user authentication and thereby boosting the security of online and offline services. The existing works that detect imposter users suffer from performance and robustness degradation. Therefore, this article introduces a novel methodology to enhance user authentication and identify imposter users who attempt to have unauthorized access. We first use quantile transformation (QT) to mitigate outliers in the user's typing behavior that affects the authentication process and then employ conditional tabular generative adversarial networks (CTGAN) for data augmentation to learn the users' typing patterns better. Next, five accurate transfer learning models (VGG19, EfficientNetB0, Resnet50, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121) are utilized for extracting effective features within the typing patterns, so our methodology can detect imposter users accurately and hence make precise decisions to enhance the user authentication process. Finally, we ensure transparency and trust in our user authentication methodology by incorporating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), utilizing local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME). Extensive experiments using a publicly available keystroke dynamics benchmark dataset from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) showcase superior security performance and robustness using the proposed methodology compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Mohamed T El-Saadony,1,* Guihong Fang,2,3,* Si Yan,3 Samar Sami Alkafaas,4 Mahmoud A El Nasharty,5 Sohila A Khedr,6 Aya Misbah Hussien,7 Soumya Ghosh,8 Mthokozisi Dladla,9 Sara Samy Elkafas,10,11 Essam H Ibrahim,12,13 Heba Mohammed Salem,14 Walid FA Mosa,15 Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed,12 Dina Mostafa Mohammed,16 Sameh A Korma,17 Marawan K El-Tarabily,18 Ahmed M Saad,19 Khaled A El-Tarabily,20 Synan F AbuQamar20 1Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 2School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, People’s Republic of China; 3Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan, 571400, People’s Republic of China; 4Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; 6Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31733, Egypt; 7Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt; 8Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman; 9Human Molecular Biology Unit (School of Biomedical Sciences), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; 10Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Shebin El Kom, Menofia, 32511, Egypt; 11Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia; 12Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; 13Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, 12611, Egypt; 14Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; 15Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt; 16Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; 17Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 18Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; 19Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 20Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Si Yan, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan, 571400, People’s Republic of China, Email yansi9928@163.com Synan F AbuQamar, Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 3 713 6733, Fax +971 3 713 4927, Email sabuqamar@uaeu.ac.aeAbstract: Over the last decade, biomedical nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable biological properties and diverse applications in biomedicine. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly notable for their wide range of medicinal uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs stand out for their versatility and effectiveness. Recently, ZnO NPs have become a primary material in various sectors, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, antimicrobials, construction, textile, and automotive industries. ZnO NPs can generate reactive oxygen species and induce cellular apoptosis, thus underpinning their potent anticancer and antibacterial properties. To meet the growing demand, numerous synthetic approaches have been developed to produce ZnO NPs. However, traditional manufacturing processes often involve significant economic and environmental costs, prompting a search for more sustainable alternatives. Intriguingly, biological synthesis methods utilizing plants, plant extracts, or microorganisms have emerged as ideal for producing ZnO NPs. These green production techniques offer numerous medicinal, economic, environmental, and health benefits. This review highlights the latest advancements in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their biomedical applications, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the field with eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions.Keywords: antimicrobial, antioxidant, green synthesis, nanomedicine, nanoparticle, zinc oxide

هدف البحث الحالي إلى معرفة دور متطلبات إدارة المعرفة في تحقيق التميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بساحل حضرموت، جرى التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: أنَّ مستوى متطلبات إدارة المعرفة كان مرتفعًا، بمتوسطٍ حسابي (3.81)، ومستوى توافر التميز المؤسسي كان مرتفعًا بمتوسطٍ حسابي (3.92)، ووجود متطلبات إدارة المعرفة والتميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بساحل حضرموت، حيث كانت العلاقة قوية (R=0.850)، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ بين متوسطات إجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة حول العلاقة بين متطلبات إدارة المعرفة والتميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بمحافظة حضرموت، تُعزى للمتغيرات الشخصية والوظيفية (الجنس، المسمى الوظيفي، المستوى التعليمي، سنوات الخدمة)، وبناءً على ما جاء في النتائج، جرى اقتراح عددٍ من التوصيات، أبرزها: إعطاء الوقت الكافي للعامين لمشاركة وتطبيق المعرفة، وإيجاد مساحةٍ كافيةٍ للتفكير والإبداع، والتحوُّل من أنماط العمل الفردي إلى نمط العمل الجماعي في فرق عملٍ ذاتية.

Osteochondromas, the most frequent type of bone tumor, develop from the metaphysis region of bones. Osteochondroma often occurs in bones, however, it is rare when it comes to rib tumors. It is often asymptomatic and observed incidentally.We present a case of a 14-year-old male patient who had been experiencing cough and mild fever for approximately a week. We requested a CXR PA and LAT. It showed a pulmonary nodule measuring 1.5 cm in diameter in the upper segment of the left lower lobe.Taking into account the unclear nature of the diagnosis, we requested CT scan with contrast of the chest to obtain a better view. It showed:The nodule visualized on the CXR corresponded to a posteriorly directed, well-defined lesion arising from the costal cartilage of the third left rib, measuring 1.2 × 1.3 × 1.1 cm, likely representing an osteochondroma.The case we discussed highlights a rib osteochondroma that initially seemed like a pulmonary nodule on an X-ray, pointing out the importance of using CT scans for accurate diagnosis in such cases, and reminding us to consider osteochondroma when we see similar symptoms and to regularly check the tumor with medical imaging after it's been confirmed by a pathological test.

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for buildings that offer ideal ventilation and thermal conditions, particularly in hot-arid regions. Courtyards emerge as pivotal elements facilitating enhanced airflow and utilizing natural energy, resulting in reducing energy consumption in addition to controlling the pressure created by the wind. In response to the motivation of optimizing building performance in the face of harsh environmental challenges, our study aims to investigate how different courtyard orientations affect airflow patterns and ventilation performance in an educational building model located in Cairo and Delta region. The building, designed for the Pre-university education phase by the General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB), as a free-running building. Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations through ANSYS-Fluent software, we performed a parametric analysis testing four different orientations (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°) in the northwest direction to identify the optimal orientation for enhancing ventilation performance. The results consistently indicated that the 0° scenario yielded the best results, followed notably by the 15° scenario which outperformed others by demonstrating superior airflow patterns and pressure differences conducive to enhanced ventilation rates. The 45° scenario was identified as the least favorable result among the four scenarios. These findings provide valuable methodological insights for architects and policymakers seeking to optimize natural ventilation strategies within Egypt's climates.

Wellbore instability has become an increasing concern for horizontal and extended-reach wells, especially through shale cap rocks. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors that led to the wellbore being unstable in the Tanuma Formation, the Nasiriyah oilfield in southern Iraq. By constructing a mechanical earth model using open-hole wireline data from two drilled wells. Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb, and Modified Lade failure criteria are used to analyze the breakouts and determine the density of mud that is required for a safe wellbore wall. The results indicated that the Mogi-Coulomb criterion is more similar to the actual well failure than the other two criteria. The wellbore instability findings showed that the most stable wells are those that are vertical and have a low deviated angle (less than 10°), and it is advised that these wells be drilled with a mud weight of 11.3 to 14 ppg. The acceptable range for the weight of the mud for horizontal and greatly deviated wells is between 11.9 and 13.8 ppg. Consequently, the future wells development plan for the studied region is improved and leads to cost reductions.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية يحتل المرتبة الخامسة بين أنواع السرطان الشائعة في جميع أنحاء العالم. سرطان الجهاز اللمفاوي هو الذي ينشأ من الخلايا التائية أو البائية. ترتبط الأورام اللمفاوية ذات الخلايا البائية الكبيرة المنتشرة بالغالبية العظمى من الأورام اللمفاوية اللاهودجكينية. يمكن أن تؤثر الرناوات الدقيقة غير المشفرة بشكل كبير على التعبير الجيني. يمكن استهداف العديد من الجينات بواسطة واحدة من الرناوات الدقيقة، وبالتالي، تؤثر بشكل كبير على شبكات التعبير الجيني. يمكن أن تعمل الرناوات الدقيقة كجينات مسرطنة أو مثبطات للورم للتحكم في تطور الأورام اللمفاوية في الخلايا البائية الكبيرة. بحثت هذه الدراسة في دور الرناوات الدقيقة في مرضى سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية في الخلايا البائية الكبيرة المنتشرة باستخدام تسلسل الجيل التالي، والذي أظهر الحساسية والدقة والمتانة. طريقة البحث: شملت الدراسة 7 مرضى و3 عناصر تحكم حضروا عيادة أمراض الدم والأورام. تم استخراج الرناوات الدقيقة من عينات الأنسجة الموجودة المضمنة بالفورمالين والمضمنة بالبرافين. تم استخدام تسلسل الجيل التالي (نظام إليومينا) لتسلسل العينات لتحديد ملامح الرناوات الدقيقة. النتائج: أظهرت عينات المرضى العديد من الرناوات الدقيقة مير-هسا (1248، 3607، 21، 142، 1244، 182، 6516، 766، 1291، 4449، و181أ)، في حين أظهرت العينات من الأفراد الأصحاء مير-هسا 14248، 3607، 21، 142 و 877. من المعروف أن مير-هسا-877-3ب يستهدف جينات متعددة، وتتفاعل الرناوات الدقيقة مثل مير-هسا-877-3ب و مير-هسا-1291 و مير-هسا-181أ-5ب في الغالب مع الجينات المستهدفة. الاستنتاجات: تشير ملفات تعريف الرناوات الدقيقة من الأنسجة المنتشرة التي تحتوي على الفورمالين والثابتة والمضمنة بالبرافين لمرضى سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية في الخلايا البائية الكبيرة إلى أن مستويات الرناوات الدقيقة يمكن أن تميز مرضى سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية في الخلايا البائية الكبيرة المنتشرة عند مقارنتها بالضوابط. لذلك يمكن أن تكون بمثابة علامة حيوية تشخيصية أو تنبؤية للأورام اللمفاوية ذات الخلايا البائية الكبيرة المنتشرة. يمكن أيضا أن تكون الجينات المتغيرة و الرناوات الدقيقة أهدافا علاجية محتملة. Abstract: Background: Lymphoma ranks fifth in prevalence among common cancer types worldwide. This lymphatic system cancer arises from T or B cells. Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are associated with most non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) greatly affect gene expression. A single miRNA can target numerous genes, thus largely influencing gene expression networks. MiRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in controlling DLBCL progression. This study investigated the roles of miRNAs in patients with DLBCL through next-generation sequencing, which was found to be sensitive, accurate, and robust. Methods: The study involved seven patients with DLBCLs and three controls at a hematology-oncology clinic. MiRNA was extracted from existing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens. Illumina next-generation sequencing was used to sequence samples for miRNA profiling. Results: Samples from patients showed expression of various hsa-mir miRNAs (1248, 3607, 21, 142, 1244, 182, 6516, 766, 1291, 4449, and 181a), whereas those from healthy individuals showed expression of hsa-mir 1248, 3607, 21, 142, and 877. Hsa-mir-877-3p is known to target multiple genes, and miRNAs such as hsa-mir-877-3p, hsa-mir-1291, and hsa-mir-181a-5p interact primarily with target genes. Conclusions: MiRNA profiling in FFPE tissues from patients with DLBCL suggested that miRNA levels can distinguish patients with DLBCL from controls, and therefore may provide prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers for DLBCL. Altered genes and miRNAs may also be potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract Profiling social media users is an analytical approach to generate an extensive blueprint of user’s personal characteristics, which can be useful for a diverse range of applications, such as targeted marketing and personalized recommendations. Although social user profiling has gained substantial attention in recent years, effectively constructing a collaborative model that could describe long and short-term profiles is still challenging. In this paper, we will discuss the profiling problem from two perspectives; how to mathematically model and track user’s behavior over short and long periods and how to enhance the classification of user’s activities. Using mathematical equations, our model can define periods in which the user's interests abruptly changed. A dataset consisting of 30,000 tweets was built and manually annotated into 10 topic categories. Bi-LSTM and GRU models are applied to classify the user’s activities representing his interests, which then are utilized to create and model the dynamic profile. In addition, the effect of word embedding techniques and pre-trained classification models on the accuracy of the classification process is explored in this research.

Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed,1 Amira Siddig,2 AlHussien Abbashar,3 Mohammed Abbasher,4 Abubaker Alsedig Abbasher,5 Abbasher Hussien,6 Gaffar Alemam A Manhal1 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; 2Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AlNeelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; 3AlYarmouk College, Khartoum, Sudan; 4Faculty of Medicine, AlNeelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; 5Zamzam University College, Khartoum, Sudan; 6Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanCorrespondence: Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan, Tel +249907712134, Email khabab9722@gmail.comAbstract: Bell’s palsy is a lower motor neuron lesion rarely associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccinations. We documented two cases of Bell’s palsy in this report, one after contracting COVID-19 infection and the other after administration of AZD1222 Vaxzervria (AstraZeneca) Vaccine. After excluding all possible causes of Bell’s palsy in both cases, we determined that COVID-19 infection and the AZD1222 Vaxzervria (AstraZeneca) vaccine were the causes. Thus, we believe COVID-19 and the AZD1222 Vaxzervria (AstraZeneca) vaccine should be considered as causes of Bell’s palsy.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 virus, Bell’s palsy, AZD1222 Vaxzervria (AstraZeneca) vaccine, Sudan

Concealing sensitive information inside multimedia is very interesting in secure communication due to its wide application. This study discusses the different difficulties involved in embedding the ciphertext inside video frame without affecting the imperceptibility and the strength resistance against different cyberattacks. The main goal of this study is to suggest a novel technique to conceal encrypted data inside video frames securely. This is done by combining the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) edge detection algorithm and Chacha20 encryption algorithm. LoG facilitates to detect the suitable location inside video frame for concealing data. While ChaCha20 is used to encrypt data before embedding them inside these locations, which augmenting data security. The proposed method involves sequence of steps involving detecting edges inside video frames, determining the suitable edges for concealing data, encrypting data by XORing it with the encryption key which is generated using ChaCha20 algorithm, embedding the encrypted data inside the determined edges, and then reconstruct the video frame to rebuild the video that involves the concealed encrypted data and keeping the lowest level of visual distortion. The experimental results showed that combining these two approaches provide fast, robust, and secure method, which can be seen by evaluating the system using mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, correlation, number of pixels change rate, unified average changing intensity, and entropy, these evaluation metrics provide excellent results. This study suggests a strong and novel method to embed the encrypted data inside video frames which can be employed in secure communication, copyright protection, and data authentication. Merging LoG and ChaCha20 algorithms produce perfect results in both security and visual perception quality, that provides a means for farther achievement in secure data embedding techniques.

In this study, minimizing entropy generation in a horizontal pipe is numerically investigated through two passive techniques: in the first mode, the helical wire inserts in the pipe were placed at three various ratios of pitch ratio. The second mode is adding cupric oxide nanoparticles at various volume concentrations. Experiments were conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 4,000 to 14,000 under a uniform heat flux scenario of 25,000 W/m2. The study utilized the ANSYS 14.5 software, employing the K-omega standard model, which involves three primary governing equations: continuity, momentum, and energy. According to the data, it was determined that the helical wire placed inside the pipe with a small pitch ratio decreased the entropy generation number. Cupric oxide nanoparticles also have a substantial impact on the entropy generation number. The higher volume concentration models had lower entropy generation numbers and Bejan numbers than the other models. Comparative analyses further emphasize the substantial advantages of using cupric oxide nanofluids and helical-wire inserts, with efficiency gains ranging from 5.08 to 11.7%.

Abstract Using recent information and communication technologies for monitoring and management initiates a revolution in the smart grid. These technologies generate massive data that can only be processed using big data tools. This paper emphasizes the role of big data in resolving load forecasting, renewable energy sources integration, and demand response as significant aspects of smart grids. Meters data from the Low Carbon London Project is investigated as a case study. Because of the immense stream of meters' readings and exogenous data added to load forecasting models, addressing the problem is in the context of big data. Descriptive analytics are developed using Spark SQL to get insights regarding household energy consumption. Spark MLlib is utilized for predictive analytics by building scalable machine learning models accommodating meters' data streams. Multivariate polynomial regression and decision tree models are preferred here based on the big data point of view and the literature that ensures they are accurate and interpretable. The results confirmed the descriptive analytics and data visualization capabilities to provide valuable insights, guide the feature selection process, and enhance load forecasting models' accuracy. Accordingly, proper evaluation of demand response programs and integration of renewable energy resources is accomplished using achieved load forecasting results.

In this study, the energy loss, range, and stopping time were calculated using the Bethe theory for protons in germanium and copper materials over an energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV. The mathematical equations were programmed and implemented using MATLAB2013 to obtain the results for the relative mass stopping power and range, illustrated in tables and graphs. The computed results from the Bethe and Ziegler equations were compared with the experimental results from Pstar. The results showed a difference between the experimental and theoretical results at the beginning of the range used in the Bethe equation because it is a quantized equation that is not suitable for low energies. Hence, a correction term was proposed for the Bethe equation to correct the results at low energies, which produced negative values. On the other hand, the Ziegler equation showed good agreement along the range used as it is a semi-empirical equation. The range and stopping time of the incident particle increased with increasing incident particle energy in the mentioned materials.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize cytopathology by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. However, the implementation of AI in this field presents significant challenges and opportunities. This review paper explores the current landscape of AI applications in cytopathology, highlighting the critical challenges, including data quality and availability, algorithm development, integration and standardization, and clinical validation. We discuss challenges such as the limitation of only one optical section and z-stack scanning, the complexities associated with acquiring high-quality labeled data, the intricacies of developing robust and generalizable AI models, and the difficulties in integrating AI tools into existing laboratory workflows. The review also identifies substantial opportunities that AI brings to cytopathology. These include the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy through enhanced detection capabilities and consistent, reproducible results, which can reduce observer variability. AI-driven automation of routine tasks can significantly increase efficiency, allowing cytopathologists to focus on more complex analyses. Furthermore, AI can serve as a valuable educational tool, augmenting the training of cytopathologists and facilitating global health initiatives by making high-quality diagnostics accessible in resource-limited settings. The review underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to harness the full potential of AI in cytopathology, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.

This paper introduces a new identity involving fractal–fractional integrals, which allow us to derive several new Bullen-type inequalities via generalized convexity. This study provides a significant advancement in the area of fractal–fractional inequalities, presenting a range of results not only for fractional integrals and fractal calculus, but also offering a refinement of the well-known Bullen-type inequality. We further explore the connections between generalized convexity and fractal–fractional integrals, showing how the concept of generalized convexity enables the establishment of error bounds for fractal–fractional integrals involving lower-order derivatives, with an emphasis on their applications in various fields. The findings expand the current understanding of fractal–fractional inequalities and offer new insights into the use of local fractional derivatives for analyzing functions with fractional-order properties.

This paper explores a significant fractional model, which is the fractional Lakshamanan–Porsezian–Daniel (FLPD) model, widely used in various fields like nonlinear optics and plasma physics. An advanced analytical solution for it is attained by the Φ6 technique. According to this methodology, effective and accurate solutions for wave structures within various types can be produced in the FLPD model framework. Solutions such as dark, bright, singular, periodic, and plane waves are studied in detail to identify their stability and behavior. Validations are also brought forward to assess the precision and flexibility of the Φ6 technique in modeling fractional models. Therefore, it is established in this study that the Φ6 technique represents a powerful tool for examining wave patterns in differential fractional order models.

Many real-world phenomena exhibit multi-step behavior, demanding mathematical models capable of capturing complex interactions between distinct processes. While fractional-order models have been successfully applied to various systems, their inherent smoothness often limits their ability to accurately represent systems with discontinuous changes or abrupt transitions. This paper introduces a novel framework for analyzing nonlinear fractional evolution control systems using piecewise hybrid derivatives with respect to a nondecreasing function W(ι). Building upon the theoretical foundations of piecewise hybrid derivatives, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and Hyers–Ulam stability of solutions, leveraging topological degree theory and functional analysis. Our results significantly improve upon existing theoretical understanding by providing less restrictive conditions for stability compared with standard fixed-point theorems. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of our framework through a simulation of breast cancer disease dynamics, illustrating the impact of piecewise hybrid derivatives on the model’s behavior and highlighting advantages over traditional modeling approaches that fail to capture the multi-step nature of the disease. This research provides robust modeling and analysis tools for systems exhibiting multi-step behavior across diverse fields, including engineering, physics, and biology.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring protocols have been developed because patients taking atypical antipsychotics are more prone to developing metabolic syndrome, which leads to possible increased mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of adherence to the recommendations of metabolic syndrome monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in two large psychiatric facilities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 350 patients taking antipsychotic medications was done, and an assessment was made of the frequency of metabolic monitoring at each of the intervals as suggested by the American Diabetes Association. Data was analyzed using SPSS; descriptive statistics. were computed and Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance for association between categorical variable. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34.9 ± 18 years; 64.6% were males. Olanzapine was the most prescribed medication (43.7%, n = 153), followed by quetiapine (17.4%, n = 61). Only one-third of the patients (29.6%) completed all the baseline parameters. Documentation of baseline parameters was low for glucose level (38.9%), lipid panel (17.3%), weight (25.2%), and waist circumference (1.4%). Adherence to yearly monitoring was much lower than at baseline (mean percentage: 29.6% vs. 1.7%). Furthermore, 45% of the patients were classified as obese and 10% had metabolic comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Individuals with mental illness who were taking antipsychotics did not undergo proper metabolic screening during antipsychotic treatment. Barriers to adherence to the monitoring guidelines should be examined and addressed. Giving assistance to practitioners to recall the required laboratory tests and vitals at certain intervals could help improve metabolic monitoring practices.

Penconazole (PEN) is a widely applied triazole fungicide. This study sought to define the efficacy of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in mitigating PEN-triggered hepatorenal toxicity in rats.

Background: Libyan wetlands are diverse; the coastline of Libya in particular has different kinds of wetlands such as salt marshes, bays, lakes, lagoons and islands. These varieties in habitats provide good shelters and foraging sites for migratory birds during their journeys between Eurasia and Africa. Since the beginning of the Libyan winter census of waterbirds (Libya IWC) in 2005 which continued regularly until 2012, it had relatively the same performance in the number of covered sites. Since 2013, due to the security situation that Libya has experienced as a result of wars and conflict which negatively affected the quality of the IWC in Libya, the number of sites has dramatically decreased, reaching only 6 sites during the middle of the previous decade. Aim: The IWC 2022 aimed to counting the birds along the Libyan coast from January 10 to 29. Methods: The census activities were conducted from the dawn to dusk along the period of the study, by using high quality Telescopes, binoculars and digital cameras for the documentation. Point transects method was used to cover the sites. Results: The results of this year showed that a total of 64 sites were covered, 68 species of waterbirds were counted, with an abundance of 61,850 individuals. During the census period, a total of 52 non-waterbirds species found in Wetlands were recorded, and the number of individuals was 14,836 birds. A total of 18 threatened species were observed during this survey, 12 of them are mentioned in the IUCN Red-list, and 9 species are mentioned in the RAC/SPA annex II as threatened in the Mediterranean, where the species; Larus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826), Larus genei (Breme, 1839) and Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827) are mentioned in both of them. Conclusion: The lack of the number of Ornithologists and bird watchers is still one of the factors affecting the quality of the IWC in Libya, as well as lack of funding remains an important factor that plays a major role in the success of the waterbirds census. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(4.000): 407-418]

Abstract Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a promising therapeutic target, can be mutated, amplified, or overexpressed in different malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although these alterations showed adverse prognostic effects in many cancers, their clinical significance in NSCLC is controversial. This study primarily assessed the prevalence of HER2 protein expression in NSCLC among Jordanian patients. In addition, the possible association between HER2 protein expression and clinicopathological variables was evaluated. Methods A total of 100 surgically resected NSCLC cases treated at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) between 2009 and 2021 were examined for HER2 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines for breast cancer were applied to interpret the results with a final score ranging from 0 to 3+, considering a score of 3 + as overexpression. Additionally, a separate subset of patients was tested for HER2 gene mutation. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the association between HER2 scores and the other variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Results Of the 100 cases, Her2 overexpression (score 3+) was detected in 2 cases (2%), score 2 + in 10 cases (10%), score 1 + in 12 cases (12%), and score 0 in 76 cases (76%). The two positive cases were one adenocarcinoma and one squamous cell carcinoma; both patients were elderly male smokers. No significant association was identified between Her2 expression and age, gender, smoking, histological subtype, grade, stage, tumor size, and lymph node status. Our findings also showed no association between Her2 expression and survival; however, advanced tumor stages and positive lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with poor overall survival. All cases tested for the Her2 mutation were negative. Conclusions Her2 overexpression is uncommon in NSCLC among the Jordanian population. However, when the same scoring criteria are used, the rates are similar to other results found in Asian cohorts. Due to our study’s relatively small sample size, a larger one is required to investigate the prognostic value and the molecular associations between the different Her2 alterations.

{AR} يتناول هذا البحث، دراسة خمسة أقماع جنائزية تُنشر لأول مرة كانت مصنوعة من الطين المحروق ، خشنة الصنع متوسطة الصلابة، بحالات مختلفة من الحفظ، بعضها جيد وبعضها مكسور ويحتاج إلى ترميم، عُثر عليها كحرز وليس عن طريق حفائر أو مسح أثري في القضية رقم (387) لسنة 1988م جنح قسم الأقصر، وظلت محرَّزة ومحفوظة في المخزن المتحفي بأبي الجود بالأقصر، حتى تم فض هذه الأحراز طبقًا للقرار رقم (2616) بتاريخ 8/6/2020م، وهي محفوظة حاليًا تحت أرقام 344/1، 344/2، 344/3، 344/4، 344/5، وهذه الأقماع لم يتم دراستها ونشرها من قبل، وجميعها لشخص واحد يُدعى (جحوتي نفر) +Hwty nfr ، وهو في الغالب صاحب المقبرة رقم TT 104، والذي كان يحمل لقب (كاتب الملك) (امنحتب الثاني) في عصر الأسرة الثامنة عشرة، ومدون على هذه الأقماع ثلاثة أسطر هيروغليفية، تحتوي على اسم ولقب صاحب الأقماع، وتستهدف الدراسة نشر هذه الأقماع ونسخ نصوصها الهيروغليفية وترجمتها، والتعليق الخطي واللغوي عليها، مع توضيح علاقة المقبرة رقم TT 104 بالأقماع موضع الدراسة. {EN} This research tackles five funerary cones that will be published for the first time. They were formed of burnt clay, rough-made of medium hardness, with different degrees of preservation; some were good, and some were broken and needed restoration. They were not found by excavations or archaeological surveys. Nonetheless, they were scored in Luxor case No. (387) of the year 1988. Then, they were placed in Abu Elgood museum storage until being discharged by declaration No. (2616) on August 6, 2020. These are the inventory numbers they currently have 344/1, 344/2, 344/3, 344/4, and 344/5. All these cones belong to one person named Thutnefer; he may be the owner of tomb number TT 104, who held the title of the royal scribe of king Amenhotep II in the 18th dynasty. These cones are inscribed with the owner's name and title in three hieroglyphic lines. In this study, the hieroglyphic texts are intended to be published, copied, translated, and commented. Then the author will explain the relationship between tomb No TT 104 and the studied cones.

This paper presents an analytical study of signal clipping that leads to the noise/distortion in the waveform of DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM)-based visible light communication (VLC) systems. The pilot-assisted (PA) technique is used to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the time-domain waveform of the DCO-OFDM system. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the PA DCO-OFDM system is investigated analytically at three different clipping levels as well as without any clipping. The analytical BER performance is verified through simulation and then compared to that of the conventional DCO-OFDM without PAPR reduction at the selected clipping levels. The PA DCO-OFDM system shows improved BER performance at all three clipping levels.

Abstract Background Climate change has perverse effects on the natural resource base and agricultural productivity, negatively affecting the well-being of households and communities. There are various attempts by the government and NGOs to promote climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices to help farmers adapt to and mitigate these negative impacts. This study aimed to identify CSA practices widely adopted in the study area and examined their impacts on rural farm households’ food security and multidimensional poverty. A three-stage proportional to size sampling procedure was followed to select four districts out of nine districts, and 278 households were randomly selected from two kebeles from each district. A cross-sectional data of the 2020–2021 cropping season were collected using a structured and pretested survey questionnaire. The food consumption score, dietary diversity score, food insecurity experience scale, and multidimensional poverty index, constructed out of 9 indicators, were used to assess households’ food security and poverty status, respectively. A multinomial endogenous switching regression model was used to assess average treatment effects on these outcome indicators. Results Widely adopted CSA practices are conservation agriculture, soil fertility management, crop diversification, and small-scale irrigation. The results illustrated that adopter households on average showed more food consumption score, dietary diversity score, and less food insecurity experience scale than non-adopters. The results also showed that CSA adopter households, on average, have a low deprivation score in multidimensional poverty than non-adopter households. Accelerating wider adoption of CSA through up-scaling incentives is quite important. Conclusion This study showed that CSA adoption improves households’ food security and reduces multidimensional poverty. We conclude that up-scaling of CSA practices is important for contributing to the achievement of SDG1, SDG2 and SDG13 targets.

Vertebrate fossils/remains became recently significant in various study fields for determining the ecological biodiversity. However, with the great abundance of fossils/remains and their classes, there is a difficulty in identifying and detecting these classes. Hence, in this paper, an accurate machine learning classification technique is presented to differentiate automatically some types of 3D vertebrate remain images. A computed tomography (CT) scanner is utilized to construct a dataset of 3D images of some vertebrate remains found in Egypt. Adaptive enhancement and segmentation processes are applied to the dataset. The different selected geometric features are then extracted. Thus, the extracted features are classified using suitable machine learning classifiers (SVM, KNN, DTs). The automatic detection for the remains class, according to the extracted features, is obtained using the confusion matrix for the training and testing data points and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results confirmed an accurate technique with high performance.

This research aimed to assess the influences of bentonite (BN) and zeolite (ZE) on reducing toxic influences of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broilers by examining growth performance, carcase characteristics, serum indices, ileum morphology, apparent nutrient digestibility, and liver AFB1 residues. In total, 360 11-d-old straight-run broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 6 dietary treatments, with 10 replications of 6 birds each, in a 20-d experiment. The treatments were as follows: standard basal diet (negative control, NC); NC + 0.25 mg/kg AFB1 (positive control, PC); NC + 0.4% BN; NC + 0.4% ZE; PC + 0.4% BN; PC + 0.4% ZE. Compared to the NC diet, feeding the PC diet decreased daily feed intake (DFI) during the grower and overall periods (p

A sequence of novel 2-(4-benzoyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-N-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-azetidin-1-yl)-acetamide analogues 9(a–n) were synthesized by multistep synthesis. The newly synthesized compounds were well characterized, and their antimicrobial activities were carried out by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Further, all the novel series of compounds (9a–n), were tested against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains in comparison to Ketoconazole, Chloramphenicol, and Amoxicillin as standard drugs, respectively. Compounds 9a, 9e, and 9g as a lead molecule demonstrated a good inhibition against tested strains. Further, molecular docking studies have been performed for the potent compounds to check the three-dimensional geometrical view of the ligand binding to the targeted proteins.

Due to its importance in physics and applied mathematics, the non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems witnessed massive attention since 1960. A powerful Mathematical technique called the Newton-Kantorovich method is applied in this work to one of the non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this technique of Newton-Kantorovich has never been applied before to solve the non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems under consideration. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to show that this important specific kind of non-linear Sturm-Liouville differential equations problems can be solved by applying the well-known Newton-Kantorovich method. Also, to show the efficiency of applying this method to solve these problems, a comparison is made in this paper between the Newton-Kantorovich method and the Adomian decomposition method applied to the same non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems under consideration in this work. As a result of this comparison, the results of the Newton-Kantorovich method agreed with the results obtained by applying Adomian’s decomposition method.

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.

Background and Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) was previously investigated in lung cancer with wide inter-geographic discrepancies. p16INK4a has been used as a surrogate for detecting high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) in some cancer types. This study assessed the evidence of HPV in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among Jordanian patients, investigated the expression of p16INK4a, and evaluated its prognostic value and association with HPV status. Materials and Methods: The archived samples of 100 patients were used. HPV DNA detection was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). p16INK4a expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer protocol (AJCC) of head and neck cancer criteria were applied to evaluate p16INK4a positivity considering a moderate/strong nuclear/cytoplasmic expression intensity with a distribution in ≥75% of cells as positive. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 5% of NSCLC cases. Three positive cases showed HR-HPV subtypes (16, 18, 52), and two cases showed the probable HR-HPV 26 subtype. p16INK4a expression was positive in 20 (20%) NSCLC cases. None of the HPV-positive tumors were positive for p16INK4a expression. A statistically significant association was identified between p16INK4a expression and the pathological stage (p = 0.029) but not with other variables. No survival impact of p16INK4a expression was detected in NSCLC cases as a group; however, it showed a statistically significant association with overall survival (OS) in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cases (p = 0.033). Conclusions: This is the first study to assess HPV and p16INK4a expression in a Jordanian population. HPV positivity is rare in NSCLC among a Jordanian subpopulation. P16 INK4a reliability as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in lung cancer must be revisited.

Abstract Background Little is known about gender disparity among medical undergraduates in the developing world. Therefore, this study aims to explore the attitudes and perceived barriers among Jordanian medical students, particularly women. Methods An online, self-administered questionnaire, developed after an extensive literature review, was disseminated across all six Jordanian medical schools targeting more than 5000 medical students. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to document mean differences among different groups. Linear and logistic regression models were used to find predictors of publication and number of publications. Results A total of 636 students participated in the survey with a women to men ratio of 1.1. Women medical students report significantly higher knowledge (t(634) = 2.47, p = 0.013), personal (t(634) = 3.31, p = 0.001), and total barriers scores than men (t(634) = 3.02, p = 0.003). Moreover, compared to men, women were less likely to find same-sex mentorship (t(634) = 3.18, p = 0.001) or receive credited authorship (t(634) = 2.12, p = 0.011). Overall, women medical students were more likely to perceive that their gender (t(634) = 3.58, p

Abstract Background Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are more likely to develop severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and experience increased risk of mortality compared to SARS-CoV-2 patients without CRC. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patients and analyse the demographic parameters, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in CRC patients with COVID-19 illness. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Proquest, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature for studies on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patients, published from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, with English language restriction. Effect sizes of prevalence were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sub-group analyses were performed to minimize heterogeneity. Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the effect of various demographic and clinical characteristics on patient’s final treatment outcome (survival or death). Results Of the 472 papers that were identified, 69 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (41 cohort, 16 case-report, 9 case-series, 2 cross-sectional, and 1 case-control studies). Studies involving 3362 CRC patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (all patients were adults) were analyzed. The overall pooled proportions of CRC patients who had laboratory-confirmed community-acquired and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were 8.1% (95% CI 6.1 to 10.1, n = 1308, 24 studies, I 2 98%, p = 0.66), and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9, n = 472, 27 studies, I 2 94%, p

Medical images play a crucial role in the classification of various diseases and conditions. One of the imaging modalities is X-rays which provide valuable visual information that helps in the identification and characterization of various medical conditions. Chest radiograph (CXR) images have long been used to examine and monitor numerous lung disorders, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, atelectasis, and hernia. COVID-19 detection can be accomplished using CXR images as well. COVID-19, a virus that causes infections in the lungs and the airways of the upper respiratory tract, was first discovered in 2019 in Wuhan Province, China, and has since been thought to cause substantial airway damage, badly impacting the lungs of affected persons. The virus was swiftly gone viral around the world and a lot of fatalities and cases growing were recorded on a daily basis. CXR can be used to monitor the effects of COVID-19 on lung tissue. This study examines a comparison analysis of k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), and Support-Vector Machine (SVM) are some classification approaches for feature selection in this domain using The Moth-Flame Optimization algorithm (MFO), The Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm (GWO), and The Glowworm Swarm Optimization algorithm (GSO). For this study, researchers employed a data set consisting of two sets as follows: 9,544 2D X-ray images, which were classified into two sets utilizing validated tests: 5,500 images of healthy lungs and 4,044 images of lungs with COVID-19. The second set includes 800 images, 400 of healthy lungs and 400 of lungs affected with COVID-19. Each image has been resized to 200x200 pixels. Precision, recall, and the F1-score were among the quantitative evaluation criteria used in this study.

In 2017, ScanPyramids project (www.scanpyramids.org) published a paper in Nature (Morishima et al., 2017) revealing the discovery of a big void (ScanPyramids Big Void BV) observed with nuclear emulsion films (Muography), it has a cross-section similar to that of the Grand Gallery and a minimum length of 30 meters situated above the Grand Gallery. In addition, a geometrically non-identified void in the Northern Face of the Pyramid (ScanPyramids Northern Face Corridor SP-NFC) was detected as well in 2017 followed by further detailed and focused muography measurements up to 2022 (Morishima and Procureur et al., 2023). ScanPyramids SP-NFC corridor has been investigated in more detail with a wider set of non-destructive techniques. The result of GPR, Ultrasonic and image fusion detected precisely the location and shape of ScanPyramids SP-NFC (Elkarmoty and Rupfle et al.,2023). In this paper, we present overview on the application of Muography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Ultrasonic Tomography, and Electrical Resistivity Tomography on the Chevron of the Great Pyramid where ScanPyramids SPNFC is located behind. The objective of the NDT measurements is to detect the geometry, location, orientation, and extension of ScanPyramids SP-NFC with more than one NDT method. The paper addresses the validity and limitations of each method used providing the limitations of each technique in this particular case study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of the elderly in the Western world, but its characteristics are changing globally. Iraq does not have a well established CRC screening program. Understanding trends of CRC incidence, fatality and the clinical features of CRC patients is vital to the design of effective public health measures; public awareness, screening, diagnosis and treatment strategies to meet the future demands. OBJECTIVES: Determine trends in demography, incidence proportion, mortality, topography (primary tumor site) and morphology (histology) over two decades. DESIGN: Registry-based study SETTING: Iraqi National Cancer Registry (INCR) database PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from CRC patients obtained from the INCR to calculate incidence and mortality proportion per 100 000 population for the period from 2000 to 2019. In addition to estimation, data were examined by anatomic location and morphological type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in the incidence and mortality proportion, topography and morphology of CRC over 20 years. SAMPLE SIZE: 20 880 CRC patients ranging in age from 14-80 years. RESULTS: The overall (males and females) CRC incidence proportion (CIP) increased from 2.28 to 6.18 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 5.11%. The incidence proportion (IP) of CRC in patients from 20 to

Jordan is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. The country’s renewable water supply currently only meets about half of the population’s water demands. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the level of heavy metals found in pharmaceutical wastewater from Al-Hikma Drugs Industry using palm fronds - Washingtonia Robusta (PF-WR) as organic adsorbents. Removal of heavy metals, turbidity, chemical, and biological oxygen demand, and suspended solids from industrial water using bioadsorbent materials was studied. Increasing the concentration of PFWR increased the removal efficiency. The optimum reductions of Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, Al, Na, COD, BOD, and turbidity were 64.29 %, 90.35 %, 61.75 %, 62.6 %, 60.60 %, 34.09 %, 10.09 %, 85.26 %, 87.41 %, and 78 %, respectively, were achieved by increasing the PF-WR concentration to 100 %. The removal efficiency was found to be concentration-dependent of PF-WR. The lowest reduction was achieved by sodium and pH.

Abstract Climate change is causing serious challenges for smallholder farm households, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. The overarching objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to estimate household resilience and vulnerability indices, (ii) identify factors that explain these indices and (iii) to examine the impact of climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) on households’ resilience and vulnerability, and (iv) to identify which CSA package performs better in enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability. For this study, 278 farm households from 4 districts and 8 kebeles from the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia were randomly selected using a three‐stage proportional to size sampling procedure. Cross‐sectional data applying a structured and pretested survey questionnaire was collected for 2020/21 production season. Household resilience and vulnerability indices were estimated using resilience index and measurement analysis and indicators approaches, respectively. Multinomial endogenous switching regression was used to estimate the average treatment effects (ATEs) of the adoption of CSA practices on households’ resilience and vulnerability. The results show that livestock holding, land size, level of education, and state of food consumption are major explaining factors of resilience, whereas educational level of households, livestock holding, and access to credit are found to be major factors explaining vulnerability. The estimated ATEs indicate that households which adopted more diversified combinations of CSA packages were more resilient and less vulnerable than non‐adopter households. The impacts of soil fertility management and conservation agriculture practices have better performance in improving resilience, whereas conservation agriculture and small‐scale irrigation performed better in reducing the vulnerability of rural households in CRV. Boosting resilience and reducing vulnerability, hence, requires scaling up CSA among smallholder farmers by diversifying and raising farm households’ income, educational status, and livestock holding.

In this paper, the impact of the non-linearity of the propagation medium on the extended $\eta $ - $\mu $ fading distribution is studied. In particular, the extended $\alpha $ - $\eta $ - $\mu $ fading model in which the parameter $\alpha $ represents the non-linearity of the propagation environment is presented via providing the exact and asymptotic of the statistical properties, namely, the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), and generalized-moment generating function (G-MGF). To this effect, exact closed-form mathematically tractable expressions of the outage probability (OP), average symbol error probability (ASEP), amount of fading (AoF), channel quality estimation index (CQEI) and effective rate (ER) are obtained. The asymptotic behaviour at high average signal-to-noise (SNR) values is also analysed to gain further insights into the influence of the index $\alpha $ on the performance metrics of the wireless communication systems. Moreover, the average channel capacity (ACC) under different adaptive transmission techniques, such as, optimum rate and adaptation (ORA), capacity of the channel with inversion and fixed rate (CIFR), and truncated inversion and fixed rate (TIFR) are derived. The validation of the derived expressions is verified via comparing the numerical results with the Monte-Carlo simulations as well as some previous works for different scenarios.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide used worldwide, either alone or in combination with other pesticides. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of IMI on the central nervous system of rats and its mechanism of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Fifteen male rats, divided into three groups, were used: the first group received 5 ml/kg body weight corn oil as a control, the second received a high oral dose of IMI (45 mg/kg body weight), while the third received a low dose (22 mg/kg body weight). After 28 days, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histopathological alterations, and DNA damage were examined in the brains of these rats. The AChE activities decreased significantly after IMI exposure, reaching 2.45 and 2.75 nmol/min/mg protein in high dose and low dose, respectively, compared to the control group (3.75 nmol/g tissues), while the concentration of malondialdehyde MDA increased significantly (29.28 and 23.92 nmol/g tissues) vs. the control group (19.28 nmol/g tissues). The antioxidant status parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH) content was 13.77 and 17.63 nmol/g, catalase (CAT) activity was 22.56 and 26.65 µmol/min/g, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 6.66 and 7.23 µmol/min/g in both doses against the control group (21.37 nmol/g, 30.67 µmol/min/g, 11.76 µmol/min/g), respectively, and histopathological changes in the brain tissues were observed. More in vivo research using epigenetic methods is needed to determine the ability of IMI and its metabolites to cause neurotoxicity and DNA lesions in mammalian brains.

Abstract In this letter, probability density function (PDF) of the sum and maximum of non‐identical fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) variates are derived in terms of the power and exponential functions. To this effect, novel mathematically tractable expressions of the outage probability (OP) and average bit error probability (ABEP) for both the maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity receptions are provided. The numerical results are affirmed by the Monte‐Carlo simulations for different scenarios.

Abstract The fading scenario of many realistic wireless communication transmission systems, such as, multi‐hop communications and spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), can be modelled by the product and the ratio of the product of the random variables (RVs) of the channel distribution. However, there is no work has been investigated in the literature to provide unified statistics of the product and the ratio of the products that can be used for a wide range of non‐composite and composite fading conditions. Accordingly, in this paper, the statistical properties, namely, probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), and moment generating function (MGF) of the product and the ratio of the product of independent and non‐identically distributed (i.n.d.) mixture Gamma (MG) RVs are derived. A MG distribution has been widely employed to approximate with high accuracy most of the conventional fading models, for example, Rayleigh, Nakagami‐m, Nakagami‐q (Hoyt), and Nakagami‐n (Rician) as well as the generalised composite fading channels, such as, generalised‐K(KG),α−μ/gamma, κ−μ/gamma, and η−μ/gamma. Hence, the derived PDF, CDF, and MGF are utilized for the Beaulieu–Xie and α−λ−η−μ shadowed fading channels that have not been yet presented by the previous works due to mathematical intractability of their statistics. Thus, the equivalent parameters of a MG distribution for these channels are given. To this end, simple closed‐form mathematically tractable expressions of the performance metrics are obtained. The derived statistics are applied to analyse the outage probability (OP), the average error probability for different modulation schemes, the effective rate (ER) of wireless communication systems and the average area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve of energy detection over cascaded fading channels. Moreover, the OP of the multi‐hop communications systems with co‐channel interference (CCI), both the lower bound of secure OP (SOPL) and probability of non‐zero secrecy capacity (PNSC) of the physical layer security (PLS), and the outage and delay‐limited capacities of CRNs are studied via using the statistics of the ratio of the product of MG variates. A comparison between the numerical results and the Monte Carlo simulations is presented to verify the validation of our analysis.

Abstract Nanostructured ZrO2‐based materials with their biocompatibility, excellent electrical, and surface charge properties became one of the best candidates for the electrochemical sensing applications. Here, synthesis of Zr1‐xCuxLaxO2 compounds was achieved in nanoscale and fully characterized using XRD, TEM, DRS, and cyclic voltammetry. A mixture of monoclinic and cubic phases was detected for the undoped ZrO2 (Z sample, x = 0). For the Cu‐doped compounds, (ZFW1, x = 0.05 and ZFW2, x = 0.1), a combination of cubic fluorite and monoclinic phase were detected. The intensity of the monoclinic phase for the Cu‐doped was higher than that of the undoped ZrO2 sample. Cu and La co‐doped samples (ZL1C1, x = 0.05 and ZL2C2, x = 0.1) were stabilized in a single cubic phase structure. Therefore, their band gap dropped from (4.8 eV) for the undoped ZrO2 to (1.49 eV) for the ZL1C1 sample and (2 eV) for the ZL2C2 sample. Voltammetric sensing of neurotransmitter metabolites (vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA)) was achieved using the modified electrodes due to their acquired high electrocatalytic and high electrochemical performance.

Pigeon coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp; a protozoan parasite which limits birds’ productivity by causing severe illness. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of coccidiosis on domestic pigeon in Libya. Intestinal contents of 100 pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) were collected within a period of five months; January to May 2020. The intestinal content was examined to detect of coccidian oocysts infection on the randomly selected birds. A total of 100 faecal samples were investigated with two methods;Willis-Schaafs (qualitative) and McMaster’s (quantitative). The results obtained showed that the number of infected Pigeons was 72 pigeons (72%) of the total number of Pigeons. The prevalence was higher in female than that of males, where the total of infected females was 50 (69.4 %) and infected males was 22 (30.6%). The results showed that the highest incidence of Eimeria labbeana was observed in the young pigeons than that of adults, where the total number of young pigeons was 66 (91.7 %), and adult pigeon was 6 (8.3 %).

The study was carried out in order to determine the degree of genetic kinship among fifteen barley genotypes using SSR technique with 14 pairs of primers. The study showed that, all the primers gave amplification products and showed polymorphism between the studied genotypes. The total number of alleles was 19, with an average of 1.35, and the number of polymorphic alleles was 19, the percentage of polymorphism was 100%. The number of total and polymorphic alleles ranged between one allele as the lowest value for primers (Bmac0209, Bmac0067, Bmag0225, Bmag012, Bmag0394, Bmag0353, Bmag0206, Bmac0031, GBM1362, EBmac0603) and three alleles as the highest value for the primer Bmag0006. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for each primer ranged from 0.32 (Bmac0209, Bmag0225) as the lowest value, to 0.721 (Bmag0385) as the highest value, and average PIC value was 0.446. The highest value of the percent agreement values (PAV) matrix was about 0.909, between Furat 7 and Mohsen White cultivars, which indicate the present of a high degree of genetic kinship, followed by the Furat 5 and Asowad Arabic (0.863), while the lowest value was 0.318 between H10 and Furat 4, indicating a great genetic variation between them. The previous results were in agreement with the genetic kinship analysis and cluster analysis which showed a high degree of genetic similarity between Furat 7 and Mohsen White, followed by Furat 5 and Asowad Arabic.

In this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 , 1-5 , 5-10 and 10-15 years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray machines, the ESD increases with age. The lowest recorded radiation dose was from hospital 1 machine 2. In this facility ESD ranged from 19.93 µGy to 67.66 µGy for chest X-ray, from 39.03 µGy to 82.63 µGy for abdomen (AP), and from 35.47 µGy to 94.27 µGy for skull (AP). In contrast the highest dose levels are recorded from hospital 2 machine 1; the minimum ESD for chest X-ray is 247.51 µGy and the maximum is 2393.12 µGy; for abdomen X-ray the lowest ESD is 269.05 µGy and the highest value is 5106.15 µGy; and for skull X-ray minimum values is 430.96 µGy and the maximum value is 3072.77 µGy. In conclusion, for the considered pediatrics examinations, most of ESD values are within the international acceptable level and some are higher >100% .