Search

Your search keyword '"Hutchings, Jennifer K."' showing total 142 results
Start Over Author "Hutchings, Jennifer K."
142 results on '"Hutchings, Jennifer K."'

1. Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC

Author

Cox, Christopher J., Gallagher, Michael R., Shupe, Matthew D., Persson, P. Ola G., Solomon, Amy, Fairall, Christopher W., Ayers, Thomas, Blomquist, Byron, Brooks, Ian M., Costa, Dave, Grachev, Andrey, Gottas, Daniel, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Kutchenreiter, Mark, Leach, Jesse, Morris, Sara M., Morris, Victor, Osborn, Jackson, Pezoa, Sergio, Preußer, Andreas, Riihimaki, Laura D., and Uttal, Taneil

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. The MOSAiC Distributed Network: Observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, Cox, Christopher J, Fang, Ying-Chih, Goessling, Helge, Granskog, Mats A, Hoppmann, Mario, Hutchings, Jennifer K, Krumpen, Thomas, Kuznetsov, Ivan, Lei, Ruibo, Li, Tao, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Don, Persson, Ola, Regnery, Julia, Rigor, Ignatius, Shupe, Matthew D, Sokolov, Vladimir, Spreen, Gunnar, Stanton, Tim, Watkins, Daniel M, Blockley, Ed, Buenger, H Jakob, Cole, Sylvia, Fong, Allison, Haapala, Jari, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppe, Clara JM, Janout, Markus, Jutila, Arttu, Katlein, Christian, Krishfield, Richard, Lin, Long, Ludwig, Valentin, Morgenstern, Anne, O’Brien, Jeff, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, Rackow, Thomas, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rohde, Jan, Shaw, William, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Solomon, Amy, Sperling, Anneke, Tao, Ran, Toole, John, Tsamados, Michel, Zhu, Jialiang, Zuo, Guangyu, Rabe, Benjamin, Cox, Christopher J, Fang, Ying-Chih, Goessling, Helge, Granskog, Mats A, Hoppmann, Mario, Hutchings, Jennifer K, Krumpen, Thomas, Kuznetsov, Ivan, Lei, Ruibo, Li, Tao, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Don, Persson, Ola, Regnery, Julia, Rigor, Ignatius, Shupe, Matthew D, Sokolov, Vladimir, Spreen, Gunnar, Stanton, Tim, Watkins, Daniel M, Blockley, Ed, Buenger, H Jakob, Cole, Sylvia, Fong, Allison, Haapala, Jari, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppe, Clara JM, Janout, Markus, Jutila, Arttu, Katlein, Christian, Krishfield, Richard, Lin, Long, Ludwig, Valentin, Morgenstern, Anne, O’Brien, Jeff, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, Rackow, Thomas, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rohde, Jan, Shaw, William, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Solomon, Amy, Sperling, Anneke, Tao, Ran, Toole, John, Tsamados, Michel, Zhu, Jialiang, and Zuo, Guangyu

Abstract

Central Arctic properties and processes are important to the regional and global coupled climate system. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network (DN) of autonomous ice-tethered systems aimed to bridge gaps in our understanding of temporal and spatial scales, in particular with respect to the resolution of Earth system models. By characterizing variability around local measurements made at a Central Observatory, the DN covers both the coupled system interactions involving the ocean-ice-atmosphere interfaces as well as three-dimensional processes in the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The more than 200 autonomous instruments (“buoys”) were of varying complexity and set up at different sites mostly within 50 km of the Central Observatory. During an exemplary midwinter month, the DN observations captured the spatial variability of atmospheric processes on sub-monthly time scales, but less so for monthly means. They show significant variability in snow depth and ice thickness, and provide a temporally and spatially resolved characterization of ice motion and deformation, showing coherency at the DN scale but less at smaller spatial scales. Ocean data show the background gradient across the DN as well as spatially dependent time variability due to local mixed layer sub-mesoscale and mesoscale processes, influenced by a variable ice cover. The second case (May–June 2020) illustrates the utility of the DN during the absence of manually obtained data by providing continuity of physical and biological observations during this key transitional period. We show examples of synergies between the extensive MOSAiC remote sensing observations and numerical modeling, such as estimating the skill of ice drift forecasts and evaluating coupled system modeling. The MOSAiC DN has been proven to enable analysis of local to mesoscale processes in the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean system and has the potential to improve m

Published
2024

6. Sea Ice Deformation Is Not Scale Invariant Over Length Scales Greater Than a Kilometer

Author

Office of Naval Research (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Hutchings, Jennifer K., Bliss, Angela C., Mondal, Dhiman, Elosegui, Pedro, Office of Naval Research (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Hutchings, Jennifer K., Bliss, Angela C., Mondal, Dhiman, and Elosegui, Pedro

Abstract

In March and April 2021, buoys were deployed in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, to measure sea-ice horizontal deformation over spatial scales that had not been previously achieved. Geodetic-quality position measurements allowed measurements of strain-rate over lengths from about 200 m to 2 km. Conventional ice-drifters extended spatial coverage up to about 100 km. Past studies find there is multi-fractal behavior for horizontal sea-ice deformation from 10 to 1,000 km. Our results demonstrate that such behavior does not hold when including spatial scales below 10 km. We find that sea-ice deformation is not scale invariant between the scale of individual sea-ice floes and aggregates of floes. Therefore, we cannot expect the same physical laws or forcing to describe sea-ice kinematics over these regimes, nor can we assume log-log linear behavior for mean deformation. Using this scaling behavior as a metric to validate models that resolve sea ice floes and their interactions is hence not recommended

Published
2024

7. PREPRINT OF MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED AT ELEMENTA: SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE "The MOSAiC Distributed Network: observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms"

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, primary, Cox, Christopher J, additional, Fang, Ying-Chih, additional, Goessling, Helge, additional, Granskog, Mats A, additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K, additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Kuznetsov, Ivan, additional, Lei, Ruibo, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Perovich, Don, additional, Persson, Ola, additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Rigor, Ignatius, additional, Shupe, Matthew D, additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Stanton, Tim, additional, Watkins, Daniel M, additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Buenger, H Jakob, additional, Cole, Sylvia, additional, Fong, Allison, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Hoppe, Clara J M, additional, Janout, Markus, additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, Katlein, Christian, additional, Krishfield, Richard, additional, Lin, Long, additional, Ludwig, Valentin, additional, Morgenstern, Anne, additional, O'brien, Jeff, additional, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, additional, Rackow, Thomas, additional, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, additional, Rohde, Jan, additional, Shaw, William, additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Solomon, Amy, additional, Sperling, Anneke, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Toole, John, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Zhu, Jialiang, additional, and Zuo, Guangyu, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. The MOSAiC Distributed Network: Observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, primary, Cox, Christopher J., additional, Fang, Ying-Chih, additional, Goessling, Helge, additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Kuznetsov, Ivan, additional, Lei, Ruibo, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Perovich, Don, additional, Persson, Ola, additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Rigor, Ignatius, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Stanton, Tim, additional, Watkins, Daniel M., additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Buenger, H. Jakob, additional, Cole, Sylvia, additional, Fong, Allison, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Hoppe, Clara J. M., additional, Janout, Markus, additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, Katlein, Christian, additional, Krishfield, Richard, additional, Lin, Long, additional, Ludwig, Valentin, additional, Morgenstern, Anne, additional, O’Brien, Jeff, additional, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, additional, Rackow, Thomas, additional, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, additional, Rohde, Jan, additional, Shaw, William, additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Solomon, Amy, additional, Sperling, Anneke, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Toole, John, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Zhu, Jialiang, additional, and Zuo, Guangyu, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Sea Ice Deformation Is Not Scale Invariant Over Length Scales Greater Than a Kilometer.

Author

Hutchings, Jennifer K., Bliss, Angela C., Mondal, Dhiman, and Elosegui, Pedro

Subjects
*SEA ice, *ICE floes, *SEA ice drift, *DEFORMATION of surfaces, *PHYSICAL laws, *FIELD research
Abstract

In March and April 2021, buoys were deployed in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, to measure sea‐ice horizontal deformation over spatial scales that had not been previously achieved. Geodetic‐quality position measurements allowed measurements of strain‐rate over lengths from about 200 m to 2 km. Conventional ice‐drifters extended spatial coverage up to about 100 km. Past studies find there is multi‐fractal behavior for horizontal sea‐ice deformation from 10 to 1,000 km. Our results demonstrate that such behavior does not hold when including spatial scales below 10 km. We find that sea‐ice deformation is not scale invariant between the scale of individual sea‐ice floes and aggregates of floes. Therefore, we cannot expect the same physical laws or forcing to describe sea‐ice kinematics over these regimes, nor can we assume log‐log linear behavior for mean deformation. Using this scaling behavior as a metric to validate models that resolve sea ice floes and their interactions is hence not recommended. Plain Language Summary: In March and April of 2021, a nested array of buoys was deployed around a drifting camp on sea ice 50 km off‐shore in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean. The inner buoys of the array measured their position with centimeter‐level accuracy allowing for measurements of sea ice deformation at a wide range of spatial scales. Sea ice deformation includes the opening and closing of the ice and shearing motion that occurs along cracks in the ice known as leads and ridges. This experiment was the first time that sea‐ice deformation has been analyzed over scales from 100s of meters to 100s of kilometers. Past studies over areas spanning more than 10 km suggest that the sea‐ice deformation has fractal behavior, a mathematical relationship where the rates of deformation increase as you measure over increasingly smaller regions. Past measurements of deformation over smaller areas found a different fractal behavior. In this study, we find that the mathematical relationship does not fit observations across any region larger than a kilometer square. We conclude that sea‐ice deformation is not fractal and caution against assuming that this relationship exists for climate and forecast modeling. Key Points: Results from the first field experiment measuring sea‐ice deformation across spatial scales ranging from 200 m to over 100 km are presentedPrevious studies indicate sea‐ice deformation is multi‐fractal for scales above 10 km, and we find this does not holdOver spatial scales from 1 to ∼100 km, deformation does not scale log‐log linearly with separation distance, and is not fractal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC

Author

Cox, Christopher J, Gallagher, Michael R, Shupe, Matthew D, Persson, P Ola G, Solomon, Amy, Fairall, Christopher W, Ayers, Thomas, Blomquist, Byron, Brooks, Ian M, Costa, Dave, Grachev, Andrey, Gottas, Daniel, Hutchings, Jennifer K, Kutchenreiter, Mark, Leach, Jesse, Morris, Sara M, Morris, Victor, Osborn, Jackson, Pezoa, Sergio, Preußer, Andreas, Riihimaki, Laura D, Uttal, Taneil, Cox, Christopher J, Gallagher, Michael R, Shupe, Matthew D, Persson, P Ola G, Solomon, Amy, Fairall, Christopher W, Ayers, Thomas, Blomquist, Byron, Brooks, Ian M, Costa, Dave, Grachev, Andrey, Gottas, Daniel, Hutchings, Jennifer K, Kutchenreiter, Mark, Leach, Jesse, Morris, Sara M, Morris, Victor, Osborn, Jackson, Pezoa, Sergio, Preußer, Andreas, Riihimaki, Laura D, and Uttal, Taneil

Abstract

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition supported by the icebreaker R/V Polarstern, following the Transpolar Drift from October 2019 to October 2020. The campaign documented an annual cycle of physical, biological, and chemical processes impacting the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Of central importance were measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic evolution of the sea ice. A multi-agency international team led by the University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA-PSL observed meteorology and surface-atmosphere energy exchanges, including radiation; turbulent momentum flux; turbulent latent and sensible heat flux; and snow conductive flux. There were four stations on the ice, a 10 m micrometeorological tower paired with a 23/30 m mast and radiation station and three autonomous Atmospheric Surface Flux Stations. Collectively, the four stations acquired ~928 days of data. This manuscript documents the acquisition and post-processing of those measurements and provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products.

Published
2023

14. Snow Loss Into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event

Author

Clemens‐Sewall, David, Polashenski, Chris, Frey, Markus M, Cox, Christopher J, Granskog, Mats A, Macfarlane, Amy R, Fons, Steven W, Schmale, Julia, Hutchings, Jennifer K, von Albedyll, Luisa, Arndt, Stefanie, Schneebeli, Martin, Perovich, Don, Clemens‐Sewall, David, Polashenski, Chris, Frey, Markus M, Cox, Christopher J, Granskog, Mats A, Macfarlane, Amy R, Fons, Steven W, Schmale, Julia, Hutchings, Jennifer K, von Albedyll, Luisa, Arndt, Stefanie, Schneebeli, Martin, and Perovich, Don

Abstract

The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause significant wintertime snow loss. However, there are no direct measurements of snow loss into Arctic leads. We measured the snow lost in four leads in the Central Arctic in winter 2020. We find, contrary to expectations, that under typical winter conditions, minimal snow was lost into leads. However, during a cyclone that delivered warm air temperatures, high winds, and snowfall, 35.0 ± 1.1 cm snow water equivalent (SWE) was lost into a lead (per unit lead area). This corresponded to a removal of 0.7–1.1 cm SWE from the entire surface—∼6%–10% of this site's annual snow precipitation. Warm air temperatures, which increase the length of time that wintertime leads remain unfrozen, may be an underappreciated factor in snow loss into leads.

Published
2023

15. Snow Loss Into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event

Author

Clemens‐Sewall, David, primary, Polashenski, Chris, additional, Frey, Markus M., additional, Cox, Christopher J., additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Macfarlane, Amy R., additional, Fons, Steven W., additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional, von Albedyll, Luisa, additional, Arndt, Stefanie, additional, Schneebeli, Martin, additional, and Perovich, Don, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice

Author

Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niels, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik, Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randall K., Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison M., Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Tavri, Aikaterini, Tsamados, Michel, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, Wendisch, Manfred, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niels, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik, Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randall K., Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison M., Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Tavri, Aikaterini, Tsamados, Michel, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, and Wendisch, Manfred

Abstract

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties of the snow and ice cover comprehensively in the central Arctic over an entire annual cycle. This objective was achieved by detailed observations of physical properties and of energy and mass balance of snow and ice. By studying snow and sea ice dynamics over nested spatial scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, the variability across scales can be considered. On-ice observations of in situ and remote sensing properties of the different surface types over all seasons will help to improve numerical process and climate models and to establish and validate novel satellite remote sensing methods; the linkages to accompanying airborne measurements, satellite observations, and results of numerical models are discussed. We found large spatial variabilities of snow metamorphism and thermal regimes impacting sea ice growth. We conclude that the highly variable snow cover needs to be considered in more detail (in observations, remote sensing, and models) to better understand snow-related feedback processes. The ice pack revealed rapid transformations and motions along the drift in all seasons. The number of coupled ice–ocean interface processes observed in detail are expected to guide upcoming research with respect to the changing Arctic sea ice.

Published
2022

22. Seasonality and timing of sea ice mass balance and heat fluxes in the Arctic transpolar drift during 2019–2020

Author

Lei, Ruibo, Cheng, Bin, Hoppmann, Mario, Zhang, Fanyi, Zuo, Guangyu, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Lin, Long, Lan, Musheng, Wang, Hangzhou, Regnery, Julia, Krumpen, Thomas, Haapala, Jari, Rabe, Benjamin, Perovich, Donald K., Nicolaus, Marcel, Lei, Ruibo, Cheng, Bin, Hoppmann, Mario, Zhang, Fanyi, Zuo, Guangyu, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Lin, Long, Lan, Musheng, Wang, Hangzhou, Regnery, Julia, Krumpen, Thomas, Haapala, Jari, Rabe, Benjamin, Perovich, Donald K., and Nicolaus, Marcel

Published
2022

23. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice

Author

German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Department of Energy (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, Research Council of Norway, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swiss Polar Institute, Dr. Werner-Petersen Foundation, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, Wendisch, Manfred, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, Boer, Gijs de, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niel, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Adreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik S., Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, K., Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randy, Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus, Tavrii, Aikaterini, Tsamados, Michel, German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Department of Energy (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, Research Council of Norway, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swiss Polar Institute, Dr. Werner-Petersen Foundation, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, Wendisch, Manfred, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, Boer, Gijs de, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niel, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Adreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik S., Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, K., Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randy, Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus, Tavrii, Aikaterini, and Tsamados, Michel

Abstract

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties of the snow and ice cover comprehensively in the central Arctic over an entire annual cycle. This objective was achieved by detailed observations of physical properties and of energy and mass balance of snow and ice. By studying snow and sea ice dynamics over nested spatial scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, the variability across scales can be considered. On-ice observations of in situ and remote sensing properties of the different surface types over all seasons will help to improve numerical process and climate models and to establish and validate novel satellite remote sensing methods; the linkages to accompanying airborne measurements, satellite observations, and results of numerical models are discussed. We found large spatial variabilities of snow metamorphism and thermal regimes impacting sea ice growth. We conclude that the highly variable snow cover needs to be considered in more detail (in observations, remote sensing, and models) to better understand snow-related feedback processes. The ice pack revealed rapid transformations and motions along the drift in all seasons. The number of coupled ice–ocean interface processes observed in detail are expected to guide upcoming research with respect to the changing Arctic sea ice

Published
2022

24. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niels, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik, Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randall K., Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison M., Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Tavri, Aikaterini, Tsamados, Michel, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, Wendisch, Manfred, Nicolaus, Marcel, Perovich, Donald K., Spreen, Gunnar, Granskog, Mats A., von Albedyll, Luisa, Angelopoulos, Michael, Anhaus, Philipp, Arndt, Stefanie, Belter, H. Jakob, Bessonov, Vladimir, Birnbaum, Gerit, Brauchle, Jörg, Calmer, Radiance, Cardellach, Estel, Cheng, Bin, Clemens-Sewall, David, Dadic, Ruzica, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Demir, Oguz, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Fong, Allison A., Fons, Steven, Frey, Markus M., Fuchs, Niels, Gabarró, Carolina, Gerland, Sebastian, Goessling, Helge F., Gradinger, Rolf, Haapala, Jari, Haas, Christian, Hamilton, Jonathan, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, Hendricks, Stefan, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hoppmann, Mario, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, Huntemann, Marcus, Hutchings, Jennifer K., Hwang, Byongjun, Itkin, Polona, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaggi, Matthias, Jutila, Arttu, Kaleschke, Lars, Katlein, Christian, Kolabutin, Nikolai, Krampe, Daniela, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Krumpen, Thomas, Kurtz, Nathan, Lampert, Astrid, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Lei, Ruibo, Light, Bonnie, Linhardt, Felix, Liston, Glen E., Loose, Brice, Macfarlane, Amy R., Mahmud, Mallik, Matero, Ilkka O., Maus, Sönke, Morgenstern, Anne, Naderpour, Reza, Nandan, Vishnu, Niubom, Alexey, Oggier, Marc, Oppelt, Natascha, Pätzold, Falk, Perron, Christophe, Petrovsky, Tomasz, Pirazzini, Roberta, Polashenski, Chris, Rabe, Benjamin, Raphael, Ian A., Regnery, Julia, Rex, Markus, Ricker, Robert, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, Rinke, Annette, Rohde, Jan, Salganik, Evgenii, Scharien, Randall K., Schiller, Martin, Schneebeli, Martin, Semmling, Maximilian, Shimanchuk, Egor, Shupe, Matthew D., Smith, Madison M., Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Sokolov, Vladimir, Stanton, Tim, Stroeve, Julienne, Thielke, Linda, Timofeeva, Anna, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Tavri, Aikaterini, Tsamados, Michel, Wagner, David N., Watkins, Daniel, Webster, Melinda, and Wendisch, Manfred

Abstract

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties of the snow and ice cover comprehensively in the central Arctic over an entire annual cycle. This objective was achieved by detailed observations of physical properties and of energy and mass balance of snow and ice. By studying snow and sea ice dynamics over nested spatial scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, the variability across scales can be considered. On-ice observations of in situ and remote sensing properties of the different surface types over all seasons will help to improve numerical process and climate models and to establish and validate novel satellite remote sensing methods; the linkages to accompanying airborne measurements, satellite observations, and results of numerical models are discussed. We found large spatial variabilities of snow metamorphism and thermal regimes impacting sea ice growth. We conclude that the highly variable snow cover needs to be considered in more detail (in observations, remote sensing, and models) to better understand snow-related feedback processes. The ice pack revealed rapid transformations and motions along the drift in all seasons. The number of coupled ice–ocean interface processes observed in detail are expected to guide upcoming research with respect to the changing Arctic sea ice.

Published
2022

25. Seasonality and timing of sea ice mass balance and heat fluxes in the Arctic transpolar drift during 2019–2020

Author

Lei, Ruibo, primary, Cheng, Bin, additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Zhang, Fanyi, additional, Zuo, Guangyu, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional, Lin, Long, additional, Lan, Musheng, additional, Wang, Hangzhou, additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Rabe, Benjamin, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, and Nicolaus, Marcel, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice

Author

Nicolaus, Marcel, primary, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, von Albedyll, Luisa, additional, Angelopoulos, Michael, additional, Anhaus, Philipp, additional, Arndt, Stefanie, additional, Belter, H. Jakob, additional, Bessonov, Vladimir, additional, Birnbaum, Gerit, additional, Brauchle, Jörg, additional, Calmer, Radiance, additional, Cardellach, Estel, additional, Cheng, Bin, additional, Clemens-Sewall, David, additional, Dadic, Ruzica, additional, Damm, Ellen, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Demir, Oguz, additional, Dethloff, Klaus, additional, Divine, Dmitry V., additional, Fong, Allison A., additional, Fons, Steven, additional, Frey, Markus M., additional, Fuchs, Niels, additional, Gabarró, Carolina, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Goessling, Helge F., additional, Gradinger, Rolf, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Haas, Christian, additional, Hamilton, Jonathan, additional, Hannula, Henna-Reetta, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Høyland, Knut Vilhelm, additional, Huntemann, Marcus, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional, Hwang, Byongjun, additional, Itkin, Polona, additional, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, additional, Jaggi, Matthias, additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Katlein, Christian, additional, Kolabutin, Nikolai, additional, Krampe, Daniela, additional, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Kurtz, Nathan, additional, Lampert, Astrid, additional, Lange, Benjamin Allen, additional, Lei, Ruibo, additional, Light, Bonnie, additional, Linhardt, Felix, additional, Liston, Glen E., additional, Loose, Brice, additional, Macfarlane, Amy R., additional, Mahmud, Mallik, additional, Matero, Ilkka O., additional, Maus, Sönke, additional, Morgenstern, Anne, additional, Naderpour, Reza, additional, Nandan, Vishnu, additional, Niubom, Alexey, additional, Oggier, Marc, additional, Oppelt, Natascha, additional, Pätzold, Falk, additional, Perron, Christophe, additional, Petrovsky, Tomasz, additional, Pirazzini, Roberta, additional, Polashenski, Chris, additional, Rabe, Benjamin, additional, Raphael, Ian A., additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Rex, Markus, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Rohde, Jan, additional, Salganik, Evgenii, additional, Scharien, Randall K., additional, Schiller, Martin, additional, Schneebeli, Martin, additional, Semmling, Maximilian, additional, Shimanchuk, Egor, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Smith, Madison M., additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, Stanton, Tim, additional, Stroeve, Julienne, additional, Thielke, Linda, additional, Timofeeva, Anna, additional, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, additional, Tavri, Aikaterini, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Wagner, David N., additional, Watkins, Daniel, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, and Wendisch, Manfred, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Observational Perspectives on Beaufort Sea Ice Breakouts.

Author

Jewell, MacKenzie E. and Hutchings, Jennifer K.

Subjects
*SEA ice drift, *SEA ice, *GLACIAL drift, *PREDICTION models
Abstract

In winter 2013, a sea ice breakout in the Beaufort Sea produced extensive fracturing and contributed to record ice export. Rheinlænder et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099024) simulated this event using the neXtSIM sea ice model, reproducing a realistic progression of lead opening and ice drift following the track of an anticyclone. Their simulations indicate strong winds and thin ice are key factors in breakouts. We discuss observational records giving additional insight into the mechanisms controlling breakout events, including the role of wind direction. Breakouts are common and have occurred under weaker winds than in 2013 and in thicker ice of previous decades. During 2013 and other events, patterns of lead opening during breakout followed changes in wind direction relative to the coast with anticyclone position. For skillful predictions of future breakouts, models must reproduce this behavior, and their performance should be assessed across a range of wind and ice conditions. Plain Language Summary: In winter, the Beaufort Sea is covered by a layer of sea ice that is usually frozen against the southern and eastern coastlines that bound the sea. When winds continuously blow from east to west away from these boundaries, the ice cover can tear apart and rapidly drift away from the coasts in what is called a breakout event. The prediction of such dynamic events is important for those who navigate the region. Rheinlænder et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099024) recently used the neXtSIM sea ice model to simulate realistic ice cracking and drift during an exceptionally strong breakout that occurred in 2013. The authors highlighted strong winds and thin sea ice as key factors for breakout. We use observational records to provide additional insight into processes during Beaufort breakouts. Records of many similar events demonstrate that breakouts are common under weather patterns that produce east‐to‐west winds, even for weaker winds and thicker ice than in 2013. Across observed events, wind direction influences sea ice fracturing patterns and breakout timing. To ensure that model predictions of future sea ice breakouts are accurate, simulations should be compared against observations of multiple recorded events that span a range of wind and ice conditions. Key Points: Observational data provide context for a 2013 Beaufort Sea (BS) breakout simulated with the neXtSIM model by Rheinlænder et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099024)While the 2013 event was exceptional, winter sea ice breakout is common under anticyclonic winds including in years with thicker ice packsWind direction relative to the coast influences the timing and location of lead opening during breakout in the BS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. A quasi-objective single buoy approach for Lagrangian coherent structures and sea ice fracture events.

Author

Aksamit, Nikolas O., Scharien, Randall K., and Hutchings, Jennifer K.

Subjects
SEA ice, DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics), TIME series analysis, FRACTURE mechanics, APPROXIMATION theory
Abstract

Sea ice deformation and dynamics play a significant role in atmosphere-ice-ocean coupling. Deformation patterns in sea ice can be observed at a wide range of spatial scales, though high resolution objective quantification of these features remains difficult. In an effort to better understand local deformation of sea ice, we adapt the Trajectory Stretching Exponents (TSEs), quasi-objective measures of Lagrangian stretching in continuous media, to sea ice buoy data, and develop a temporal analysis of TSE time series. TSEs provide an approximation of Lagrangian coherent structure diagnostics when only sparse trajectory data is available. As TSEs do not require multiple buoys, we find they have an expanded range of use when compared with traditional Eulerian buoy-array deformation metrics, and provide local-stretching information below the length-scales possible when averaging over buoy-arrays. We verify the ability of TSEs to temporally and spatially identify dynamic fracture events for three different sea ice datasets, with buoys identifying fracture domains ranging tens to hundreds of kilometers in diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Ground-Based Radar Interferometry of Sea Ice

Author

Dammann, Dyre Oliver, primary, Johnson, Mark A., additional, Fedders, Emily R., additional, Mahoney, Andrew R., additional, Werner, Charles L., additional, Polashenski, Christopher M., additional, Meyer, Franz J., additional, and Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Estimating statistical errors in retrievals of ice velocity and deformation parameters from satellite images and buoy arrays

Author

Dierking, Wolfgang, Stern, Harry L., Hutchings, Jennifer K., Dierking, Wolfgang, Stern, Harry L., and Hutchings, Jennifer K.

Abstract

The objective of this note is to provide the background and basic tools to estimate the statistical error of deformation parameters that are calculated from displacement fields retrieved from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery or from location changes of position sensors in an array. We focus here specifically on sea ice drift and deformation. In the most general case, the uncertainties of divergence/convergence, shear, vorticity, and total deformation are dependent on errors in coordinate measurements, the size of the area and the time interval over which these parameters are determined, and the velocity gradients within the boundary of the area. If displacements are calculated from sequences of SAR images, a tracking error also has to be considered. Timing errors in position readings are usually very small and can be neglected. We give examples for magnitudes of position and timing errors typical for buoys and SAR sensors, in the latter case supplemented by magnitudes of the tracking error, and apply the derived equations on geometric shapes frequently used for deriving deformation from SAR images and buoy arrays. Our case studies show that the size of the area and the time interval for calculating deformation parameters have to be chosen within certain limits to make sure that the uncertainties are smaller than the magnitude of deformation parameters.

Published
2020

40. Changes in the Thickness and Circulation of Multiyear Ice in the Beaufort Gyre Determined From Pseudo‐Lagrangian Methods from 2003–2015

Author

Mahoney, Andrew R., Hutchings, Jennifer K., Eicken, Hajo, Haas, Christian, Mahoney, Andrew R., Hutchings, Jennifer K., Eicken, Hajo, and Haas, Christian

Abstract

We combine Eulerian ice draft observations from moored ice‐profiling sonars with buoy‐ and satellite‐derived ice drift data to obtain Lagrangian observations of changes in the thickness distribution of sea ice circulating the Beaufort Sea. We examine repeat measurements of ice draft by identifying events where buoys or pseudobuoys made repeat overpasses within 30 km of ice‐profiling sonar‐equipped Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project moorings. Comparison of ice draft distributions from each overpass indicates that summertime melt rates are related to drift track, with more melt occurring in the southern Beaufort Sea than to the north. Additionally, we find that ice surviving summer in the Beaufort Sea since 2007 is similar in thickness to surrounding first‐year sea ice by the end of the following winter. These findings are supported by continuous ice thickness data from ice mass balance buoys. By examining “plumes” of pseudobuoys originating at each mooring location, we identify anomalous northward transport of ice in the southern Beaufort Sea in 2007 that likely contributed to the record‐breaking reduction in sea ice extent that year. We also find that repeat overpasses have been much rarer since 2007, due to reduced summertime sea ice extent in the Beaufort Gyre and possible changes in ice drift patterns. These changes contribute to diminished replenishment of multiyear sea ice volume in the Arctic.

Published
2019

46. Toward quantifying the increasing role oceanic heat in sea ice loss in the new Arctic

Author

Carmack, Eddy C., Polyakov, Igor V., Padman, Laurie, Fer, Ilker, Hunke, Elizabeth C., Hutchings, Jennifer K., Jackson, Jennifer M., Kelley, Daniel E., Kwok, Ron, Layton, Chantelle, Melling, Humfrey, Perovich, Donald K., Persson, Ola, Ruddick, Barry R., Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Toole, John M., Ross, Tetjana, Vavrus, Steve, Winsor, Peter, Carmack, Eddy C., Polyakov, Igor V., Padman, Laurie, Fer, Ilker, Hunke, Elizabeth C., Hutchings, Jennifer K., Jackson, Jennifer M., Kelley, Daniel E., Kwok, Ron, Layton, Chantelle, Melling, Humfrey, Perovich, Donald K., Persson, Ola, Ruddick, Barry R., Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Toole, John M., Ross, Tetjana, Vavrus, Steve, and Winsor, Peter

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96 (2015): 2079–2105, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00177.1., The loss of Arctic sea ice has emerged as a leading signal of global warming. This, together with acknowledged impacts on other components of the Earth system, has led to the term “the new Arctic.” Global coupled climate models predict that ice loss will continue through the twenty-first century, with implications for governance, economics, security, and global weather. A wide range in model projections reflects the complex, highly coupled interactions between the polar atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere, including teleconnections to lower latitudes. This paper summarizes our present understanding of how heat reaches the ice base from the original sources—inflows of Atlantic and Pacific Water, river discharge, and summer sensible heat and shortwave radiative fluxes at the ocean/ice surface—and speculates on how such processes may change in the new Arctic. The complexity of the coupled Arctic system, and the logistic and technological challenges of working in the Arctic Ocean, require a coordinated interdisciplinary and international program that will not only improve understanding of this critical component of global climate but will also provide opportunities to develop human resources with the skills required to tackle related problems in complex climate systems. We propose a research strategy with components that include 1) improved mapping of the upper- and middepth Arctic Ocean, 2) enhanced quantification of important process, 3) expanded long-term monitoring at key heat-flux locations, and 4) development of numerical capabilities that focus on parameterization of heat-flux mechanisms and their interactions., 2016-06-01

Published
2016

50. Sea-ice buoy deployments during ANT-XXIX/6 & ANT-XXIX/9

Author

Schwegmann, Sandra, Nicolaus, Marcel, Castellani, Giulia, Heil, Petra, Leonard, Katherine, White, Seth, Wever, Nander, Lange, Benjamin, Hendricks, Stefan, Hoppmann, Mario, Rigor, Ignatius, Hutchings, Jennifer K., and Flores, Hauke

Published
2014

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results