1. Cellular, Metabolic, and Developmental Dimensions of Whole-Body Regeneration in
- Author
-
Matthias Christian Vogg, Nenad Slavko Suknovic, Wanda Christa Buzgariu, and Brigitte Galliot
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,BMP signaling ,Somatic cell ,Hydra ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,ddc:590 ,Autophagy ,Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Whole-body regeneration ,Developmental organizer ,Sp5 inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling ,Regeneration (biology) ,Stem Cells ,Cell Cycle ,Hydra model system ,Cell cycle ,Cell biology ,Lernaean Hydra ,Stem cell ,Epithelial stem cells ,Cell Division ,Adult stem cell - Abstract
Here we discuss the developmental and homeostatic conditions necessary for Hydra regeneration. Hydra is characterized by populations of adult stem cells paused in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, ready to respond to injury signals. The body column can be compared to a blastema-like structure, populated with multifunctional epithelial stem cells that show low sensitivity to proapoptotic signals, and high inducibility of autophagy that promotes resistance to stress and starvation. Intact Hydra polyps also exhibit a dynamic patterning along the oral-aboral axis under the control of homeostatic organizers whose activity results from regulatory loops between activators and inhibitors. As in bilaterians, injury triggers the immediate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals that promote wound healing and contribute to the reactivation of developmental programs via cell death and the de novo formation of new organizing centers from somatic tissues. In aging Hydra, regeneration is rapidly lost as homeostatic conditions are no longer pro-regenerative.
- Published
- 2023