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1. Chronic Statin Treatment Does Not Impair Exercise Lipolysis or Fat Oxidation in Exercise-Trained Individuals With Obesity and Dyslipidemia.

Author

Alvarez-Jimenez, Laura, Moreno-Cabañas, Alfonso, Morales-Palomo, Felix, Ortega, Juan F., and Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo

Subjects
*STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), *OBESITY, *GENETIC disorders, *LDL cholesterol, *HYPERLIPIDEMIA, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *EXERCISE, *METABOLIC syndrome, *BLIND experiment, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *LIPID metabolism disorders, *STATISTICAL sampling, *CHOLESTEROL
Abstract

Objective: To determine whether statin medication in individuals with obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome affects their capacity to mobilize and oxidize fat during exercise. Methods: Twelve individuals with metabolic syndrome pedaled during 75 min at 54 ± 13% ...O2max (5.7 ± 0.5 metabolic equivalents) while taking statins (STATs) or after 96-hr statin withdrawal (PLAC) in a randomized double-blind fashion. Results: At rest, PLAC increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (i.e., STAT 2.55 ± 0.96 vs. PLAC 3.16 ± 0.76 mmol/L; p = .004) and total cholesterol blood levels (i.e., STAT 4.39 ± 1.16 vs. PLAC 4.98 ± 0.97 mmol/L; p = .008). At rest, fat oxidation (0.99 ± 0.34 vs. 0.76 ± 0.37 μmol⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .068) and the rates of plasma appearance of glucose and glycerol (i.e., Ra glucose-glycerol) were not affected by PLAC. After 70 min of exercise, fat oxidation was similar between trials (2.94 ± 1.56 vs. 3.06 ± 1.94 μmol⋅kg-1⋅min-1, STA vs. PLAC; p = .875). PLAC did not alter the rates of disappearance of glucose in plasma during exercise (i.e., 23.9 ± 6.9 vs. 24.5 ± 8.2 μmol⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .611) or the rate of plasma appearance of glycerol (i.e., 8.5 ± 1.9 vs. 7.9 ± 1.8 μmol⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .262). Conclusions: In patients with obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, statins do not compromise their ability to mobilize and oxidize fat at rest or during prolonged, moderately intense exercise (i.e., equivalent to brisk walking). In these patients, the combination of statins and exercise could help to better manage their dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Acute Statin Withdrawal Does not Interfere With the Improvements of a Session of Exercise in Postprandial Metabolism.

Author

Alvarez-Jimenez, Laura, Morales-Palomo, Felix, Moreno-Cabañas, Alfonso, Ortega, Juan F, Mora-Gonzalez, Diego, and Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo

Subjects
STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), AEROBIC exercises, METABOLIC syndrome treatment
Abstract

Background The risk for atherogenic plaque formation is high after ingestion of meals in individuals with high blood lipid levels (ie, dyslipidemia). Statins and exercise reduce the rise of blood triglyceride concentrations after a meal, but the effect of their combination is unclear. Methods In a randomized crossover design, 11 individuals with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome treated with statins underwent a mixed-meal (970 ± 111 kcal, 24% fat, and 34% carbohydrate) tolerance test. Plasma lipid concentrations, fat oxidation, glucose, and glycerol kinetics were monitored immediately prior and during the meal test. Trials were conducted with participants under their habitual statin treatment and 96 hours after blinded statin withdrawal. Trials were duplicated after a prolonged bout of low-intensity exercise (75 minutes at 53 ± 4% maximal oxygen consumption) to study the interactions between exercise and statins. Results Statins reduced postprandial plasma triglycerides from 3.03 ± 0.85 to 2.52 ± 0.86 mmol·L−1 (17%; P =.015) and plasma glycerol concentrations (ie, surrogate of whole-body lipolysis) without reducing plasma free fatty acid concentration or fat oxidation. Prior exercise increased postprandial plasma glycerol levels (P =.029) and fat oxidation rates (P =.024). Exercise decreased postprandial plasma insulin levels (241 ± 116 vs 301 ± 172 ρmol·L−1; P =.026) but not enough to increase insulin sensitivity (P =.614). Neither statins nor exercise affected plasma glucose appearance rates from exogenous or endogenous sources. Conclusions In dyslipidemic individuals, statins reduce blood triglyceride concentrations after a meal, but without limiting fat oxidation. Statins do not interfere with exercise lowering the postprandial insulin that likely promotes fat oxidation. Last, statins do not restrict the rates of plasma incorporation or oxidation of the ingested glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Effectiveness of statins vs. exercise on reducing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemic population: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Author

Laura Alvarez-Jimenez, Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas, Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez, Felix Morales-Palomo, Juan F. Ortega, and Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez

Subjects
Aerobic exercise, Cardiovascular disease, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, Meta-analysis, Metabolic syndrome, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Background: Individuals at risk of suffering cardiovascular disease (CVD) present with larger increases in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration after a high-fat meal than do healthy individuals. These postprandial hypertriglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for CVD. Prescription of statins and a bout of prolonged exercise are both effective in lowering postprandial hypertriglyceride levels. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of statins vs. a bout of aerobic exercise in reducing fasting and postprandial TG (PPTG) concentrations in individuals at high risk of developing CVD. Methods: Thirty-seven studies from a systematic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were included in this review. The selected studies conducted trials involving statin therapy (n = 20) or a bout of aerobic exercise (n = 19) and measured their impact on PPTG levels as the outcome. Two studies analyzed both treatments and were included in duplicate. The meta-analysis was constructed using a random-effects model to calculate the mean difference (MD). The Student t test was used to compare the data sets for statins vs. exercise. Results: Overall, statin and exercise interventions showed similar reductions in PPTG levels, with an MD of –0.65 mmol/L for statins (95% confidence interval (95%CI): –0.54 to –0.77; p < 0.001) and –0.46 mmol/L for exercise (95%CI: –0.21 to –0.71; p < 0.01). However, statins lowered fasting TG levels more than exercise (MD = –1.54 mmol/L, 95%CI: –2.25 to –0.83; p = 0.009). Conclusion: Although aerobic exercise is effective in lowering blood TG levels, statins seem to be more efficient, especially in the fasted state. A combination of exercise and statins might reveal a valuable approach to the treatment and prevention of CVD. More studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and the possible additive effects of these interventions.

Published
2022
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4. Statins effect on insulin resistance after a meal and exercise in hypercholesterolemic pre‐diabetic individuals.

Author

Alvarez‐Jimenez, Laura, Morales‐Palomo, Felix, Moreno‐Cabañas, Alfonso, Ortega, Juan Fernando, and Mora‐Rodriguez, Ricardo

Subjects
*STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), *HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA, *INSULIN resistance, *MEALS, *PREDIABETIC state
Abstract

Aim: To study if statins, a widely prescribed, inexpensive medication to prevent coronary artery diseases may cause insulin resistance (IR). Methods: Fasted (HOMA‐IR) and post‐meal insulin resistance were assessed in 21 pre‐diabetic hypercholesterolemic individuals treated with statins (STA trial). Measurements were compared to another trial conducted 96 h after statin withdrawal using placebo pills (PLAC trial). Trials were duplicated 16–18 h after a bout of moderate‐intensity exercise (500 kcal of energy expenditure) to reduce IR and better appreciate statin effects (EXER+STA and EXER+PLAC trials). Results: Statin withdrawal did not affect fasting (HOMA‐IR; 2.35 ± 1.05 vs. 2.18 ± 0.87 for STA vs. PLAC trials; p = 0.150) or post‐meal insulin resistance (i.e., Matsuda‐index, STA 6.23 ± 2.83 vs. PLAC 6.49 ± 3.74; p = 0.536). A bout of aerobic exercise lowered post‐meal IR (p = 0.043), but statin withdrawal did not add to the exercise actions (p = 0.564). Statin withdrawal increased post‐meal plasma free glycerol concentrations (0.136 ± 0.073 vs. 0.185 ± 0.090 mmol·L−1 for STA vs. PLAC trials; p < 0.001) but not plasma free fatty acids or fat oxidation (p = 0.981, and p = 0.621, respectively). Post‐meal fat oxidation was higher in the exercise trials (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Withdrawal of statin medication does not affect fasting or post‐meal insulin resistance in pre‐diabetic hypercholesterolemic individuals. Furthermore, statin use does not interfere with the beneficial effects of exercise on lowering IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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5. Effectiveness of statins vs. exercise on reducing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemic population: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author

Alvarez-Jimenez, Laura, Moreno-Cabañas, Alfonso, Ramirez-Jimenez, Miguel, Morales-Palomo, Felix, Ortega, Juan F., and Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo

Subjects
STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), EXERCISE physiology, HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
Abstract

• Both exercise and statin treatment decrease postprandial triglyceridemia (PPTG), probably by increasing chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) clearance and/or reducing liver VLDL-TG synthesis. • Exercise lowers blood triglyceride (TG) after a high-fat test meal, whereas statins lower both fasting and postprandial blood TG. • The combination of statins and exercise could reduce PPTG more than any of these therapies alone, but studies addressing this possibility are not yet available. Individuals at risk of suffering cardiovascular disease (CVD) present with larger increases in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration after a high-fat meal than do healthy individuals. These postprandial hypertriglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for CVD. Prescription of statins and a bout of prolonged exercise are both effective in lowering postprandial hypertriglyceride levels. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of statins vs. a bout of aerobic exercise in reducing fasting and postprandial TG (PPTG) concentrations in individuals at high risk of developing CVD. Thirty-seven studies from a systematic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were included in this review. The selected studies conducted trials involving statin therapy (n = 20) or a bout of aerobic exercise (n = 19) and measured their impact on PPTG levels as the outcome. Two studies analyzed both treatments and were included in duplicate. The meta-analysis was constructed using a random-effects model to calculate the mean difference (MD). The Student t test was used to compare the data sets for statins vs. exercise. Overall, statin and exercise interventions showed similar reductions in PPTG levels, with an MD of –0.65 mmol/L for statins (95% confidence interval (95%CI): –0.54 to –0.77; p < 0.001) and –0.46 mmol/L for exercise (95%CI: –0.21 to –0.71; p < 0.01). However, statins lowered fasting TG levels more than exercise (MD = –1.54 mmol/L, 95%CI: –2.25 to –0.83; p = 0.009). Although aerobic exercise is effective in lowering blood TG levels, statins seem to be more efficient, especially in the fasted state. A combination of exercise and statins might reveal a valuable approach to the treatment and prevention of CVD. More studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and the possible additive effects of these interventions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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6. Correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and statin-induced myopathy: a mixed-effects model meta-analysis.

Author

Xiang, Qian, Zhang, Xiao-Dan, Mu, Guang-Yan, Wang, Zhe, Liu, Zhi-Yan, Xie, Qiu-Fen, Hu, Kun, Zhang, Zhuo, Ma, Ling-Yue, Jiang, Jie, and Cui, Yi-Min

Subjects
*STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), *MUSCLE diseases, *ONLINE information services, *META-analysis, *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, *MEDICAL databases, *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *ROSUVASTATIN, *ALLELES, *GENES, *SIMVASTATIN, *STATISTICAL correlation, *MEDLINE, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Purpose: A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of statin-induced myopathy (SIM). Methods: We retrieved the studies published on SIM until April 2019 from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We collected data from 32 studies that analyzed 10 SNPs in five genes and included 21,692 individuals and nine statins. Results: The analysis of the heterozygous (p = 0.017), homozygous (p = 0.002), dominant (p = 0.005), and recessive models (p = 0.009) of SLCO1B1 rs4149056 showed that this SNP increases the risk of SIM. Conversely, heterozygous (p = 0.048) and dominant models (p = 0.030) of SLCO1B1 rs4363657 demonstrated that this SNP is associated with a reduced risk of SIM. Moreover, an increased risk of SIM was predicted for carriers of the rs4149056 C allele among simvastatin-treated patients, whereas carriers of the GATM rs9806699 A allele among rosuvastatin-treated patients had a lower risk of SIM. Conclusion: The meta-analysis revealed that the rs4149056 and rs4363657 SNPs in SLCO1B1 and the rs9806699 SNP in GATM are correlated with the risk of SIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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7. Effects of statin therapy and exercise on postprandial triglycerides in overweight individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.

Author

Mora‐Rodriguez, Ricardo, Ortega, Juan Fernando, Morales‐Palomo, Felix, Ramirez‐Jimenez, Miguel, and Moreno‐Cabañas, Alfonso

Subjects
*EXERCISE therapy, *AEROBIC exercises, *GLYCEMIC index, *BLOOD cholesterol, *BODY mass index, *CHOLESTEROL content of food, *TRIGLYCERIDES, *PATIENT compliance
Abstract

Aims: To determine the effects of statins on postprandial lipaemia (PPL) and to study if exercise could enhance statin actions. Methods: Ten hypercholesteraemic (blood cholesterol 204 ± 36 mg dL−1; low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol 129 ± 32 36 mg dL−1) overweight (body mass index 30 ± 4 kg m−2), metabolic syndrome individuals chronically medicated with statins (>6 months) underwent 5‐hour PPL tests in 4 occasions in a randomized order: (i) substituting their habitual statin medication by placebo for 96 hours (PLAC trial); (ii) taking their habitual statin medicine (STA trial); (iii) placebo combined with a bout of intense aerobic exercise (EXER+PLAC trial); and (iv) combining exercise and statin medicine (EXER+STA trial). Results: Before the fat meal, statin withdrawal (i.e. PLAC and EXER+PLAC) increased blood triglycerides (TG; 24%), low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol (31%) and total cholesterol (19%; all P <.05) evidencing treatment compliance. After the meal, statin withdrawal increased 5‐hour postprandial TG (PPTG) compared to its matched trials (94% higher PLAC vs STA and 45% higher EXER+PLAC vs EXER+STA; P <.05). EXER+PLAC trial did not lower PPTG below PLAC (i.e. incremental AUC of 609 ± 152 vs 826 ± 190 mg dL−1 5 h; P =.09). Adding exercise to statin did not result in larger reductions in PPTG (i.e. EXER+STA vs STA incremental area under the curve of 421 ± 87 vs 421 ± 84 mg dL−1 5 h; P =.99). Conclusion: In hypercholesteraemic metabolic syndrome individuals, chronic statin therapy blunts the elevations in TG after a fat meal (i.e. incremental area under the curve of PPTG) reducing the cardiovascular risk associated to their atherogenic dyslipidaemia. However, a single bout of intense aerobic exercise before the high fat meal, does not reduce PPTG but also does not interfere with the effects of statin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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8. Guidelines for the Neurocritical Care Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Author

Treggiari, M, Rabinstein, A, Busl, K, Caylor, M, Citerio, G, Deem, S, Diringer, M, Fox, E, Livesay, S, Sheth, K, Suarez, J, Tjoumakaris, S, Treggiari, Miriam M, Rabinstein, Alejandro A, Busl, Katharina M, Caylor, Meghan M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Deem, Steven, Diringer, Michael, Fox, Elizabeth, Livesay, Sarah, Sheth, Kevin N, Suarez, Jose I, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Treggiari, M, Rabinstein, A, Busl, K, Caylor, M, Citerio, G, Deem, S, Diringer, M, Fox, E, Livesay, S, Sheth, K, Suarez, J, Tjoumakaris, S, Treggiari, Miriam M, Rabinstein, Alejandro A, Busl, Katharina M, Caylor, Meghan M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Deem, Steven, Diringer, Michael, Fox, Elizabeth, Livesay, Sarah, Sheth, Kevin N, Suarez, Jose I, and Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula

Abstract

Background: The neurointensive care management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one of the most critical components contributing to short-term and long-term patient outcomes. Previous recommendations for the medical management of aSAH comprehensively summarized the evidence based on consensus conference held in 2011. In this report, we provide updated recommendations based on appraisal of the literature using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Methods: The Population/Intervention/Comparator/Outcome (PICO) questions relevant to the medical management of aSAH were prioritized by consensus from the panel members. The panel used a custom-designed survey instrument to prioritize clinically relevant outcomes specific to each PICO question. To be included, the study design qualifying criteria were as follows: prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective observational studies, case–control studies, case series with a sample larger than 20 patients, meta-analyses, restricted to human study participants. Panel members first screened titles and abstracts, and subsequently full text review of selected reports. Data were abstracted in duplicate from reports meeting inclusion criteria. Panelists used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Risk of Bias tool for assessment of RCTs and the “Risk of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies – of Interventions” tool for assessment of observational studies. The summary of the evidence for each PICO was presented to the full panel, and then the panel voted on the recommendations. Results: The initial search retrieved 15,107 unique publications, and 74 were included for data abstraction. Several RCTs were conducted to test pharmacological interventions, and we found that the quality of evidence for nonpharmacological questions was consistently poor. Five PICO questions were supported by strong recommendations

Published
2023

9. Acute Statin Withdrawal Does not Interfere With the Improvements of a Session of Exercise in Postprandial Metabolism.

Author

Alvarez-Jimenez L, Morales-Palomo F, Moreno-Cabañas A, Ortega JF, Mora-Gonzalez D, and Mora-Rodriguez R

Subjects
Humans, Blood Glucose metabolism, Glycerol, Glucose, Triglycerides, Insulin, Lipids, Postprandial Period, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Dyslipidemias drug therapy
Abstract

Background: The risk for atherogenic plaque formation is high after ingestion of meals in individuals with high blood lipid levels (ie, dyslipidemia). Statins and exercise reduce the rise of blood triglyceride concentrations after a meal, but the effect of their combination is unclear., Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 11 individuals with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome treated with statins underwent a mixed-meal (970 ± 111 kcal, 24% fat, and 34% carbohydrate) tolerance test. Plasma lipid concentrations, fat oxidation, glucose, and glycerol kinetics were monitored immediately prior and during the meal test. Trials were conducted with participants under their habitual statin treatment and 96 hours after blinded statin withdrawal. Trials were duplicated after a prolonged bout of low-intensity exercise (75 minutes at 53 ± 4% maximal oxygen consumption) to study the interactions between exercise and statins., Results: Statins reduced postprandial plasma triglycerides from 3.03 ± 0.85 to 2.52 ± 0.86 mmol·L-1 (17%; P = .015) and plasma glycerol concentrations (ie, surrogate of whole-body lipolysis) without reducing plasma free fatty acid concentration or fat oxidation. Prior exercise increased postprandial plasma glycerol levels (P = .029) and fat oxidation rates (P = .024). Exercise decreased postprandial plasma insulin levels (241 ± 116 vs 301 ± 172 ρmol·L-1; P = .026) but not enough to increase insulin sensitivity (P = .614). Neither statins nor exercise affected plasma glucose appearance rates from exogenous or endogenous sources., Conclusions: In dyslipidemic individuals, statins reduce blood triglyceride concentrations after a meal, but without limiting fat oxidation. Statins do not interfere with exercise lowering the postprandial insulin that likely promotes fat oxidation. Last, statins do not restrict the rates of plasma incorporation or oxidation of the ingested glucose., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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10. Effect of statin use on oncologic outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Author

Lebo, Nicole L., Griffiths, Rebecca, Hall, Stephen, Dimitroulakos, Jim, and Johnson‐Obaseki, Stephanie

Subjects
MEDICAL sciences, STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), ONCOLOGY, HEAD & neck cancer patients, HEAD & neck cancer treatment
Abstract

Abstract: Background: Preclinical and early‐phase clinical studies have suggested an oncoprotective role of statins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether incidental statin use in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative HNSCC is predictive of improved oncologic outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1194 patients from the Ontario Cancer Registry diagnosed with HNSCC from 2007 to 2012 was performed using linked databases from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were compared between patients taking statins and controls. Results: Patients with statin exposure demonstrated improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.758; P = .0011; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.642‐0.896), and DSS (HR 0.693; P = .0040; 95% CI 0.539‐0.889) compared with those not on statins at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Incidental statin use at the time of diagnosis of HPV‐negative squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx demonstrated improved OS and DSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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11. Effects of perioperative statins on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis.

Author

Ma, Baoxin, Sun, Jingwu, Diao, Shuling, Zheng, Bo, and Li, Hua

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery. However, controversy remains regarding whether perioperative administration of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has a beneficial effect on patient outcomes. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to validate the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 10 November 2017. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared perioperative statin treatment with control treatment in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery and reported data pertaining to clinical outcomes. Results: Twelve RCTs involving 4707 patients (2371 in the perioperative statin group and 2336 in the control group) were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation were all lower in patients treated with statins than in control group patients, as shown by the fixed-effects model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.460, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.324-0.653, p = 0 for myocardial infarction; OR = 0.617, 95% CI = 0.476-0.801, p = 0 for composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke; OR = 0.406, 95% CI = 0.247-0.666, p = 0 for new atrial fibrillation). No significant differences in the incidences of stroke or transient ischemic attack, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were observed between the statin and control arms. Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that perioperative statins effectively reduce the incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Key Messages: Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery. We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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12. Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors from Gnetum gnemon L. Seed Extract.

Author

Artha, Yuditya, Arrahman, Arif, Azminah, and Yanuar, Arry

Abstract

Objective: Gnetum gnemon L. (melinjo) seed extract contained trans-resveratrol which has been shown to inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Therefore it has a potent activity for lowering blood cholesterol. This study was carried out to determine the molecular dynamics simulation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors from Gnetum gnemon L. seed extract. Methods: Molecular dynamics simulation using AMBER was used. The simulation was set at 300 K as default temperature and 310 K, average human body temperature. The main parameters of this study were ligand-residue interaction, binding affinity, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen bonds analysis, molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA), and molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MMGBSA). Results: In the simulation study, trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, gnemonol M, gnemonoside B, viniferin and gnetin C had shown lower energy than HMG (PDB ID: MAH), the substrate of HMG-CoA Reductase. Free energy binding obtained from simulation was between 11.1 to -31.38 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The simulation at 310 K was preferable than 300 K as more interactions were performed and higher affinity was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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13. Assessment of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring for Statin Treatment Strategy according to ACC/AHA Guidelines in Asymptomatic Korean Adults.

Author

Donghee Han, Bríain Ó Hartaigh, Ji Hyun Lee, Asim Rizvi, Hyo Eun Park, Su-Yeon Choi, Jidong Sung, and Hyuk-Jae Chang

Abstract

Purpose: The 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) cholesterol management guidelines advocate the use of statin treatment for prevention of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the usefulness of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for stratifying potential candidates of statin use among asymptomatic Korean individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 31375 subjects who underwent CAC scoring as part of a general health examination were enrolled in the current study. Statin eligibility was categorized as statin recommended (SR), considered (SC), and not recommended (SN) according to ACC/AHA guidelines. Cox regression analysis was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidential intervals (CI) after stratifying the subjects according to CAC scores of 0, 1-100, and >100. Number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one mortality event during study follow up was calculated for each group. Results: Mean age was 54.4±7.5 years, and 76.3% were male. During a 5-year median follow-up (interquartile range; 3-7), there were 251 (0.8%) deaths from all-causes. A CAC >100 was independently associated with mortality across each statin group after adjusting for cardiac risk factors (e.g., SR: HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07-2.38; SC: HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.09-8.13, and SN: HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.08-9.17). Notably, patients with CAC >100 displayed a lower NNT in comparison to the absence of CAC or CAC 1-100 in SC and SN groups. Conclusion: In Korean asymptomatic individuals, CAC scoring might prove useful for reclassifying patient eligibility for receiving statin therapy based on updated 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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14. Do statins improve the survival time after esophagectomy? —a propensity score matching study

Author

Jia Zhao, Kai Wu, Feng Li, Yang Yang, Yu Qi, Xiangnan Li, Yan-Li Chen, and Song Zhao

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Esophageal cancer, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, statins, Oncology, Esophagectomy, Internal medicine, Propensity score matching, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Original Article, business, survival time
Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) on the prognosis of patients undergoing esophagectomy in a high incidence area. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the database of patients underwent esophagectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Preoperative application of statins for more than one year as the grouping factor. A propensity score matching (PSM) analyses was conducted to reduce heterogeneity and increase the comparability of the two groups, then compared the survival time of the matched groups through the Kaplan-Meier method. All P values were 2-sided and P

Published
2020

15. Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio e do uso de estatinas sobre o perfil lipídico de animais com dislipidemia.

Author

Falangola Accioly, Marilita, Trevizan Padulla, Susimary Aparecida, do Carmo, Edna Maria, Silva Camargo Filho, José Carlos, Brandão, Antônio Carlos, and Silva Souza, Dorotéia Rossi

Subjects
DYSLIPIDEMIA, STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), ANIMAL models in research, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento: RBCM is the property of Revista Brasileira de Ciencia e Movimento and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2016
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16. Myopathy with DPP-4 inhibitors and statins in the real world: investigating the likelihood of drug–drug interactions through the FDA adverse event reporting system

Author

Antoine Pariente, Emanuele Forcesi, Francesco Salvo, Giulio Marchesini, Emanuel Raschi, Fabrizio De Ponti, Elisabetta Poluzzi, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Antonazzo, I, Poluzzi, E, Forcesi, E, Salvo, F, Pariente, A, Marchesini, G, De Ponti, F, Raschi, E, Antonazzo I.C., Poluzzi E., Forcesi E., Salvo F., Pariente A., Marchesini G., De Ponti F., and Raschi E.

Subjects
Male, Oncology, Myopathy, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Adverse Event Reporting System, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Odds Ratio, Drug Interactions, Vildagliptin, Hypolipidemic Agents, media_common, Hypolipidemic Agent, FAERS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Female, medicine.symptom, Human, medicine.drug, United State, Adult, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Drug interaction, media_common.quotation_subject, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Antidiabetic drug, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Muscular Diseases, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Humans, Adverse effect, Aged, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors, Muscular Disease, United States Food and Drug Administration, business.industry, Odds ratio, United States, Confidence interval, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business
Abstract

Aims: To investigate the occurrence of myopathy with oral glucose-lowering drugs (OGLDs) and statins, with a focus on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-is). Methods: The FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) was queried (2004–2016) to compare the proportion of adverse events with OGLDs, alone and in combination with statins, using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with relevant 95% confidence interval (95%Cl), adjusted for sex, age and concomitant presence of other OGLDs/lipid-lowering drugs. Drug–drug interaction is claimed whenever the frequency of an event is enhanced by combination treatment. Consistency/robustness of findings was tested by applying additive/multiplicative models and accounting for competition bias (i.e., adverse events previously known to be associated with OGLDs were removed). Results: Over a 13-year period, we retrieved 142,888 cases of myopathy. The use of DPP4-is alone was not associated with higher reporting of myopathy (no. of cases = 4898; adjusted ROR = 1.00; 95%CI = 0.96–1.04), with the notable exclusion of vildagliptin (262; 1.64; 1.42–1.88). No increased occurrence emerged when used in combination with statins, with consistent findings from additive/multiplicative models for all DPP4-is. Likewise, no increased reporting was found for other OGLDs (28,964; 0.64; 0.62–0.67); data on the interaction with statins were consistent/robust across analyses only for sulfonylureas (the interaction is likely and biologically plausible) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: Real-world FAERS data do not raise concern for muscular toxicity with DPP4-is in combination with statins, making a drug interaction very unlikely.

Published
2019

17. Statin Use and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Abiraterone Acetate

Author

Bruno Daniele, Teresa Bellelli, Franco Morelli, Gaetano Facchini, Gregory R. Pond, Sarah Scagliarini, Giacomo Cartenì, Guru Sonpavde, Sabino De Placido, Matteo Ferro, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Sabrina Rossetti, Piera Federico, Carlo Buonerba, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Di Lorenzo, G., Sonpavde, G., Pond, G., Lucarelli, G., Rossetti, S., Facchini, G., Scagliarini, S., Carteni, G., Federico, P., Daniele, B., Morelli, F., Bellelli, T., Ferro, M., De Placido, S., and Buonerba, C.

Subjects
Male, Oncology, Abiraterone Acetate, Antineoplastic Agent, Prostate cancer, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neoplasm Metastasis, Abiraterone, Multivariate Analysi, Medical record, Hazard ratio, Abiraterone acetate, Kallikrein, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Neoplasm Metastasi, Survival Rate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Kallikreins, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, Prognosi, medicine.drug_class, Urology, Antineoplastic Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Aged, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Prostate-Specific Antigen, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, chemistry, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Model, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business
Abstract

Background Although statin use has been associated with favorable effects in various solid malignancies, no conclusive evidence is available at present. Statins are safe and inexpensive, and may synergize with novel antiandrogen agents abiraterone via pharmacokinetic interactions and decrease substrate availability for de novo androgen biosynthesis. Objective To determine whether statin use affects survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone. Design, setting, and participants Medical records of patients with documented mCRPC between September 2011 and August 2016 were reviewed at multiple participating centers. This research was conducted in ten institutions, including both referral centers and local hospitals. A total of 187 patients receiving abiraterone for mCRPC between September 2011 and August 2016 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), statin use at the time of treatment initiation, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) variations, and other variables of interest. Univariable and multivariable analysis was used to explore the association of variables of interest with OS and PSA declines. Results and limitations Statin use was a significant prognostic factor for longer OS in univariable (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.72; p p 50% decline at 12 wk: 72.1% in statin users vs 38.5% in non-users; p Conclusions Our study suggests a prognostic impact of statin use in patients receiving abiraterone for mCRPC. The mechanism of this interaction warrants elucidation, but may include enhancement of the antitumor activity of abiraterone as well as cardioprotective effects. Patient summary We assessed the effects of statin use in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving abiraterone. Patients treated with a statin plus abiraterone appeared to live longer than those treated with abiraterone only. Since no negative drug-drug interaction is known and statins are widely used and inexpensive, further studies assessing the use of abiraterone plus statins are warranted.

Published
2018

18. Influence of rosuvastatin on apolipoproteins and coagulation factor levels: Results from the STAtin Reduce Thrombophilia trial.

Author

Camilleri E, van Rein N, van Vlijmen BJM, Biedermann JS, Kruip MJHA, Leebeek FW, van der Meer FJ, Cobbaert CM, Cannegieter SC, and Lijfering WM

Abstract

Background: The STAtins Reduce Thrombophilia trial showed that, in patients with prior venous thrombosis, rosuvastatin decreased various coagulation factor levels., Objectives: Here, we investigated the hypothesis that statins decrease coagulation factor levels through shared mechanisms of synthesis or regulatory pathways with apolipoproteins., Methods: We measured the levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I, A-II, A-IV, (a), B-100, B-total, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E in patients (n = 126) randomized to 28 days of rosuvastatin use. We assessed the association between apolipoproteins and coagulation factors at baseline using linear regression. The mean difference in apolipoprotein levels between baseline and after 28 days of rosuvastatin use was determined through linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Coagulation factors were added to this model to determine if the lowering of apolipoproteins by rosuvastatin was linked with coagulation factor levels., Results: At baseline, levels of all apolipoproteins, except Apo(a), were positively associated with FVII, FIX, and FXI. Apolipoproteins levels, except for ApoA-I, A-IV, and Apo(a), were decreased after 28 days of rosuvastatin. ApoB-100 showed the largest mean decrease of -0.43 g/L (95% CI = -0.46 to -0.40). The decrease in ApoC-I and C-III levels was associated with a decrease in FVII, whereas the decrease in apoA-II, B-100, and B-total was associated with a decrease in FXI. The decrease in apolipoproteins was neither associated with FVIII or vWF decrease nor with endogenous thrombin potential changes., Conclusions: Rosuvastatin decreases the level of several apolipoproteins, but this decrease was associated only with a decrease in FVII and XI and not with FVIII/vWF., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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19. Effect of statin therapy on paraoxonase-1 status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 clinical trials.

Author

Ferretti, Gianna, Bacchetti, Tiziana, and Sahebkar, Amirhossein

Subjects
*STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), *PARAOXONASE, *DRUG therapy, *DRUG efficacy, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *META-analysis
Abstract

Background Decreased activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) has been demonstrated in cardiovascular diseases. Statins, the forefront of pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia, have been shown to enhance PON1 activity but clinical findings have not been conclusive. Objective To systematically review the clinical findings on the impact of statin therapy on PON1 status (protein concentrations and activities of paraoxonase and arylesterase) and calculate an effect size for the mentioned effects through meta-analysis of available data. Methods Scopus and Medline databases were searched to identify clinical trials. A random-effects model and the generic inverse variance method were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the one-study remove approach. Random-effects meta-regression was performed to assess the impact of potential confounders on the estimated effect sizes. Results Meta-analysis suggested that statin therapy is associated with a significant elevation of PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, but not PON1 protein concentration. The PON1-enhancing effects of statins were robust in the sensitivity analyses and were independent of statin dose, treatment duration and changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Conclusion The increase of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with statins is a pleiotropic lipid-independent clinical benefit that may partly explain the putative effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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20. Effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major surgery: Systemic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Pan, Szu‐Yu, Wu, Vin‐Cent, Huang, Tao‐Min, Chou, Hou‐Chang, Ko, Wen‐Je, Wu, Kwan‐Dun, and Lee, Chien‐Chang

Subjects
*STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), *KIDNEY injuries, *SURGICAL complications, *HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL coenzyme A reductases, *META-analysis, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

We aimed to examine the association between preoperative use of statins and postoperative acute kidney injury ( AKI) in patients undergoing major surgery by performing a systemic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE, from inception to April 2013, and the reference lists of related articles were searched for relevant studies. Trials comparing preoperative statin therapy with no preoperative statin in patients undergoing major surgery were included. Outcome measures of interest were the risk of cumulative postoperative AKI and postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy ( RRT). Fixed or random effect meta-analysis was performed to derive summary effect estimates. In five randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) and 19 observational studies, comprising a total of 989 173 patients undergoing major surgery, 112 840 patients (11.41%) received preoperative statin therapy. The specific type, dosage, and duration of statin therapy were not available in most studies. Preoperative statin therapy was associated with a significant risk reduction for cumulative postoperative AKI (weighted summary odds ratio ( OR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95). The effect of risk reduction was also significant when considering postoperative AKI requiring RRT ( OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90). When restricting the analysis to the five RCTs, preoperative statin therapy did not show significant protective effect on postoperative AKI ( OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.09). In patients undergoing major surgery, preoperative statin therapy could associate with a reduced risk for postoperative AKI. However, considerable heterogeneity existed among included studies. Future randomized trials were warranted for this critical clinical question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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21. The value of the polypill in cardiovascular disease: an Italian multidisciplinary Delphi panel consensus

Author

Paola Minghetti, Vincenzo Misciagna, Enrica Menditto, Stefania Lopatriello, Gaetano Piccinocchi, Stefano Bianchi, Gianluca Trifirò, Chiara Izzi, Giorgia Gambarelli, Francesco Scaglione, Davide Cafiero, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Tiberio Corona, Daria Putignano, Perrone-Filardi, P., Minghetti, P., Menditto, E., Bianchi, S., Scaglione, F., Trifiro, G., Piccinocchi, G., Corona, T., Gambarelli, G., Izzi, C., Misciagna, V., Putignano, D., Lopatriello, S., and Cafiero, D.

Subjects
Delphi Technique, Delphi method, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Multidisciplinary approach, Voting, Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Combination, Preventive Health Services, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital pharmacy, Polypill, Intersectoral Collaboration, media_common, General Medicine, Heart Disease Risk Factor, Drug Combinations, Antihypertensive Agent, Systematic review, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, polypill, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Medication Therapy Management, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Consensu, Medication Adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, Delphi panel, Humans, Antihypertensive Agents, Health economics, Aspirin, business.industry, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor, experts, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Family medicine, Interdisciplinary Communication, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

The purpose of this work was to reach the consensus of a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder Italian panel on the value of polypill in cardiovascular disease, with respect to the clinical, technological, economic and organizational dimension. A three-step modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus. Eleven experts in the area of cardiology, pharmaceutical technology, general practice, hospital pharmacy, pharmacology, and health economics participated in the expert panel. To identify existing evidence concerning the value of polypill in the prevention of patients with cardiovascular disease, a systematic literature review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. In the first round, 22 statements were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to mark 'agree' or 'disagree' for each statement and provide any comments. The same voting method was again used for the second round. In the first round nine statements met consensus. In the second round, 10 statements reached consensus. Overall, consensus was reached for 19 statements representing five value polypill domains: clinical, technological, economic and organizational. During a final web meeting with all panel members consensus document open points were discussed. Panel members agreed to recognize polypill as effective in reducing cardiovascular events, blood pressure and lipids, cardiovascular risk and the weight of therapy, in therapeutic adherence improvement, in the absence of differences in bioavailability between drugs administered in fixed or free combinations and the better cost-effectiveness profile compared with standard care. This document represents a knowledge framework to inform decision makers of the value of polypill in cardiovascular prevention.

Published
2021

22. Preadmission Statin Therapy and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: An Italian Multicenter Observational Study

Author

Luigi Nunziata, Stefano Albani, Marco Di Maio, Guido Parodi, Angelo Silverio, Ferdinando Varbella, Fernando Scudiero, Antonello D'Andrea, Giuseppe Musumeci, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Emilio Attena, Vincenzo Russo, Dario Celentani, Russo, V., Silverio, A., Scudiero, F., Attena, E., D'Andrea, A., Nunziata, L., Parodi, G., Celentani, D., Varbella, F., Albani, S., Musumeci, G., Di Micco, P., and Di Maio, M.

Subjects
Male, ARDS, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Time Factor, Prognosi, acute distress respiratory syndrome, Comorbidity, Risk Assessment, Coronary artery disease, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Dyslipidemias, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Pharmacology, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Risk Factor, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Emergency department, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, mortality, Hospitalization, Dyslipidemia, Italy, statin therapy, Disease Progression, Population study, Original Article, Female, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk assessment, Kidney disease, Human
Abstract

Statin therapy has been recently suggested as possible adjuvant treatment to improve the clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of preadmission statin therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to investigate its potential association with acute distress respiratory syndrome (ARDS) at admission and in-hospital mortality. We retrospectively recruited 467 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the emergency department of 10 Italian hospitals. The study population was divided in 2 groups according to the ARDS diagnosis at admission and in-hospital mortality. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of ARDS at admission and death during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19. A competing risk analysis in patients taking or not statins before admission was also performed. ARDS at admission was reported in 122 cases (26.1%). There was no statistically significant difference for clinical characteristics between patients presenting with and without ARDS. One hundred seven patients (18.5%) died during the hospitalization; they showed increased age (69.6 ± 13.1 vs. 66.1 ± 14.9; P = 0.001), coronary artery disease (23.4% vs. 12.8%; P = 0.012), and chronic kidney disease (20.6% vs. 11.1%; P = 0.018) prevalence; moreover, they presented more frequently ARDS at admission (48.6% vs. 19.4%; P < 0.001). At multivariable regression model, statin therapy was not associated neither with ARDS at admission nor with in-hospital mortality. Preadmission statin therapy does not seem to show a protective effect in severe forms of COVID-19 complicated by ARDS at presentation and rapidly evolving toward death.

Published
2021

23. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Author

Jie Lin, Snejana Tisheva, Ishwar C. Verma, Francesco Cipollone, Liam R. Brunham, Florentina Predica, Perla A.C. Gonzalez, Jocelyne Inamo, André R. Miserez, Belma Pojskic, Michel Farnier, Avishay Ellis, Katia Bonomo, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani, Maria Grazia Zenti, Humberto A. Lopez, Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Alexey Meshkov, Jose P. de Moura, Muthukkaruppan Annamalai, Raul D. Santos, F. Paillard, Maria Del Ben, Jan Lacko, Miguel T. Rico, Ximena Reyes, Laura E.G. de Leon, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Ulrich Julius, Mohammed A. Batais, Dieter Böhm, Ta-Chen Su, Takuya Kobayashi, Magdalena Chmara, Marco Gebauer, Marcos M. Lima-Martínez, Ravshanbek D. Kurbanov, Daisaku Masuda, Amro El-Hadidy, Melanie Schüler, Francisco Fuentes, Florian J. Mayer, Helena Vaverkova, F. Ulrich Beil, Juraj Bujdak, Mario Stoll, Isabelle Ruel, Elena Dorn, Thomas M. Stulnig, Abubaker Elfatih, Rano B. Alieva, Jiri Vesely, Valérie Carreau, Cristina M. Sibaja, Sophie Béliard, Olivier Ziegler, Adriana Branchi, Daniel Schurr, G.B. John Mancini, Tai E. Shyong, Eric L.T. Siang, Mafalda Bourbon, Zerrin Yigit, Meral Kayıkçıoğlu, Jacques Genest, Wei Yu, Michal Vrablík, Shavkat U. Hoshimov, Dan Gaita, Antonio Pipolo, Ashraf H.A. AlQudaimi, Walter Speidl, Gianfranco Parati, Zaliha Ismail, Victoria M. Zubieta, René Valéro, Tomas Salek, Hana Halamkova, Gustavs Latkovskis, Nicole Allendorf-Ostwald, Agnes Perrin, Vladimir Soska, Anastasia Garoufi, Francisco Araujo, Nacu C. Portilla, Thomas Segiet, Charalambos Koumaras, Hila Knobler, Fatih Sivri, Hani Altaradi, Ivan Pećin, Long Jiang, Alexander Dressel, Marlena Woś, Jana Franekova, D. Agapakis, Quitéria Rato, Dirk J. Blom, Marcin A. Bartlomiejczyk, Krzysztof Dyrbuś, Maurizio Averna, Phivos Symeonides, Yung A. Chua, Asim Rana, András Nagy, Juan C.G. Cuellar, Alexander Jäkel, Maya Safarova, Neama Luqman, Amalia-Despoina Koutsogianni, Patrick Tounian, Jose A. Alvarez, Ada Cuevas, Corinna Richter, Sybil Charrieres, Vitaliy Zafiraki, Michalis Doumas, Angela Lux, Thanh Huong Truong, Elaine Chow, José Luis Díaz-Díaz, Jesus R.H. Almada, Sabine Füllgraf-Horst, Gustavo G. Retana, Claudio Borghi, Gianni Biolo, Ivajlo Tzvetkov, Patrícia Pais, Mehmet Akbulut, Kumiko Nagahama, Oner Ozdogan, Frank Leistikow, Jianxun He, Alexander R.M. Lyons, Poranee Ganokroj, Luis E.S. Mendia, Ann-Cathrin Koschker, Gabriela A.G. Ramirez, Dainus Gilis, Karin Balinth, José Ramiro Cruz, Paolo Calabrò, Alberico L. Catapano, Emmanouil Skalidis, Hamida Al-Barwani, Genovefa Kolovou, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Yoto Yotov, Yaacov Henkin, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Aimi Z. Razman, Alma B.M. Rodriguez, Hans Dieplinger, Darlington E. Obaseki, Ursulo J. Herrera, Arcangelo Iannuzzi, Christoph Säly, Elena Olmastroni, Francisco G. Padilla, S.A. Nazli, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Miriam Kozárová, Urh Groselj, Igor Shaposhnik, Lorenzo Iughetti, Nawal Rwaili, Cinthia E. Jannes, Andrea Bartuli, Mikhail Voevoda, Marat V. Ezhov, Yanyu Duan, Alper Sonmez, Mustafa Yenercag, Ariane Sultan, Natasza Gilis-Malinowska, Tavintharan Subramaniam, Mohamed Ashraf, Jing Pang, Kota Matsuki, Tao Jiang, Gerald Klose, Eduardo A.R. Rodriguez, Lucie Solcova, Riccardo Sarzani, Mahmoud Traina, Alejandra Vázquez Cárdenas, Gordon A. Francis, Adolat V. Ziyaeva, Ronen Durst, Maciej Banach, Francisco Silva, Heribert Schunkert, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Ziyou Liu, Ahmad Bakhtiar Md Radzi, Hana Rosolova, Andrea Bäßler, Abdulhalim Jamal Kinsara, Noël Peretti, Victor Gurevich, Margarita T. Tamayo, Abdullah Tuncez, Florian Höllerl, Ljubica Stosic, Jianguang Qi, Anja Kirschbaum, Jitendra P.S. Sawhney, Michael Scholl, Kausik K. Ray, Mohamed Bendary, Hapizah Nawawi, Adrienne Tarr, Barbora Nussbaumerova, B.C. Brice, Kurt Huber, Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim, A. Rahman A. Jamal, Vaclava Palanova, Giacomo Biasucci, Pucong Ye, Eva Cubova, Roopa Mehta, Rüdiger Schweizer, Veronica Zampoleri, Jacek Jóźwiak, Alyaa Al-Khateeb, Jing Hong, Katarina Raslova, Kirsten B. Holven, Tatiana Rozkova, Reinhold Busch, Alexander Klabnik, Konrad Hein, Eloy A.Z. Carrillo, Robin Urbanek, Livia Pisciotta, Fatma Y. Coskun, Jose J.G. Garcia, Valerio Pecchioli, Azra D. Nalbantic, Weerapan Khovidhunkit, Jernej Kovac, Michaela Kadurova, Mohammed Al-Jarallah, Vita Saripo, Christos V. Rizos, Jie Peng, Ang L. Chua, Dorothee Deiss, Nor A.A. Murad, Aneta Stróżyk, See Kwok, Gökhan Alici, Gillian J. Pilcher, John J.P. Kastelein, Dmitry Duplyakov, Calin Lengher, Milena Budikova, C. Azzopardi, Christina Antza, Luis E.V. Arroyo, Khalid Al-Jumaily, Ahmad Al-Sarraf, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Erkayim Bektasheva, Arta Upena-RozeMicena, Qian Wang, Xumin Wang, Leah Leavit, Radzi Rahmat, Selim Topcu, Željko Reiner, Lorenzo Maroni, Matija Cevc, Elizabeth R. Cooremans, Masatsune Ogura, Tevfik Sabuncu, Ruy D Arjona Villicaña, Andrea Giaccari, Xuesong Fan, Auryan Szalat, Sanjaya Dissanayake, Etienne Khoury, Anja Vogt, Hermann Toplak, Alexis Baass, Isabel Palma, Gaelle Sablon, Dana A. Hay, Ya Yang, Margus Viigimaa, Erik S.G. Stroes, Dror Harats, Konstantin Krychtiuk, Zesen Liu, Aleksandra Parczewska, Yves Cottin, Yichen Qu, Mathilde Di-Fillipo, Agnieszka Konopka, Lamija Pojskic, Guadalupe J. Dominguez, Ahmet Temizhan, Roberto C. Chacon, Ibrahim E. Dural, Qiang Yong, G. Kees Hovingh, Kang Meng, Sandra Kutkiene, Julie Lemale, Reinhold Innerhofer, Alexandros D. Tselepis, Handrean Soran, Wolfgang König, Bassam Atallah, Olena Mitchenko, Jana Cepova, Eduardo M. Rodriguez, Ulrich Laufs, Norhidayah Rosman, Alena Lubasova, V. Durlach, Frederick J. Raal, Elyor Khodzhiboboev, Cristina Pederiva, Hui Yuan, Ashraf Reda, Fahad Alnouri, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Thanh T. Le, Jana Sirotiakova, Régis Hankard, Hector E.A. Cazares, Betsabel Rodriguez, Lenka Pavlickova, Assen Goudev, Julius Katzmann, Diana Boger, Wael Almahmeed, Katarina T. Podkrajsek, Sabina Zambon, Fahri Bayram, Nadia Citroni, Samir Rafla, Vincent Rigalleau, Aleksandr B. Shek, Hani Sabbour, Berenice G. Guzman, Shoshi Shpitzen, Eric Tarantino, Ahmed Bendary, Fedya Nikolov, Jean Bergeron, Stefan Kopf, Iva Rasulic, Gerald F. Watts, Muhammad I.A. Hafidz, Mehmet B. Yilmaz, Kathrin Biolik, Ira A. Haack, Robert A. Hegele, Sonia Dulong, Bartosz Wasąg, Osama Sanad, Susana Correia, Zhenjia Wang, Dana Biedermann, Christel König, Helena Podzimkova, Ihab Daoud, Mohammad Alghamdi, Dražen Perica, László Márk, Iosif Koutagiar, Volkan Dogan, Vladimir Blaha, Chandrashekhar K. Ponde, Katerina Valoskova, Amer A. Jabbar, Azhari Rosman, Sazzli Kasim, Mesut Demir, Ulugbek I. Nizamov, Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo, Dilek Yesilbursa, Atef Elbahry, Arshad Abdulrasheed, Omer A. Elamin, Vasileios Athyros, Joanna Lewek, Gergely Nagy, Ursula Kassner, Jian Jiao, Klaus G. Parhofer, Charlotte Nzeyimana, Marcin Pajkowski, Stanislav Zemek, Jose J.C. Macías, Cornelius Müller, G. Sfikas, Leopoldo Pérez de Isla, Yulia Ragino, Fahad Al-Zadjali, Abdul Rais Sanusi, Anna Rita Roscini, Jean Ferrières, Selim Jambart, Jean Pierre Rabes, Laura Schreier, Hofit Cohen, Olivier S. Descamps, N. Lalic, Christine Stumpp, Antonio J. Vallejo-Vaz, Jutta Christmann, Manuela Casula, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Olga Lunegova, Ewa Starostecka, Nicolas D. Oca, Alain Carrié, Achilleas Attilakos, Savas Ozer, Andreea Dumitrescu, Jürgen Merke, Urte Aliosaitiene, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Manuel O. De los Rios Ibarra, Maria J. Virtuoso, Alessandro Lupi, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Ruth Agar, Dorota Ferrieres, George Liamis, José Eduardo Krieger, Mariann Harangi, Fouzia Sadiq, Francois Schiele, Saif Kamal, Mária Audikovszky, Peter Baumgartner, Marta Gazzotti, Daniel Gaudet, Ashanty F. Ortega, Marcin Gruchała, Philippe Moulin, Ljiljana Popovic, Luca Bonanni, E. Kiouri, Mika Hori, Chiara Trenti, Elena Repetti, Carlo Sabbà, Sophie Bernard, Alejandro R. Zazueta, Mirac Vural, Jesus R. Gonzalez, C. Stevens, Francesca Carubbi, Wenhui Wen, Sabri Demircan, Kanika I. Dharmayat, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Elizabete Terauda, Claudia Zemmrich, Alphonsus Isara, Fabiola L. Sobrevilla, Anell Hernandez Garcia, Ibrahim Sisic, Justin T. I-Shing, Yvonne Winhofer-Stöckl, Luya Wang, Manfred Mayer, Mohanad Al-ageedi, Judith Wiener, Mohammed Al-Kindi, Anis Safura Ramli, Yan Chen, Denis Angoulvant, Aytekin Oguz, K.H. Wolmarans, Claudio Ferri, Tomáš Freiberger, Lubomira Cermakova, Julieta D.M. Portano, Pierre Henri Ducluzeau, Katerina Vonaskova, Levent H. Can, Mario H.F. Andrade, György Paragh, C. Ebenbichler, Karina J.A. Rivera, Alia Khudari, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Ana C. Alves, Victoria Korneva, Sandra Singh, Georgia Anastasiou, Nur S. Hamzan, Massimo Federici, Lale Tokgozoglu, Hector G. Alcala, Oana Moldovan, Giuseppe Mandraffino, Swarup A.V. Shah, Lukas Burda, Ersel Onrat, Manuel de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo, Mirjana Radovic, Arman Postadzhiyan, Nien-Tzu Chang, Aylin Yildirir, Martin Mäser, Bruno Fink, Svetlana Mosteoru, Ulrike Schatz, Luis A.V. Talavera, Magdalena Dusejovska, Richard Ceska, Faisal A. Al-Allaf, T.F. Ashavaid, Gereon Böll, Sona Machacova, Gonzalo C. Vargas, Antonio Gallo, Elina Pantchechnikova, Lukas Tichy, Gersina Rega-Kaun, Moses Elisaf, Branislav Vohnout, Antonio Bossi, Suad Al-Mukhaini, Natasa Rajkovic, Ursa Sustar, Merih Kutlu, Mohamed Sobhy, Britta Otte, Ana M. Medeiros, Borut Jug, Patrick Couture, Rodrigo Alonso, Wolfgang Seeger, Guzal J. Abdullaeva, Ahmet Celik, Nasreen Al-Sayed, Béla Benczúr, Petra E. Khoury, Rafezah Razali, Ma L.R. Osorio, Ruiying Zhang, Monica M.N. Usme, Humberto Garcia Aguilar, Ceyhun Ceyhan, Antje Spens, Christoph J. Binder, Volker Schrader, Terrance C.S. Jin, Neftali E.A. Villa, Aleksandra Michalska-Grzonkowska, Francesco Purrello, Marshima M. Rosli, Vincent Maher, Dilshad Rasul, Ines Colaço, Ornella Guardamagna, Giuliana Mombelli, Khalid F. AlHabib, Fahmi Alkaf, Marianne Benn, Youmna Ghaleb, Arsenio V. Vazquez, Lakshmi L. Reddy, Salih Kilic, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, E. Bilianou, Rossella Marcucci, Sandro Muntoni, Kurt Widhalm, Evangelos A. Zacharis, Kuznetsova T. Yu, Eric Bruckert, Antonia Sonntag, Katerina Rehouskova, Josè Pablo Werba, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Myra Tilney, Dov Gavishv, A.M. Fiorenza, Zdenka Krejsova, Hong A. Le, Andrey V. Susekov, Isabel Klein, Mai N.T. Nguyen, Andrejs Erglis, Muge Ildizli, Diane Brisson, Salmi Razali, Winfried März, Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo, Justyna Borowiec-Wolna, Ingrid Buganova, Ngoc T. Kim, Yue Wu, István Reiber, Jose C.A. Martinez, Pavel Malina, Sandy Elbitar, Stephan Matthias, Ali F. Abdalsahib, Zlatko Fras, Wilson E Sadoh, Lucas Kleemann, Tayfun Sahin, Martin P. Bogsrud, Fabio Pellegatta, Mohamed A. Shafy, Yuntao Li, Martine Paquette, Zuhier Awan, Arturo Pujia, Xiantao Song, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Ioannis Skoumas, Roman Cibulka, Tadej Battelino, Mariusz Gąsior, Ghada Kazamel, Lahore S.U. Shah, Eran Leitersdorf, Niki Katsiki, Daniel Elías-López, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Grete Talviste, Sarka Mala, Rocio M. Alvarado, Pavel Kraml, Gerret Paulsen, Angelina Passaro, Zsolt Karányi, Carine Ayoub, Vera Adamkova, Ivo Petrov, Turky H. Almigbal, Rohana Abdul Ghani, Franck Boccara, Brian W. McCrindle, François Martin, Jamshed J. Dalal, Shitong Cheng, Khalid Al-Waili, Chaoyi Zhang, Ramon M. Prado, Lubica Cibickova, Lubomira Fabryova, Tobias Wiesner, Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul Rahman, Tan J. Le, Marcello Arca, Sabine Scholl-Bürgi, Juan R. Saucedo, Georgijs Nesterovics, Carla V.M. Valencia, Alexander Stadelmann, Vasileios Kotsis, Lina Badimon, Shizuya Yamashita, Jose C.M. Oyervides, Lay K. Teh, Susanne Greber-Platzer, Marianne Abifadel, Ruta Meiere, Wibke Reinhard, Pablo Corral, Nina Schmidt, Alain Pradignac, A. David Marais, Marta Jordanova, Marzena Romanowska-Kocejko, Johannes Scholl, Brian Tomlinson, Laura G.G. Herrera, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Pedro Mata, Sameh Emil, Matej Mlinaric, Emile Ferrari, Suraya Abdul Razak, Alexandra Ershova, Andrie G. Panayiotou, Alinna Y.R. Garcia, Kairat Davletov, Katarina Lalic, Doan L. Do, Krzysztof Chlebus, Ricardo A. Carrera, Daniel I.P. Vazquez, Nikolaos Sakkas, Liyuan Xu, Mays Altaey, Aysa Hacioglu, Alexandro J. Martagon, Marta Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Michael Schömig, Jürgen Homberger, Andrea Benso, Bertrand Cariou, Ardon Rubinstein, Omer Gedikli, Emre Durakoglugil, Mei Chong, Bahadir Kirilmaz, Suhaila Abd Muid, Jose M. Salgado, Berenice P. Aparicio, Mutaz Alkhnifsawi, Bruno Vergès, Cécile Yelnik, Goreti Lobarinhas, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Sylvia Asenjo, Aytul B. Yildirim, László Bajnok, Vallejo-Vaz A.J., Stevens C.A.T., Lyons A.R.M., Dharmayat K.I., Freiberger T., Hovingh G.K., Mata P., Raal F.J., Santos R.D., Soran H., Watts G.F., Abifadel M., Aguilar-Salinas C.A., Alhabib K.F., Alkhnifsawi M., Almahmeed W., Alnouri F., Alonso R., Al-Rasadi K., Al-Sarraf A., Al-Sayed N., Araujo F., Ashavaid T.F., Banach M., Beliard S., Benn M., Binder C.J., Bogsrud M.P., Bourbon M., Chlebus K., Corral P., Davletov K., Descamps O.S., Durst R., Ezhov M., Gaita D., Genest J., Groselj U., Harada-Shiba M., Holven K.B., Kayikcioglu M., Khovidhunkit W., Lalic K., Latkovskis G., Laufs U., Liberopoulos E., Lima-Martinez M.M., Lin J., Maher V., Marais A.D., Marz W., Mirrakhimov E., Miserez A.R., Mitchenko O., Nawawi H., Nordestgaard B.G., Panayiotou A.G., Paragh G., Petrulioniene Z., Pojskic B., Postadzhiyan A., Raslova K., Reda A., Reiner, Sadiq F., Sadoh W.E., Schunkert H., Shek A.B., Stoll M., Stroes E., Su T.-C., Subramaniam T., Susekov A.V., Tilney M., Tomlinson 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Jiao J., Wu Y., Wen W., Xu L., Zhang R., Qu Y., He J., Fan X., Wang Z., Chow E., Pecin I., Perica D., Symeonides P., Vrablik M., Ceska R., Soska V., Tichy L., Adamkova V., Franekova J., Cifkova R., Kraml P., Vonaskova K., Cepova J., Dusejovska M., Pavlickova L., Blaha V., Rosolova H., Nussbaumerova B., Cibulka R., Vaverkova H., Cibickova L., Krejsova Z., Rehouskova K., Malina P., Budikova M., Palanova V., Solcova L., Lubasova A., Podzimkova H., Bujdak J., Vesely J., Jordanova M., Salek T., Urbanek R., Zemek S., Lacko J., Halamkova H., Machacova S., Mala S., Cubova E., Valoskova K., Burda L., Bendary A., Daoud I., Emil S., Elbahry A., Rafla S., Sanad O., Kazamel G., Ashraf M., Sobhy M., El-Hadidy A., Shafy M.A., Kamal S., Bendary M., Talviste G., Angoulvant D., Boccara F., Cariou B., Carreau V., Carrie A., Charrieres S., Cottin Y., Di-Fillipo M., Ducluzeau P.H., Dulong S., Durlach V., Farnier M., Ferrari E., Ferrieres D., Ferrieres J., Gallo A., hankard R., Inamo J., Lemale J., Moulin P., Paillard F., Peretti N., Perrin A., Pradignac A., Rabes J.P., Rigalleau V., Sultan A., Schiele F., Tounian P., Valero R., Verges B., Yelnik C., Ziegler O., Haack I.A., Schmidt N., Dressel A., Klein I., Christmann J., Sonntag A., Stumpp C., Boger D., Biedermann D., Usme M.M.N., Beil F.U., Klose G., Konig C., Gouni-Berthold I., Otte B., Boll G., Kirschbaum A., Merke J., Scholl J., Segiet T., Gebauer M., Predica F., Mayer M., Leistikow F., Fullgraf-Horst S., Muller C., Schuler M., Wiener J., Hein K., Baumgartner P., Kopf S., Busch R., Schomig M., Matthias S., Allendorf-Ostwald N., Fink B., Bohm D., Jakel A., Koschker A.-C., Schweizer R., Vogt A., Parhofer K., Konig W., Reinhard W., Bassler A., Stadelmann A., Schrader V., Katzmann J., Tarr A., Steinhagen-Thiessen E., Kassner U., Paulsen G., Homberger J., Zemmrich C., Seeger W., Biolik K., Deiss D., Richter C., Pantchechnikova E., Dorn E., Schatz U., Julius U., Spens A., Wiesner T., Scholl M., Rizos C.V., Sakkas N., Elisaf M., Skoumas I., Tziomalos K., Rallidis L., Kotsis V., Doumas M., Athyros V., Skalidis E., Kolovou G., Garoufi A., Bilianou E., Koutagiar I., Agapakis D., Kiouri E., Antza C., Katsiki N., Zacharis E., Attilakos A., Sfikas G., Koumaras C., Anagnostis P., Anastasiou G., Liamis G., Koutsogianni A.-D., Karanyi Z., Harangi M., Bajnok L., Audikovszky M., Mark L., Benczur B., Reiber I., Nagy G., Nagy A., Reddy L.L., Shah S.A.V., Ponde C.K., Dalal J.J., Sawhney J.P.S., Verma I.C., Altaey M., Al-Jumaily K., Rasul D., Abdalsahib A.F., Jabbar A.A., Al-ageedi M., Agar R., Cohen H., Ellis A., Gavishv D., Harats D., Henkin Y., Knobler H., Leavit L., Leitersdorf E., Rubinstein A., Schurr D., Shpitzen S., Szalat A., Casula M., Zampoleri V., Gazzotti M., Olmastroni E., Sarzani R., Ferri C., Repetti E., Sabba C., Bossi A.C., Borghi C., Muntoni S., Cipollone F., Purrello F., Pujia A., Passaro A., Marcucci R., Pecchioli V., Pisciotta L., Mandraffino G., Pellegatta F., Mombelli G., Branchi A., Fiorenza A.M., Pederiva 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B., Stoll, M., Stroes, E., Su, T. -C., Subramaniam, T., Susekov, A. V., Tilney, M., Tomlinson, B., Truong, T. H., Tselepis, A. D., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Vazquez Cardenas, A., Viigimaa, M., Wang, L., Yamashita, S., Kastelein, J. J. P., Bruckert, E., Vohnout, B., Schreier, L., Pang, J., Ebenbichler, C., Dieplinger, H., Innerhofer, R., Winhofer-Stockl, Y., Greber-Platzer, S., Krychtiuk, K., Speidl, W., Toplak, H., Widhalm, K., Stulnig, T., Huber, K., Hollerl, F., Rega-Kaun, G., Kleemann, L., Maser, M., Scholl-Burgi, S., Saly, C., Mayer, F. J., Sablon, G., Tarantino, E., Nzeyimana, C., Pojskic, L., Sisic, I., Nalbantic, A. D., Jannes, C. E., Pereira, A. C., Krieger, J. E., Petrov, I., Goudev, A., Nikolov, F., Tisheva, S., Yotov, Y., Tzvetkov, I., Baass, A., Bergeron, J., Bernard, S., Brisson, D., Brunham, L. R., Cermakova, L., Couture, P., Francis, G. A., Gaudet, D., Hegele, R. A., Khoury, E., Mancini, G. B. J., Mccrindle, B. W., Paquette, M., Ruel, I., Cuevas, A., Asenjo, S., Wang, X., Meng, K., Song, X., Yong, Q., Jiang, T., Liu, Z., Duan, Y., Hong, J., Ye, P., Chen, Y., Qi, J., Li, Y., Zhang, C., Peng, J., Yang, Y., Yu, W., Wang, Q., Yuan, H., Cheng, S., Jiang, L., Chong, M., Jiao, J., Wu, Y., Wen, W., Xu, L., Zhang, R., Qu, Y., He, J., Fan, X., Wang, Z., Chow, E., Pecin, I., Perica, D., Symeonides, P., Vrablik, M., Ceska, R., Soska, V., Tichy, L., Adamkova, V., Franekova, J., Cifkova, R., Kraml, P., Vonaskova, K., Cepova, J., Dusejovska, M., Pavlickova, L., Blaha, V., Rosolova, H., Nussbaumerova, B., Cibulka, R., Vaverkova, H., Cibickova, L., Krejsova, Z., Rehouskova, K., Malina, P., Budikova, M., Palanova, V., Solcova, L., Lubasova, A., Podzimkova, H., Bujdak, J., Vesely, J., Jordanova, M., Salek, T., Urbanek, R., Zemek, S., Lacko, J., Halamkova, H., Machacova, S., Mala, S., Cubova, E., Valoskova, K., Burda, L., Bendary, A., Daoud, I., Emil, S., Elbahry, A., Rafla, S., Sanad, O., Kazamel, G., Ashraf, M., Sobhy, M., El-Hadidy, A., Shafy, M. A., Kamal, S., Bendary, M., Talviste, G., Angoulvant, D., Boccara, F., Cariou, B., Carreau, V., Carrie, A., Charrieres, S., Cottin, Y., Di-Fillipo, M., Ducluzeau, P. H., Dulong, S., Durlach, V., Farnier, M., Ferrari, E., Ferrieres, D., Ferrieres, J., Gallo, A., Hankard, R., Inamo, J., Lemale, J., Moulin, P., Paillard, F., Peretti, N., Perrin, A., Pradignac, A., Rabes, J. P., Rigalleau, V., Sultan, A., Schiele, F., Tounian, P., Valero, R., Verges, B., Yelnik, C., Ziegler, O., Haack, I. A., Schmidt, N., Dressel, A., Klein, I., Christmann, J., Sonntag, A., Stumpp, C., Boger, D., Biedermann, D., Usme, M. M. N., Beil, F. U., Klose, G., Konig, C., Gouni-Berthold, I., Otte, B., Boll, G., Kirschbaum, A., Merke, J., Scholl, J., Segiet, T., Gebauer, M., Predica, F., Mayer, M., Leistikow, F., Fullgraf-Horst, S., Muller, C., Schuler, M., Wiener, J., Hein, K., Baumgartner, P., Kopf, S., Busch, R., Schomig, M., Matthias, S., Allendorf-Ostwald, N., Fink, B., Bohm, D., Jakel, A., Koschker, A. -C., Schweizer, R., Vogt, A., Parhofer, K., Konig, W., Reinhard, W., Bassler, A., Stadelmann, A., Schrader, V., Katzmann, J., Tarr, A., Steinhagen-Thiessen, E., Kassner, U., Paulsen, G., Homberger, J., Zemmrich, C., Seeger, W., Biolik, K., Deiss, D., Richter, C., Pantchechnikova, E., Dorn, E., Schatz, U., Julius, U., Spens, A., Wiesner, T., Scholl, M., Rizos, C. V., Sakkas, N., Elisaf, M., Skoumas, I., Tziomalos, K., Rallidis, L., Kotsis, V., Doumas, M., Athyros, V., Skalidis, E., Kolovou, G., Garoufi, A., Bilianou, E., Koutagiar, I., Agapakis, D., Kiouri, E., Antza, C., Katsiki, N., Zacharis, E., Attilakos, A., Sfikas, G., Koumaras, C., Anagnostis, P., Anastasiou, G., Liamis, G., Koutsogianni, A. -D., Karanyi, Z., Harangi, M., Bajnok, L., Audikovszky, M., Mark, L., Benczur, B., Reiber, I., Nagy, G., Nagy, A., Reddy, L. L., Shah, S. A. V., Ponde, C. K., Dalal, J. J., Sawhney, J. P. S., Verma, I. C., Altaey, M., Al-Jumaily, K., Rasul, D., Abdalsahib, A. F., Jabbar, A. A., Al-ageedi, M., Agar, R., Cohen, H., Ellis, A., Gavishv, D., Harats, D., Henkin, Y., Knobler, H., Leavit, L., Leitersdorf, E., Rubinstein, A., Schurr, D., Shpitzen, S., Szalat, A., Casula, M., Zampoleri, V., Gazzotti, M., Olmastroni, E., Sarzani, R., Ferri, C., Repetti, E., Sabba, C., Bossi, A. C., Borghi, C., Muntoni, S., Cipollone, F., Purrello, F., Pujia, A., Passaro, A., Marcucci, R., Pecchioli, V., Pisciotta, L., Mandraffino, G., Pellegatta, F., Mombelli, G., Branchi, A., Fiorenza, A. M., Pederiva, C., Werba, J. P., Parati, G., Carubbi, F., Iughetti, L., Iannuzzi, A., Iannuzzo, G., Calabro, P., Averna, M., Biasucci, G., Zambon, S., Roscini, A. R., Trenti, C., Arca, M., Federici, M., Del Ben, M., Bartuli, A., Giaccari, A., Pipolo, A., Citroni, N., Guardamagna, O., Bonomo, K., Benso, A., Biolo, G., Maroni, L., Lupi, A., Bonanni, L., Zenti, M. G., Matsuki, K., Hori, M., Ogura, M., Masuda, D., Kobayashi, T., Nagahama, K., Al-Jarallah, M., Radovic, M., Lunegova, O., Bektasheva, E., Khodzhiboboev, E., Erglis, A., Gilis, D., Nesterovics, G., Saripo, V., Meiere, R., Upena-RozeMicena, A., Terauda, E., Jambart, S., Khoury, P. E., Elbitar, S., Ayoub, C., Ghaleb, Y., Aliosaitiene, U., Kutkiene, S., Kasim, N. A. M., Nor, N. S. M., Ramli, A. S., Razak, S. A., Al-Khateeb, A., Kadir, S. H. S. A., Muid, S. A., Rahman, T. A., Kasim, S. S., Radzi, A. B. M., Ibrahim, K. S., Razali, S., Ismail, Z., Ghani, R. A., Hafidz, M. I. A., Chua, A. L., Rosli, M. M., Annamalai, M., Teh, L. K., Razali, R., Chua, Y. A., Rosman, A., Sanusi, A. R., Murad, N. A. A., Jamal, A. R. A., Nazli, S. A., Razman, A. Z., Rosman, N., Rahmat, R., Hamzan, N. S., Azzopardi, C., Mehta, R., Martagon, A. J., Ramirez, G. A. G., Villa, N. E. A., Vazquez, A. V., Elias-Lopez, D., Retana, G. G., Rodriguez, B., Macias, J. J. C., Zazueta, A. R., Alvarado, R. M., Portano, J. D. M., Lopez, H. A., Sauque-Reyna, L., Herrera, L. G. G., Mendia, L. E. S., Aguilar, H. G., Cooremans, E. R., Aparicio, B. P., Zubieta, V. M., Gonzalez, P. A. C., Ferreira-Hermosillo, A., Portilla, N. C., Dominguez, G. J., Garcia, A. Y. R., Cazares, H. E. A., Gonzalez, J. R., Valencia, C. V. M., Padilla, F. G., Prado, R. M., De los Rios Ibarra, M. O., Villicana, R. D. A., Rivera, K. J. A., Carrera, R. A., Alvarez, J. A., Martinez, J. C. A., de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo, M., Vargas, G. C., Chacon, R. C., Andrade, M. H. F., Ortega, A. F., Alcala, H. G., de Leon, L. E. G., Guzman, B. G., Garcia, J. J. G., Cuellar, J. C. G., Cruz, J. R. G., Garcia, A. H., Almada, J. R. H., Herrera, U. J., Sobrevilla, F. L., Rodriguez, E. M., Sibaja, C. M., Rodriguez, A. B. M., Oyervides, J. C. M., Vazquez, D. I. P., Rodriguez, E. A. R., Osorio, M. L. R., Saucedo, J. R., Tamayo, M. T., Talavera, L. A. V., Arroyo, L. E. V., Carrillo, E. A. Z., Isara, A., Obaseki, D. E., Al-Waili, K., Al-Zadjali, F., Al-Zakwani, I., Al-Kindi, M., Al-Mukhaini, S., Al-Barwani, H., Rana, A., Shah, L. S. U., Starostecka, E., Konopka, A., Lewek, J., Bartlomiejczyk, M., Gasior, M., Dyrbus, K., Jozwiak, J., Gruchala, M., Pajkowski, M., Romanowska-Kocejko, M., Zarczynska-Buchowiecka, M., Chmara, M., Wasag, B., Parczewska, A., Gilis-Malinowska, N., Borowiec-Wolna, J., Strozyk, A., Wos, M., Michalska-Grzonkowska, A., Medeiros, A. M., Alves, A. C., Silva, F., Lobarinhas, G., Palma, I., de Moura, J. P., Rico, M. T., Rato, Q., Pais, P., Correia, S., Moldovan, O., Virtuoso, M. J., Salgado, J. M., Colaco, I., Dumitrescu, A., Lengher, C., Mosteoru, S., Meshkov, A., Ershova, A., Rozkova, T., Korneva, V., Yu, K. T., Zafiraki, V., Voevoda, M., Gurevich, V., Duplyakov, D., Ragino, Y., Safarova, M., Shaposhnik, I., Alkaf, F., Khudari, A., Rwaili, N., Al-Allaf, F., Alghamdi, M., Batais, M. A., Almigbal, T. H., Kinsara, A., Alqudaimi, A. H. A., Awan, Z., Elamin, O. A., Altaradi, H., Rajkovic, N., Popovic, L., Singh, S., Stosic, L., Rasulic, I., Lalic, N. M., Lam, C., Le, T. J., Siang, E. L. T., Dissanayake, S., I-Shing, J. T., Shyong, T. E., Jin, T. C. S., Balinth, K., Buganova, I., Fabryova, L., Kadurova, M., Klabnik, A., Kozarova, M., Sirotiakova, J., Battelino, T., Kovac, J., Mlinaric, M., Sustar, U., Podkrajsek, K. T., Fras, Z., Jug, B., Cevc, M., Pilcher, G. J., Blom, D. J., Wolmarans, K. H., Brice, B. C., Muniz-Grijalvo, O., Diaz-Diaz, J. L., de Isla, L. P., Fuentes, F., Badimon, L., Martin, F., Lux, A., Chang, N. -T., Ganokroj, P., Akbulut, M., Alici, G., Bayram, F., Can, L. H., Celik, A., Ceyhan, C., Coskun, F. Y., Demir, M., Demircan, S., Dogan, V., Durakoglugil, E., Dural, I. E., Gedikli, O., Hacioglu, A., Ildizli, M., Kilic, S., Kirilmaz, B., Kutlu, M., Oguz, A., Ozdogan, O., Onrat, E., Ozer, S., Sabuncu, T., Sahin, T., Sivri, F., Sonmez, A., Temizhan, A., Topcu, S., Tuncez, A., Vural, M., Yenercag, M., Yesilbursa, D., Yigit, Z., Yildirim, A. B., Yildirir, A., Yilmaz, M. B., Atallah, B., Traina, M., Sabbour, H., Hay, D. A., Luqman, N., Elfatih, A., Abdulrasheed, A., Kwok, S., Oca, N. D., Reyes, X., Alieva, R. B., Kurbanov, R. D., Hoshimov, S. U., Nizamov, U. I., Ziyaeva, A. V., Abdullaeva, G. J., Do, D. L., Nguyen, M. N. T., Kim, N. T., Le, T. T., Le, H. A., Tokgozoglu, L., Catapano, A. L., Ray, K. K., and EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC), Borghi C

Subjects
Male, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Arterial disease, Cross-sectional study, Adult population, Coronary Disease, Disease, Global Health, Medical and Health Sciences, Doenças Cardio e Cérebro-vasculares, Anticholesteremic Agent, Monoclonal, Prevalence, Registries, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Humanized, Stroke, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, LS2_9, Studies Collaboration, Anticholesteremic Agents, General Medicine, Heart Disease Risk Factor, Middle Aged, FHSC global registry data, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Lower prevalence, Guidance, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, Proprotein Convertase 9, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, FHSC global registry, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, Cardiovascular risk factors, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Insights, Antibodies, NO, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Clinician, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, medicine, Humans, EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC), Cross-Sectional Studie, Science & Technology, Global Perspective, business.industry, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business
Abstract

Background The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. Methods Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. Findings Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53.6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75.4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84.2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46.2 years (IQR 34.3-58.0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44.4 years (32.5-56.5), with 40.2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17.4% (2.1% for stroke and 5.2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81.1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21.2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5.43 mmol/L (IQR 4.32-6.72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4.23 mmol/L (3.20-5.66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2.7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1.8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1.8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p, Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning Change [16157823]; Amgen; Merck Sharp Dohme; Sanofi-Aventis; Daiichi Sankyo; Regeneron; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, UK; NIHR; Czech Ministry of Health [NU20-02-00261]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Austrian Heart Foundation; Tyrolean Regional Government; Gulf Heart Association, The EAS FHSC is an academic initiative that has received funding from a Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning & Change 2014 (16157823) and from investigator-initiated research grants to the European Atherosclerosis Society-Imperial College London from Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron. KKR acknowledges support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, UK. KID acknowledges support from a PhD Studentship from NIHR under the Applied Health Research programme for Northwest London, UK (the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health). TF was supported by a grant from the Czech Ministry of Health (NU20-02-00261). JG receives support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The Austrian Familial Hypercholesterolaemia registry has been supported by funds from the Austrian Heart Foundation and the Tyrolean Regional Government. The Gulf Familial Hypercholesterolaemia registry was done under the auspices of the Gulf Heart Association.

Published
2021

24. Relationship between Bell’s Palsy and Previous Statin Use: A Case/Non-Case Study

Author

Hyo Geun Choi, Dae Myoung Yoo, Jee Hye Wee, Chanyang Min, and So Young Kim

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, Alcohol Drinking, medicine.drug_class, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, lcsh:Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Republic of Korea, Bell's palsy, Bell Palsy, medicine, cohort study, Humans, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Palsy, business.industry, case/non-case Bell’s palsy study, Smoking, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, Bell’s palsy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, stomatognathic diseases, Blood pressure, Cohort, Female, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract

We intended to determine the relationship between previous statin use and Bell&rsquo, s palsy in a large study population receiving statins for the past 2 years. The Korean National Health Insurance Service&mdash, Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were collected. Participants with Bell&rsquo, s palsy (n = 3203) were matched with participants without Bell&rsquo, s palsy (n = 12,812). The number of days of previous statin use for 2 years before the onset of Bell&rsquo, s palsy was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Subgroups of age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, and blood pressure were analyzed for any association between Bell&rsquo, s palsy and prior statin use. The Bell&rsquo, s palsy group reported greater statin use than the non-Bell&rsquo, s palsy group (84.6 (standard deviation, SD = 201.7) vs. 74.4(SD = 189.4), p = 0.009). Previous statin use was associated with Bell&rsquo, s palsy in the crude model (95% confidence intervals = 1.03&ndash, 1.19, p = 0.006). However, this relationship disappeared when the possible covariates were adjusted for in model 2. All subgroups showed no increased odds for Bell&rsquo, s palsy in previous statin users. We did not find an association between Bell&rsquo, s palsy and previous statin use in this Korean population aged &ge, 40 years.

Published
2020

25. Statins in coronavirus outbreak: It's time for experimental and clinical studies

Author

Patrizia Gazzerro, Maurizio Bifulco, Bifulco, M., and Gazzerro, P.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, Betacoronavirus, Pandemic, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Pandemics, Coronavirus, Antiviral Agent, Pharmacology, Betacoronaviru, biology, Animal, Coronavirus Infection, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Outbreak, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, Virology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Coronavirus Infections, Human
Published
2020

26. Pharmacological management of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Author

Mario Cazzola, Andrea Bianco, Paola Rogliani, Maria Gabriella Matera, Matera, M. G., Rogliani, P., Bianco, A., and Cazzola, M.

Subjects
ARDS, Pharmacological management, Vasodilator Agents, biological target, biological targets, Adrenal Cortex Hormone, Antioxidants, 0302 clinical medicine, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Vasodilator Agent, Settore MED/10, Pharmacology (medical), Vitamin D, media_common, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Respiration, phenotypes, Neuromuscular Blocking Agent, General Medicine, drug therapy, acute lung injury, precision medicine, Adult, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Respiration, Artificial, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Artificial, Antioxidant, Human, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, phenotype, media_common.quotation_subject, Acute respiratory distress, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacotherapy, medicine, Intensive care medicine, Pharmacology, Adult patients, business.industry, medicine.disease, Precision medicine, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction: There is still no definite drug for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that is capable of reducing either short-term or long-term mortality. Therefore, great efforts are being made to identify a pharmacological approach that can be really effective. Areas covered: This review focuses on current challenges and future directions in the pharmacological management of ARDS, regardless of anti-infective treatments. The authors have excluded small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with less than 60 patients because those studies do not have statistical power for outcome data, and also anecdotal trials but have considered the last meta-analysis on any drug. Expert opinion: There has been substantial progress in our knowledge of ARDS over the past two decades and many drugs have been used in its treatment. Nevertheless, effective targeted pharmacological treatments for ARDS are still lacking. The likely reason why a pharmacological approach is beneficial for some patients, but harmful for others is that ARDS is an extremely heterogeneous syndrome. To overcome this issue, a precision approach for ARDS, whereby therapies are specifically targeted to patients most likely to benefit, has been proposed. At present, however, the application of this approach seems to be a difficult task.

Published
2020

27. Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection: much more than a single pathway

Author

Maurizio Bifulco, Patrizia Gazzerro, Bifulco, M., and Gazzerro, P.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, Betacoronavirus, Pandemic, Correspondence, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pandemics, biology, Betacoronaviru, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Statin therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Coronavirus Infections, Human
Published
2020

28. Preventable statin adverse reactions and therapy discontinuation. What can we learn from the spontaneous reporting system?

Author

Liberata Sportiello, Maurizio Sessa, Gabriella di Mauro, Francesco Rossi, Cristina Scavone, Annamaria Mascolo, Annalisa Capuano, Concetta Rafaniello, Annamaria Fucile, Sessa, Maurizio, Rafaniello, Concetta, Scavone, Cristina, Mascolo, Annamaria, di Mauro, Gabriella, Fucile, Annamaria, Rossi, Francesco, Sportiello, Liberata, and Capuano, Annalisa

Subjects
safety, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, Databases, Factual, medicine.drug_class, Adverse drug reaction, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Medication Adherence, Poor adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, preventability, Pharmacovigilance, medicine, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Drug reaction, Intensive care medicine, Aged, business.industry, Potential risk, Risk Factor, statin, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Statin treatment, treatment discontinuation, Discontinuation, Italy, pharmacovigilance, Spontaneous reporting, spontaneous reporting system, Female, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Sentinel Surveillance, Human
Abstract

Background: Statin treatment is often associated with poor adherence, which may be due to the onset of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated on potential risk factors related to preventable cases of statin-induced ADRs and to the discontinuation of statin therapy. Methods: We performed a study using the database of Italian spontaneous reporting. The target population for the preventability assessment was all patients with suspected statin-induced ADRs deriving from Campania Region (a territory of Southern Italy) between 2012 and 2017. Additionally, a local sentinel surveillance site involving General Practitioners was selected to countercheck in routine clinical practice the role of ADRs for statin discontinuation. Results: In total, 34 of 655 (5.19%) regional cases were preventable and among detected risk factors 90.0% was related to healthcare professionals’ practices and 10.0% to patient behaviour. In 81.4% (533/655) of cases, statin therapy was discontinued due to ADRs, mainly classified as not serious and associated with a positive prognosis. These results were also confirmed in the active sentinel site. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an inappropriate use of statins among the identified preventable cases and a potential inappropriate statin discontinuation due to ADRs. These factors may be useful for targeting interventions to improve statin adherence.

Published
2018

29. Optimized treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction the unmet need to target coronary microvascular obstruction as primary treatment goal to further improve prognosis

Author

Niccoli, Giampaolo, Montone, Rocco Antonio, Ibanez, B., Thiele, H., Crea, Filippo, Heusch, G., Bulluck, H., Hausenloy, D. J., Berry, C., Stiermaier, T., Camici, P. G., Eitel, I., Niccoli G. (ORCID:0000-0002-3187-6262), Montone R. A., Crea F. (ORCID:0000-0001-9404-8846), Niccoli, Giampaolo, Montone, Rocco Antonio, Ibanez, B., Thiele, H., Crea, Filippo, Heusch, G., Bulluck, H., Hausenloy, D. J., Berry, C., Stiermaier, T., Camici, P. G., Eitel, I., Niccoli G. (ORCID:0000-0002-3187-6262), Montone R. A., and Crea F. (ORCID:0000-0001-9404-8846)

Abstract

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is nowadays the preferred reperfusion strategy for patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, aiming at restoring epicardial infarct-related artery patency and achieving microvascular reperfusion as early as possible, thus limiting the extent of irreversibly injured myocardium. Yet, in a sizeable proportion of patients, primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not achieve effective myocardial reperfusion due to the occurrence of coronary microvascular obstruction (MVO). The amount of infarcted myocardium, the so-called infarct size, has long been known to be an independent predictor for major adverse cardiovascular events and adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Previous cardioprotection studies were mainly aimed at protecting cardiomyocytes and reducing infarct size. However, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported that the presence and extent of MVO represent another important independent predictor of adverse left ventricular remodeling, and recent evidences support the notion that MVO may be more predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events than infarct size itself. Although timely and complete reperfusion is the most effective way of limiting myocardial injury and subsequent ventricular remodeling, the translation of effective therapeutic strategies into improved clinical outcomes has been largely disappointing. Of importance, despite the presence of a large number of studies focused on infarct size, only few cardioprotection studies addressed MVO as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of MVO including underlying causes, diagnostic techniques, and current therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that simultaneously addressing infarct size and MVO may help to translate cardioprotective strategies into improved clinical outcome following ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Published
2019

30. Effect of statins pretreatment on periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

Author

Zhang, Feng, Dong, Lili, and Ge, Junbo

Abstract

Background. Periprocedural myocardial injury remains the most common complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Previous studies have demonstrated that even a small elevation of cardiac enzymes is associated with higher risk of mortality during follow-up. Objective. We performed a meta-analysis based on all currently available randomized controlled trials (RCT) to evaluate the beneficial effects of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) given before PCI on preventing periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI). Methods. The published literature was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and conference proceedings up through August 2009. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared preprocedural statins versus placebo treatment in patients not taking statins previously but scheduled for PCI and had the data of periprocedural MI reported by the trial investigators. Results. Prespecified criteria were met by 6 RCTs involving 2,088 patients. During the periprocedural period, 81 of 1,051 patients (7.7%) in the statins pretreatment group developed periprocedural MI, significantly less than 147 of 1,037 (14.2%) patients assigned to the control group (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38–0.67; P< 0.001). During 1-month follow-up, only 4 deaths, 7 non-periprocedural Q-wave MIs, and 4 revascularizations occurred in all 2,088 enrolled patients. The composite of death, MI, or target vessel revascularization at 1 month, essentially driven by periprocedural MI, was reported in 8.0% in the statins pretreatment group and 15.3% in the control group (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.36–0.64; P< 0.001). Conclusions. This meta-analysis supports the effectiveness of statins pretreatment on reducing the rate of periprocedural MI in patients undergoing PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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31. Statin use and risk of new-onset diabetes: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Author

G Corrao, Alberico L. Catapano, Manuela Casula, Elena Tragni, Francesco Mozzanica, Lorenza Scotti, Angela Pirillo, Casula, M, Mozzanica, F, Scotti, L, Tragni, E, Pirillo, A, Corrao, G, and Catapano, A

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, Nutrition and Dietetic, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Incident diabete, Diabetes Mellitu, Lipid, Lipids, Observational Studies as Topic, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Meta-analysi, Rosuvastatin, Dyslipidemias, business.industry, Risk Factor, Biomarker, Publication bias, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Observational studie, Dyslipidemia, Observational study, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background and aims Meta-analyses of randomized control trials investigating the association between incident diabetes and statin use showed an increased risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD) from 9% to 13% associated with statins. However, short follow-up period, unpowered sample size, and lack of pre-specified diagnostic criteria for diabetes detection could be responsible of an underestimation of this risk. We conducted a meta-analysis of published observational studies to evaluate the association between statins use and risk of NOD. Methods and results PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to June 30, 2016 for cohort and case–control studies with risk of NOD in users vs nonusers, on ≥1000 subjects followed-up for ≥1 year. Two review authors assessed study eligibility and risk of bias and undertook data extraction independently. Pooled estimates were calculated by a random-effects model and between-study heterogeneity was tested and measured by I 2 index. Furthermore, stratified analyses and the evaluation of publication bias were performed. Finally, the meta-analysis included 20 studies, 18 cohort and 2 case–control studies. Overall, NOD risk was higher in statin users than nonusers (RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.31–1.58). High between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 97%) was found. Estimates for all single statins showed a class effect, from rosuvastatin (RR 1.61; 1.30–1.98) to simvastatin (RR 1.38; 1.19–1.61). Conclusions The present meta-analysis confirms and reinforces the evidence of a diabetogenic effect by statins utilization. These observations confirm the need of a rigorous monitoring of patients taking statins, in particular pre-diabetic patients or patients presenting with established risk factors for diabetes.

Published
2017

32. Under-prescription of statins in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Author

M. Del Ben, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Maurizio Averna, Daniele Pastori, Francesco Baratta, Licia Polimeni, Francesco Angelico, Del Ben, M., Baratta, F., Polimeni, L., Pastori, D., Loffredo, L., Averna, M., Violi, F., and Angelico, F.

Subjects
Male, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Prescription, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, Nutrition and Dietetic, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Fatty liver, Middle Aged, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cohort, Under-prescription, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Guideline Adherence, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human, Adult, Cardiovascular risk, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Statins, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Context (language use), Health Services Misuse, Drug Prescriptions, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical prescription, Aged, Dyslipidemias, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Risk Factor, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Non alcoholic, Biomarker, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemia, Physical therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Lipid profile, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease associated with high cardiovascular risk. Management of dyslipidaemia plays a pivotal role in the prevention of CV events and statins have proved to be safe in these patients. However, in everyday clinical practice statin prescription is sometimes limited because of the concern of physicians about side-effects. The aim of the study was to investigate if the presence of NAFLD affects the prescription of lipid-lowering treatment in a large series of patients with cardio-metabolic disorders. Methods and Results Cardiovascular risk and LDL-C targets were defined according to ESC/EAS Guidelines in 605 consecutive adult subjects referred for screening of suspected metabolic diseases. Liver steatosis was assessed by ultrasound Hamaguchi criteria. In the whole cohort, 442 patients had indication for cholesterol-lowering treatment. Lack of statin prescription was present in 230 (52.0%) patients. Of these, 77 (33.5%) were very high-risk, 48 (20.8%) high-risk, and 105 (45.6%) moderate risk patients. Only 44% of the NAFLD patients with indication for statin treatment were on therapy. NAFLD patients on statin treatment had significantly lower ALT values as compared to those not on treatment (p Conclusions Our findings show that about 50% of patients with indication to statin treatment do not receive any cholesterol-lowering medication. Statin under-use was particularly high in subjects with NAFLD. Use of statin treatment should be encouraged in the context of NAFLD, as it may improve lipid profile and reduce the cardiovascular risk in this setting.

Published
2017

33. Statin might promote epicardial adipose tissue inflammatory remodeling via NLRP3 suppression: An intriguing hypothesis

Author

Valentina Parisi and Parisi, V.

Subjects
Inflammation, Statin, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Statin therapy, NLRP3, Adipose Tissue, Epicardial adipose tissue, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, medicine, Cancer research, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, medicine.symptom, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Pericardium, Human
Published
2019

34. Role of statins and ascorbic acid in the natural history of diabetic retinopathy: A new, affordable therapy?

Author

Annalisa Gurreri, Costantino Schiavi, Alberto Pazzaglia, Gurreri A., Pazzaglia A., and Schiavi C.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Visual Acuity, Ascorbic Acid, Gastroenterology, Antioxidants, Retina, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Diabetic Retinopathy, Vitamin C, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Ascorbic acid, eye diseases, Natural history, Treatment Outcome, Vitreous hemorrhage, Disease Progression, Maculopathy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Antioxidant, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Human
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a worldwide health problem, and intravitreal injections of anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic agents represent the leading therapy to effectively treat DR and its complications. However, they are expensive, invasive, and stressful for patients. This study aims to demonstrate that statins and vitamin C (alone or in combination with statins) as complementary therapy could have an impact on the nonproliferative DR (NPDR) complication rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted with 479 patients with NPDR. Statins and vitamin C intake were analyzed, along with the rate of diabetic macular edema (DME), vitreous hemorrhage (VH), circinate maculopathy (CM), and proliferative DR (PDR). RESULTS: Lower DME ( P = .07) and VH ( P = .018) rates were observed in patients who took statins compared with those who were statin-naïve. This difference was significant after accounting for vitamin C intake, with a lower rate of DME ( P = .01) and VH ( P = .008) in patients with statin–vitamin C combination therapy. CONCLUSION: Statins, alone or with vitamin C, appear to reduce the complication rate of NPDR. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2019;50:S23–S27.]

Published
2019

35. Age-Related Dysfunctions: Evidence and Relationship with Some Risk Factors and Protective Drugs

Author

Michele Cellurale, Giacinto Libertini, Graziamaria Corbi, Nicola Ferrara, Libertini, G., Corbi, G., Cellurale, M., and Ferrara, N.

Subjects
Senescence, Aging, Cellular functions, non-programmed aging paradigm, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, protective drugs, Diabetes mellitus, Age related, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, medicine, Humans, risk factors, 0303 health sciences, telomere, Natural selection, Protective drugs, aging, programmed aging paradigm, subtelomere, business.industry, protective drug, Risk Factor, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, medicine.disease, Telomere, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers, Dyslipidemia, Human
Abstract

The theories interpreting senescence as a phenomenon favored by natural selection require the existence of specific, genetically determined and regulated mechanisms that cause a progressive age-related increase in mortality. The mechanisms defined in the subtelomere-telomere theory suggest that progressive slackening of cell turnover and decline in cellular functions are determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system, which causes a progressive "atrophic syndrome" in all organs and tissues. If the mechanisms underlying aging-related dysfunctions are similar and having the same origin, it could be hypothesized that equal interventions could produce similar effects. This article reviews the consequences of some factors (diabetes, obesity/dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, moderate use and abuse of alcohol) and classes of drugs [statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, sartans] in accelerating and anticipating or in counteracting the process of aging. The evidence is compatible with the programmed aging paradigm and the mechanisms defined by the subtelomere-telomere theory but it has no obvious discriminating value against the theories of non-programmed aging paradigm. However, the existence of mechanisms, determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system and causing a progressive age-related decline in fitness through gradual cell senescence and cell senescence, is not justifiable without an evolutionary motivation. Their existence is expected by the programmed aging paradigm, while is incompatible with the opposite paradigm.

Published
2019

36. Future perspectives of the pharmacological management of diabetic dyslipidemia

Author

Angelo Maria Patti, Ali A. Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo, Nikolaos Papanas, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, Patti A.M., Giglio R.V., Papanas N., Rizzo Manfredi, and Rizvi A.A.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein B, medicine.drug_class, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), Fibrate, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, statins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Ezetimibe, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Pharmacology (medical), General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Omega 3 fatty acid, Dyslipidemias, Hypolipidemic Agents, fibrate, biology, business.industry, dyslipidemia, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, General Medicine, Lipid, medicine.disease, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), Lipids, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), Dietary Supplements, biology.protein, Kexin, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Insulin Resistance, business, Dyslipidemia, medicine.drug, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)
Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic) particles, and by a decrease in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 that are strongly related to insulin resistance. The increased flux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver aggravates hepatic insulin resistance and promotes all of aspects of the dyslipidemic state. Areas covered: Statins are the first-line agents for treatment while other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe, fibrate and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) or novel anti-diabetic agents (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is)) or nutraceuticals (berberine, omega 3 fatty acid, red yeast rice) can be used alone or in combination. Expert commentary: In patients with T2DM, lipid abnormalities should be identified and treated as part of the overall diabetic treatment, in order to prevent cardiovascular disease. The choice of drugs to be used is mainly based on the lipid profile and on the characteristic lipoprotein abnormalities; the use of new drugs for the treatment of hyperglycemia and lipids alteration in these patients can improve diabetic dyslipidemia.

Published
2019

37. Lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway in COVID-19: Basic concepts and potential therapeutic targets

Author

Chiara Piscopo, Maria Proto, Cristina Pagano, Mario Galgani, Donatella Fiore, Maurizio Bifulco, Chiara Laezza, Sara Bruzzaniti, Patrizia Gazzerro, Proto, M. C., Fiore, D., Piscopo, C., Pagano, C., Galgani, M., Bruzzaniti, S., Laezza, C., Gazzerro, P., and Bifulco, M.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, viruses, CoV, coronavirus, Review, ZIKV, Zika virus, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, MβCD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, Lipid homeostasis, SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, CMV, human cytomegalovirus, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, MVA, mevalonate, Homeostasis, TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2, Endothelial dysfunction, Mevalonate pathway inhibitor, PI, phosphatidil-inositol, Hypolipidemic Agents, Hypolipidemic Agent, ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein, HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, Cholesterol, HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, WNV, West Nile virus, Mevalonate pathway inhibitors, SARS-CoV-2, Statins, Viral infections, COVID-19, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Mevalonic Acid, Lipid Metabolism, BPs, bisphosphonates, HCV, hepatitis C virus, VZV, Varicella zoster virus, EBOV, Ebola virus, Mevalonate pathway, medicine.symptom, Human, HDL, high-density lipoprotein, FDPS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, Inflammation, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Homeostasi, IAV, influenza A virus, medicine, IFN, interferon, Permissive, Mpro, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, business.industry, Statin, Lipid metabolism, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Lipid homeostasi, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, IL, interleukin, 030104 developmental biology, KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, chemistry, Viral infection, MERS, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, Immunology, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, RSV, respiratory syncytial virus, Treg, T regulatory cells, DENV, Dengue virus, LXR, liver X receptor, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Despite encouraging progresses achieved in the management of viral diseases, efficient strategies to counteract infections are still required. The current global challenge highlighted the need to develop a rapid and cost-effective strategy to counteract the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in viral infections. Viruses can use the host lipid machinery to support their life cycle and to impair the host immune response. The altered expression of mevalonate pathway-related genes, induced by several viruses, assures survival and spread in host tissue. In some infections, statins, HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors, reduce cholesterol in the plasma membrane of permissive cells resulting in lower viral titers and failure to internalize the virus. Statins can also counteract viral infections through their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Beyond statins, interfering with the mevalonate pathway could have an adjuvant effect in therapies aimed at mitigating endothelial dysfunction and deregulated inflammation in viral infection. In this review we depicted the historical and current evidence highlighting how lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway targeting represents a valid approach to rapidly neutralize viruses, focusing our attention to their potential use as effective targets to hinder SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Pros and cons of statins and Mevalonate-pathway inhibitors have been also dissected.

Published
2021

38. Serum cholesterol levels, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. The Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy)

Author

Giancarlo Agnelli, Alessandro Padovani, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Valeria De Giuli, R. Musolino, Giovanni Malferrari, Corrado Lodigiani, Simona Marcheselli, Loris Poli, Paolo Bovi, Domenico Marco Bonifati, Maria Luisa DeLodovici, Maurizio Paciaroni, Nicola Pugliese, Silvia Bonaiti, Licia Iacoviello, Giuseppe Micieli, Andrea Zini, Marialuisa Zedde, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Alfonso Ciccone, Marco Ritelli, Antonella Toriello, Laura Vandelli, Giorgio Silvestrelli, Massimo Gamba, Norina Marcello, Alberto Chiti, Anna Cavallini, Massimo Del Sette, Rossana Tassi, Elisabetta Del Zotto, Giampaolo Tomelleri, Alessia Lanari, Giovanni de Gaetano, Paolo Costa, Cristiano Azzini, Giuseppe Martini, Mario Grassi, Marina Colombi, Maria Sessa, Carlo Gandolfo, Andrea Morotti, Alessandro Pezzini, Alessandro De Vito, and Paolo La Spina

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Reductase, Surgery, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Neurology (clinical), Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Serum cholesterol, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa Reductase Inhibitor, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, biology, Cholesterol, business.industry, Case-control study, Brain, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Italy, Multicenter study, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, HMG-CoA reductase, biology.protein, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa Reductase Inhibitor, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective Although a concern exists that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) might increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), the contribution of these agents to the relationship between serum cholesterol and disease occurrence has been poorly investigated. Methods We compared consecutive patients having ICH with age and sex-matched stroke-free control subjects in a case–control analysis, as part of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy), and tested the presence of interaction effects between total serum cholesterol levels and statins on the risk of ICH. Results A total of 3492 cases (mean age, 73.0±12.7 years; males, 56.6%) and 3492 control subjects were enrolled. Increasing total serum cholesterol levels were confirmed to be inversely associated with ICH. We observed a statistical interaction between total serum cholesterol levels and statin use for the risk of haemorrhage (Interaction OR (IOR), 1.09; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.12). Increasing levels of total serum cholesterol were associated with a decreased risk of ICH within statin strata (average OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.88 for every increase of 0.26 mmol/l of total serum cholesterol concentrations), while statin use was associated with an increased risk (OR, 1.54; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.81 of the average level of total serum cholesterol). The protective effect of serum cholesterol against ICH was reduced by statins in strictly lobar brain regions more than in non-lobar ones. Conclusions Statin therapy and total serum cholesterol levels exhibit interaction effects towards the risk of ICH. The magnitude of such effects appears higher in lobar brain regions.

Published
2016

40. Monitoring quality of care in acute myocardial infarction patients using retrospective registry data

Author

Veronesi, G, Zambon, A, Beltrame, J, Gianfagna, F, Corrao, G, Ferrario, M, Veronesi, Giovanni, Zambon, Antonella, Beltrame, John F., Gianfagna, Francesco, Corrao, Giovanni, Ferrario, Marco M., Veronesi, G, Zambon, A, Beltrame, J, Gianfagna, F, Corrao, G, Ferrario, M, Veronesi, Giovanni, Zambon, Antonella, Beltrame, John F., Gianfagna, Francesco, Corrao, Giovanni, and Ferrario, Marco M.

Abstract

Background: Hospital-based registries provide a key contribution in assessing the quality of care in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients, although some concern on selection bias of included cases has recently arisen. We investigated the feasibility of a retrospective, population-based registry of MIs in monitoring the quality of care. Methods: We identified all the hospitalizations with a diagnosis of acute MI among 35-79 years old residents in the Varese province, Northern Italy, in 2007-2008. Information needed to define performance according to the American Heart Association set was extracted from hospital case histories. To characterize our approach, we focus on data completeness for critical event times and eligibility criteria, and on the analysis of ST-elevated MI (STEMI) patients according to received reperfusion treatment. Results: Exact time of hospital admission and of percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI) procedure was available in 96% and 77% of MIs, with no difference between non-transferred (n = 1399) and inter-hospital transferred (n = 300) patients. Data completeness for eligibility to action/treatment criteria was >90% for each performance measure except statin prescription at discharge (76%). About 45% of STEMI experienced a delay in PCI-capable hospital arrival, and only one every three ST-elevated MI patients received primary PCI; these were more likely to be younger male cases with less comorbidities than un-treated patients. Conclusions: Complementary to clinical registries, the retrospective population-based is a feasible approach which allows monitoring the entire pattern of care of all hospitalized MI patients independent of their clinical characteristics

Published
2018

41. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis ex vivo and in vivo by fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Author

Yamamoto, A., Itoh, S., Hoshi, K., and Ichihara, K.

Abstract

The inhibitory effect of fluvastatin sodium (fluvastatin), a new type of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A inhibitor, on de novo cholesterol synthesis was investigated and compared with that of pravastatin. Fluvastatin at a concentration of 12.5 mg/kg inhibited sterol synthesis ex vivo from [C]acetate in rat liver and ileum by 97-99% with respect to the control, while the inhibition in kidney was 55%. The inhibition by fluvastatin in the liver and ileum persisted for approximately 9 h after administration. Significant differences between fluvastatin also had an inhibitory effect on cholesterol synthesis in vivo in various tissues of rats given [C]acetate intraperitoneally. Sterol synthesis in the liver, ileum and kidney was inhibited by over 95% 3 h after administration of 6.25 mg/kg of fluvastatin. Significant differences between fluvastatin and pravastatin were found in the liver and ileum. Fluvastatin was more potent than pravastatin in inhibiting both ex vivo and in vivo sterol synthesis in the ileum (but not in kidney) and liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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42. Management of Statin Intolerance in 2018: Still More Questions Than Answers

Author

Maciej Banach, Manfredi Rizzo, Peter P. Toth, Giuseppa Castellino, Angelo Maria Patti, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, Dragana Nikolic, Toth P.P., Patti A.M., Giglio R.V., Nikolic D., Castellino G., Rizzo Manfredi, and Banach M.

Subjects
myalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, medicine.drug_class, Disease, Review Article, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Medical advice, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Adverse effect, Intensive care medicine, Dietary Supplement, Hypolipidemic Agents, Hypolipidemic Agent, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Disease Management, General Medicine, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Regimen, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Supplements, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, medicine.symptom, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction, Human
Abstract

Statin therapy is generally well tolerated and very effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, regardless of cholesterol levels; however, it can be associated with various adverse events (myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and diabetes mellitus, among others). Patients frequently discontinue statin therapy without medical advice because of perceived side effects and consequently increase their risk for cardiovascular events. In patients with statin intolerance, it may be advisable to change the dose, switch to a different statin, or try an alternate-day regimen. If intolerance is associated with all statins—even at the lowest dose—non-statin drugs and certain nutraceuticals can be considered. This review focuses on the definition of statin intolerance and on the development of clinical and therapeutic strategies for its management, including emerging alternative therapies.

Published
2018

43. Molecular dynamic simulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors from gnetum gnemon l. Seed extract

Author

Arif Arrahman, Azminah, Arry Yanuar, Yuditya Artha, AIMMS, BioAnalytical Chemistry, and Molecular and Computational Toxicology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, Trans-resveratrol, biology, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Substrate (chemistry), Viniferin, Reductase, Molecular dynamics, biology.organism_classification, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Molecular mechanics, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Discovery, Gnetum gnemon L, Gnetum gnemon, Root-mean-square deviation
Abstract

Objective: Gnetum gnemon L. (melinjo) seed extract contained trans-resveratrol which has been shown to inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Therefore it has a potent activity for lowering blood cholesterol. This study was carried out to determine the molecular dynamics simulation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors from Gnetum gnemon L. seed extract. Methods: Molecular dynamics simulation using AMBER was used. The simulation was set at 300 K as default temperature and 310 K, average human body temperature. The main parameters of this study were ligand-residue interaction, binding affinity, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen bonds analysis, molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA), and molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MMGBSA). Results: In the simulation study, trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, gnemonol M, gnemonoside B, viniferin and gnetin C had shown lower energy than HMG (PDB ID: MAH), the substrate of HMG-CoA Reductase. Free energy binding obtained from simulation was between 11.1 to -31.38 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The simulation at 310 K was preferable than 300 K as more interactions were performed and higher affinity was obtained.

Published
2018

44. Statins in liver disease: not only prevention of cardiovascular events

Author

Giuseppe Montalto, Manfredi Rizzo, Antonio Magán-Fernández, Giulio Marchesini, Magan-Fernandez, Antonio, Rizzo, Manfredi, Montalto, Giuseppe, and Marchesini, Giulio

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, cardiovascular risk, medicine.medical_specialty, drug safety, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Fatty liver, medicine, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents, Hepatology, business.industry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, medicine.disease, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, 030104 developmental biology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Disease Progression, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Statins are lipid-lowering agents and one of the most pre-scribed drugs worldwide. Their main mechanism of action –inhibition of the mevalonate pathway through an effect on hydroxy-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, thus affecting the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver – makes this class of drugs pivotal in primary and secondary prevention of cardio-vascular risk, as extensively demonstrated in large prospective, randomized controlled trials. Along the years, we learned that the lower the better, and LDL-cholesterol targets have been progressively reduced to values ≤70 mg/dL for secondary prevention or in the presence of diabetes.

Published
2018

45. Coronary atherosclerosis and sudden cardiac death in the young: another face of the culprit, another way of striking?

Author

Giulia d'Amati, Carla Giordano, and Bruna Cerbelli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, hypercholesterolemia, business.industry, coronary atherosclerosis, connective tissue growth factor, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitor, sudden cardiac death (SCD), Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Culprit, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Coronary atherosclerosis
Published
2018

46. Monitoring quality of care in acute myocardial infarction patients using retrospective registry data

Author

Francesco Gianfagna, John F. Beltrame, Giovanni Corrao, Marco M Ferrario, Giovanni Veronesi, Antonella Zambon, Veronesi, G, Zambon, A, Beltrame, J, Gianfagna, F, Corrao, G, and Ferrario, M

Subjects
Registrie, Male, Quality Assurance, Health Care, medicine.medical_treatment, Quality indicator, Myocardial Infarction, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Disease management, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Registries, media_common, education.field_of_study, Health Policy, Selection bia, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Italy, Female, Human, Integrated care pathway, Adult, Patient Transfer, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Myocardial Reperfusion, Acute myocardial infarction, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Angioplasty, medicine, Humans, Medical prescription, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Selection bias, Hospital care, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Emergency medicine, Conventional PCI, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business
Abstract

Background Hospital-based registries provide a key contribution in assessing the quality of care in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients, although some concern on selection bias of included cases has recently arisen. We investigated the feasibility of a retrospective, population-based registry of MIs in monitoring the quality of care. Methods We identified all the hospitalizations with a diagnosis of acute MI among 35-79 years old residents in the Varese province, Northern Italy, in 2007-2008. Information needed to define performance according to the American Heart Association set was extracted from hospital case histories. To characterize our approach, we focus on data completeness for critical event times and eligibility criteria, and on the analysis of ST-elevated MI (STEMI) patients according to received reperfusion treatment. Results Exact time of hospital admission and of percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI) procedure was available in 96% and 77% of MIs, with no difference between non-transferred (n = 1399) and inter-hospital transferred (n = 300) patients. Data completeness for eligibility to action/treatment criteria was >90% for each performance measure except statin prescription at discharge (76%). About 45% of STEMI experienced a delay in PCI-capable hospital arrival, and only one every three ST-elevated MI patients received primary PCI; these were more likely to be younger male cases with less comorbidities than un-treated patients. Conclusions Complementary to clinical registries, the retrospective population-based is a feasible approach which allows monitoring the entire pattern of care of all hospitalized MI patients independent of their clinical characteristics.

Published
2018

47. The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients

Author

Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Michel Langlois, Maria-Corina Serban, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, György Paragh, G.B. John Mancini, Eric Bruckert, Zlatko Fras, Bernhard Paulweber, Daniel Pella, Michal Vrablík, Paul Muntner, Olivier S. Descamps, Gani Bajraktari, Arrigo F G Cicero, Marat V. Ezhov, Željko Reiner, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Olena Mitchenko, Angelo Maria Patti, Christos Pitsavos, Patrick M. Moriarty, Dragana Nikolic, Manfredi Rizzo, Nathan D. Wong, Jacek Rysz, Gerald F. Watts, Niki Katsiki, Robert S. Rosenson, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Maciej Banach, Stephan von Haehling, Dragan M. Djuric, Atanas G. Atanasov, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Gustavs Latkovskis, Dragos Vinereanu, UCL - (SLuc) Service de pathologie cardiovasculaire, Banach M., Patti A.M., Giglio R.V., Cicero A.F.G., Atanasov A.G., Bajraktari G., Bruckert E., Descamps O., Djuric D.M., Ezhov M., Fras Z., von Haehling S., Katsiki N., Langlois M., Latkovskis G., Mancini G.B.J., Mikhailidis D.P., Mitchenko O., Moriarty P.M., Muntner P., Nikolic D., Panagiotakos D.B., Paragh G., Paulweber B., Pella D., Pitsavos C., Reiner Z., Rosano G.M.C., Rosenson R.S., Rysz J., Sahebkar A., Serban M.-C., Vinereanu D., Vrablik M., Watts G.F., Wong N.D., Rizzo Manfredi, and Banach M, Patti AM, Giglio RV, Cicero AFG, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Bruckert E, Descamps O, Djuric DM, Ezhov M, Fras Z, von Haehling S, Katsiki N, Langlois M, Latkovskis G, Mancini GBJ, Mikhailidis DP, Mitchenko O, Moriarty PM, Muntner P, Nikolic D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Paulweber B, Pella D, Pitsavos C, Reiner Ž, Rosano GMC, Rosenson RS, Rysz J, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Vinereanu D, Vrablík M, Watts GF, Wong ND, Rizzo M

Subjects
Statin, medicine.drug_class, Disease, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, nutraceuticals, position paper, statin intolerance, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bioinformatics, Klinikai orvostudományok, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutraceutical, Ezetimibe, Statin intolerance, Red yeast rice, Medicine, Humans, Position paper, 030212 general & internal medicine, Endothelial dysfunction, Dyslipidemias, business.industry, Clinical Studies as Topic, Orvostudományok, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular risk, 3. Good health, Dyslipidemia, Dietary Supplements, Arterial stiffness, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), nutraceutical, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Nutraceuticals, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract

Statins are the most common drugs administered for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, due to statin-associated muscle symptoms, adherence to statin therapy is challenging in clinical practice. Certain nutraceuticals, such as red yeast rice, bergamot, berberine, artichoke, soluble fiber, and plant sterols and stanols alone or in combination with each other, as well as with ezetimibe, might be considered as an alternative or add-on therapy to statins, although there is still insufficient evidence available with respect to long-term safety and effectiveness on cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. These nutraceuticals could exert significant lipid-lowering activity and might present multiple non–lipid-lowering actions, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of this expert opinion paper is to provide the first attempt at recommendation on the management of statin intolerance through the use of nutraceuticals with particular attention on those with effective low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction.

Published
2018

48. Lo studio Reveal

Author

Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, Filardi, Pasquale Perrone, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, and Filardi, Pasquale Perrone

Subjects
Adult, Treatment Outcome, Atherosclerosi, Cardiovascular Disease, Anticholesteremic Agent, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Atorvastatin Calcium, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxazolidinone, Follow-Up Studie, Human, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Published
2018

49. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve lipoprotein particle size and concentration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia: a pilot study

Author

Yoshiro Maezawa, Minoru Takemoto, Hirotake Tokuyama, Takahiko Tokuyama, Koutaro Yokote, Kana Ide, Takahiro Ishikawa, and Masaya Koshizaka

Subjects
Male, Very low-density lipoprotein, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Pilot Projects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lipoprotein particle, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Japan, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lipoprotein, lcsh:RC620-627, Aged, 80 and over, Hypertriglyceridemia, Type 2 diabetes, Middle Aged, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol size, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Cardiovascular Diseases, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Lipoproteins, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Humans, Particle Size, Triglycerides, Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, Triglyceride, business.industry, Research, Biochemistry (medical), N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular risk, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated hemoglobin, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Chylomicron
Abstract

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Although hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) can reduce cardiovascular events, residual risk remains even after target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been achieved. Lipoprotein particle size and fraction changes are thought to contribute to such risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, on lipoprotein particle size, concentration, and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label, single arm study. We enrolled 14 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia treated with statins and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Published
2017

50. Antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections in frail elderly patients: the difficult balance between efficacy, safety and tolerability

Author

Federico Pea and Pea F.

Subjects
Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Frail Elderly, health care facilities, manpower, and services, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Hemorrhage, Kidney, Bacterial Infection, Rhabdomyolysis, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Drug Discovery, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Pharmacology, Drug Discovery3003 Pharmaceutical Science, Drug Interactions, Medical prescription, Intensive care medicine, education, Adverse effect, Aged, media_common, Balance (ability), education.field_of_study, Hypoglycemic Agent, business.industry, Kidney metabolism, Bacterial Infections, social sciences, Antimicrobial, Rhabdomyolysi, Hypoglycemia, humanities, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Treatment Outcome, Drug Interaction, Tolerability, Physical therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Macrolide, Macrolides, Warfarin, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Human
Abstract

The elderly population is increasing worldwide and shows an increasing prevalence of frailty. Frailty is recognized as an important factor for inappropriate drug prescribing in elderly patients. Appropriate drug prescription, either in terms of drug choice or in terms of drug dosage, is of paramount importance among the frail elderly patients, this requiring the need of a difficult balance between efficacy, safety and tolerability. Bacterial infections are quite frequent among the elderly, and use of antimicrobials may be associated with severe adverse events in this population, especially when in presence of co-medications and/or of co-morbidities. The aim of this paper is to argue about the most recent published evidences on how to prevent major adverse events whenever antimicrobials should be co-prescribed in frail elderly patients.

Published
2015

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