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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the duration of cryostorage on clinical outcomes after embryo transfer of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open-device slush-nitrogen (SN2 ) system. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 1632 autologous vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles between January 2013 and June 2014. Duration of cryostorage was divided into four groups: Group I: 0-6 months (n=937); Group II: 7-12 months (n=299); Group III: 13-24 months (n=165); and Group IV: ≥25 months (n=231). The effects of the duration of cryostorage on the survival rate (SR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and neonatal outcomes of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open-device SN2 system were evaluated. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups in SR, CPR, LBR, and neonatal outcomes after autologous vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no effect on LBR from duration of cryostorage. CONCLUSION Vitrification using SN2 and long-term cryostorage in an open-device system are safe and effective and do not significantly affect clinical outcomes after embryo transfer.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether intralipid administration improved the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase) were searched until March 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the role of intralipid administration during in vitro fertilization were considered. We analyzed the rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the rates of chemical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and missed abortion. We reviewed and assessed the eligibility of 180 studies. Five RCTs including 840 patients (3 RCTs: women with repeated implantation failure, 1 RCT: women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, 1 RCT: women who had experienced implantation failure more than once) met the selection criteria. When compared with the control group, intralipid administration significantly improved the clinical pregnancy rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.79), ongoing pregnancy rate (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31–2.53), and live birth rate (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.44–2.38). However, intralipid administration had no beneficial effect on the miscarriage rate (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48–1.17). A funnel plot analysis revealed no publication bias. Our findings suggest that intralipid administration may benefit women undergoing in vitro fertilization, especially those who have experienced repeated implantation failure or recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.

To evaluate the effects of the duration of cryostorage on clinical outcomes after embryo transfer of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open-device slush-nitrogen (SNA retrospective cohort study was carried out on 1632 autologous vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles between January 2013 and June 2014. Duration of cryostorage was divided into four groups: Group I: 0-6 months (n=937); Group II: 7-12 months (n=299); Group III: 13-24 months (n=165); and Group IV: ≥25 months (n=231). The effects of the duration of cryostorage on the survival rate (SR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and neonatal outcomes of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open-device SNThere were no significant differences between groups in SR, CPR, LBR, and neonatal outcomes after autologous vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no effect on LBR from duration of cryostorage.Vitrification using SN

Primordial follicle activation is a process in which individual primordial follicles leave their dormant state and enter a growth phase. While existing hormone stimulation strategies targeted the growing follicles, the remaining dormant primordial follicles were ruled out from clinical use. Recently, in vitro activation (IVA), which is a method for controlling primordial follicle activation, has provided an innovative technology for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients. IVA was developed based on Hippo signaling and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol- 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) signaling modulation. With this method, dormant primordial follicles are activated to enter growth phase and developed into competent oocytes. IVA has been successfully applied in POI patients who only have a few remaining remnant primordial follicles in the ovary, and healthy pregnancies and deliveries have been reported. IVA may also provide a promising option for fertility preservation in cancer patients and prepubertal girls whose fertility preservation choices are limited to tissue cryopreservation. Here, we review the basic mechanisms, translational studies, and current clinical results for IVA. Limitations and further study requirements that could potentially optimize IVA for future use will also be discussed.

Recently as the ultrasonography became generalized, the annual change rate of the incidence of thyroid cancer extraordinarily grew to 24.5% in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study was performed to identify the risk factors of thyroid cancer apart from conventional risk factors of dietary iodine and ionizing radiation. In this retrospective study, 411 patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy were examined from January 2011 to March 2013. The subjects are divided into two groups which are 260 patients with benign nodule and 151 patients with malignancy nodule. We compared age, hematologic values, body mass index, waist circumference, menopausal status, breast nodules status, uterine myoma status, fatty liver status of targeted group of patients. According to the result, in thyroid cancer group with obesity, the number of case of breast nodules and myoma was higher, and their thyroid stimulating hormone values was higher than the benign nodule group. In order to establish factors influencing thyroid and thyroid cancer, there is a definite need for continuous study.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCT) is an extremely rare type of uterine stromal neoplasm that exhibits prominent sex cord-like differentiation. The clinical characteristics of a UTROSCT are not fully understood. Most reported cases of UTROSCT were treated by hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; however, a few cases have been treated by only tumor resection in patients who had a strong desire to preserve their fertility. We present a case of UTROSCT with myometrial invasion, which resulted in a successful delivery after the patient was treated by resectoscopic surgery and conservation of the uterus, and a brief review of the literature.

In this study, by combining a unique purpose and additional aspects of ultrasonic transmission media, a development potential on a new ultrasonic transmission media was sought. The rheological characteristics and the manufacturing cost for each manufactured formulation were compared and analysed with ready-made. An ultrasonic transmission media is to have different functional characteristics according to the following formulation, it was the best in rheological value, low viscosity emulsion with the oil gel. Polymer hydro gel is can be manufactured at low cost compared to other formulations. Emulsion which shows a sharp viscosity difference according to the components of oil and water had a big difference in manufacturing cost. This study can be utilized as the fundamental data on the ultrasound transmission media equipped with expertise in various areas of ultrasound.

지방간은 초음파검사에 의해 진단되는 임상적으로 흔한 간질환이다. 본 연구에서는 지방간과 대장암의 전구병변인 대장용종과의 연관성을 분석하여 지방간에 대한 보다 포괄적인 접근방법을 제시하고자 한다. 2012년부터 2013년 1년 동안 청주소재 소화기내과전문센터에서 복부초음파와 대장내시경검사를 동시에 시행한 만성간질환이나 대장질환이 없는 성인 348명을 대상으로 하였다. 지방간과 대장용종의 Chi-Square test에서 지방간이 있는 사람이 지방간이 없는 사람보다 유의미하게 용종이 많이 발생하였다(p

This study was to investigate the level of oragnizational culture and self-leadership on organizational effectiveness and the significant factors influencing organizational effectiveness in radio-technologists. The dominant organizational culture was innovation oriented culture. The mean score of self-readership score was 3.35 out of a maximum 5 points. organizational commitment was statistically significant with age, place of work, relational culture, hierarchial culture, self-goal establishmental leader ships. job satisfaction was statistically significant with marital status, realational culture, self reward leaderships, self-goal establismental lederships. these results suggest that further development should be continued to develop the effective self-readership and organizational culture to improve the organizational effectiveness of radio technologists.

In this study, three different devices, Norland, Osteocore and Lunar were used to compare and analyze the measurement error by each bone density measurement device by classifying the physical characteristics into age, height and weight, the subject of total 300 sampling 100 persons for each device. Categorizing Lumbar region and Femoral neck as normal (T-score-1.0), osteopenia (-1.0>T-score>-2.5) and osteoporosis (T-score-2.5), the findings were observed as follows. Norland device showed the least measurement error in age and height, while Lunar showed the least in weight among the devices. And, the result of comparing the bone density measurement error based on the lumbar region showed that all of Lunar, Norland and Osteocore have the least variation of measurement error in osteopenia and the result of comparing based on the femoral neck showed that all of Lunar, Norland and Osteocore have the least variation of measurement error in osteoporosis. For each variable, the measurement error was observed to be vary upon the device. To solve this, standardized common Phantom should be used to compare and converge the measured value of each company and cross-calibration would be necessary when replacing the software.

The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate thickness of lead shielding for computerized tomography (CT) and mock estimate the transmission spectrum according to changes in lead thickness based on computational simulation of CT apparatus. Based on the technical manual of the CT equipment company, CT device configuration was simulated with Monte Carlo simulation code. As shielding material for CT, lead, the most used one, was selected. Lead thickness was simulated by setting it from 0 (absence of shielding material) to 1.25 mm. With increasing lead thickness, the probability of photon absorption was increased while transmittance was estimated to be reduced. In addition, photon permeability was estimated to be 50% or less with lead thickness of 0.05 mm. However, photon absorption probability was estimated to be 90% or more with lead thickness of 0.375 mm with 10%. In computational simulation transmittance experiment of computed tomography using Monte Carlo simulated code, the appropriate lead thickness of the shield was found to be 0.5 mm.

Cutaneous endometriosis is characterized by the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue in or under the skin. We report a case of cutaneous endometriosis in postmenopausal woman who was receiving hormonal replacement.

This study evaluated the effects of Prunus mume extract on exercise-induced fatigue recovery in a trained rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised either on a control diet (EC) or on diets supplemented with 0.15% (0.15EP), 0.3% (0.3EP), or 0.9% (0.9EP) Prunus mume extract for 4 weeks (n = 18). Each dietary group was divided into two subgroups; at the end of the experimental period, one subgroup was sacrificed immediately after a 1-hour exercise, and the other subgroup was sacrificed after a 30-minute rest following the exercise (n = 9). Compared to the values for EC rats, serum ammonia concentration was significantly lower in 0.3EP and 0.9EP rats that were sacrificed immediately after the exercise-loading and in 0.15EP, 0.3EP and 0.9EP rats that were sacrificed after a 30-minute rest following the exercise. Compared to that in EC rats, serum lactate levels were significantly lower in rats fed 0.15% or higher levels of P. mume extract when they were sacrificed after a 30-minute rest following the exercise. Dietary supplementation with the P. mume extract significantly elevated hepatic and muscle glycogen concentrations of the rats sacrificed immediately after the exercise. P. mume extract significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased citrate synthase activity in the skeletal muscles of the rats sacrificed immediately after the exercise-loading. Taken together, these results indicate that the P. mume extract administered during endurance exercise training may enhance the oxidative capacity of exercising skeletal muscle and may induce the muscle to prefer fatty acids for its fuel use rather than amino acids or carbohydrates.

The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of Garcinia cambogia on the mRNA levels of the various genes involved in adipogenesis, as well as on body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, and other biochemical markers of obesity in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. Consumption of the Garcinia cambogia extract effectively lowered the body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, blood and hepatic lipid concentrations, and plasma insulin and leptin levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. The Garcinia cambogia extract reversed the HFD-induced changes in the expression pattern of such epididymal adipose tissue genes as adipocyte protein aP2 (aP2), sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2), and CCAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha). These findings suggest that the Garcinia cambogia extract ameliorated HFD-induced obesity, probably by modulating multiple genes associated with adipogenesis, such as aP2, SREBP1c, PPARgamma2, and C/EBPalpha in the visceral fat tissue of mice.

Case 1 A 67-year-old South Korean woman presented with a painful eruption on the left trunk. Several groups of vesicles with an erythematous and edematous base were situated unilaterally within the distribution of the left T9 dermatome; they had been present for 7 days. A diagnosis of herpes zoster was made, and treatment with acyclovir, analgesics, tranquilizers, and wet dressings produced a moderate response. Two weeks after onset, the lesions appeared to have healed with a scar. Four months later, however, the patient noticed another eruption of papules in the postherpetic area (Fig. 1A,B). Figure 1. Case 1. (A) Multiple erythematous papules on the left trunk along the T9 dermatome. (B) Multiple erythematous papules with a keratotic central plug Download figure to PowerPoint The biopsy specimen showed a cup-shaped epidermal invagination filled with a keratotic plug containing basophilic debris and collagen, with perforation of the epidermis. Masson's trichrome stain identified refractile fibers within the epidermis as hyalinized and degenerating collagen. Van Gieson staining for elastic fibers was negative in the epidermis and in the crater. These findings are consistent with reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC). Case 2 A 66-year-old South Korean woman developed herpes zoster of the left neck and shoulder, which resolved after an uncomplicated course. Two months later, a zosteriform, pink, papular eruption developed at the site of the resolved herpes zoster. Examination revealed multiple, erythematous papules with a central umbilication containing a firmly adherent keratotic plug on the left shoulder and neck (Fig. 2A). Figure 2. Case 2. (A) Multiple erythematous papules on the left neck and shoulder along the C4 dermatome. (B) Cup-shaped epidermal invagination filled with keratotic plug containing basophilic debris and degenerated collagen, with perforation of the epidermis (hematoxylin and eosin stain, × 100) Download figure to PowerPoint The biopsy specimen showed a dome-shaped lesion with a central crater that extended from the epidermis to the papillary dermis and contained degenerated collagen in vertical strands (Fig. 2B).