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Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of Paljung-san on a patient with a catheter-associated urinary tract infection following a cerebral stroke.Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Paljung-san), and the effects of the treatment were evaluated using blood laboratory tests (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and routine urine analysis.Results: After treatment, the patient’s level of infection, as determined by the blood laboratory test and urine analysis, also improved.Conclusion: The results suggest that herbal medicine (i.e., Paljung-san) may be effective for treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of treatment with traditional Korean medicine on a patient with multiple cerebral infarction caused by posterior cerebral artery occlusion.Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Yikgeebohyul-tang) and acupuncture. The effects of these treatments were evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test, the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, the Modified Rankin scale, and a subjective percentage of sensation in the left lower extremity and face.Results: After treatment, the Modified Rankin Scale score, subjective percentage of sensation in the left lower extremity, and gait disturbance improved.Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine may be effective for treating the symptoms of multiple cerebral infarction caused by posterior cerebral artery occlusion.

Objectives: This study examined the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of stroke and Alzheimer’s disease who had been diagnosed with probable-rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (probable-RBD).Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Ukgan-san, Ukgansangayonggolmoryeo-tang, and powdered Gamisoyo-san extract), Western medicine (clonazepam, antiplatelet, psychotropic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and others), and acupuncture. Their effects were evaluated by the frequency and severity of sleep-related behavioral symptoms.Results: After treatment, the observed frequency and severity of sleep-related behavior decreased.Conclusion: The results suggest that using traditional Korean medicine with clonazepam can be effective in the treatment of patients with probable-RBD.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of traditional Korean medicine on a patient with dysphagia and anorexia following an acute lumbar compression fracture.Methods: The patient was treated with acupuncture and herbal medicine (Bojungikgi-tang and Insamyangyoung-tang), and the effects of the treatment were evaluated by monitoring oral feeding and using the Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) test.Results: After treatment, the amount of oral feeding more than doubled and the MBS was also improved.Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine may be effective for treating dysphagia and anorexia after an acute lumbar compression fracture.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical effect of Korean medicine on a patient who suffered from dizziness.Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine for about 2 weeks.Results: Clinical symptoms (dizziness) improved following treatment with Korean medicine.Conclusions: Korean medicine may be effective for improving clinical symptoms of dizziness.

The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effect of Korean medicine in a patient with anemia of chronic disease (ACD). The patient was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion in combination with Western medicine for around 4 weeks. Although the patient's hemoglobin concentration was maintained at a similar level, the other clinical symptoms of ACD (anorexia, xerostomia, dizziness, and general weakness) were improved after the treatment with Korean medicine. Therefore, Korean medicine treatment may be effective for improving the clinical symptoms of ACD.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the effects of traditional Korean medical treatment on a patient with asthma.Methods: The patient (female, 88) was treated with herbal medicine (Sojaganggi-tang), acupuncture, and moxibustion. The effects of these treatments were evaluated using the Modified Borg Scale (MBS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA).Results: Following treatment, the MBS score decreased from 7 to 4, and the QLQAKA score increased from 45 to 57.Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine can effectively treat patients with asthma.

Purpose Women with dense breast are known to be at high risk for breast cancer, but their prevalence and number of Korean women are unknown. The current study was to investigate the distribution of mammographic breast density by age of women undergoing screening mammography, and to estimate the prevalence of Korean women with dense breasts, quantitatively. Materials and methods For obtaining a nationwide representative sample, 6,481 mammograms were collected from 86 screening units participated in the National Cancer Screening Program for breast cancer. Based on the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification, breast density was evaluated by six breast radiologists, qualitatively. We applied these breast density distributions to age-specific counts of the Korean women population derived to mid-year 2017 to estimate the number of Korean women with dense breasts. Results Overall, 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9% to 55.8%) of women 40 to 69 years of age had heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts, and this proportion was inversely associated with age. Based on the age distribution of Korean women, we estimated that 6,083,000 women (95% CI, 5,919,600 to 6,245,600) age 40-69 years in Korean have dense breasts. Women aged 40-49 years (n=3,450,000) accounted for 56.7% of this group. Conclusion More than half of Korean women aged 40 and over have dense breasts. To prevent breast cancer effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to develop a new personalized prevention strategy considering her status of breast density.

Objective To analyze participant factors that affect the diagnostic performance of screening mammography. Materials and Methods We enrolled 128756 cases from 10 hospitals between 2005 and 2010. We analyzed recall rate, cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 examinations, positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), and interval cancer rate (ICR) per 1000 negative examinations according to participant factors including age, breast density, and number of visit to the same institution, and adjusted for confounding variables. Results Increasing age improved recall rates (27.4% in 40's, 17.5% in 50's, 11.1% in 60's, and 8.6% in 70's), CDR (2.7, 3.2, 2.0, and 2.4), PPV (1.0, 1.8, 1.8, and 2.8%), sensitivity (81.3, 88.8, 90.3, and 94.7%), specificity (72.7, 82.7, 89.0, and 91.7%), and FPR (27.3, 17.3, 11.0, and 8.4%) (p < 0.05). Higher breast density impaired recall rates (4.0% in P1, 9.0% in P2, 28.9% in P3, and 27.8% in P4), PPV (3.3, 2.3, 1.2, and 1.3%), specificity (96.1, 91.2, 71.4, and 72.5%), and FPR (3.9, 8.9, 28.6, and 27.6%) (p < 0.001). It also increased CDR (1.3, 2.1, 3.3, and 3.6) and ICR (0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.6) (p < 0.05). Successive visits to the same institution improved recall rates (20.9% for one visit, 10.7% for two visits, 7.7% for more than three visits), PPV (1.6, 2.8, and 2.7%), specificity (79.4, 89.6, and 92.5%), and FPR (20.6, 10.4, and 7.5%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Young age and dense breasts negatively affected diagnostic performance in mammography screening, whereas successive visits to the same institution had a positive effect. Examinee education for successive visits to the same institution would improve the diagnostic performance.