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Margaret Cropper is best known in Anglican circles for completing Lucy Menzies' biography of Underhill. Cropper's own writings, however, have been almost entirely forgotten, although she was considered one of the pre-eminent Lake district poets of her day, renowned for "her supreme skill... clear, individual voice ... and deep understanding of the [Lake] folk and their dialect". Cropper's influential friendship with Underhill has likewise been largely overlooked. The two writers corresponded frequently, sending rough drafts of their manuscripts to the other for comment and correction. Underhill stayed with Cropper at the latter's home in the Lake District on numerous occasions, and it was Cropper who recommended Reginald Somerset Ward to Underhill as her next spiritual director after Baron Friedrich von Hügel. This essay will present a brief survey of Cropper's life and career before examining Underhill and Cropper's friendship. Postprint

In the peaks of the Central Andes, people had a custom of funerary khipus -- cords with knots that embodied prayers that allowed the deceased to successfully negotiate the many obstacles in the afterlife. The centuries-old custom of burying the dead with a khipu had been dying out in the Andes. However, our research has revealed that during the COVID pandemic, which has been devastating in rural areas, funerary khipus are undergoing a resurgence. Elderly khipu experts who had given up the art have been called out of retirement to create khipus for the dead. This article examines how khipus help to alleviate the anxiety and trauma caused by so much death. Postprint

Quels rapports les sociétés humaines entretiennent-elles avec leur passé et quels récits font-elles du temps révolu ? Pour ce premier volume de l’Encyclopédie des historiographies. Afriques, Amériques, Asies, 157 spécialistes représentant 88 institutions académiques en France et dans le monde explorent l’univers des productions humaines qui constituent des sources pour l’historien et déchiffrent les nombreuses modalités (« scientifiques », littéraires, artistiques, monumentales…) de l’écriture du passé. Évoquant tour à tour l’Afrique, l’Amérique latine, l’Asie, l’Océanie, les 216 notices de l’ouvrage présentent des matériaux historiques de toute nature, issus de toutes les époques, souvent méconnus, ainsi que l’histoire de leurs usages. L’entreprise collective qu’est l’Encyclopédie se veut novatrice : il s’agit de susciter une réflexion historiographique résolument non-occidentalo-centrée qui complète utilement les démarches épistémologiques traditionnelles. Nouvel outil de connaissance historique forgé à l’heure de la mondialisation, l’Encyclopédie des historiographies est aussi une véritable invitation au voyage. What are the different types of relations that non-Western societies upkeep with their past and how are narratives about the past produced by them? In this first volume of the Encyclopaedia of Historiography: Africa, America, Asia, 157 specialists from 88 international academic institutions explore the wealth of evidence that constitutes source material for historians. They also examine the immensely diverse modes or genres of narrated history: “scientific”, literary, artistic, architectural, etc. 216 entries dealing with Africa, Latin America, Oceania, and Asia, cover a large variety of sources, including many which are unfamiliar to the Western or non-Western reader, along with the history of how they have been exploited. By bringing together for the first time such an abundance of material the reader is offered the possibility of exploring continents and building meaningful connections across space and time. In addition to being a new tool for historical enquiry in an era of globalization, this encyclopaedia is also an invitation to travel the world.

This article considers the historiography of khipus, the corded fibre technology used in the Andes to record information such as demographic data, inventories, labour tribute, histories, genealogies, biographies and missives. An overview of archeological and ethnographic khipus is first presented. This essay then addresses the following two questions: (1) how can khipus inform us about Inka history; and (2) how do modern khipus serve as sites of memory and identity? Cet article porte sur l’étude des Khipus, assemblages de cordelettes utilisés dans les Andes afin de noter des informations telles que des données démographiques, des inventaires, des tributs, des histoires, des généalogies, des biographies, certains pouvant être considérés comme des lettres. On brosse tout d’abord un panorama des khipus anciens et de ceux qui sont encore en usage puis deux questions sont abordées : (1) Que peuvent nous dire les khipus de l’histoire incas (2) Quels liens les khipus actuels entretiennent-ils avoir la mémoire et l’identité ?

Khipus are knotted-cord devices once used in the Andes for communication and recording information. Although numbers can be read on many khipus, it is unknown how other forms of data may have been recorded on the strings. Scholars currently debate whether elements of cord construction, such as the direction of ply, signified meaning on khipus and, if so, how. Testimony from an Aymara-speaking khipu maker, collected in 1895 by Max Uhle and recovered from Uhle's unpublished field notes, combined with the analysis of his actual khipu provides the first direct evidence that ply was a signifying element in khipus. Moreover, the evidence suggests that ply signified through a principle of markedness in which S ply corresponded to the unmarked (more valued) category while Z ply corresponded to the marked (less valued) category. Publisher PDF