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Language is crucial for adapting to society, and learning different languages enhances human efficiency. Learning a second language involves acquiring any language in addition to one's native language. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has two meanings, generally, it describes the process of learning a second language, and more specifically, it refers to the theory of how a second language is acquired or picked up. Second language learning demands considerable effort and practice. Stephen Krashen, a prominent linguist, has conducted extensive research on non- English and bilingual language acquisition. Krashen's theory of second language learning is founded on five major hypotheses, the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, the Natural Order Hypothesis, the Monitor Hypothesis, the Input Hypothesis, and the Affective Filter Hypothesis. Given its broad scope and significant impact on language teaching approaches, Krashen's Second Language Acquisition theory is better described as a theory rather than merely a hypothesis. However, like all scientific theories, it continues to be refined and debated in scholarly circles. This article explores Krashen's theories of Second Language Acquisition and provides justifications for referring to them as theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comparative assessment of domestic and foreign scientists’ and economists’ works, who studied theoretical approaches to sustainable economic development. Countries are increasingly integrating with each other, labor productivity is higher, but at the same time natural resources are used too intensively, which leads to environmental pollution. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more attention and even be unable to influence the processes aimed at ensuring stable economic growth. In the conditions of world economic relations transformation, economic systems activity sustainability is a key element of development and growth of national economies of states. The introduction and use of theoretical approaches in the process of studying the sustainable development of the economy makes it possible to systematize various properties of economic systems in the process of analyzing its development prospects. The obtained results of the conducted research can be used in theoretical frameworks evaluation aimed at studying the sustainable development of economy.

I reconstruct J. H. Lambert's views on how practical grounds relate to epistemic features, such as certainty. I argue, first, that Lambert's account of moral certainty does not involve any distinctively practical influence on theoretical belief. However, it does present an interesting form of fallibilism about justification as well as a denial of a tight link between knowledge and action. Second, I argue that for Lambert, the persistence principle that underwrites induction is supported by practical reasons to believe; this indicates that Lambert is a moderate pragmatist about reasons for theoretical belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the hypotheses put forward in the 19th and early 20th centuries to explain the phenomenon of solar luminosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critically assesses the quality of the research of four articles published under the theme "Faith and the Natural Sciences" in the Journal of Humanities, 63(2):192-261. Lewis Vaughn's statement in his book The Power of Critical Thinking is taken as cue for assessing the articles. He wrote (Vaughn, 2005:3): "Critical thinking focuses not on what causes a belief, but whether it is worth believing. A belief is worth believing, or accepting, if we have good reasons to accept it." The conclusion of the authors already expressed in the first of the articles, namely that the Bible and the Christian religion support the results of modern science, is scrutinised critically in the current article. In the first section the issue of how researchers are able to distinguish between truth and falsity is discussed. The authors of the articles under discussion answered this question in terms of a scientific method consisting of the following steps: (1) observation, (2) questioning, (3) formulation of a hypothesis, (4) challenging the hypothesis, (5) formulation of a theory. However, they are of the opinion that research done by natural scientists differs from the kind of research done by researchers in the humanities, social sciences and religion. According to them the latter group may commence their research with presuppositions. Research in theology may serve as an example. According to their reasoning religious convictions are allowed to guide the research. They therefore distinguish between religious convictions and interpretations based on religious convictions respectively. Researchers in theology may critically assess the quality of the interpretations -- but never the religious convictions themselves since this can lead to questioning of eternal religious truths. While I agree with their exposition of the scientific process as a method of discovering the truth about an aspect of the world in which we live, I argue against their conviction that research done in the humanities, social sciences and religion differs from that done in the natural sciences and that faith convictions are allowed to play a role in the research process. My argument is illustrated with reference to two examples -- one from the natural sciences, and one from the human sciences. The example from the natural sciences focuses on astronomy and the paradigm shift brought about by Copernicus's (1774--1543) and Galileo Galilei's (1564--1642) investigations. Prior to their research findings astronomers were convinced that the earth is the centre of the universe and that the sun, moon and planets revolve around the earth. The abovementioned observations led to the discarding of the geocentric model of the universe. However, Copernicus's and Galileo's new hypothesis was not immediately accepted. It took time before the heliocentric model of the universe was accepted. This shift can also be called a shift in perspective. The different scholars looked at the same natural phenomena but saw different pictures. The identification of sources in the Pentateuch serves as an example of a similar process in the human sciences. Jean Astruc (1684--1766) believed that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch. However, his research of the book of Genesis revealed that Moses had used different names for God: Elohim and Yahweh. This led Astruc to formulate the hypothesis that Moses had used two older sources (E and J) to write the book of Genesis. He also identified a third source consisting of smaller fragments in Genesis. This was the beginning of the socalled four-sources hypothesis concerning the origin of the Pentateuch and resulted in the identification of the sources J, E, D, and P. Julius Wellhausen (1844--1918) used this hypothesis to argue that the priestly material (the laws, regulations and prescriptions) originated after the prophetic material. He discarded the old conviction that the priestly material originated during the early history of Israel. This also led to questioning of the conviction that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch. It would appear that the authors of the articles under consideration are totally oblivious of recent research findings, since they still refer to Moses as the author of Genesis. In the second section of the current article the relationship between truth and history is discussed. In the first sub-section of this part of the article the dawn of a historical consciousness in the Western world is considered. Charles Darwin (1809--1882) benefitted from such consciousness. He merged history with biology and argued that animal and plant species are not static, but that they do change over time. This led to his book The Origin of Species published in 1859 which the authors of the four articles erroneously referred to as the 18th century. The second sub-section of this part of the article discusses Thomas Kuhn's (1922--1996) identification of paradigms and paradigm shifts in the history of the natural sciences. It is subsequently argued that the history of biblical research reflects similar paradigms and paradigm shifts and concludes that there was a major paradigm shift towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This shift entails a different look at the Bible. The Bible was no longer regarded as a special book containing the words of God. Rather, scholars became convinced that the Bible was entirely a human book. James Barr (1924--2006) eloquently formulated it as follows (1973:120): "If one wants to use the Word-of-God type of language, the proper term for the Bible would be Word of Israel, Word of some leading early Christians." The previous two sections of the current article identified the defects in the arguments entertained in the articles under discussion (June, 2023). The authors' assumption that research in the humanities and social sciences differs from scientific research is found to be problematical. Furthermore, they would appear to disregard the research history of the subjects they are comparing, since no mention is made of the paradigm shift in biblical studies. But that is not all, the authors also superimposed their convictions onto the text of the Bible as if such convictions were shared by people living in the ancient Near Eastern world. In the third section of the current article Genesis 1:1-2:4a and Genesis 2:4b-3:24 are properly analysed as etiological stories to drive home the nail that the research as reflected in said articles is unconvincing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The meaning of the article is determined by the necessity to introduce into scientific discourse a rare monument of sigillography – a stone carved print. The print was found on the right bank of the Karakengir River, 15 km northeast of the city of Satpayev, Ulytau Region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently it is stored in the Karaganda Regional Museum of History and Local Lore. Rectangular symbols which remind of Phag-pa or Mongolian square writing are carved on the front side of this matrix. Consultations were held with orientalists and linguists from Russia and abroad for attribution, linguistic, textual analysis. As a result of these consultations, it turned out that this is not a Mongolian square letter and the inscription on the print is not readable. Probably, the print cutter did not know the Mongolian square writing and reproduced the text on the front panel from memory, making misrepresentation. It is assumed that this print could belong to one of the Kalmyk or Dzhungar high-ranking persons of the 17th–18th centuries. It could have been lost during the Last Great Nomadic Migration – the exodus of the Kalmyks from the Russian Empire to their historical homeland in Dzungaria in 1771. The author expresses hope for the prospect of publication which will make the print item available for further research of the mysterious inscription.

The paper is devoted to the problem of the origin of the Moon. The discussed modern scenarios for the formation of the Earth–Moon system are: simultaneous formation of the Earth and the Moon in the circumsolar gas-dust disk; impact partial destruction of the Earth by a massive asteroid; gravitational capture of the Moon by the Earth; and destruction of the double Moon at the beginning when approaching the Earth with possible subsequent absorption components of smaller mass by the Earth. We offer two-stage scenario of gravitational capture of the Moon by the Earth in the early stages of Solar System. In the first stage, using a hybrid numerical model in the formulation of the three-body problem (Sun, Earth and Moon) and N-bodies, the search and selection of temporary orbits of the Moon around the Earth is carried out. Using the backward integration method in the N-body problem formulation, the influence of tidal forces on pumping of orbital moment of the Moon () relative to the Earth at its own moment is estimated. The simulation shows that actions tidal forces alone are not enough to capture the Moon by the Earth in a short time scale of ~100 years (). At the second stage, the factor is considered viscous-dissipative environment leading to additional "slowing down" of the Moon, due, for example, to collisions with asteroids and the transition of tidal energy into heat, which helps the Moon get rid of excess kinetic energy and gain constant orbit around the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intending to explore the terminologies, practices, and attitudes that permeate neurodivergent students’ inclusion and are shown in the mathematics teacher’s vocabulary, this paper presents a study that answers the following research question: Which assumptions can we identify in mathematics teachers’ vocabulary regarding autism? The data produced in the study consisted of registers by eight mathematics teachers from two public schools in the city of São Paulo answering an online questionnaire. The analysis assumes the principles of neurodiversity as a theoretical framework. It identifies three assumptions in the vocabulary of the participating teachers: (1) the recognition of needs arising from neurodivergence as a criterion for validating teaching practice, with the search for adjustment, adaptation, and pedagogical support that complements the school inclusion process; (2) the introduction of terminologies derived from the neurodiversity movement; and (3) medical explanation aligned with definitions and related descriptors in healthcare manuals. We conclude that neurodiversity is a movement with the potential to bring about such changes in the educational scenario. Still, as mathematics educators, we are incited to think how close we are to the sociological and critical ground in which this movement originates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to predict the likely dynamics of Russia's GDP and consumption fund for 15 years, based solely on highly aggregated characteristics of investment activity—the savings rate and the incremental capital−output ratio. Hypotheses regarding investment parameters are formed with account for their values and trends during the retrospective period 2001–2020. The results of forecast calculations show that there is a fundamental possibility to ensure the average annual GDP growth rate for the period up to 2035 at approximately 3%. This will require serious investments to increase the savings rate to 26−27% in three to four years, at the same time significantly improving the quality of the investment resource and the return on additional capital, and to begin forming a production apparatus on a new technological platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing cause and effect (i.e., causality) is a fundamental aim in science and important for wildlife management, as we need to know the cause of an event if we seek to reproduce, enhance, or diminish it. We review 13 alternative approaches for applying 12 criteria to establish causality. Strength of causal inference is greater when more causal criteria are applied so we propose a scaffolding set of criteria to clearly establish causality. We recommend validating predicted outcomes of wildlife management efforts when predictions are based on a unique mechanism and temporality, especially when manipulative experimental studies are not feasible. We use 3 case studies, namely of lamb predation by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), causes of trends in northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), and causes of trends in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), to illustrate these topics, which are of wide relevance in wildlife management. We recommend greater use of causality and relative strength of causal inference to improve adaptive wildlife management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management & Innovation is the property of Wyzsza Szkola Biznesu-National Louis University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I extend the case for a necessitation account of particular laws in Kant's philosophy of science by examining the relation between reason's hypothetical use in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic and the legitimate hypotheses identified in the Doctrine of Method. Building on normative accounts of reason's ideas, I argue that reason's hypothetical use does not describe the connections between objects and their grounds, which lie beyond the reach of the understanding, but merely prescribes the relations between appearances and their conditions, for which the understanding must seek. A legitimate hypothesis, I suggest, is a proposition we hold to be true that fills in one or several of those relations. The problematic character of hypotheses requires that we evaluate our reasons for holding them to be true. While natural modality is grounded in the nature of things, which cannot be fully known, our reasons for assent can and must be grounded on features of objects that are epistemically available to us. • Examines the relation between reason's hypothetical use and physical hypotheses in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. • Extends the case for a necessitation account of particular laws in Kant's philosophy of science. • Argues that hypotheses for Kant make available certain epistemic grounds that can justify our assent to lawful propositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE: This study explores the association between sustainable business practices (SBP) and turnover intention (TI) to understand the role of sustainability initiatives in influencing employee retention and organizational commitment. METHODOLOGY: The present study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. From an initial selection of 326 articles, a rigorous double-blind screening process identified 31 key papers for in-depth analysis. FINDINGS: The systematic review provides compelling evidence that SBP have a robust positive association with employee outcomes, especially in reducing TI. This relationship is notably mediated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment and moderated by psychological safety and ethical leadership elements. Further, key gaps were discerned, including the necessity to explore the varied impact of SBP across industries, the enduring effects of SBP on TI, the influence of cultural and contextual facets, and the urgency for methodological advancements in cross-cultural research. In response to these gaps, four hypotheses were conceptualized to provide deeper insights into the complex interplay between SBP, TI, and overarching cultural/contextual variables. IMPLICATIONS: Theoretically, this research adds to the existing literature by empirically validating the relationship between SBP and TI, highlighting critical mediators and moderators, and suggesting avenues for future research. Incorporating the identified gaps and proposed hypotheses provides a structured direction for subsequent investigations. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating SBP into organizational strategies to promote sustainability while enhancing workforce well-being and retention. Organizations can align with sustainability goals and boost employee satisfaction by focusing on organizational commitment, open communication, and leadership grounded in ethical and sustainable principles. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This research provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between SBP and TI, integrating insights from various studies. By emphasizing understudied mediators and moderators, identifying research gaps, and outlining derived hypotheses, the study sets the stage for future inquiries. Its practical recommendations are essential for organizations that balance sustainability goals with workforce stability, benefiting organizational performance and employee satisfaction.

Hypotheses are frequently the starting point when undertaking the empirical portion of the scientific process. They state something that the scientific process will attempt to evaluate, corroborate, verify or falsify. Their purpose is to guide the types of data we collect, analyses we conduct, and inferences we would like to make. Over the last decade, metascience has advocated for hypotheses being in preregistrations or registered reports, but how to formulate these hypotheses has received less attention. Here, we argue that hypotheses can vary in specificity along at least three independent dimensions: the relationship, the variables, and the pipeline. Together, these dimensions form the scope of the hypothesis. We demonstrate how narrowing the scope of a hypothesis in any of these three ways reduces the hypothesis space and that this reduction is a type of novelty. Finally, we discuss how this formulation of hypotheses can guide researchers to formulate the appropriate scope for their hypotheses and should aim for neither too broad nor too narrow a scope. This framework can guide hypothesis-makers when formulating their hypotheses by helping clarify what is being tested, chaining results to previous known findings, and demarcating what is explicitly tested in the hypothesis.

When we teach Physics, mainly in High School and in the context of teacher training, the aim is to teach, in addition to physical concepts, aspects of the nature of science (what is science, what differentiates science from other forms of knowledge, how science impacts society). Doing so is a huge challenge, as it may imply a choice between emphasizing more conceptual and mathematical elements, or making the discussion more philosophical. Our objective is to present a proposal for the analysis of historical texts with a didactic purpose, in order to allow the exploration of Physics (the conceptual and mathematical aspects) at the same time that epistemic and social aspects of science are discussed. In this sense, we propose, in this article, an alternative to explore history with the aim of highlighting a little analyzed element about the nature of Science: the role of scientific hypotheses in the construction of knowledge. We assume that every statement whose content exceeds the empirical content of a research can be considered a hypothesis. Seeking to establish an analysis proposal with didactic purposes, we propose a categorization of scientific hypotheses regarding their nature (cosmovisive, ontological or representational) and regarding their logical role in the construction of Science (initial axioms, hypotheses assumed later or derivations). Finally, we exemplify the application of this framework in the analysis of historical episodes that led to the Heat Equation and Schrödinger's Equation, examples that could be adopted in the context of Physics teacher education, suggesting that research based on the proposed approach be developed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, hypotheses and fundamental research are first problematized as two basic factors of the problem in question. Then, different attitudes of methodologists were pointed out regarding the understanding of hypotheses in research in general. At the end (in the applied part) the connection between hypotheses and other elements of the scientific idea in the research project (plan) is explained. In the introductory part, the importance of fundamental research for the development of science was pointed out because it provides a methodological-logical and cognitive (epistemological) basis for other (applied and developmental) research. It was also pointed out that fundamental research does not significantly affect the choice and application of hypotheses. There are certain micro differences that are not so important to research. Methodologists and other scientists had and still have different opinions about hypotheses. The paper shows only those differences that are brought to: understanding and creation of hypotheses, their place in research, connection with scientific theory, method of execution and verification. At the end, the connection between hypotheses and other elements of the scientific idea - problem, subject, goals, method and justification of research - is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates that inexperienced Christian individuals, boys & girls, working under the supervision of a mentor or an experienced team to learn trade skills. The purpose of the project was to develop useful job skills in the Christian individuals entering the workforce, increase future earning potential and enhance employability. This empirical study depicted that more than 32 trades have been selected by the 500 apprentices, and it gave a systematic investigation review and opportunity to test the validity of different assumptions, in the form of hypotheses, before arriving at any findings. This study illustrated that 20% of the apprentices had adopted the profession of tailoring/sewing, whereas 17% of apprentices like to join the trade of beauticians/beauty parlor. These two professions are mostly adopted by girls. 15.6% of apprentices like to work at barber shops or hair salon, which is mostly occupied by boys. 74.4% of apprentices say that they will have significantly more chances of finding work in future, whereas the rest of the apprentices confirm that there will be slightly more chances to find work of their own interest in the future. 51.2% of apprentices stopped their studies due to financial issues & 34.8 % are those who couldn't continue their studies because of a lack of interest in studies. There were different quantitative and qualitative methods of data gathering that were used during this empirical research study, which included surveys, experiments, and various observatory methods. Surveys are one of the most common methods that have been used in this study which were administered physically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophers and scientists propose the idea that plants are cognitive, which has been met with criticisms. These criticisms focus on the fact that plants do not possess the properties traditionally associated with cognition. By contrast, several proponents introduce novel ways to conceptualize cognition. How should we make sense of this debate? In this paper, I argue that the plant cognition debate is not about whether plants meet a set of well-delineated and agreed-upon criteria according to which they count as cognitive. Rather, many proponents are hypothesizing about cognition. They construe COGNITION not as an expression of what cognition is, but rather as a conjecture about what cognition might be. These conjectures orient research that can uncover novel similarities amongst the phenomena to which these concepts extend. In defending this view, I argue that investigating plant cognition is valuable, even if the results of these investigations lead us to reject the claim that plants are cognitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Umm Al-Qura University Journal for Languages & Literature is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I would like to present the methodological views of two representatives of the early modern Cartesian school: Jacques Rohault and Pierre-Sylvain Régis. Firstly, I want to present the methodological objections of Cartesians to Aristotelian and Scholastic natural philosophy. Then, I want to show how Cartesians strived for a combination of empirical and speculative procedures in their explanations of natural processes. Lastly, I would like to explain the reasons and forms of the hypothetical methodology which was significant for Cartesian natural philosophy. My aim is to refute the idea of the methodological naivety of Cartesians and point out the importance of hypothetical reasoning in the genesis of modern science.

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 21st century, which is often characterized by fake news and pseudoscientific claims, it is important that students should engage with the tenets of science, and how it differs from pseudoscience. The Rationality Index for Plant Use (RIPU) tool, introduced in this article, could be used in a problem-based and cooperative learning activity, where students explore the tenets of respectively science and pseudoscience. During such a learning activity, students will engage with scientific literature to either find support for hypotheses, or to nullify it. The activity also holds affordances to sensitize students toward the processes of science and the realization that scientists publish their findings in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of a "query" occurred in legal, medical, theological and scientific writings during the early modern period. Whereas the "questionary" (from c. 1400s) sought replies from within a doctrine (such as Galenic medicine), in the 1600s the query posed open-ended inquiries, seeking empirical information from travellers, explorers and others. During the 1660s in Britain, three versions of the query (and lists of queries) emerged. Distinctions need to be made between queries seeking information via observation and those asking for experimentation, and between those aiming to keep theory to one side and those that framed theoretical conjectures. My examples are drawn from the work of the Royal Society of London (founded 1660) and from some of its leading members, especially Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the third in a series of articles to help readers increase their knowledge -- and in the process, enhance their skill and confidence in appraising, synthesizing, interpreting, and ultimately, deciding if a given piece of evidence should be incorporated into practice. This article discusses the purpose statement, research questions, and hypotheses presented in a research article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modern ballistocardiography (BCG) and seismocardiography (SCG) use acceleration sensors to measure oscillating recoil movements of the body caused by the heartbeat and blood flow, which are transmitted to the body surface. Acceleration artifacts occur through intrinsic sensor roll, pitch, and yaw movements, assessed by the angular velocities of the respective sensor, during measurements that bias the signal interpretation., Objective: This observational study aims to generate hypotheses on the detection and elimination of acceleration artifacts due to the intrinsic rotation of accelerometers and their differentiation from heart-induced sensor accelerations., Methods: Multimodal data from 4 healthy participants (3 male and 1 female) using BCG-SCG and an electrocardiogram will be collected and serve as a basis for signal characterization, model modulation, and location vector derivation under parabolic flight conditions from µg to 1.8g. The data will be obtained during a parabolic flight campaign (3 times 30 parabolas) between September 24 and July 25 (depending on the flight schedule). To detect the described acceleration artifacts, accelerometers and gyroscopes (6-degree-of-freedom sensors) will be used for measuring acceleration and angular velocities attributed to intrinsic sensor rotation. Changes in acceleration and angular velocities will be explored by conducting descriptive data analysis of resting participants sitting upright in varying gravitational states., Results: A multimodal data set will serve as a basis for research into a noninvasive and gentle method of BCG-SCG with the aid of low-noise and synchronous 3D gyroscopes and 3D acceleration sensors. Hypotheses will be generated related to detecting and eliminating acceleration artifacts due to the intrinsic rotation of accelerometers and gyroscopes (6-degree-of-freedom sensors) and their differentiation from heart-induced sensor accelerations. Data will be collected entirely and exclusively during the parabolic flights, taking place between September 2024 and July 2025. Thus, as of June 2024, no data have been collected yet. The data will be analyzed until December 2025. The results are expected to be published by June 2026., Conclusions: The study will contribute to understanding artificial acceleration bias to signal readings. It will be a first approach for a detection and elimination method., Trial Registration: Deutsches Register Klinische Studien DRKS00034402; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00034402., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): PRR1-10.2196/63306., (©Urs-Vito Albrecht, Annabelle Mielitz, Kazi Mohammad Abidur Rahman, Ulf Kulau. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 26.09.2024.)

The role of pro-environmental behaviour in environmental care and mitigation of environmental problems is widely recognised. However, most studies on pro-environmental behaviour have focused on populations living in Western and high-income countries and only a few studies are available in developing countries. In this paper, we explored and compared the determinants of pro-environmental behaviour of citizens in six African countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe. We examined the relationship between socio-demographic variables and pro-environmental behaviour of citizens within and across these countries using secondary data collected through Wave 6 of the World Value Surveys. The results showed that there were differences and some similarities in pro-environmental behaviour across the selected countries. Factors such as gender, education, social class, membership of environmental organisations and employment status positively correlated with pro-environmental behaviour among the selected respondents. Based on the study findings, recommendations are made within to improve and increase pro-environmental behaviour in the selected countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)