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The mediating role of parental satisfaction in the relation between family involvement in early intervention service planning and parental self-efficacy was explored. Participants included families of children with disability or delay involved in early intervention ( n = 2586). Data were examined upon entry into early intervention (T1) and at conclusion of early intervention (T2). Structural equation modeling was used to predict parental satisfaction (overall satisfaction and satisfaction with providers) at T2 and parental self-efficacy at T2 from family involvement in service planning at T1. Results suggest that family involvement in service planning was significantly and positively associated with both measures of satisfaction. Satisfaction with service providers mediated the relation between family involvement and parental self-efficacy such that more family involvement led to increased satisfaction, which in turn was related to higher reports of self-efficacy. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of families’ initial involvement in service planning and satisfaction with parent–provider relationships.

This qualitative study explores Korean transnational families, known as gireogi gah-jok. In this type of family, the mother and her children move to an English-speaking country for the children's education while the father stays and supports his family financially from the country of origin. We conducted interviews with thirteen mothers who resided with at least one adolescent child in the northwest area of the USA. Guided by symbolic interactionism, we examined how women perceived the gireogi family situation separated in the two countries and how their perception influenced their maternal roles as gireogi mothers. Findings indicate that these women reshaped their maternal self and renegotiated gendered roles in response to their residence in the foreign country and physical separation from their husbands. The findings also suggest that participants made an effort to maintain family cohesion by frequent communication using technology and sporadic reunions.

In this study, the Kringle V domain (Glu4225-Ser4310) of human apolipoprotein A, an antiangiogenic polypeptide, was expressed as a secreted form in Pichia pastoris, and was purified via a process consisting of three chromatographic steps. The chromatographically purified kringle V domain contained a C-terminal serine-deleted form and several high-molecular-weight forms, which were suspected to represent glycosylated derivatives. In order to remove these derivatives, we employed a crystallization process. The crystallization of kringle V resulted in an 85% recovery yield, and also resulted in the complete removal of the aforementioned high-molecular-weight forms. However, we were still able to detect a trace of the C-terminal serine-deleted form. The prepared Kringle V crystals were stable within a pH range of 7.0 to 8.0, and were completely dissolved by dilution, which is a crucial factor in the preparation of a highly concentrated formulation. The chromatogram of the crystallized kringle V on reversed-phase HPLC analysis was identical to that observed without crystallization. Also, we noted that the original anti-wound migration activities of the molecule toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells were completely retained.