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Climate change has a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural crops at local, regional and global levels. Foodstuff security and sustainable livelihood of cotton farmers in the core cotton growing region in Punjab, Pakistan is under threat because of decreased yield due to climate change. The quantification of the integrated impact assessment of climate change for developing adaptation approaches for cotton is vital for improving productivity at a regional level and improving food security at a national level. Two crop models were evaluated with on-farm survey data of 165 farms employing stratified random sampling techniques. Representative agricultural pathways (RAPs) were developed for characterizing future cotton production. Global climate models (GCMs) depicted a rise of 3.6 and 4.3°C for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively, along with a decreased in rainfall of 600 mm under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. The expected temperature rise for the hot-dry climate would cause a reduction in productivity of 35.3 and 39.2% by mid-century for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, according to the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model, while the Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) showed a reduction of 51.1 and 59.6%, respectively. Increases under the current adaptation of a 15% increase in each of nitrogen and planting density ranged from 1.1 to 6.3% for DSSAT and 2.6 to 8.2% for APSIM. Climate-adapted cotton productivity was projected to rise from 18.7 to 35.9% for DSSAT and from 13.8 to 42% for APSIM for all GCMs. Results showed that current and future cotton systems are adversely impacted by climate change; however, climate-change-adapted management approaches could offset possible reductions in productivity. Sustained cotton productivity in the core cotton zone requires capacity building amongst farmers, enabling them to improve their crop management in the face of seasonal climate variability and future climate change.

Agriculture catalyzes the economy in developing nations. Malaysian agriculture constitutes 4.06 million hectares, with 80% encompassing industrial crops and agro-food production, boosting the economy through implementing precision agriculture (PA). Precision agriculture gives minimal environmental implications by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), improving sustainability, productivity, and crop production 30-fold instead of conventional methods. This study aims to review the UAV application based on technical requirements with insights into the potentiality of precision agriculture in UAV agriculture technologies, limitations, and solutions.

The current investigation aimed to evaluate the role of Punica granatum juice extract to reduce nephrotoxic formation by amikacin in male and female albino rabbits by measuring some criteria for biochemical functions, such as creatinine, urea, albumin, total protein. Given amikacin (80mg/ kg) daily by injection in muscle for period of 15 days caused a significant increase at the level of (p ≤ 0.05)in the concentration of creatinine, and urea in the serum compared with the group control, while decreased the concentration of albumin and total protein significantly compared with the control group. The rabbits given orally total dose of 100ml several time of amikacin daily pomegranate juice, a concentration of 40%, concomitantly with the injection in muscle at aldose of (80) mg/kg/day) has recorded a significant decrease in the concentrations of creatinine and urea compared with the group of rabbits treated with amikacin only, and increased significantly the albumin and total protein compared with the control group treated with amikacin only.

To analyze the treatment strategies, outcomes and factors impacting these outcomes in extraosseous ewings sarcoma (EOES).A search of the hospital database yielded a total of 109 EOES patients registered in last 10 years out of which 25 patients were excluded from analysis due to incomplete medical records. Demographic and clinical characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Overall survival (OS) was taken from the time of diagnosis to death. Patients who were alive or lost to follow up were censored from the survival analysis. A total of 12 clinical and treatment related variables were taken into univariate analysis and those showing significance or a trend towards significance were taken up for multivariate analysis. Further a cluster analysis was done in a quest to find a subgroup which would have a better survival outcome as compared to other clusters. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis.Chest wall (n=26), lower extremity (n=22) and paraspinal area (n=14) were the common sites involved. Localised swelling (n=43) was the most common presenting symptom and the median time to presentation was 2 months. Overall survival of the entire cohort at 5 years was 52 percent. Stage at presentation had a significant impact (P value0.001) on estimated median OS (localised 70 months versus 36 months in metastatic stage). Cluster analysis showed that, patients with localised stage at presentation, good response to chemotherapy, negative resection margin and no adjuvant RT had a median survival of 69 months.Judicious use of trimodality treatment in EOES yields optimal results and it also adds significantly onto the scarce literature on this subtype of sarcoma.

The low performance of insulation panels has received great attention from many researchers and engineers to improve their properties as it has become a limiting factor that minimize their usage specifically as insulation building material. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the development of composite insulation panels made from natural waste fiber. Due to the abundance of natural waste fiber generated by the agricultural industry, it has made them suitable to be utilized as raw material for composite insulation panels. Having improper waste disposal management might result in these massive quantities of valuable natural waste fiber having a detrimental effect on our ecosystem and contributing to various environmental pollution. A composite insulation panel made from natural waste fibers has unique and versatile features in terms of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties. Seeing such potential, this paper presents a review on the influencing factors towards improving comprehensive properties of composite insulation panels. Factors that influence the properties of the panel, such as the physico-chemical properties of fiber, fiber geometrical structure, and fiber treatment were discussed. Previous and recent research efforts related to factors influencing the properties of composite insulation panels were also compiled. Last but not least, the suitable criteria, limiting factors, and condition of the fiber used in composite insulation panels were also all highlighted.

Abdullah Omar Al Houssien,1 Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer,2,3 Sameer I Ahmad,4– 6 Ohoud Owaidhah,7 Rizwan Malik8 1Fellowship and Residency Training Program, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; 5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 6Glaucoma Consultants of Washington, Herndon, VA, USA; 7Glaucoma Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Ophthalmology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Abdullah Omar Al Houssien, Fellowship and Residency Training Program, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 Al Urobah Road, Umm Al Hamam Al Gharbi, Riyadh, 12329-8139, Saudi Arabia, Email AbdullahAlHoussien@gmail.comIntroduction and Objective: To describe a novel technique for providing external ligation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) to prevent hypotony in eyes at high risk with a 4/0 nylon stent suture and report outcomes compared to ligation with an absorbable vicryl suture and no ligation in terms of efficacy and safety.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study investigating the efficacy and safety of in situ stenting compared to an absorbable ligature and the standard care, in high risk eyes, of hypotony. It included 116 patients; 34 in Group A (ligation + stent), 27 in Group B (ligation – stent), and 55 in Group C (no ligation).Results: The mean age (in years) of the participants was 53.94± 19.01 in Group A, 44.85± 29.92 in Group B and 52.62± 24.47 in Group C, 59% (n = 20), 63% (n = 17) and 60% (n = 33) were males, respectively. The follow-up period was at least 6 months (Group A: 9.1± 4.2 months, Group B: 9.6± 3.4 months and Group C: 10.2± 6.4 months). The mean baseline Snellen VA (LogMAR) was 1.82± 1.34, 1.30± 0.98 and 1.34± 1.07 and the mean baseline IOP was 32.50± 9.48, 28.22± 7.12 and 28.33± 10.63 mmHg, in Groups A, B and C, respectively. The failure rates, by the Kaplan Meier Survival curve, were higher 27.3% in Group C (no ligation) compared to 20.6% in Group A (ligation + stent) and 18.5% in Group B (ligation – stent) yet not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.4; log rank test). There was lower hypotony 2.9% in Group A and lower complications 25.9% in Group B but no statistical significance was found amongst the groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, temporary nylon in situ stenting of AGV had lower rates of hypotony. Furthermore, lower failure and complication rates were observed in vicryl only ligated AGV, then nylon in situ stented AGV and lastly in standard AGV controls.Keywords: AGV, hypotony, ligation, stent, ligature

LMB-100 is a novel immune-conjugate (immunotoxin) that targets mesothelin. A phase 1/2 clinical trial was conducted (NCT02810418) with primary objectives assessing the safety and efficacy of LMB-100 ± nab-paclitaxel. Participant blood samples were analyzed for changes in serum cytokines and circulating immune cell subsets associated with response or toxicity. On Arm A, participants (n = 20) received standard 30-minute LMB-100 infusion with nab-paclitaxel. Although clinical efficacy was observed, the combination caused intolerable capillary leak syndrome (CLS), a major toxicity of unclear etiology that affects many immunotoxin drugs. Participants developing CLS experienced rapid elevations in IFNγ and IL-8 compared to those without significant CLS, along with midcycle increases in Ki-67- CD4 T cells that were CD38, HLA-DR, or TIM3 positive. Additionally, a strong increase in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and a concurrent decrease in Tregs were seen in the single Arm A patient achieving a partial response. In Arm B, administration of single agent LMB-100 to participants (n = 20) as a long infusion given over 24-48 h was investigated based on pre-clinical data that this format could reduce CLS. An optimal dose and schedule of long infusion LMB-100 were identified, but no clinical efficacy was observed even in patients receiving LMB-100 in combination with nab-paclitaxel. Despite this, both Arm A and B participants experienced increases in specific subsets of proliferating CD4 and CD8 T cells following Cycle 1 treatment. In summary, LMB-100 treatment causes systemic immune activation. Inflammatory and immune changes that accompany drug associated CLS were characterized for the first time.