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Introduction Data regarding coping strategies used by bipolar patients to deal with psychosocial stress and their consequences in adaptational outcomes are scant. Moreover, family studies have reported the presence of several similarities between bipolar patients and their relatives regarding genetics, biology, personality traits, temperaments and stressful lived life experiences. Bipolar patients and their siblings had significantly higher global score of life events and more events in the field of work, socio-family events and health than control subjects. This might suggest that patients with bipolar disorder would be distinguished from their family members by the coping strategies they use to deal with stress. Objectives In this study, we aimed to compare perceived stress and coping strategies of remitted bipolar I patients with those of their siblings and controls. Methods A descriptive and comparative study of case-control type was conducted. Were included 46 bipolar I patients, 46 siblings and 50 controls. The three groups were matched for age and sex. Assessments of perceived stress and coping strategies were performed using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the 28-item Brief COPE respectively. Results Mean age of bipolar I patients was 39 ± 13 years. Thirty-one patients (67%) reported family history of one or more psychiatric disorders.Mean duration of bipolar disorder was 11.83 ± 9.92 years. There was no significant difference between the three groups on PSS scores. Bipolar patients and siblings were more likely to use emotion-focused coping strategies than controls (p=0.001). Controls used problem-focused coping strategies more than bipolar patients (p = 0.02). Compared to controls, bipolar patients were less likely to use active coping and planning, but they showed higher scores in the dimensions of humor, religion and behavioral disengagement with intergroup p value: 0.02; 0.019; 0.002 respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bipolar I patients were more likely to use maladaptive coping strategies to deal with stress than their siblings. Based on this observation, it seems advisable to study coping strategies used by bipolar patients, in order to reinforce adaptive strategies and to reduce maladaptive ones. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

While many cases of cheating, corruption and doping taint the sports movement, virtual communities interact about the lack of reference to Olympism in the communication of the sporting sphere. In France, the institutions of the sports movement seem to refuse to display any reference to the Olympic values and virtual communities debate about this absence. The adopted research device calls for an analysis of the institutional sites of sport and reinforced by a series of semi-structured interviews conducted online. The origin of this lack of reference to Olympism seems to come from a controversy: Institutions no longer display these values that have become ambiguous in the current context of deviance, whereas virtual communities largely subscribe to a virtuous representation of Olympic sport and valuing these values appears to them as a protective measure of the sports movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated whether and how self-determined motivation predicts perceived susceptibility to injury during competition (marathon). Two correlational studies including 378 (Study 1) and 339 (Study 2) marathon runners were conducted. Participants filled out a questionnaire the day before the race measuring self-determined motivation, perceived susceptibilities to marathon-related injury and to keep running through pain, and control variables. Study 1 showed that self-determined motivation was negatively related to perceived susceptibility to marathon-related injury. Study 2 replicated this finding and showed that this relationship was partially mediated by perceived susceptibility to keep running through pain during the race. Moreover, results indicated that the predictive role of self-determination was mostly driven by controlled forms of motivation, and more particularly external regulation. These results suggest that self-determined motivation for sport is a protective factor of injury., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Medication non-adherence is a major problem in patients with bipolar disorder as it is associated to poor clinical outcomes with frequent relapses and consequently poor quality of life. The reasons that patients are non adherent with medication are not well understood by clinicians who often consider it as related to the illness itself.   , Aims: To assess sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic factors related to medication compliance in bipolar disorder., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of psychiatry of FarhatHached Hospital of Sousse. We included 50 outpatients with bipolar disorder type I or II according to the criteria of the DSM-IV TR. The sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected and adherence was evaluated with the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) of Thompson., Results: The mean age of our patients was of 31.9 years. The most frequent diagnosis was the bipolar disorder type I (60 %). Most of the participants were single (n=30; 60%), unemployed and living with their families. Factors associated to medication non-adherence were: young age, addiction, complexity and adverse effects of medications, lack of information about the disease and utility of treatments, low income and type I of bipolar disorder., Conclusion: Improving medication compliance strategies in bipolar patients must take into account psycho education of patients about their disease and simplification of prescriptions that must be also well tolerated mainly in young subjects, having addictive behaviors and low income.

In Mediterranean areas, olive mill wastes pose a major environmental problem owing to their important production and their high polyphenolic compounds and organic acids concentrations. In this work, the evolution of polyphenolic compounds was studied during co-composting of olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure, based on qualitative (G-50 sephadex) and quantitative (Folin-Ciocalteu), as well as high pressure liquid chromatography analyses. Results showed a significant polyphenolic content decrease of 99% and a noticeable transformation of low to high molecular weight fraction during the compost maturation period. During this step, polyphenols disappearance suggested their assimilation by thermophilic bacteria as a carbon and energy source, and contributed to humic substances synthesis. Polyphenolic compounds, identified initially by high pressure liquid chromatography, disappeared by composting and only traces of caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids were detected in the compost. In the soil, the produced compost application improved the chemical and physico-chemical soil properties, mainly fertilising elements such as calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Consequently, a higher potato production was harvested in comparison with manure amendment., (© The Author(s) 2014.)