Author: "I. PEPE" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"I. PEPE"' showing total 75 results

Start Over Author "I. PEPE"

75 results on '"I. PEPE"'

1. Spectroscopy studies of 4H-SiC

Author: A.C. de Oliveira, J.A. Freitas Jr., W.J. Moore, A. Ferreira da Silva, I. Pepe, J. Souza de Almeida, J.M. Osório-Guillén, R. Ahuja, C. Persson, K. Järrendahl, O.P.A. Lindquist, N.V. Edwards, and Q. Wahab
Subjects: optical bandgap energy, wide-bandgap material, SiC polytypes, computer simulation, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Calculations of the total dielectric functions and the optical bandgap energy (OBGE) of 4HSiC were performed by the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital method. The results are compared to spectroscopic ellipsometry dielectric measurements agreeing closely over in a wide range of energies. The obtained theoretical value of the (OBGE) agrees very closely with the measured ones obtained by transmission and photoacoustic spectroscopies at room temperature performed on 470 µm thick wafer and a 25 µm thick homoepitaxial layer of 4H-SiC samples grown (n-type, Siface) by hot wall CVD.
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Photoacoustic and transmission studies of SiC polytypes

Author: A.C. de Oliveira, J.A. Freitas Jr., W.J. Moore, A. Ferreira da Silva, I. Pepe, J. Souza de Almeida, G.C.B. Braga, J.M. Osório-Guillen, C. Persson, and R. Ahuja
Subjects: SiC Polytypes, optical bandgap energies, plane wave method, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: The optical bandgap energies (OBGE) of 3C, 15R, 6H and 4H-SiC have been investigate experimentally by transmission and photoacoustic spectroscopies. The measurements were performed on 470 mum thick wafers. The OBGE obtained from both spectroscopies for different polytypes show very good agreement. In order to have a better understanding of these materials calculations of eletronic band structure were performed by the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method. For the OBGE the results are compared to the measurements agreeing closely over the energies of those polytypes.
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Modeling and gradient pattern analysis of irregular SFM structures of porous silicon.

Author: Mariana Pelissari Monteiro Aguiar Baroni, Reinaldo R. Rosa, A. Ferreira da Silva, I. Pepe, Lucimara S. Roman, F. M. Ramos, Rajeev Ahuja, C. Persson, and E. Veje
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Optical and electronic characterization of the band structure of blue methylene and rhodamine 6G-doped TiO2 sol-gel nanofilms.

Author: Sergio A. Tomás, Rodolfo Palomino, R. Lozada, E. F. da Silva Jr, Elder A. de Vasconcelos, W. M. de Azevedo, C. Persson, I. Pepe, Dennis G. F. David, and Antônio Ferreira da Silva
Published: 2005
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Club cells form lung adenocarcinomas and maintain the alveoli of adult mice

Author: Spella, M. Lilis, I. Pepe, M.A.A. Chen, Y. Armaka, M. Lamort, A.-S. Zazara, D.E. Roumelioti, F. Vreka, M. Kanellakis, N.I. Wagner, D.E. Giannou, A.D. Armenis, V. Arendt, K.A.M. Klotz, L.V. Toumpanakis, D. Karavana, V. Zakynthinos, S.G. Giopanou, I. Marazioti, A. Aidinis, V. Sotillo, R. Stathopoulos, G.T.
Subjects: respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract: Lung cancer and chronic lung diseases impose major disease burdens worldwide and are caused by inhaled noxious agents including tobacco smoke. The cellular origins of environmental-induced lung tumors and of the dysfunctional airway and alveolar epithelial turnover observed with chronic lung diseases are unknown. To address this, we combined mouse models of genetic labeling and ablation of airway (club) and alveolar cells with exposure to environmental noxious and carcinogenic agents. Club cells are shown to survive KRAS mutations and to form lung tumors after tobacco carcinogen exposure. Increasing numbers of club cells are found in the alveoli with aging and after lung injury, but go undetected since they express alveolar proteins. Ablation of club cells prevents chemical lung tumors and causes alveolar destruction in adult mice. Hence club cells are important in alveolar maintenance and carcinogenesis and may be a therapeutic target against premalignancy and chronic lung disease. © eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019

6. Beam-based commissioning of a novel X-band transverse deflection structure with variable polarization

Author: P. González Caminal, F. Christie, R. D’Arcy, S. M. Jaster-Merz, R. Assmann, F. Burkart, B. Conrad, H. Dinter, M. Foese, J. Herrmann, M. Hoffmann, M. Hüning, R. Jonas, O. Krebs, S. Lederer, B. Marchetti, D. Marx, J. Mueller, J. Osterhoff, I. Peperkorn, M. Reukauff, H. Schlarb, S. Schreiber, G. Tews, T. Vinatier, M. Vogt, A. de Z. Wagner, S. Wesch, P. Craievich, M. Bopp, H.-H. Braun, A. Citterio, R. Fortunati, R. Ganter, T. Kleeb, F. Marcellini, M. Pedrozzi, E. Prat, S. Reiche, K. Rolli, R. Sieber, A. Grudiev, W. L. Millar, N. Catalan-Lasheras, G. McMonagle, S. Pitman, V. del Pozo Romano, K. T. Szypula, and W. Wuensch
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Longitudinal electron-beam diagnostics play a critical role in the operation and control of x-ray free-electron lasers, which rely on parameters such as the current profile, the longitudinal phase space, or the slice emittance of the particle distribution. On the one hand, the femtosecond-scale electron bunches produced at these facilities impose stringent requirements on the resolution achievable with the diagnostics. On the other, research and development of novel accelerator technologies such as beam-driven plasma-wakefield accelerators (PWFA) demand unprecedented capabilities to resolve the centroid offsets in the full transverse plane along the longitudinal bunch coordinate. We present the beam-based commissioning of an advanced X-band transverse-deflection rf structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force: the PolariX-TDS. By means of a comprehensive campaign of measurements conducted with the prototype, key parameters of the rf performance of the system are validated and a phase-space characterization of an electron bunch is accomplished with a time resolution of 3.3 fs. Furthermore, an analysis of second-order effects induced on the bunch from its passage through the PolariX-TDS is presented.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Reactions Responsible for the Pathogenesis ofCeliac Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Basic Biochemistry to Clinic

Author: Vittorio Gentile, G. Romito, I. Pepe, G. De Vivo, Antonio Martin, M. R. Merola, and A. Limatola
Subjects: Tissue transglutaminase, Cell, Disease, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Coeliac disease, Pathogenesis, Degenerative disease, Drug Discovery, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Transglutaminases, integumentary system, biology, Organic Chemistry, Brain, Neurodegenerative Diseases, medicine.disease, Celiac Disease, Enzyme, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Enzyme inhibitor, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Peptides, Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Abstract: Transglutaminases (TGases) are enzymes which catalyze the cross linking of a glutaminyl residue of a protein/peptide substrate to a lysyl residue of a protein/peptide co-substrate with the formation of an N-gamma-(epsilon-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine [GGEL] cross link (isopeptidic bond) and the concomitant release of ammonia. Such cross-linked proteins are often highly insoluble. The TGases are closely related enzymes and can also catalyze other important reactions for cell life. Recently, several findings concerning the relationships between the biochemical activities of the TGases and the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for some human diseases, have been reported. For example, some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), supranuclear palsy, etc., are characterized in part by aberrant cerebral TGase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected brains. Our article describes the biochemistry and the physio-pathological roles of the TGase enzymes, with particular reference to human pathologies in which the molecular mechanism of disease can be due to biochemical activities of the tissue TGase enzyme (tTGase, type 2), such as in a very common human disease, Celiac Disease (CD), and also in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. ABRAHAM, P. ABREU, M. AGLIETTA, E. J. AHN, D. ALLARD, I. ALLEKOTTE, J. ALLEN, J. ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M. AMBROSIO, L. ANCHORDOQUI, S. ANDRINGA, T. ANTICIC, A. ANZALONE, C. ARAMO, E. ARGANDA, K. ARISAKA, F. ARQUEROS, H. ASOREY, P. ASSIS, J. AUBLIN, M. AVE, G. AVILA, T. BACKER, D. BADAGNANI, M. BALZER, K. B. BARBER, A. F. BARBOSA, S. L. C. BARROSO, B. BAUGHMAN, P. BAULEO, J. BEATTY, B. R. BECKER, K. H. BECKER, A. BELLETOILE, J. A. BELLIDO, S. BENZVI, C. BERAT, T. BERGMANN, X. BERTOU, P. L. BIERMANN, P. BILLOIR, O. BLANCH BIGAS, F. BLANCO, M. BLANCO, H. BLUMER, M. BOHACOVA, D. BONCIOLI, C. BONIFAZI, R. BONINO, N. BORODAI, J. BRACK, P. BROGUEIRA, W. C. BROWN, R. BRUIJN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A. BUENO, R. E. BURTON, N. BUSCA, K. S. CABALLERO MORA, L. CARAMETE, R. CARUSO, A. CASTELLINA, O. CATALANO, G. CATALDI, L. CAZON, R. CESTER, J. CHAUVIN, A. CHIAVASSA, J. A. CHINELLATO, A. CHOU, J. CHUDOBA, R. W. CLAY, E. COLOMBO, R. CONCEICAO, F. CONTRERAS, H. COOK, M. COOPER, J. COPPENS, A. CORDIER, U. COTTI, S. COUTU, C. E. COVAULT, A. CREUSOT, A. CRISS, J. CRONIN, A. CURUTIU, S. DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R. DALLIER, K. DAUMILLER, B. R. DAWSON, R. M. DE, ALMEIDA, M. DEDOMENICO, C. DEDONATO, S. J. DEJONG, G. DELAVEGA, W. J. M. DEMELLOJUNIOR, J. DEMELLONETO, V. DESOUZAM, K. D. DEVRIES, G. DECERPRIT, L. DELPERAL, O. DELIGNY, A. DELLASELVA, C. DELLEFRATTE, H. DEMBINSKI, C. DIGIULIO, J. C. DIAZ, M. CASTRO, P. N. DIEP, C. DOBRIGKEIT, J. C. DOLIVO, P. N. DONG, A. DOROFEEV, J. C. DOSANJOS, M. DOVA, D. DURSO, I. DUTAN, M. A. DUVERNOIS, J. EBR, R. ENGEL, M. ERDMANN, C. O, A. ETCHEGOYEN, P. FACALSANLUIS, H. FALCKE, G. FARRAR, A. C. FAUTH, N. FAZZINI, A. FERRERO, B. FICK, A. FILEVICH, A. FILIPCIC, I. FLECK, S. FLIESCHER, C. E. FRACCHIOLLA, E. D. FRAENKEL, U. FROHLICH, W. FULGIONE, R. F. GAMARRA, S. GAMBETTA, B. GARCIA, D. GAMEZ, D. GARCIA PINTO, X. GARRIDO, G. GELMINI, H. GEMMEKEAG, P. L. GHIA, U. GIACCARI, M. GILLER, H. GLASS, L. GOGGIN, M. S. GOLD, G. GOLUP, F. GOMEZALBARRACIN, M. BERISSO, P. GONC ALVES, D. GONZALEZ, J. G. GONZALEZ, D. GORA, A. GORGI, P. GOUFFON, S. R. GOZZINI, E. GRASHORN, S. GREBE, M. GRIGAT, A. F. GRILLO, Y. GUARDINCERRI, F. GUARINO, G. P. GUEDES, J. D. HAGUE, V. HALENKA, P. HANSEN, D. HARARI, S. HARMSMA, J. L. HARTON, A. HAUNGS, T. HEBBEKER, D. HECK, A. E. HERVE, C. HOJVAT, V. C. HOLMES, P. HOMOLA, J. R. HORANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, M. HRABOVSKY, T. HUEGE, M. HUSSAIN, M. IARLORI, A. INSOLIA, F. IONITA, A. ITALIANO, S. JIRASKOVA, K. KADIJA, M. KADUCAK, K. H. KAMPERT, T. KAROVA, P. KASPER, B. KEGL, B. KEILHAUER, A. KEIVANI, J. KELLEY, E. KEMPO, R. M. KIECKHAFER, H. O. KLAGES, M. KLEIFGES, J. KLEINFELLER, R. KNAPIK, J. KNAPP, D. H. KOANG, A. KRIEGER, O. KROMER, D. KRUPPKE HANSEN, F. KUEHN, D. KUEMPEL, K. KULBARTZ, N. KUNKA, A. KUSENKO, G. LAROSA, C. LACHAUD, B. LAGO, P. LAUTRIDOU, M. S. A. B. LEAO, D. LEBRUN, P. LEBRUN, J. LEE, M. A. LEIGUIDEOLIVEIRA, A. LEMIERE, A. LETESSIER SELVON, I. LHENRY YVON, R. LOPEZ, A. LOPEZAGUERA, K. LOUEDEC, J. LOZANOBAHILO, A. LUCERO, M. LUDWIG, H. LYBERIS, M. C. MACCARONE, C. MACOLINO, S. MALDERA, D. MANDAT, P. MANTSCH, A. G. MARIAZZI, V. MARIN, I. C. MARIS, H. FALCON, O. BRAVO, H. J. MATHES, J. MATTHEWS, G. MATTHIAE, D. MAURIZIO, P. O. MAZUR, M. MCEWENBP, G. MEDINA TANCO, M. MELISSAS, D. MELO, E. MENICHETTI, A. MENSHIKOV, C. MEURER, S. MICANOVIC, M. I. MICHELETTI, W. MILLER, L. MIRAMONTI, S. MOLLERACH, M. MONASOR, D. MONNIERRAGAIGNE, F. MONTANET, B. MORALES, C. MORELLO, E. BA, J. C. MORENO, C. MORRIS, M. MOSTAFA, S. MUELLER, M. MULLER, R. MUSSA, G. NAVARRA, J. L. NAVARRO, S. NAVAS, P. NECESAL, L. NELLEN, P. NHUNG, N. NIERSTENHOEFER, D. NITZ, D. NOSEK, L. NOZKA, M. NYKLICEK, J. OEHLSCHLAGER, A. OLINTO, P. OLIVA, V. BR, M. ORTIZ, N. PACHECO, D. PAKKSELMI DEI, M. PALATKA, J. PALLOTTA, N. PALMIERI, G. PARENTE, E. PARIZOT, S. PARLATI, A. PARRA, J. PARRISIUS, R. PARSONS, S. PASTOR, T. PAUL, V. PAVLIDOU, K. PAYET, M. PECH, J. PEKALA, R. PELAYO, I. PEPE, R. PESCE, E. PETERMANN, S. PETRERA, P. PETRINCA, A. PETROLINI, Y. PETROV, J. PETROVIC, C. PFENDNER, R. PIEGAIA, T. PIEROG, M. PIMENTA, V. PIRRONELLO, M. PLATINO, V. H. PONCE, M. PONTZ, P. PRIVITERA, M. PROUZA, E. J. QUEL, J. RAUTENBERG, O. RAVEL, D. RAVIGNANI, A. REDONDO, B. REVENU, F. A. S. REZENDE, J. RIDKY, S. RIGGI, M. RISSE, P. RISTORI, C. RIVIERE, V. RIZI, C. ROBLEDO, G. RODRIGUEZ, J. RODRIGUEZMARTINO, J. RODRIGUEZROJO, I. RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D. RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G. ROS, J. ROSADO, T. ROSSLER, M. ROTH, B. ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E. ROULET, A. C. ROVERO, F. SALAMIDA, H. SALAZAR, G. SALINA, F. SANCHEZ, M. SANTANDER, C. E. SANTO, E. SANTO, E. M. SANTOS, F. SARAZIN, S. SARKAR, R. SATO, N. SCHARF, V. SCHERINI, H. SCHIELER, P. SCHIFFER, A. SCHMIDT, F. SCHMIDT, T. SCHMIDT, O. SCHOLTEN, H. SCHOORLEMMER, J. SCHOVANCOVA, P. SCHOVANEK, F. SCHROEDER, S. SCHULTE, F. SCHUSSLER, D. SCHUSTER, S. J. SCIUTTO, M. SCUDERI, A. SEGRETO, D. SEMIKOZ, R. SHELLARD, I. SIDELNIK, B. B. SIFFERT, G. SIGL, A. SMIAKOWSKI, R. SMIDA, G. R. SNOW, P. SOMMERS, J. SOROKIN, H. SPINKA, R. SQUARTINI, J. STASIELAK, M. STEPHAN, E. STRAZZERI, A. STUTZ, F. SUAREZ, T. SUOMIJARVI, A. D. SUPANITSKY, T. SUSA, M. S. SUTHERLAND, J. SWAIN, Z. SZADKOWSKI, A. TAMASHIRO, A. TAMBURRO, A. TAPIA, T. TARUTINA, O. TAS CAU, R. TCACIUC, D. TCHERNIAKHOVSKI, D. TEGOLO, N. T. THAO, D. THOMAS, J. TIFFENBERG, C. TIMMERMANS, W. TKACZYK, C. J. TODEROPEIXOTO, B. TOME, A. TONACHINI, P. TRAVNICEK, D. B. TRIDAPALLI, G. TRISTRAM, E. TROVATO, M. TUEROS, R. ULRICH, M. UNGER, M. URBAN, J. GALICIA, I. VALINO, L. VALORE, A. M. VANDENBERG, J. R. VAZQUEZ, R. A. VAZQUEZ, D. VEBERIC, T. VENTERS, V. VERZI, M. VIDELA, L. VILLASENOR, S. VOROBIOV, L. VOYVODIC, H. WAHLBERG, P. WAHRLICH, O. WAINBERG, D. WARNER, A. A. WATSON, S. WESTERHOFF, B. J. WHELAN, G. WIECZOREK, L. WIENCKE, B. WILCZYNSKA, H. WILCZYNSKI, C. WILLIAMS, T. WINCHEN, M. G. WINNICK, B. WUNDHEILER, T. YAMAMOTO, P. YOUNK, G. YUAN, A. YUSHKOV, E. ZAS, D. ZAVRTANIK, M. ZAVRTANIK, I. ZAW, A. ZEPEDA, M. ZIOLKOWSKI, BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, SETTIMO, MARIANGELA, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, C., Moura, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Healy, M., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Mcneil, R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Angstrom exponent, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, CROSS-SECTIONS, COSMIC-RAY SHOWERS, Observatory, DEPENDENCE, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Lidar, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], ANGSTROM EXPONENT, Pierre Auger Observatory, Bi-static lidar, ELECTRONS, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, MULTIPLE-SCATTERING, Light emission, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, LIGHT-EMISSION, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, Air fluorescence method, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, RECONSTRUCTION, Aerosol, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Aerosols, Calorimeter (particle physics), Atmospheric effect, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atmosphere, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, NITROGEN, Air shower, Fluorescence Telescopes, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, AEROSSOL
Abstract: The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-W¨urttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. The Northen Site of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. ABRAHAM, P. ABREU, M. AGLIETTA, E. J. AHN, D. ALLARD, I. ALLEKOTTE, J. ALLEN, J. ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M. AMBROSIO, L. ANCHORDOQUI, S. ANDRINGA, T. ANTICIC, A. ANZALONE, C. ARAMO, E. ARGANDA, K. ARISAKA, F. ARQUEROS, H. ASOREY, P. ASSIS, J. AUBLIN, M. AVE, G. AVILA, T. BACKER, D. BADAGNANI, M. BALZER, K. B. BARBER, A. F. BARBOSA, S. L. C. BARROSO, B. BAUGHMAN, P. BAULEO, J. BEATTY, B. R. BECKER, K. H. BECKER, A. BELLETOILE, J. A. BELLIDO, S. BENZVI, C. BERAT, T. BERGMANN, X. BERTOU, P. L. BIERMANN, P. BILLOIR, O. BLANCH BIGAS, F. BLANCO, M. BLANCO, H. BLUMER, M. BOHACOVA, D. BONCIOLI, C. BONIFAZI, R. BONINO, N. BORODAI, J. BRACK, P. BROGUEIRA, W. C. BROWN, R. BRUIJN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A. BUENO, R. E. BURTON, N. BUSCA, K. S. CABALLERO MORA, L. CARAMETE, R. CARUSO, A. CASTELLINA, O. CATALANO, G. CATALDI, L. CAZON, R. CESTER, J. CHAUVIN, A. CHIAVASSA, J. A. CHINELLATO, A. CHOU, J. CHUDOBA, R. W. CLAY, E. COLOMBO, R. CONCEICAO, F. CONTRERAS, H. COOK, M. COOPER, J. COPPENS, A. CORDIER, U. COTTI, S. COUTU, C. E. COVAULT, A. CREUSOT, A. CRISS, J. CRONIN, A. CURUTIU, S. DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R. DALLIER, K. DAUMILLER, B. R. DAWSON, R. M. DE, ALMEIDA, M. DEDOMENICO, C. DEDONATO, S. J. DEJONG, G. DELAVEGA, W. J. M. DEMELLOJUNIOR, J. DEMELLONETO, V. DESOUZAM, K. D. DEVRIES, G. DECERPRIT, L. DELPERAL, O. DELIGNY, A. DELLASELVA, C. DELLEFRATTE, H. DEMBINSKI, C. DIGIULIO, J. C. DIAZ, M. CASTRO, P. N. DIEP, C. DOBRIGKEIT, J. C. DOLIVO, P. N. DONG, A. DOROFEEV, J. C. DOSANJOS, M. DOVA, D. DURSO, I. DUTAN, M. A. DUVERNOIS, J. EBR, R. ENGEL, M. ERDMANN, C. O, A. ETCHEGOYEN, P. FACALSANLUIS, H. FALCKE, G. FARRAR, A. C. FAUTH, N. FAZZINI, A. FERRERO, B. FICK, A. FILEVICH, A. FILIPCIC, I. FLECK, S. FLIESCHER, C. E. FRACCHIOLLA, E. D. FRAENKEL, U. FROHLICH, W. FULGIONE, R. F. GAMARRA, S. GAMBETTA, B. GARCIA, D. GAMEZ, D. GARCIA PINTO, X. GARRIDO, G. GELMINI, H. GEMMEKEAG, P. L. GHIA, U. GIACCARI, M. GILLER, H. GLASS, L. GOGGIN, M. S. GOLD, G. GOLUP, F. GOMEZALBARRACIN, M. BERISSO, P. GONC ALVES, D. GONZALEZ, J. G. GONZALEZ, D. GORA, A. GORGI, P. GOUFFON, S. R. GOZZINI, E. GRASHORN, S. GREBE, M. GRIGAT, A. F. GRILLO, Y. GUARDINCERRI, F. GUARINO, G. P. GUEDES, J. D. HAGUE, V. HALENKA, P. HANSEN, D. HARARI, S. HARMSMA, J. L. HARTON, A. HAUNGS, T. HEBBEKER, D. HECK, A. E. HERVE, C. HOJVAT, V. C. HOLMES, P. HOMOLA, J. R. HORANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, M. HRABOVSKY, T. HUEGE, M. HUSSAIN, M. IARLORI, A. INSOLIA, F. IONITA, A. ITALIANO, S. JIRASKOVA, K. KADIJA, M. KADUCAK, K. H. KAMPERT, T. KAROVA, P. KASPER, B. KEGL, B. KEILHAUER, A. KEIVANI, J. KELLEY, E. KEMPO, R. M. KIECKHAFER, H. O. KLAGES, M. KLEIFGES, J. KLEINFELLER, R. KNAPIK, J. KNAPP, D. H. KOANG, A. KRIEGER, O. KROMER, D. KRUPPKE HANSEN, F. KUEHN, D. KUEMPEL, K. KULBARTZ, N. KUNKA, A. KUSENKO, G. LAROSA, C. LACHAUD, B. LAGO, P. LAUTRIDOU, M. S. A. B. LEAO, D. LEBRUN, P. LEBRUN, J. LEE, M. A. LEIGUIDEOLIVEIRA, A. LEMIERE, A. LETESSIER SELVON, I. LHENRY YVON, R. LOPEZ, A. LOPEZAGUERA, K. LOUEDEC, J. LOZANOBAHILO, A. LUCERO, M. LUDWIG, H. LYBERIS, M. C. MACCARONE, C. MACOLINO, S. MALDERA, D. MANDAT, P. MANTSCH, A. G. MARIAZZI, V. MARIN, I. C. MARIS, H. FALCON, O. BRAVO, H. J. MATHES, J. MATTHEWS, G. MATTHIAE, D. MAURIZIO, P. O. MAZUR, M. MCEWENBP, G. MEDINA TANCO, M. MELISSAS, D. MELO, E. MENICHETTI, A. MENSHIKOV, C. MEURER, S. MICANOVIC, M. I. MICHELETTI, W. MILLER, L. MIRAMONTI, S. MOLLERACH, M. MONASOR, D. MONNIERRAGAIGNE, F. MONTANET, B. MORALES, C. MORELLO, E. BA, J. C. MORENO, C. MORRIS, M. MOSTAFA, S. MUELLER, M. MULLER, R. MUSSA, G. NAVARRA, J. L. NAVARRO, S. NAVAS, P. NECESAL, L. NELLEN, P. NHUNG, N. NIERSTENHOEFER, D. NITZ, D. NOSEK, L. NOZKA, M. NYKLICEK, J. OEHLSCHLAGER, A. OLINTO, P. OLIVA, V. BR, M. ORTIZ, N. PACHECO, D. PAKKSELMI DEI, M. PALATKA, J. PALLOTTA, N. PALMIERI, G. PARENTE, E. PARIZOT, S. PARLATI, A. PARRA, J. PARRISIUS, R. PARSONS, S. PASTOR, T. PAUL, V. PAVLIDOU, K. PAYET, M. PECH, J. PEKALA, R. PELAYO, I. PEPE, R. PESCE, E. PETERMANN, S. PETRERA, P. PETRINCA, A. PETROLINI, Y. PETROV, J. PETROVIC, C. PFENDNER, R. PIEGAIA, T. PIEROG, M. PIMENTA, V. PIRRONELLO, M. PLATINO, V. H. PONCE, M. PONTZ, P. PRIVITERA, M. PROUZA, E. J. QUEL, J. RAUTENBERG, O. RAVEL, D. RAVIGNANI, A. REDONDO, B. REVENU, F. A. S. REZENDE, J. RIDKY, S. RIGGI, M. RISSE, P. RISTORI, C. RIVIERE, V. RIZI, C. ROBLEDO, G. RODRIGUEZ, J. RODRIGUEZMARTINO, J. RODRIGUEZROJO, I. RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D. RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G. ROS, J. ROSADO, T. ROSSLER, M. ROTH, B. ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E. ROULET, A. C. ROVERO, F. SALAMIDA, H. SALAZAR, G. SALINA, F. SANCHEZ, M. SANTANDER, C. E. SANTO, E. SANTO, E. M. SANTOS, F. SARAZIN, S. SARKAR, R. SATO, N. SCHARF, V. SCHERINI, H. SCHIELER, P. SCHIFFER, A. SCHMIDT, F. SCHMIDT, T. SCHMIDT, O. SCHOLTEN, H. SCHOORLEMMER, J. SCHOVANCOVA, P. SCHOVANEK, F. SCHROEDER, S. SCHULTE, F. SCHUSSLER, D. SCHUSTER, S. J. SCIUTTO, M. SCUDERI, A. SEGRETO, D. SEMIKOZ, R. SHELLARD, I. SIDELNIK, B. B. SIFFERT, G. SIGL, A. SMIAKOWSKI, R. SMIDA, G. R. SNOW, P. SOMMERS, J. SOROKIN, H. SPINKA, R. SQUARTINI, J. STASIELAK, M. STEPHAN, E. STRAZZERI, A. STUTZ, F. SUAREZ, T. SUOMIJARVI, A. D. SUPANITSKY, T. SUSA, M. S. SUTHERLAND, J. SWAIN, Z. SZADKOWSKI, A. TAMASHIRO, A. TAMBURRO, A. TAPIA, T. TARUTINA, O. TAS CAU, R. TCACIUC, D. TCHERNIAKHOVSKI, D. TEGOLO, N. T. THAO, D. THOMAS, J. TIFFENBERG, C. TIMMERMANS, W. TKACZYK, C. J. TODEROPEIXOTO, B. TOME, A. TONACHINI, P. TRAVNICEK, D. B. TRIDAPALLI, G. TRISTRAM, E. TROVATO, M. TUEROS, R. ULRICH, M. UNGER, M. URBAN, J. GALICIA, I. VALINO, L. VALORE, A. M. VANDENBERG, J. R. VAZQUEZ, R. A. VAZQUEZ, D. VEBERIC, T. VENTERS, V. VERZI, M. VIDELA, L. VILLASENOR, S. VOROBIOV, L. VOYVODIC, H. WAHLBERG, P. WAHRLICH, O. WAINBERG, D. WARNER, A. A. WATSON, S. WESTERHOFF, B. J. WHELAN, G. WIECZOREK, L. WIENCKE, B. WILCZYNSKA, H. WILCZYNSKI, C. WILLIAMS, T. WINCHEN, M. G. WINNICK, B. WUNDHEILER, T. YAMAMOTO, P. YOUNK, G. YUAN, A. YUSHKOV, E. ZAS, D. ZAVRTANIK, M. ZAVRTANIK, I. ZAW, A. ZEPEDA, M. ZIOLKOWSKI, BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, SETTIMO, MARIANGELA, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Yushkov, Alexey, and The Pierre Auger, Collaboration
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, high energy, Particle composition, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, North-Site of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Auger Observatory, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Neutrino, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Part of Focus on High Energy Cosmic Rays - see paper for full liste of authors; The Pierre Auger Observatory is an international facility dedicated to the full-sky study of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The southern site of the Auger Observatory was completed in June 2008. Data collected since January 2004 have yielded important information on the energy spectrum, the primary particle composition, the fluxes of photons and neutrinos and on the anisotropic distribution of the arrival directions of the most energetic particles. On this basis, the scientific motivation for the northern Auger Observatory site in Colorado, USA, is discussed. The overall layout, the key components and the expected performance of this 20 000 km2 hybrid observatory comprised of an array of 4400 surface detectors and 39 fluorescence telescopes are described.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Positron polarization in the decay of polarized 12N: a precision test of the Standard Model

Author: Jan Govaerts, Jules Deutsch, J. Lang, Nathal Severijns, M. Allet, P.A. Quin, I. Pepe, E. Thomas, J. Camps, René Prieels, F. Gimeno-Nogues, J. Sromicki, Kazimierz Bodek, and Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Gauge boson, Antiparticle, Antimatter, Electroweak interaction, Elementary particle, Radioactive decay, Lepton, Boson
Abstract: The longitudinal polarization of positrons emitted along and opposite to the nuclear spin direction has been measured in the decay of polarized N-12. The results are consistent with the Standard Model prediction. In manifest left-right symmetric models this measurement provides a lower bound of 310 GeV/c(2) at 90% CL on the mass of a possible right-handed gauge boson contributing to the electroweak interaction. In generalized versions of this model our measurement provides constraints complementary to those set by high-energy experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Helicity structure in low- and intermediate-energy weak interaction

Author: F. Gimeno-Nogues, Bart Vereecke, M. Allet, Kazimierz Bodek, B. A. Brown, S. Navert, M. Ferro-Luzzi, Jules Deutsch, T. Otto, Ludo Vanneste, Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic, Barry R. Holstein, I. Pepe, René Prieels, J. Sromicki, R. Kirchner, Nathal Severijns, Jan Govaerts, P.A. Quin, A. Van Geert, J. Camps, Paul Schuurmans, Jacek Zejma, J. Lang, E. Stephan, P. De Moor, E. Thomas, and R. Müller
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gauge boson, Particle physics, Positron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Neutron, Weak interaction, Polarization (waves), Helicity, Boson
Abstract: We report on the status of the measurements of the longitudinal polarization of positrons emitted by polarized 107In and 12N nuclei. Present results yield a lower limit of 306 GeV/c2 (90 % CL) for the mass of a possible W gauge boson with predominantly right-handed couplings, if interpreted in the framework of the manifest left-right symmetric model. In addition, the helicity structure of the weak interaction is discussed on the basis of experimental results at low and intermediate energies in the leptonic, semileptonic and hadronic sectors. Whereas in the minimal manifest left-right symmetric extension of the Standard Model the results from collider experiments are superior to results from other experiments, experiments in the three sectors of the weak interaction yield complementary information on the helicity structure of the interaction if interpreted in general left-right symmetric models.
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Biochemical mechanisms for a possible involvement of the transglutaminase activity in the pathogenesis of the polyglutamine diseases

Author: I. PEPE, E. OCCHINO, G. CELLA, A. LUONGO, F. GUARDASCIONE, GENTILE, Vittorio, I., Pepe, E., Occhino, G., Cella, A., Luongo, F., Guardascione, and Gentile, Vittorio
Published: 2004

13. Search for right-handed weak currents in the β-asymmetry-polarization correlation from 12N decay

Author: M. Ferro-Luzzi, M. Allet, Kazimierz Bodek, E. Stephan, Jacek Zejma, S. Navert, J. Camps, Jan Govaerts, Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic, J. Sromicki, Nathal Severijns, R. Müller, F. Gimeno-Nogues, René Prieels, Jules Deutsch, J. Lang, I. Pepe, E. Thomas, and P.A. Quin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Gauge boson, Right handed, media_common.quotation_subject, Electroweak interaction, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Lower limit, Nuclear physics, Positron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, media_common, Boson
Abstract: The polarization of positrons emitted along and opposite to the nuclear spin direction has been measured in the decay of polarized 12 N. The results are consistent with the Standard Model prediction. In manifest left-right symmetric models this measurement provides a lower limit of 220 GeV/c 2 at 90% CL on the mass of an eventual right-handed gauge boson contributing to the electroweak interaction.
Published: 1996
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Positron annihilation in liquid helium and liquid argon under an electric field

Author: Jules Deutsch, F. Gimeno-Nogues, D. A. L. Paul, Joseph Steyaert, I. Pepe, and René Prieels
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Argon, Liquid helium, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Amagat, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Positronium, law.invention, Positron, chemistry, law, Electric field, Atomic physics
Abstract: We have made new measurements of the lifetimes at 4.29 K and 2.92 K in He I, and at 2.14 K and 1.67 K in He II, without and with an electric field. At 4.19 K we have a new value of the lifetime, 2.01 +/- 0.002 ns, leading to a Z(eff) of 3.53 at zero field. In contrast to earlier reports, Z(eff) decreases very slightly as the temperature is lowered and the density increases. The orthopositronium lifetime at 4.19 K is 98.1 +/- 0.2 ns, at zero field, independent of field up to 18 kV cm(-1). At 4.19 K the free positron decay rate falls exponentially with increasing field to a value 5% below its zero-field value, the drop-off rate being 0.36 +/- 0.04 cm amagat V-1. From 28 through 50 V cm(-1) amagat(-1) the decay rate of the free component rises slowly as expected because of the increasing positronium fraction over the same range of electric field. In liquid argon there is positronium enhancement beginning at or below 3 V cm(-1) amagat(-1), which contrasts with 160 V cm(-1) amagat(-1) for argon gas. At least two lifetimes make up the long triplet component, suggesting different degrees of thermalization, or different states of positronium within the liquid. The effect of the electric field is to enhance the longer-lived, or more thermal component, in strong contrast with the findings of Charlton et al for the gas. The argon results suggest positron behaviour similar to that of electrons in the liquid phase, namely, such particles move in a conduction band subject to small effective scattering and diffusion cross sections. An analytic model in which the scattering length is an adjustable parameter yields the onset of positronium enhancement just below 3 V cm(-1) amagat(-1) when a(s) = -0.043 a(0), corresponding to an elastic scattering and diffusion cross section of 0.034 pi a(0)(2). Consequences for positron thermalization are discussed. A model of positronium losing energy slowly in the liquid without bubble formation is suggested.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Positron annihilation in helium, argon and nitrogen liquids under an electric field

Author: F. Gimeno-Nogues, Jules Deutsch, I. Pepe, D. A. L. Paul, and René Prieels
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Field (physics), Electrical breakdown, chemistry.chemical_element, Liquid nitrogen, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Positronium, Positron, chemistry, Electric field, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract: We have made new measurements of the lifetimes at 4.19 and 2.92 K in HeI, and at 2.14 and 1.67 K in HeII, without and with electric field. The ortho-positronium lifetime is independent of field up to 20 kV/cm. At 4.19 K, there is no increase observed in the positronium fraction from zero field to 20 kV/cm, in strong disagreement with Manuzio and Rizzuto. Some additional positronium is, however, formed above 20 kV/cm, with a corresponding decrease in lifetime of the free component. At 4.19 K the free positron mean life rises sharply with increasing electric field to a constant value of about 2.14 ns above 5 kV/cm. The increase in the free positron lifetime with field is less marked at 2.92 K. In liquid argon measurements were made at the normal boiling point only, at fields up to 20 kV/cm, above which we experienced electrical breakdown. The ortho-positronium intensity is 7% at zero field and begins to increase at 2.5 kV/cm, reaching 13% at 20 kV/cm at which field value it was still increasing. The ortho-positronium lifetime displayed an 8% increase over this field range. For liquid nitrogen we repeated some of our earlier measurements at 77.3 K and made some measurements at 64.5 K so as to test models for positronium formation in the spur. A good fit to a simple exponential formula is obtained at both temperatures, yielding a single drop-off rate of 0.21 cm/kV.
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Positronium formation in liquid nitrogen as a function of electric field

Author: René Prieels, Jules Deutsch, I. Pepe, and Dal. Paul
Subjects: Physics, Field (physics), Electric field, Function (mathematics), Atomic physics, Liquid nitrogen, Condensed Matter Physics, Constant (mathematics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Intensity (heat transfer), Exponential function, Positronium
Abstract: The intensity of the orthopositronium component and its lifetime have been measured in liquid nitrogen as a function of electric field. While the lifetime remains constant at about 12.5 ns, the fraction of positronium formed is about 20% at zero field and monotonically to an asymptotic value near 6% as the field is raised to 3.2 MV m-1. The is roughly exponential with a drop off rate of 2.0 MV m-1. The results are a further indication of the importance of Mogensen's spur mechanism in the positronium formation process.
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Limits on right-handed charged weak currents from a polarization-asymmetry correlation experiment withIn107

Author: Natalis Severijns, Jules Deutsch, I. Pepe, Paul Schuurmans, O. Navilliat-Cuncic, P.A. Quin, Ludo Vanneste, M. Allet, F. Gimeno-Nogues, W Vanderpoorten, B. H. King, P. De Moor, J. Camps, Barry R. Holstein, René Prieels, and Jan Wouters
Subjects: Physics, Gauge boson, Particle physics, Antiparticle, Antimatter, General Physics and Astronomy, Grand Unified Theory, Elementary particle, Fermion, Atomic physics, Quantum field theory, Lepton
Abstract: A new technique, based on relative measurements of the longitudinal polarization (P) of positrons emitted in two opoosite directions with respect to the nuclear polarization (R=${\mathit{P}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$/${\mathit{P}}^{+}$), is used to provide constraints on extensions of the standard model (${\mathit{R}}_{0}$). The first result, i.e., R/${\mathit{R}}_{0}$=0.926\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.041, was obtained with $^{107}\mathrm{In}$. Interpreted in the framework of left-right symmetric models and assuming no mixing, it provides a 90% C.L. lower limit of 225 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$ for the mass of a possible right-handed charged W gauge boson, reducing the mass range allowed by other semileptonic experiments.
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. The polarization-asymmetry correlation of107In and parity violation

Author: F. Gimeno-Nogues, P Demoor, Natalis Severijns, Ludo Vanneste, Jules Deutsch, René Prieels, Jan Wouters, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, Paul Schuurmans, Rudolph Siebelink, M. Allet, W Vanderpoorten, I. Pepe, P.A. Quin, and J Vanhaverbeke
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Gauge boson, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Parity (physics), Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Positronium, Nuclear physics, Positron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hyperfine structure, media_common
Abstract: We report on the first measurements of the longitudinal polarization of positrons emitted by polarized nuclei, using cryogenically polarized107In. This so-called polarization-asymmetry correlation is very sensitive to the mass of a possible right-handed gauge boson, which is invoked by parity symmetric extensions of the standard V-A electroweak model to explain the experimentally observed strong violation of parity which, however, may not be complete. The positron polarization is deduced from the time-resolved decay spectrum of positronium hyperfine states. Our preliminary result points to a lower limit of about 210 GeV for the mass of an eventual right-handed charged W gauge boson. This result can still be improved.
Published: 1992
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. A New Positron Polarimeter

Author: Kazimierz Bodek, Jacek Zejma, Nathal Severijns, René Prieels, G. Spiekerman, Ralf R. Muller, Wojtek Hajdas, M. Allet, J. Lang, I. Pepe, F. Gimeno-Nogues, E. Thomas, Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic, P.A. Quin, Jules Deutsch, and J. Sromicki
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Positron, Optics, Mechanics of Materials, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, business
Published: 1992
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Transglutaminase-dependent formation of protein aggregates as possible biochemical mechanism for polyglutamine diseases

Author: V. Violante, I. Pepe, S. Annunziata, Vittorio Gentile, A. Luongo, Violante, V, Luongo, A, Pepe, I, Annunziata, S, and Gentile, Vittorio
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Cell type, Programmed cell death, Transglutaminases, biology, Tissue transglutaminase, General Neuroscience, Cell, Brain, Enzyme Commission number, Machado-Joseph Disease, Protein aggregation, medicine.disease, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, medicine, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Humans, Peptides, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
Abstract: Transglutaminases (Enzyme Commission 2.3.2.13) are a large family of enzymes that show the common capacity to catalyze cross-linking of protein substrates. Some members of this family of enzymes are also capable of catalyzing other reactions important for the cell life. The distribution and the role of these enzymes have been widely studied in numerous cell types and tissues, but only recently their expression and functions started to be investigated in the central nervous system. One of the main biochemical properties of the transglutaminase enzymes is to form large protein aggregates that are insoluble in all known protein detergents, such as urea, guanidinium, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Recently, the transglutaminase activity has been hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the formation of cellular inclusions present in Huntington disease and in all the other polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases hitherto identified, such as spinobulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedy disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA-1, SCA-2, SCA-3 or Machado-Joseph disease, SCA-6 and SCA-7) and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy. In this review we describe the biochemical properties of the transglutaminase enzymes and some recent findings about the physiopathological roles played by these enzymes in the central nervous system.
Published: 2001

21. Light-induced anchoring and memory effects in dye-doped liquid crystals

Author: Yuri Reznikov, Sergei Slussarenko, Oriano Francescangeli, Francesco Simoni, and I. Pepe
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Resolution (electron density), Holography, Anchoring, law.invention, Optics, law, Liquid crystal, Computer data storage, Optoelectronics, Development (differential geometry), business, Image resolution
Abstract: We present a new type of effective photoregulation of the LC orientation on an aligning surface through light action upon the liquid crystal bulk. The illumination of an azo- containing LC bulk with polarized light is found to induce both stable high-resolution alignment onto the rigid surface and dynamic sliding of the director over the surface. Typical times of the director sliding over the aligning surface are of the order of 1 ms. Both effects are characterized by extremely small light intensities and seem to be very promising for the development of optical devices for information processing and high density information storage. Light-induced surface memory effects are also observed in these system as a consequence of induced anchoring of the molecular director. This technique has been applied to record both stationary and dynamic holograms with a spatial resolution of 7 micrometers . The surface memory effects have been applied to record both binary and gray scale images. As compared to other methods used in these materials the highest sensitivity and spatial resolution can be achieved: energy densities as low as 10-1J/cm2 were sufficient to write gratings with a resolution better than 100 lines/mm.
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. A model of associative learning and classical conditioning in Aplysia californica: a preliminary study

Author: S. Magri, C. Nicolini, I. Pepe, and S. Traverso
Subjects: Synapse, Membrane potential, biology, Chemistry, Aplysia, Synaptic plasticity, Classical conditioning, Habituation, Neurophysiology, biology.organism_classification, Neuroscience, Associative learning
Abstract: A simple invertebrate animal like the marine mollusc Aplysia exhibits an impressive variety of learning behaviour. The underlying biophysical and biochemical cellular mechanism has been for the most part well described by the group of Kandel. The authors propose a mathematical model which applies to the simple circuit of a synapse between three neuronal cells with non-hebbian learning rules and with temporal associations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. This model mimics the synaptic plasticity of the sensorimotor synapses responsible for the habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning of gill-withdrawal reflex. The evolution of the neuronal states is described by a set of differential equations for the dynamics of membrane potential, potassium conductance, calcium conductance and calcium concentration in dendritic and assonic regions.
Published: 1993

23. New bounds of right-handed currents from a polarization asymmetry correlation measurement with 107In

Author: O. Naviliat-Cuncic, F. Gimeno-Nogues, R. Siebelink, Paul Schuurmans, M. Allet, Jules Deutsch, J Vanhaverbeke, W Vanderpoorten, Johan Wouters, I. Pepe, P. De Moor, Nathal Severijns, Ludo Vanneste, René Prieels, and P.A. Quin
Subjects: Physics, Gauge boson, media_common.quotation_subject, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Beta decay, Positronium, Nuclear physics, Positron, Double beta decay, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Hyperfine structure, media_common
Abstract: The first measurement of the longitudinal positron polarization for polarized nucleus beta decay has been made for cryogenically polarized 107In. Time‐resolved decay of positronium hyperfine states was used to measure the positron polarization. Our preliminary result is in agreement with V‐A and sets a new semi‐leptonic limit on the mass of a possible right‐handed gauge boson.
Published: 1992
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Optical Analysis of the Light Emission from Porous Silicon: A Hybrid Polyatom Surface-Coupled Fluorophor.

Author: James L. Gole, Erling Veje, R. G. Egeberg, A. Ferreira da Silva, I. Pepe, and David A. Dixon
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Erratum: ‘‘Limits on right-handed charged weak currents from a polarization-asymmetry correlation experiment withIn107[Phys. Rev. Lett.70, 4047 (1993)]

Author: Paul Schuurmans, Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic, P.A. Quin, I. Pepe, J. Camps, B. H. King, M. Allet, W Vanderpoorten, P. De Moor, Nathal Severijns, Ludo Vanneste, Johan Wouters, F. Gimeno-Nogues, Jules Deutsch, Barry R. Holstein, and René Prieels
Subjects: Physics, Gauge boson, Right handed, Quantum electrodynamics, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, media_common
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Biochemical mechanisms for a possible involvement of the transglutaminase activity in the pathogenesis of the polyglutamine diseases: Minireview article

Author: G. Cella, A. Luongo, Vittorio Gentile, F. Guardascione, I. Pepe, and E. Occhino
Subjects: Cell type, Tissue transglutaminase, Clinical Biochemistry, Cell, Biology, Protein aggregation, Proteomics, Nervous System, Biochemistry, Inclusion bodies, Pathogenesis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Inclusion Bodies, chemistry.chemical_classification, Transglutaminases, Organic Chemistry, Cell biology, Enzyme, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein, Nervous System Diseases, Peptides
Abstract: Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes which show the common capacity to catalyse the cross-linking of protein substrates. Some members of this family of enzymes are also capable to catalyse other chemical reactions for the cell life. The distribution and the role of these enzymes have been studied in numerous cell types and tissues, but only recently their expression and functions started to be investigated in the Nervous System. One of the main biochemical properties of the Transglutaminase enzymes is to form large protein aggregates that are insoluble in all known protein detergents. Recently, the Transglutaminase activity has been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the formation of cellular inclusions present in the Corea Major and in other polyglutamine diseases. In this review we describe the biochemical mechanisms by which the Transglutaminases could play a critical role in the physiopathology of the polyglutamine diseases.

27. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth

Author: Adrian J. Matthews, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, David Walz, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, T. Huege, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, V. Pirronello, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. Gate, Iuri Muniz Pepe, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, van den Ad M Berg, C. Jarne, M. Prouza, J. Kleinfeller, A. Aab, L. Caramete, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, A. C. Fauth, Kai Daumiller, Peter Schiffer, B. Vlcek, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, L. del Peral, P. Abreu, M. S. A. B. Leão, H. Lyberis, E.M. Holt, D. Ravignani, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, R. Alves Batista, D. Kruppke-Hansen, O. Ravel, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, D. Nosek, Johannes Schulz, A. van Vliet, V. Scherini, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, S. Maldera, M. Pimenta, F. Diogo, M. Videla, G. Cocciolo, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Marcio Aparecido Muller, D. Maurizio, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, B. Revenu, Sarka Wykes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jing Zhou, J. C. Diaz, M. Risse, Julien Aublin, Alexandra Saftoiu, Jaime Rosado, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, M. Zimbres Silva, O. Kambeitz, R. M. de Almeida, F. Werner, Markus Ahlers, S. Riggi, T. Rossler, Eric Mayotte, M. Ave, M. Gómez Berisso, S. J. De Jong, Octavian Fratu, B. Wilczynska, J. D. Swain, E. Varela, T. Suomijaervi, N. Griffith, Lu Lu, N. T. Thao, J. Maller, S. J. Saffi, U. Froehlich, R. Cester, M. Avenier, J. Stapleton, M. Zavrtanik, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. Pallotta, N. Kunka, G. Marsella, J. R. Vázquez, D. Garcia-Gamez, E. J. Quel, Michael Unger, M. Platino, M. Monasor, Iván Sidelnik, N. Scharf, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, M. Buscemi, A. Curutiu, A. Lopez Agueera, A. Kaeaepae, M. Palatka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. A. Minaya, P. Heimann, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, M. Will, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Ugo Giaccari, B. Keilhauer, Béatrice Fuchs, P. W. Younk, Niraj Dhital, M. Hrabovsky, Alexey Yushkov, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, C. Hojvat, Francisco J. Blanco, Jan Ebr, J. Allen, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, A. Weindl, I. Valiño, Xavier Bertou, V. Purrello, Paul Sommers, L. Nellen, Max Malacari, Markus Lauscher, A. Zepeda, A. Filevich, Alina Mihaela Badescu, A. Smialkowski, Dusan Mandat, Raul Sarmento, F. Gomez Albarracin, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, D. Monnier Ragaigne, O. A. Taborda, Piotr Homola, M. J. Cooper, John N. Matthews, C. Morello, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, Yingchun Zhu, I. Al Samarai, J. Neuser, F. Salamida, Pedro Assis, G. Matthiae, F. Sánchez, P. Facal San Luis, A. Etchegoyen, M. Josebachuili, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A. Schmidt, H.O. Klages, H. Martinez, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, M. Ambrosio, Antonio Bueno, A. Petrolini, S. Le Coz, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, G. Parente, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Libor Nozka, Javier Tiffenberg, Sergio Pastor, Sasa Micanovic, O. Wainberg, D. Nitz, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, H. Bluemer, A. Gorgi, Y. Guardincerri, S. Messina, N. Krohm, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, M. Muenchmeyer, A. P. Ferguson, Peter L. Biermann, Petr Schovanek, Esteban Roulet, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, G. S. Varner, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Ochilo, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, B. Sarkar, B. Tome, H. Schoorlemmer, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, S. Jansen, E. Petermann, Gualberto Avila, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Christian Glaser, A. Criss, Miroslav Pech, Guenter Sigl, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Paolo Privitera, L. R. Wiencke, D. Martraire, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Ingomar Allekotte, N. Palmieri, J. Espadanal, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, W. C. Brown, K. Link, R. R. Prado, M. C. Maccarone, A. Dorofeev, Darko Veberič, Pavel Horvath, A. Menshikov, L. Latronico, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Krause, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, M. Ludwig, C. E. Santo, Angela V. Olinto, M. Urban, R. J. Lauer, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, M. S. Sutherland, J. de Oliveira, A. C. Rovero, L. Valore, S. Navas, Martin Erdmann, M. Melissas, Igor Katkov, J. F. Valdés Galicia, P. Ristori, Amin Aminaei, C. Bleve, C. Aramo, K. Weidenhaupt, Rúben Conceição, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, S. Grebe, A. Haungs, Eun-Joo Ahn, L. Villaseñor, I. Rodriguez Cabo, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, J. L. Harton, V. Marin, Pham Ngoc Diep, C. Di Giulio, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, F. Sarazin, L. Martin, M. Oliveira, Balázs Kégl, G. P. Guedes, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, S. T. Garcia Roca, Sofia Andringa, Marco Cilmo, Philipp Papenbreer, I. Zaw, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, R. Squartini, François Montanet, Petr Travnicek, Vincenzo Rizi, H. J. Mathes, D. Martello, Bruno Daniel, Alejandro Almela, P. Mantsch, T. Paul, Z. Szadkowski, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, M.E. Ortiz, B. Caccianiga, J. Vicha, Trent D. Grubb, Hernán Asorey, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Huber, M. Ziolkowski, D. Maurel, Roger W Clay, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Juan Manuel Figueira, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Marco Giammarchi, Roberta Colalillo, J. Rodriguez Rojo, R. Bonino, A. Shadkam, I. Jandt, A. G. Mariazzi, Markus Roth, E. Menichetti, R. Gaior, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, B. Zamorano, Ralf Ulrich, A. Porcelli, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Peter Hansen, Azadeh Keivani, Fernando Contreras, G. Medina-Tanco, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, G. van Aar, P. L. Ghia, F. Guarino, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Tapia, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alan Watson, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Peter Buchholz, H. Gemmeke, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, J. Alvarez Castillo, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, R. Piegaia, S. Quinn, G. Toma, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. Segreto, G. Cataldi, Nataliia Borodai, K. Islo, Radomir Smida, G. Mueller, Maurice Stephan, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, A. Schulz, E. Trovato, A. Tonachini, V. de Souza, A. Di Matteo, Lino Miramonti, J. Baeuml, B. Gookin, C. Ruehle, P.F. Gómez Vitale, B. Wundheiler, M. Blanco, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Gregory R Snow, E. M. Santos, S. H. Cheng, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, Marcus Niechciol, R. Pelayo, P. H. Kasper, B. J. Whelan, S. Querchfeld, L. Niemietz, Miguel Mostafá, Ioana Codrina Maris, N. Pacheco, J. Roberts, Tim Niggemann, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, Colin Baus, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, C. Porowski, H. Schieler, A. Stutz, M. Fernandes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, E. Santos, Antonella Castellina, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, A. Widom, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, R. Meyhandan, T. Fuji, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, J. Sorokin, B. D. Fox, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Lebrun, D. Heck, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, L. Collica, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E. Ahn, I. A. Samarai, I. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. l. Almela, J. A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. A. Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. s. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. Badescu, K. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J. Beatty, K. Becker, J. Bellido, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. a. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, M. Buscemi, K. a. am, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. Chavez, S. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, M. Cooper, S. Coutu, C. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. a. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. b. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. Dawson, R. D. Almeida, M. D. Domenico, S. b. De, J. D. Mello, I. D. Mitri, J. D. Oliveira, V. D. Souza, L. D. Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. D. Giulio, A. D. Matteo, J. Diaz, M. D. Castro, P. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J. D'Olivo, P. b. Dong, A. Dorofeev, Q. D. Hasankiadeh, M. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. a. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. l. Etchegoyen, P. F. San, H. b. bl, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. Ferguson, M. Fernande, B. Fick, J. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. b. Filipčič, B. Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, T. Fuji, R. Gaior, B. García, S. G. Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. G. Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Gla, F. G. Albarracin, M. G. Berisso, P. G. Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. b. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. Grillo, T. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. Harrison, J. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. Herve, G. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. a. Homola, J. b. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. b. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. b. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. Kieckhafer, H. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. Lahurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. L. De, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. c. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. a. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. M. Meza, H. Mathe, S. Mathy, A. Matthew, J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, J. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. Moura, M. c. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. b. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. NoŽka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. c. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pkala, R. Pelayo, I. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. c. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. b. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. De, I. R. Cabo, G. a. Rodriguez, J. R. Rojo, M. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, C. Rühle, S. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. Santo, E. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. b. bo, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, S. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. Supanitsky, M. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, N. Thao, V. Theodoro, J. Tiffenberg, C. b. Timmerman, C. T. Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. V. Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. V. Aar, A. V. Den, S. V. Velzen, A. V. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. Vázquez, R. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. l. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, B. Whelan, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. b. Zavrtanik, M. b. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), PIERRE AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris ( 2011 ), ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,SUPER ( 2011 ), ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE),ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-COSI-0002,SIMINOLE,Méthodes de simulations pour des applications de grande échelle en physique expérimentale : inférence statistique, optimisation et apprentissage discriminant(2010), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. l., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L. s., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, K. a., Am, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. b., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, P. b., Dong, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. l., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bl, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F. G., Albarracin, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P. a., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G. L., Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. c., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, A., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, J., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pkala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. b., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, C., Rühle, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bo, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, N., Thao, V., Theodoro, J., Tiffenberg, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. l., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, B., Whelan, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, Ahn, E. ?. J., I., Al Samarai, Albuquerque, I. ?. F. ?. M., A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, R., Alves Batista, L., Anchordoqui, Aramo, Carla, Badescu, A. ?. M., Barber, K. ?. B., J., B?uml, Beatty, J. ?. J., Becker, K. ?. H., Bellido, J. ?. A., Biermann, P. ?. L., C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Brown, W. ?. C., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. ?. S., Chavez, A. ?. G., Cheng, S. ?. H., Chinellato, J. ?. A., Cilmo, Marco, Clay, R. ?. W., G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. ?. R., R., Concei??o, Cooper, M. ?. J., Covault, C. ?. E., R., Dallier, S., Dasso, Dawson, B. ?. R., de Almeida, R. ?. M., M., De Domenico, de Jong, S. ?. J., de Mello Neto, J. ?. R. ?. T., I., De Mitri, J., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, Diaz, J. ?. C., D?az Castro, M. ?. L., Diep, P. ?. N., D?olivo, J. ?. C., Dong, P. ?. N., Q., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Dova, M. ?. T., Escobar, C. ?. O., A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, Fauth, A. ?. C., Ferguson, A. ?. P., Figueira, J. ?. M., A., Filip?i?, Fox, B. ?. D., U., Fr?hlich, B., Garc?a, Garcia Roca, S. ?. T., A., Gascon Bravo, Ghia, P. ?. L., F., Gomez Albarracin, M., G?mez Berisso, G?mez Vitale, P. ?. F., P., Gon?alve, Gonzalez, J. ?. G., S., Grebe, Grillo, A. ?. F., Grubb, T. ?. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. ?. P., Harrison, T. ?. A., Harton, J. ?. L., Herve, A. ?. E., Hill, G. ?. C., P., Homola, H?randel, J. ?. R., M., Hrabovsk?, Isar, P. ?. G., S., Jansen, A., K??p?, Kampert, K. ?. H., B., K?gl, Kieckhafer, R. ?. M., Klages, H. ?. O., O., Kr?mer, G., La Rosa, S., Le Coz, Le?o, M. ?. S. ?. A. ?. B., Leigui de Oliveira, M. ?. A., R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, Maccarone, M. ?. C., Mariazzi, A. ?. G., Mari?, I. ?. C., G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, O., Mart?nez Bravo, Mas?as Meza, J. ?. J., Mathes, H. ?. J., Matthews, A. ?. J., Mazur, P. ?. O., S., Mi?anovi?, Micheletti, M. ?. I., Minaya, I. ?. A., D., Monnier Ragaigne, Moreno, J. ?. C., M., Mostaf?, Moura, C. ?. A., Muller, M. ?. A., G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, A., Nelle, L., No?ka, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, T., Paul, J., P?kala, Pepe, I. ?. M., L., Perrone, S., Petrera, Prado, R. ?. R., Quel, E. ?. J., S., Riggi, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Rojo, Rodr?guez Fr?as, M. ?. D., Rovero, A. ?. C., C., R?hle, Saffi, S. ?. J., F., Salesa Greu, F., S?nchez, Santo, C. ?. E., Santos, E. ?. M., V., Scherini, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schov?nek, Sciutto, S. ?. J., Shellard, R. ?. C., A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, Snow, G. ?. R., Srivastava, Y. ?. N., S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, Supanitsky, A. ?. D., Sutherland, M. ?. S., Taborda, O. ?. A., Thao, N. ?. T., Theodoro, V. ?. M., C., Timmerman, Todero Peixoto, C. ?. J., B., Tom?, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, Galicia, J. ?. F. Vald?s., I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, G., van Aar, van den Berg, A. ?. M., S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, B., Vargas C?rdena, V?zquez, J. ?. R., V?zquez, R. ?. A., D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, O., Wainberg, Watson, A. ?. A., Whelan, B. ?. J., B., Wilczy?ska, H., Wilczy?ski, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, and M., Zimbres Silva
Subjects: Astrofísica, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, muons, hadronic interaction models, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Air showers, Production depth, SURFACE DETECTOR ARRAY, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, High-Energy Cosmic Rays, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pierre Auger Observatory, Observable, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), COSMIC-RAYS, longitudinal development, Core (optical fiber), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, MODEL, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], muonic component, SYSTEM
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory provides information about the longitudinal development of the muonic component of extensive air showers. Using the timing information from the flash analog-to-digital converter traces of surface detectors far from the shower core, it is possible to reconstruct a muon production depth distribution. We characterize the goodness of this reconstruction for zenith angles around 60° and different energies of the primary particle. From these distributions, we define Xμmax as the depth along the shower axis where the production of muons reaches maximum. We explore the potentiality of Xμmax as a useful observable to infer the mass composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Likewise, we assess its ability to constrain hadronic interaction models., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Drosophila melanogaster and its microbiota: the response of the holobiont to xenobiotic challenge

Author: Pedata P. A., Testa A., Ventorino V., Romano I., Pepe O., Crescenzi C., Monti M. M., Pedata, P. A., Testa, A., Ventorino, V., Romano, I., Pepe, O., Crescenzi, C., Monti, M. M., and Pedata P. A., Testa A., Ventorino V., Romano I., Pepe O., Crescenzi C., Monti M. M.
Subjects: no key words
Published: 2018

29. Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. II. Composition implications

Author: Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bauml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertania, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blumer, H., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Frohlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fuji, T., Gaior, R., Garcia, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Goncalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kaapa, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kromer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leao, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopez, R., Lopez Aguera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masias Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Muller, S., Munchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pcopyrightkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Frias, M. D., Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆mialkowski, A., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tome, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Varner, G., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., De Domenico, Manlio, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), M., Ambrisio, Aramo, Carla, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, V., Aranda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, N., Awal, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, M., Bertania, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, S., Blae, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, A., Bridgeman, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, M., Buscemi, K., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, A., Coleman, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. a., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, N., González, B., Gookin, J., Gordon, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, F., Guarino, G., Guede, M., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. b., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, R., Meissner, M., Melissa, D., Melo, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, S., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, P., Nguyen, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., P©kala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. c., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, D., Rogozin, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, D., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bm, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ͆miałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, A., Tepe, V., Theodoro, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, P. V., Bodegom, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, and F., Zuccarello
Subjects: mass composition, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Proton, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Nuclear physics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 0103 physical sciences, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Range (particle radiation), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Interaction model, Astroparticles, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], COSMIC-RAYS, Astronomía, Air shower, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, FISICA, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Using the data taken at the Pierre Auger Observatory between December 2004 and December 2012, we have examined the implications of the distributions of depths of atmospheric shower maximum (Xmax), using a hybrid technique, for composition and hadronic interaction models. We do this by fitting the distributions with predictions from a variety of hadronic interaction models for variations in the composition of the primary cosmic rays and examining the quality of the fit. Regardless of what interaction model is assumed, we find that our data are not well described by a mix of protons and iron nuclei over most of the energy range. Acceptable fits can be obtained when intermediate masses are included, and when this is done consistent results for the proton and iron-nuclei contributions can be found using the available models. We observe a strong energy dependence of the resulting proton fractions, and find no support from any of the models for a significant contribution from iron nuclei. However, we also observe a significant disagreement between the models with respect to the relative contributions of the intermediate components., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Reconstruction of inclined air showers detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fuji, T., Gaior, R., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Islo, K., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agëra, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, A. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Newton, D., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., kowski, A. Śmiał, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Thao, N. T., Theodoro, V. M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., Berg, A. M. van den, van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, Ziolkowski, M., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), PIERRE AUGER, European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L. c., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, K. b., Cl, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Danie, S. e., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., Bj, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, P. c., Dong, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. c., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F. G., Albarracin, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffth, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P. b., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. a., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G. L., Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, A., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, J., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. u., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, D. c., Newton, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, V., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pȩkala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. a., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Que, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. b., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. b., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, C., Rühle, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Cn, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmialkowski, R., Śmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, N., Thao, V., Theodoro, J., Tiffenberg, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, B., Whelan, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T. c., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I. c., Zaw, A. c., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, The Pierre Augur, Collaboration, Aramo, Carla, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA )
Subjects: Astrofísica, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, ultra high energy cosmic ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], ENERGY, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), EXPERIMENTS, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], HIGH, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cascade, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Normalization (statistics), [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], COSMIC, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, 010306 general physics, ULTRA, Zenith, Shower reconstruction, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, RAYS, Computational physics, Astronomía, Inclined extensive air showers, Experimental High Energy Physics, cosmic ray experiments, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We describe the method devised to reconstruct inclined cosmic-ray air showers with zenith angles greater than $60^\circ$ detected with the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The measured signals at the ground level are fitted to muon density distributions predicted with atmospheric cascade models to obtain the relative shower size as an overall normalization parameter. The method is evaluated using simulated showers to test its performance. The energy of the cosmic rays is calibrated using a sub-sample of events reconstructed with both the fluorescence and surface array techniques. The reconstruction method described here provides the basis of complementary analyses including an independent measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using very inclined events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory., 27 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP)
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above 1017.8eV

Author: Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bauml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blumer, H., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Frohlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., Gaior, R., Garcia, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Goncalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kaapa, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kromer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leao, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopez, R., Lopez Aguera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masias Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Muller, S., Munchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pcopyrightkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Frias, M. D., Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆mialkowski, A., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tome, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Varner, G., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., De Domenico, Manlio, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, V., Aranda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, N., Awal, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, M., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, S., Blae, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, A., Bridgeman, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, M., Buscemi, K., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, A., Coleman, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. a., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fujii, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, N., González, B., Gookin, J., Gordon, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, F., Guarino, G., Guede, M., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. b., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, R., Meissner, M., Melissa, D., Melo, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, S., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, P., Nguyen, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., P©kala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. c., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, D., Rogozin, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, D., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bm, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ͆miałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, A., Tepe, V., Theodoro, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, P. V., Bodegom, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, and F., Zuccarello
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, mass composition, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, High-Energy Cosmic ray
Abstract: We report a study of the distributions of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of extensive air-shower profiles with energies above 1017.8eV as observed with the fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The analysis method for selecting a data sample with minimal sampling bias is described in detail as well as the experimental cross-checks and systematic uncertainties. Furthermore, we discuss the detector acceptance and the resolution of the Xmax measurement and provide parametrizations thereof as a function of energy. The energy dependence of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distributions are compared to air-shower simulations for different nuclear primaries and interpreted in terms of the mean and variance of the logarithmic mass distribution at the top of the atmosphere.
Published: 2014

32. Publisher's Note: Search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos in highly inclined events at the Pierre Auger Observatory [Phys. Rev. D 84, 122005 (2011)]

Author: C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, S. L. C. Barroso, E. Moreno, Peter L. Biermann, A. Nelles, Paolo Privitera, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Tome, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Lu Lu, D. Nosek, Harsha Blumer, Alberto Filevich, Roberto Mussa, F. Guarino, Eun-Joo Ahn, Peter Buchholz, I. C. Mariş, Domenico Tegolo, François Montanet, M. Szuba, A. Weindl, P. H. Hansen, Mariangela Settimo, Kreso Kadija, I.M. Brancus, Hernan Wahlberg, M. Gómez Berisso, N. Hollon, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, B. Keilhauer, M. Gold, T. Yapici, D. Newton, H. Rivera, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, R. C. Shellard, J. C. Marin, W. Docters, M. Risse, Jose Chinellato, Iván Sidelnik, D. H. Koang, H. Cook, G. Matthiae, A. N. Yushkov, V. H. Ponce, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Widom, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, M. Josebachuili, L. Perrone, D. Maurel, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, B. J. Whelan, H. J. Mathes, E. D. Fraenkel, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, I. Lhenry-Yvon, J. J. Beatty, Gualberto Avila, Yingchun Zhu, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. E. Fracchiolla, G. Farrar, B. Zamorano, Sebastian Schulte, M. Avenier, Piotr Homola, Angela V. Olinto, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Coppens, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, Thomas Harrison, David Walz, P. Facal San Luis, L. Caramete, K. Kotera, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, G. Parente, Lorenzo Cazon, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, G. De La Vega, C. Rühle, G. Marsella, P. Pieroni, Maurice Stephan, T. Paul, A. Tapia, S. Le Coz, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, D. Allard, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Darko Veberic, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, E. Petermann, R. Gaior, R. Sato, Markus Roth, Martina Bohacova, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Pham Ngoc Diep, Miroslav Pech, C. L. Williams, H. M. Spinka, H. H. Silva Lopez, H. Gemmeke, Octavian Fratu, H. Martinez, Patrick Allison, M. Unger, A. Tonachini, J. Sorokin, A. Hervé, B. Revenu, Ph. Lebrun, F. Werner, Dusan Mandat, B. R. Becker, I. Zaw, B. Wilczynska, Julien Aublin, R. Pelayo, Alejandro Almela, G. Cataldi, M. Ambrosio, V. Scherini, Alexandra Saftoiu, Heino Falcke, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, P.F. Gómez Vitale, B. Caccianiga, I. Allekotte, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, P. Brogueira, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Pavel Horvath, M. S. Sutherland, W. J. M. de Mello, Paul Sommers, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, P. Goncalves, Moritz Münchmeyer, M. Palatka, Günter Sigl, P. W. Younk, P. Gouffon, J. Vicha, J. Chudoba, G. Wieczorek, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, M. Ludwig, J. Ridky, D. Maurizio, J. L. Navarro, Daniel Gonzalez, U. Fröhlich, J. R. Vázquez, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, E. Grashorn, Martin Erdmann, D. Nitz, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Harari, N. Scharf, T. Susa, van den Ad M Berg, Carola Dobrigkeit, Sofia Andringa, A. Keivani, M. De Domenico, K. B. Barber, R. F. Gamarra, D. Lebrun, M. Tartare, Fernando Contreras, J. Schovancova, A. Porcelli, Ernesto Arganda, P. Wahrlich, Corbin Covault, Roger W Clay, Lino Miramonti, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, Y. Petrov, Sasa Micanovic, A. Stutz, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, M. T. Dova, A. Criss, S. Fliescher, A. Gorgi, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, M.E. Ortiz, L. R. Wiencke, R. Engel, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, A. C. Fauth, R. Rebolo Lopez, C. Meurer, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, E. Kemp, Maria Rita Coluccia, C. Macolino, M. Pontz, C. Hojvat, Alan Watson, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Bäcker, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, J. Stapleton, M. Prouza, A. Smialkowski, M. Monasor, A. F. Barbosa, P. Karhan, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, D. Monnier Ragaigne, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. Blanco, L. Niemietz, J. Alvarez Castillo, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, Carla Bonifazi, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, T. Rossler, Valerio Verzi, G. Müller, Sergio Dasso, A. Bellétoile, Brian Fick, Jose A. Bellido, Jan Ebr, K. H. Kampert, G. P. Guedes, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, Markus Ahlers, E. Varela, N. Griffith, N. Palmieri, R. Conceição, A. Schmidt, Vincent Marin, Miroslav Hrabovský, Ugo Giaccari, Pascal Lautridou, J. Chauvin, V. C. Holmes, P. Schiffer, I. Dutan, A. Shadkam, S. Navas, A. Haungs, R. E. Burton, M. Melissas, Ralf Ulrich, J. K. Kulbartz, J. L. Harton, N. Pacheco, R. A. Vázquez, A. Menshikov, Martin Will, C. De Donato, D. Heck, M. Weber, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Jaime Rosado, T. Pierog, V. Pirronello, J. Oehlschläger, F. Kuehn, M. del Río, Philipp Mertsch, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, F. Sanchez, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, F. Sarazin, Carl Pfendner, P. L. Ghia, J. Roberts, Iuri Muniz Pepe, R. Cester, S. Petrera, S. Riggi, O. Tascau, K. Weidenhaupt, S. Gambetta, Michael Urban, A. Petrolini, H.O. Klages, A. C. Rovero, C. Jarne, S. Harmsma, L. Nožka, R. Piegaia, B. Morales, P. Abreu, S. Jiraskova, H. Schieler, D. Ravignani, A. Segreto, F. Diogo, Y. Guardincerri, S. Sarkar, F. Salamida, M. Zavrtanik, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, S. Maldera, A. Guzmán, C. Lachaud, Antonella Castellina, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, Marcus Niechciol, H. Lyberis, R. M. de Almeida, A. Dorofeev, B. Vargas Cárdenas, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, O. Krömer, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, J. Chirinos Diaz, L. Villaseñor, M. Platino, L. Martin, E. J. Quel, M. Ave, V. de Souza, M. Nyklicek, Francisco J. Blanco, N. Nierstenhoefer, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, S. Westerhoff, A. P. Ferguson, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, F. Gomez Albarracin, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, Petr Schovanek, J. Neuser, A. Zepeda, J.E. Swain, P. T. Nhung, Pedro Assis, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, A. Parra, A. Etchegoyen, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Javier Tiffenberg, Miguel Mostafa, G. Navarra, P. Petrinca, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Samo Stanič, D. D'Urso, R. Bonino, A. Gascon, J. Kleinfeller, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, Denise Boncioli, A. Cordier, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, N. T. Thao, German Ros, Richard Dallier, M. Videla, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, T. Antičić, B. M. Baughman, E. Trovato, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Gookin, E. M. Santos, Marcio Aparecido Muller, S. H. Cheng, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, I. Fajardo Tapia, G. Golup, R. Bruijn, N. Kunka, G. Tristram, J. A. J. Matthews, F. Salesa Greus, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. W. Cronin, G. Toma, Andrej Filipcic, S. Grebe, Nataliia Borodai, Esteban Roulet, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Luis A. Anchordoqui, E. Parizot, C. E. Santo, R. Squartini, W. Tkaczyk, S. J. De Jong, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, A. Curutiu, Radomir Smida, Olivier Ravel, A. Italiano, D. Huber, Frank G. Schröder, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. G. Mariazzi, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Horneffer, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Harm Schoorlemmer, Balázs Kégl, F. Ionita, N. Krohm, B. Sarkar, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, A. Creusot, J. Rautenberg, J. Espadanal, O. Wainberg, H. Wilczyński, L. del Peral, W. C. Brown, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, K. Louedec, S. T. Garcia Roca, E. Menichetti, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, J. C. dos Anjos, D. Garcia-Pinto, Onofrio A. Catalano, Carla Bleve, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, L. Nellen, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, A., Badescu, M., Balzer, K., Barber, A., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S., Barroso, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, J., Beatty, B., Becker, K., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R., Burton, K., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, R., Clay, M., Coluccia, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W., de Mello, J., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, V., de Souza, K., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M., Díaz Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D???olivo, P., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J., dos Anjo, M., Dova, D'Urso, Domenico, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, I., Fajardo Tapia, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, S., Fliescher, C., Fracchiolla, E., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, M., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G., Guede, A., Guzman, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V., Holme, P., Homola, J., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I., Mari, H., Marquez Falcon, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, H., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M., Micheletti, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, D., Newton, P., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., No??ka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, L., Perrone, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d???Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Smialkowski, R., ??mída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, T., ??u??a, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Tascau, C., Tavera Ruiz, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tegolo, N., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, Valore, Laura, A., van den Berg, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberic, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, Yushkov, Alexey, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, Publisher's note, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, cosmic ray detectors, Cosmic neutrino background, Neutrino detector, 13. Climate action, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle detectors, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract: The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos of all flavours above 0.1 EeV. These interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere giving rise to extensive air showers. When interacting deeply in the atmosphere at nearly horizontal incidence, neutrinos can be distinguished from regular hadronic cosmic rays by the broad time structure of their shower signals in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper we present for the first time an analysis based on down-going neutrinos. We describe the search procedure, the possible sources of background, the method to compute the exposure and the associated systematic uncertainties. No candidate neutrinos have been found in data collected from 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2010. Assuming an E^-2 differential energy spectrum the limit on the single flavour neutrino is (E^2 * dN/dE)
Published: 2012

33. Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 10(18) eV

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, K. Arisaka, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, D. Badagnani, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, T. Bergmann, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. DuVernois, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, U. Fröhlich, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, D. García Gámez, D. Garcia-Pinto, X. Garrido, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giller, H. Glass, L. M. Goggin, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. Gonçalves, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, S. R. Gozzini, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, J. D. Hague, V. Halenka, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jiraskova, K. Kadija, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, P. Kasper, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, A. Krieger, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, P. Lautridou, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Lemiere, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, M. McEwen, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, C. Meurer, S. Mičanović, M. I. Micheletti, W. Miller, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafá, S. Mueller, M. A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, P. T. Nhung, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, M. Nyklicek, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, P. Oliva, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, A. Parra, J. Parrisius, R. D. Parsons, S. Pastor, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Petrovic, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, A. Redondo, B. Revenu, F. A. S. Rezende, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, C. Rivière, V. Rizi, C. Robledo, G. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, M. Santander, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schroeder, S. Schulte, F. Schüssler, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, D. Semikoz, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, B. B. Siffert, G. Sigl, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tapia, T. Tarutina, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, D. Tcherniakhovski, D. Tegolo, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, T. Venters, V. Verzi, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Warner, A. A. Watson, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. G. Winnick, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., . Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, Yushkov, Alexey, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], FLUORESCENCE LIGHT, General Physics and Astronomy, Pierre Auger Observatory, depth of maximum, fluorescence detector, cosmic rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Chemical Composition, Astrophysics, Mass composition, ENERGIA, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, RECONSTRUCTION, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Measurement, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Pierre Auger Experiment, Detector, Primary composition, Física, COSMIC-RAYS, longitudinal development, Longitudinal development, RESOLUTION, Física nuclear, fluorescence, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy
Abstract: We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost four thousand events above 10¹⁸ eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106⁺³⁵₋₂₁) g/cm²/decade below 1018.24 ± 0.05 eV and (24 ± 3) g/cm²/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm². The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, M.E. Ortiz, L. Perrone, M. Gold, J. Chauvin, A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, A. Segreto, E. Santo, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Ralf Ulrich, R. E. Burton, G. De La Vega, Markus Risse, T. Tarutina, Paul M. Mantsch, E. Strazzeri, Radomir Smida, J. L. Navarro, G. Rodriguez, J. G. Gonzalez, A. Lopez Agüera, C. Delle Fratte, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Daniel Gonzalez, Azadeh Keivani, U. Froehlich, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Guarino, J. F. Valdés Galicia, S. Gambetta, A. Ferrero, Sergio Sciutto, Enrique Zas, I. M. Pepe, Peter Buchholz, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, R. Piegaia, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, H. Cook, J. W. Cronin, Nataliia Borodai, A. Anzalone, S. J. De Jong, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, A. Curutiu, H. Dembinski, M. Zavrtanik, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, J. S. Díaz, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, Balázs Kégl, A. D. Supanitsky, A. Tamashiro, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Petr Travnicek, T. Bergmann, Hernán Asorey, A. C. Rovero, F. Ionita, M. Prouza, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, V. de Souza, Fred Sarazin, Hermann-Josef Mathes, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, B. J. Whelan, A. Italiano, C. Bleve, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Bellétoile, H. Lyberis, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Decerprit, R. Cester, E. Moreno, L. Nozka, S. Riggi, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Michael DuVernois, D. Maurizio, G. Matthiae, A. Krieger, C. Aramo, J. Abraham, S. Parlati, L. del Peral, Richard Dallier, Christopher Morris, M. Hussain, G. Cataldi, Vincenzo Rizi, M. Platino, Rúben Conceição, Pascal Lautridou, M. Monasor, Warner A. Miller, Eun-Joo Ahn, Beatriz B. Siffert, P. Schiffer, Miguel Mostafá, L. Voyvodic, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Dariusz Gora, T. Rossler, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, V. H. Ponce, S. Harmsma, Esteban Roulet, V. Scherini, Osvaldo Catalano, F. Salamida, Fabian Schmidt, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Gualberto Avila, P. Bauleo, Ingomar Allekotte, Pham Ngoc Diep, Heino Falcke, Hernan Wahlberg, Dusan Mandat, C. E. Santo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, L. Nellen, G. Wieczorek, Marco Iarlori, T. Schmidt, S. Dagoret-Campagne, N. Scharf, Francisco J. Blanco, Michael Urban, Piera Luisa Ghia, Y. Guardincerri, N. Nierstenhoefer, F. Gomez Albarracin, O. Tascau, A. Redondo, D.V. Semikoz, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, Antonio Insolia, B. Wilczynska, L. Valore, J. D. Swain, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Angela V. Olinto, J. Parrisius, K. Louedec, A. Schmidt, E. D. Fraenkel, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Tamburro, R. M. de Almeida, M. G. Winnick, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, Markus Roth, B. Keilhauer, S. L. C. Barroso, Maria-Teresa Dova, D. Monnier Ragaigne, A. Gorgi, Marcos Santander, R. Pelayo, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, W. Fulgione, A. Della Selva, Ernesto Arganda, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, C. Pfendner, I. Zaw, J. R. Hoerandel, V. Halenka, B. Tome, Peter Mazur, A. Smialkowski, H. Schieler, N. Kunka, M. Kaducak, J. Knapp, Peter L. Biermann, E. Petermann, S. Mueller, J. L. Kelley, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, M. C. Maccarone, A. Criss, Maria Giller, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Graciela B. Gelmini, N. Palmieri, S. Jiraskova, Vincent Marin, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Mariangela Settimo, Paolo Privitera, Alexey Yushkov, A. Dorofeev, Tonia M. Venters, Valerio Pirronello, K. Arisaka, M. S. Sutherland, U. Giaccari, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, T. Suomijärvi, N. Pacheco, J. Pallotta, C. Meurer, A. Menshikov, E. J. Quel, E. Trovato, R. Pesce, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Filipcic, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Corbin Covault, Diego Harari, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Y. Petrov, Piotr Homola, S. R. Gozzini, R. Knapik, A. Chou, P. Facal San Luis, G. Tristram, B. L. Lago, Sofia Andringa, M. Palatka, Petr Schovanek, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, S. Fliescher, R. Mussa, S. Westerhoff, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, K. B. Barber, L. Villaseñor, Pedro Assis, P. W. Younk, M. Blanco, J. J. Beatty, D. Nitz, Lino Miramonti, Silvia Mollerach, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, E. M. Santos, L. R. Wiencke, C. L. Williams, A. Etchegoyen, H. Bluemer, H. M. Spinka, P. T. Nhung, Javier Tiffenberg, D. Nosek, N. Fazzini, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, A. Parra, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, A. Haungs, H. Wilczyński, Jaime Rosado, Julien Aublin, S. Grebe, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. A. S. Rezende, Ivor Fleck, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, B. Morales, B. García, Mario Scuderi, T. Paul, C. De Donato, S. Navas, Tobias Winchen, M. Melissas, P. Lebrun, G. Yuan, G. Marsella, Matias Tueros, Olivier Ravel, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. Grashorn, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Navarra, E. Menichetti, T. Antičić, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, Kreso Kadija, T. Yamamoto, R. A. Vázquez, G. Parente, John G. Lee, E. Parizot, Ernesto Kemp, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, V. Verzi, Brian Fick, J. Oehlschlaeger, G. Medina-Tanco, W. Tkaczyk, M. Nyklicek, M. Ludwig, D. Martello, H. R. Marquez Falcon, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M. Pontz, Martin Erdmann, F. Schuessler, S. Petrera, Subir Sarkar, Carola Dobrigkeit, R. F. Gamarra, I. Valiño, P. Wahrlich, Roger W Clay, Alexander Kusenko, Maurice Stephan, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, D. Allard, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Alan Watson, M. Mcewen, B. Revenu, A. Tonachini, T. Baecker, J. R. Vázquez, Domenico Tegolo, J. Kleinfeller, Alessandro Petrolini, J. Schovancova, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, C. Lachaud, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, P. Brogueira, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jiri Chudoba, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, S. Schulte, Vasiliki Pavlidou, Lisa M. Goggin, John N. Matthews, R. Bruijn, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, M. Ambrosio, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, O. Wainberg, W. C. Brown, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. Schoorlemmer, R. D. Parsons, Guenter Sigl, Umberto Cotti, H.O. Klages, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, Gaetano Salina, Paul Sommers, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, R. Bonino, J. D. Hague, M. De Domenico, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Maria Rita Coluccia, Martina Bohacova, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, Miroslav Hrabovsky, J. Sorokin, M. Unger, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, M. Videla, Germano Guedes, Olivier Deligny, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ioana Codrina Maris, A. Lemiere, B. R. Becker, F. Kuehn, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, T. Susa, A. Stutz, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, Charles Timmermans, C. Riviere, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, K. Kulbartz, D. Melo, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe ̧kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santo, E., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šua, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Auger Observatory, Extensive air showers, Trigger, Exposure, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, High-Energy Cosmi Ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Acceptance and Trigger Efficiency, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High energy, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], AIR SHOWERS, Aperture, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Cosmic Ray, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Optics, ultra high energy, cosmic rays, Auger Observatory, extensive airshowers, trigger exposure, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, Surface Detector, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive airshowers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidates howers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 1018 eV, for all zenith angles between 03 and 603, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In the serange of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10^18 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, T. Tarutina, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Nosek, R. E. Burton, M. Gómez Berisso, Ioana Codrina Maris, D. Allard, C. De Donato, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, R. C. Shellard, G. Marsella, S. Mueller, B. R. Becker, C. Lachaud, A. Dorofeev, B. Revenu, U. Fröhlich, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, R. Bonino, H. Dembinski, Kreso Kadija, V. Verzi, J. R. Vázquez, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Gold, C. Rivière, L. Villaseñor, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, J. Kleinfeller, C. Hojvat, C. Macolino, Jan Ebr, S. Grebe, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, M. Nyklicek, A. Creusot, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, D. Harari, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, J. Oehlschläger, H.O. Klages, R. Squartini, E. Colombo, Lisa M. Goggin, R. Bruijn, Richard Dallier, Hernan Wahlberg, T. Susa, A. Stutz, J. Schovancova, L. Nožka, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, A. Gorgi, T. Paul, B. J. Whelan, Carola Dobrigkeit, D. Maurizio, R. F. Gamarra, I. Valiño, A. Krieger, L. Caramete, M. Hussain, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, Subir Sarkar, Alexander Kusenko, Olivier Ravel, E. Menichetti, K.-H. Becker, C. Aramo, Alan Watson, Esteban Roulet, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, E. Santos, M.E. Ortiz, E. D. Fraenkel, H. J. Mathes, E. Moreno, A. Della Selva, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Denise Boncioli, K. Payet, Pham Ngoc Diep, G. De La Vega, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, B. L. Lago, Martina Bohacova, Jörg R. Hörandel, German Ros, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, V. Pirronello, A. Śmiałkowski, Christopher Morris, J. Sorokin, Heino Falcke, Miroslav Hrabovský, Iuri Muniz Pepe, G. Matthiae, N. Palmieri, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, John G. Lee, E. Parizot, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Rodriguez Rojo, D. Schuster, M. Pimenta, A. Haungs, A. Bellétoile, J. L. Harton, C. E. Santo, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. J. De Jong, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Ralf Ulrich, M. Ambrosio, G. Wieczorek, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, Marco Iarlori, T. Schmidt, Enrique Zas, P. Mantsch, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, E. Petermann, Corbin Covault, D. García Gámez, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, Y. Petrov, A. Curutiu, S. Fliescher, R. Pelayo, A. Redondo, D.V. Semikoz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Lino Miramonti, A. Petrolini, Warner A. Miller, F. A. S. Rezende, Markus Roth, Z. Szadkowski, W. Tkaczyk, S. Jiraskova, J. L. Kelley, C. Di Giulio, L. del Peral, S. Riggi, Kai Daumiller, Miroslav Pech, Vincent Marin, Fernando Contreras, A. Menshikov, M. Grigat, Maurice Stephan, Gualberto Avila, P. Bauleo, Dusan Mandat, A. Tamburro, B. Keilhauer, S. Gambetta, Dariusz Gora, J. Pȩkala, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, A. Tonachini, R. Piegaia, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Petr Travnicek, M. S. Sutherland, N. Pacheco, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, A. Italiano, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, A. C. Fauth, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, Angela V. Olinto, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, G. Cataldi, T. Karova, H. Lyberis, D. Tcherniakhovski, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Lucero, T. Rossler, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, R. M. de Almeida, G. La Rosa, L. Valore, J. Parrisius, Miguel Mostafá, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, S. R. Gozzini, T. Bergmann, M. Videla, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, J. A.J. Matthews, K. Louedec, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Blanco, D. Nitz, Sofia Andringa, B. García, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Xavier Bertou, R. Knapik, Azadeh Keivani, V. C. Holmes, M. Prouza, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Jaime Rosado, P. Abreu, M. Kaducak, S. Westerhoff, D. Ravignani, A. Chiavassa, D. H. Koang, Jose Chinellato, I. Zaw, Ivor Fleck, S. Dagoret-Campagne, K. Arisaka, F. Salamida, U. Giaccari, J. D. Swain, G. Rodriguez, M. Ludwig, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, J. W. Cronin, A. Etchegoyen, H. Schieler, D. Heck, K. B. Barber, L. R. Wiencke, Pedro Brogueira, S. Navas, B. M. Baughman, M. Melissas, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, M. G. Winnick, Javier Tiffenberg, Petr Schovanek, A. Letessier-Selvon, Marcos Santander, F. Kuehn, R. Cester, D. Melo, R. A. Vázquez, Martin Erdmann, Antonella Castellina, M. Risse, E. Strazzeri, E. Grashorn, T. Antičić, M. Platino, B. Morales, A. Chou, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Lorenzo Cazon, A. Filipčič, O. Taşcǎu, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Nataliia Borodai, M. Monasor, Roger W Clay, Mariangela Settimo, M. Palatka, F. Sarazin, P. W. Younk, K. Kulbartz, S. Petrera, Domenico Tegolo, C. Meurer, K. H. Kampert, Alexey Yushkov, T. Bäcker, Francisco J. Blanco, V. H. Ponce, F. Gomez Albarracin, V. Scherini, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, R. Sato, H. Blümer, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, A. Schmidt, Paul Sommers, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, P. Gouffon, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Balázs Kégl, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, A. D. Supanitsky, V. Halenka, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, C. L. Williams, H. M. Spinka, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, O. Krömer, J. D. Hague, Tonia M. Venters, F. Ionita, M. De Domenico, Marcio Aparecido Muller, E. Trovato, J. G. Gonzalez, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Alberto Filevich, J. L. Navarro, G. Golup, Peter Hansen, N. Kunka, G. Tristram, Daniel Gonzalez, C. J. Todero Peixoto, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Maria Rita Coluccia, H. Glass, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Marco Aglietta, G. Decerprit, Rúben Conceição, Pascal Lautridou, J. C. Diaz, Beatriz B. Siffert, P. Schiffer, Michael DuVernois, S. Parlati, S. Schulte, E. M. Santos, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, Y. Guardincerri, H. Wilczyński, Bruce R. Dawson, B. Tome, P.O. Mazur, M. McEwen, M. C. Maccarone, G. Parente, H. R. Marquez Falcon, N. Scharf, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Tamashiro, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, C. Pfendner, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, J. Abraham, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, N. Fazzini, Julien Aublin, J. F. Valdés Galicia, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Schroeder, J. C. dos Anjos, L. Voyvodic, D. Garcia-Pinto, Onofrio A. Catalano, U. Cotti, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, H. Cook, R. D. Parsons, B. Wundheiler, L. Nellen, C. Morello, B. Wilczynska, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, Gregory R Snow, A. Lemiere, P. H. Kasper, M. S. A. B. Leão, W. Fulgione, O. Blanch-Bigas, Sasa Micanovic, Vasiliki Pavlidou, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, A. Criss, M. Pontz, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, Peter L. Biermann, W. C. Brown, G. P. Guedes, Paolo Privitera, J. Chauvin, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, Eun-Joo Ahn, Michael Urban, François Montanet, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Radomir Smida, C. Delle Fratte, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, A. Parra, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, M. R., Coluccia, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, M., Settimo, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Radiación Cósmica, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy spectrum, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, SURFACE DETECTOR, UPPER LIMIT, ENERGIA, PHOTON FRACTION, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Auger, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, Observatory, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Spectral density, Física, ELECTRONS, 3. Good health, Energy spectrum, SIMULATION, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, ARRAY, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SYSTEM
Abstract: We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and Statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one Surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10(18) eV We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular. the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E-gamma with index gamma = 3 3 below the ankle which is measured at log(10)(E-ankle/eV) = 18 6 Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2 6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log(10)(E/eV) = 19 5, detected with high statistical significance., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Mevolonate Pathway:role of bisphosphonates and statins

Author: SARAKATSIANOU, Vasiliki, D. MERENDINO, SFERRAZZA, Stefania, MAGGIO, Claudia, D. COSTANZA, PEPE, Ilenia, AVILA, Daniela, G. TAORMINA, A. ABBRUZZESE, CARDELLA, Graziella, AMBROSIANO, Giuseppe, RAPPA, Antonino, ROTOLO, Giuseppe, V SARAKATSIANOU, D MERENDINO, S SFERRAZZA, C MAGGIO, D COSTANZA, I PEPE, D AVILA, G TAORMINA, A ABBRUZZESE, G CARDELLA, G AMBROSIANO, A RAPPA, and ROTOLO G
Subjects: Bisphosphonates, statins, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases, i.e. high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and stroke, and osteoporosis are public health problems, with several epidemiological links, and they might be related to each other in terms of pathogenesis and therapeutic agents. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, whereas statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and are used for the treatment of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolic disorders. Some late clinical studies suggested bisphosphonates may have beneficial effect in vivo on atherosclerotic progression, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, whereas statins might increase bone density, and reduce fracture risk, even if properly designed prospective studies are needed to clearly define clinical effects and potential new roles for these old agents. Moreover mechanism by which these two classes of drugs act, at cellular level, may not be mutually exclusive, and the common target of action might be the mevalonate pathway. In this review, we focused on in vitro and in vivo interactions between mevolanate pathway, bisphosphonates, and statins, examining the possible therapeutic consequences of these links
Published: 2006

37. Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV

Author: J. Anderson, George Lafferty, G. Alkhazov, Michael McCann, G. Tellarini, F. Kruse, T. Head, Mihai Straticiuc, M. Calvo Gomez, A. Palano, Tomasz Szumlak, M. Baalouch, R. Dzhelyadin, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, M. Hoballah, Davide Pinci, Z. Mathe, C. Thomas, D. Lambert, C. Parkes, Cristina Lazzeroni, Simone Bifani, J. Panman, Marc-Olivier Bettler, Nigel Watson, Oliver Grünberg, David Hutchcroft, Hans Dijkstra, D. Wiedner, E. Graverini, N. Farley, M. Szczekowski, S. Stracka, S. Cadeddu, Naylya Sagidova, Jing Wang, Nikolay Bondar, Niko Neufeld, S. Klaver, S. Leo, W. C. Zhang, S. Gallorini, Evgeny Gushchin, A. Romero Vidal, Francesca Dordei, Matteo Palutan, S. De Capua, M. Martinelli, Nikolay Nikitin, M. Grabalosa Gándara, S. Neubert, D. Hill, Sarah Karodia, X. Cid Vidal, T. M. Karbach, T. Bird, M. Firlej, L. L. Pappalardo, Franz Muheim, B. Rachwal, A. Comerma-Montells, Ulrik Egede, J. A. de Vries, O. Okhrimenko, G. Manca, Florin Maciuc, S. Ely, A. Pellegrino, Z. Xu, Stefania Vecchi, Marco Adinolfi, E. Cogneras, Jack Wimberley, J. D. Price, R. Oldeman, Tara Shears, Vitaly Vorobyev, Anton Poluektov, N. Torr, Paras Naik, Frederic Teubert, R. Andreassen, G. A. Cowan, Lars Eklund, M. Ferro-Luzzi, Sai-Juan Chen, S. Farry, Gianluigi Casse, Ziad Ajaltouni, E. Gersabeck, Laura Gavardi, P. M. Bjørnstad, D. Dossett, S. Donleavy, J. van Tilburg, Alexander Mazurov, Timothy Gershon, Stephane T'Jampens, D. Martinez Santos, Giacomo Graziani, B. Couturier, Michael Sokoloff, S. Stevenson, Flavio Fontanelli, I. Raniuk, Thomas Blake, Antonio Falabella, G. Krocker, F. Lionetto, A. Lupato, P. Ruiz Valls, Michael Kolpin, Olivier Leroy, W. Kanso, K. Carvalho Akiba, L. Giubega, T. Skwarnicki, Mauro Morandin, Lluis Garrido, Philip Ilten, Murilo Rangel, Alexander Leflat, K. Müller, E. Furfaro, D. Brett, A. Dzyuba, G. D. Patel, Alessio Sarti, C. J. Parkinson, S.-F. Cheung, Nicola Serra, G. Penso, D. Gascon, Alexander Semennikov, A. Vallier, A. D. Nguyen, B. Schmidt, A. Lai, M. De Cian, M. van Beuzekom, B. Gui, M. Frosini, A. Dosil Suárez, Barbara Storaci, B. Viaud, S. Gambetta, Marco Clemencic, Eddy Jans, Markus Frank, C. Satriano, C. Sanchez Mayordomo, Minh Tâm Tran, L. Cassina, A. C. dos Reis, K. Kurek, J. R. Smith, M. Andreotti, R. W. Lambert, Marie Helene Schune, Ramon Niet, Federico Alessio, A. Di Canto, R. Mountain, S. Belogurov, Albert Bursche, J. McCarthy, M. Kreps, T. Ruf, J. P. Lees, F. Ferreira Rodrigues, E. S. Smith, D. Tonelli, S. Reichert, S. Wright, W. Wislicki, Andrea Contu, Valery Pugatch, Ch. Elsasser, Karlis Dreimanis, P. Jaton, K. Belous, O. Aquines Gutierrez, Sergey Barsuk, H. Ruiz, M. Orlandea, Conor Fitzpatrick, Giovanni Carboni, A. Pistone, A. Gallas Torreira, Victor Coco, N. Jurik, C. Bozzi, C. Santamarina Rios, Domenico Galli, A. Vollhardt, M. Gandelman, X. Han, L. De Paula, Julien Cogan, M. Fiore, W. Sutcliffe, A. Popov, C. Nguyen-Mau, G. Wormser, Richard Jacobsson, R. Gauld, Darya Savrina, S. Gregson, K. Kreplin, Samuel Harnew, M. Liles, R. Lefèvre, Robert Currie, J. Todd, H. W. Wilschut, RF Fay, Carmelo D'Ambrosio, M. Stahl, Roger Forty, J. F. Marchand, H. Luo, Alexey Zhelezov, R. Vazquez Gomez, Leonid Kravchuk, M. Zangoli, A. Puig Navarro, G. Auriemma, Yang Gao, I. Polyakov, Alessandro Cardini, J. M. De Miranda, P. Lowdon, A. Oyanguren, C. Voß, L. Castillo Garcia, Agnieszka Dziurda, N. Moggi, F. Meier, Daniel Martin Saunders, Mark Smith, Gabriele Simi, Marta Calvi, A. Shires, A. Mapelli, A. McNab, D. Voong, Biagio Saitta, Francesco Polci, T. Nikodem, Giulio Dujany, Elie Aslanides, L. Tomassetti, R. Le Gac, D. Campora Perez, A. Massafferri, J. E. Andrews, J. Rouvinet, R. McNulty, M. Shapkin, J. M. Otalora Goicochea, I. Shapoval, Emanuele Santovetti, S. Lohn, Laurence Carson, R. Calabrese, Beat Jost, A. Davis, S. C. Haines, T. Fiutowski, P. David, V. N. La Thi, Frederic Machefert, Sheldon Stone, D. Souza, J. Buytaert, Zhenwei Yang, A. Cook, P. Szczypka, Jessica Prisciandaro, Sneha Malde, Yu. Guz, M. Plo Casasus, S. Oggero, D. Ferguson, A. Jawahery, S. Playfer, Paul Seyfert, Ivan Belyaev, M. Vieites Diaz, Victor Egorychev, S. Cunliffe, W. De Silva, M. N. Minard, Stefan Roiser, K. De Bruyn, J. Harrison, Lucio Anderlini, Oscar De Aguiar Francisco, D. Volyanskyy, Ch. Cauet, C. Potterat, R. Nandakumar, P. Fol, P. Marino, A. Artamonov, Yury Shcheglov, F. Sterpka, S. Perazzini, A. Schopper, Chitsanu Khurewathanakul, U. Straumann, M. Cruz Torres, Giovanni Veneziano, Stephen Ogilvy, Federico Stagni, A. Crocombe, Johannes Albrecht, Daniel Lacarrere, Timothy Evans, L. Sestini, Martino Borsato, R. Matev, Malcolm John, Dmitry Golubkov, V. Salustino Guimaraes, H. Brown, R. Lindner, Sergii Kandybei, M. Fiorini, F. Bedeschi, Guy Wilkinson, O. Steinkamp, C. J. G. Onderwater, S. Filippov, M. Dorigo, P. Durante, Angelo Geraci, Ph. Ghez, F. Soomro, Sebastian Bachmann, Dmitry Popov, G. Passaleva, S. Tourneur, Paolo Gandini, Alessandro Petrolini, A. Bien, Olivier Deschamps, Alessia Satta, Valerie Gibson, Max Neuner, Harry Cliff, Silvia Borghi, M. Tresch, Pavel Krokovny, A. Trisovic, Alexandru Grecu, B. Pietrzyk, A. A. Alves, C. Linn, Tatsuya Nakada, V. Obraztsov, Stephan Eisenhardt, Jose Lopes, V. Fernandez Albor, L. Beaucourt, M. Sirendi, S. Swientek, E. Tournefier, P. Tsopelas, Srikanth Sridharan, J. Marks, Thomas Latham, C. Patrignani, C. Gotti, M. Chefdeville, X. Yuan, Marcello Rotondo, Marianna Fontana, A. Gomes, L. A. Granado Cardoso, Matthew Kelsey, L. Sun, I. Komarov, Eugenia Price, Roberta Cardinale, Irina Nasteva, U. Uwer, L. Grillo, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, V. Tisserand, D. Lucchesi, Sajan Easo, Bernardo Adeva, D. Vieira, Hal Evans, Marcel Merk, Francesco Dettori, J. Maratas, M. Perrin-Terrin, A. Bertolin, N. H. Brook, Matthew Charles, S. Tolk, B. Rakotomiaramanana, V. Bocci, Pascal Perret, S. Amerio, S. Hall, O. Kochebina, P. Spradlin, Patrick Robbe, J. Dalseno, Roger Barlow, F. Redi, Christoph Langenbruch, David Websdale, F. Dupertuis, Wander Baldini, M. Idzik, C. Wallace, Roland Waldi, Artur Ukleja, Sandra Amato, M. Pappagallo, D. Decamp, A. Pritchard, G. Bencivenni, Jolanta Brodzicka, S. Blusk, Tatiana Likhomanenko, Ph. Charpentier, Sebastiana Gianì, Robert Appleby, D.P. O'Hanlon, S. Benson, W. Qian, S. Stoica, A. Carbone, Nicola Neri, Vincenzo Vagnoni, M. Mussini, Gregory Ciezarek, L. Del Buono, J. Benton, M. Ubeda Garcia, Lev Shekhtman, P. Sail, Denis Derkach, David Ward, A. Pearce, L. Pescatore, P. Griffith, Giovanni Valenti, Andrea Bizzeti, U. Gastaldi, Z. Xing, J. Serrano, P. De Simone, O. Yushchenko, B. Spaan, E. Pesen, A. Otto, J. A. Hernando Morata, P. Campana, Roel Aaij, Andrey Golutvin, B. Muster, Matteo Rama, U. Marconi, G. Martellotti, C. Gaspar, F. Martinez Vidal, M. J. Morello, Erica Polycarpo, Tjeerd Ketel, A. Martín Sánchez, S. Topp-Joergensen, I. Longstaff, I. El Rifai, D. A. Milanes, Giovanni Punzi, M. Deckenhoff, V. Heijne, J. Garra Tico, Christos Hadjivasiliou, J. J. Saborido Silva, Thierry Gys, T. D. Nguyen, V. Kudryavtsev, P. Rodriguez Perez, Jacques Lefrançois, Xavier Vilasis-Cardona, Yasmine Amhis, D. Hynds, T. Pilař, Marina Artuso, T. Lesiak, C. Vacca, R. Stroili, Marcin Chrzaszcz, S. Monteil, Guido Haefeli, H. Schindler, William Barter, Jaap Velthuis, Christopher Jones, A. B. Rodrigues, M. P. Williams, F. J. P. Soler, W. Kucewicz, Joel Closier, S. Ali, C. Matteuzzi, M. Coombes, E. Ben-Haim, A. Mordà, B. Popovici, N. Déléage, Ignacio Bediaga, Roland Bernet, E. Picatoste Olloqui, S. Wandernoth, J. Blouw, Anatoliy Dovbnya, R. Cenci, V. Batozskaya, Marcin Kucharczyk, A. Zhokhov, A. Badalov, Yanxi Zhang, F. Archilli, I. O. Skillicorn, J. He, K. Swientek, B. Leverington, Clarissa Baesso, Alexey Vorobyev, Gloria Corti, N. Rauschmayr, Eleonora Luppi, M. Pepe Altarelli, Marco Gersabeck, Ulrich Eitschberger, N. A. Smith, E. van Herwijnen, Giampiero Mancinelli, Vladimir Gligorov, M. Korolev, Yang Li, O. Stenyakin, B. Hamilton, A. Borgia, Alexander Berezhnoy, R. Wallace, B. Souza De Paula, L. Cojocariu, J. Molina Rodriguez, Oleg Maev, I. V. Machikhiliyan, S. A. Wotton, K. Petridis, Maulik R. Patel, Mikhail Zavertyaev, Christoph Frei, Rainer Schwemmer, B. X. Liu, John Back, Eduardo Rodrigues, V. Niess, C. Joram, Mika Vesterinen, N. Hussain, Violetta Cogoni, E. Grauges, C. Barschel, C. Hombach, Mark Richard James Williams, J. J. Walsh, Themistocles Bowcock, E. G. Thomas, S. Esen, Kurt Rinnert, Julian Wishahi, E. Greening, Patrick Koppenburg, Lei Zhang, A. Gianelle, A. Hicheur, J. Beddow, Michael Alexander, D. Martins Tostes, Tengiz Kvaratskheliya, Antonios Papanestis, N. Skidmore, Vasileios Syropoulos, Wouter Hulsbergen, T. Britton, Michael Schmelling, B. Sanmartin Sedes, Adalberto Sciubba, B. Khanji, M. Nicol, R. Märki, I. R. Kenyon, Christophe Haen, Barbara Sciascia, C. Farinelli, C. Marin Benito, Simon Akar, V. Romanovsky, Fergus Wilson, E. Bowen, Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha, A. Bay, Miriam Heß, V. Battista, V. Rives Molina, J. van Leerdam, G. Raven, Alexander Bondar, M. Tobin, T. Hampson, D. C. Craik, A. Malinin, Brian Meadows, B. K. Pal, A. Jaeger, P. Henrard, S. Ricciardi, Liupan An, J. Moron, J. Garofoli, F. F. Jing, F. Blanc, Niels Tuning, J. Fu, I. Counts, P. N. Y. David, J. García Pardiñas, P. Vazquez Regueiro, R. Silva Coutinho, Daniel Johnson, P. Morawski, Marco Cattaneo, W. Bonivento, H. L. Snoek, A. B. Morris, Yuehong Xie, L. Zhong, G. Collazuol, C. Göbel, Mark Whitehead, Semen Eidelman, Peter Clarke, Matthew Needham, B. McSkelly, R. F. Koopman, K. Klimaszewski, M. Teklishyn, P. Owen, C. Vázquez Sierra, Mariusz Witek, M. M. Reid, P. Alvarez Cartelle, M. Corvo, M. Schlupp, Jonas Rademacker, Stephen M. Stahl, O. Schneider, Matthias Karacson, Karol Hennessy, M. Meissner, R. Santacesaria, J. Jalocha, Gaia Lanfranchi, C. Prouve, P. Collins, L. Henry, F. Palombo, V.G. Shevchenko, Christian Färber, O. Lupton, R. Graciani Diaz, Neville Harnew, N. Chiapolini, I. Sepp, R. Casanova Mohr, Samuel Coquereau, Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer, A. Novoselov, Kenneth Wyllie, M. Wilkinson, Mariana Rihl, Robert Ekelhof, B. Langhans, S. Richards, M. Britsch, C. T. Dean, Manuel Schiller, A. A. Affolder, M. Veltri, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Aaij, R., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Affolder, A., Ajaitouni, Z., Akar, S., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Ali, S., Alkhazov, G., Cartelle, P. Alvarez, Alves, A. A., Amato, S., Amerio, S., Amhis, Y., An, L., Anderlini, L., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, M., Andrews, J. E., Appleby, R. B., Gutierrez, O. Aquine, Archilli, F., Artamonov, A., Artuso, M., Aslanides, E., Auriemma, G., Baalouch, M., Bachmann, S., Back, J. J., Badalov, A., Baesso, C., Baidini, W., Barschel, C., Barsuk, S., Barter, W., Batozskaya, V., Battista, V., Bay, A., Beaucourt, L., Beddow, J., Bedeschi, F., Bediaga, I., Belogurov, S., Belous, K., Belyaev, I., Ben Haim, E., Bencivenni, G., Benson, S., Benton, J., Berezhnoy, A., Bernet, R., Bertolin, A., Bettler, M. O., van Beuzekom, M., Bien, A., Bifani, S., Bird, T., Bizzeti, A., Bjornstad, P. M., Blake, T., Blanc, F., Blouw, J., Blusk, S., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bondar, N., Bonivento, W., Borghi, S., Borgia, A., Borsato, M., Bowcock, T. J. V., Bowen, E., Bozzi, C., Brett, D., Britsch, M., Britton, T., Brodzicka, J., Brook, N. H., Brown, H., Bursche, A., Buytaert, J., Cadeddu, S., Calabrese, R., Calvi, M., Gomez, M. Calvo, Campana, P., Perez, D. Campora, Carbone, A., Carboni, G., Cardinale, H., Cardini, A., Carson, L., Akiba, K. Carvalho, Mohr, R. C. M. Casanova, Casse, G., Cassina, L., Garcia, L. Castillo, Cattaneo, M., Cauet, C. h., Cenci, Riccardo, Charles, M., Charpentier, P. h., Chefdeville, M., Chen, S., Cheung, S. F, Chiapolini, N., Chrzaszcz, M., Vidal, X. Cid, Ciezarek, G., Clarke, P. E. L., Clemencic, M., Cliff, H. V., Closier, J., Coco, V., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Cogoni, V., Cojocariu, L., Collazuol, G., Collins, P., Comerma Montells, A., Contu, A., Cook, A., Coombes, M., Coquereau, S., Corti, G., Corvo, N. i., Counts, I., Couturier, B., Cowan, G. A., Craik, D. C., Crocombe, A. C., Torres, M. Cruz, Cunliffe, S., Currie, R., D'Ambrosio, C., Dalseno, J., David, P., David, P. N. Y., Davis, A., De Bruyn, K., De Capua, S., De Cian, N. i., De Miranda, J. M., Paula, L. De, Silva, W. De, De Simone, P., Dean, C. T, Decamp, D., Deckenhoff, M., Del Buono, L., Deleage, N., Derkach, D., Deschamps, O., Dettori, F., Di Canto, A., Dijkstra, H., Donleavy, S., Dordei, F., Dorigo, M., Suarez, A. Dosil, Dossett, D., Dovbnya, A., Dreimanis, K., Dujany, G., Dupertuis, F., Durante, P., Dzhelyadin, R., Dziurda, A., Dzyuba, A., Easo, S., Egede, U., Egorychev, V., Eidelman, S., Eisenhardt, S., Eitschberger, U., Ekelhof, R., Eklund, L., El Rifai, I., Elsasser, C. h., Ely, S., Esen, S., Evans, H. M., Evans, T., Falabella, A., Faerber, C., Farinelli, C., Farley, N., Farry, S., Fay, R., Ferguson, D., Albor, V. Fernandez, Rodrigues, F. Ferreira, Ferro Luzzi, M., Filippov, S., Fiore, M., Fiorini, M., Firlej, M., Fitzpatrick, C., Fiutowski, T., Fol, P., Fontana, M., Fontanelli, F., Forty, R., Francisco, O., Frank, M., Frei, C., Frosini, M., Fu, J., Furfaro, E., Torreira, A. Galla, Galli, D., Gallorini, S., Gambetta, S., Gandelman, M., Gandini, P., Gao, Y., Pardinas, J. Garcia, Garofoli, J., Tico, J. Garra, Garrido, L., Gascon, D., Gaspar, C., Gastaldi, U., Gauld, R., Gavardi, L., Geraci, A., Gersabeck, E., Gersabeck, M., Gershon, T., Ghez, P. h., Gianelle, A., Giani, S., Gibson, V., Giubega, L., Gligorov, V. V., Goebel, C., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gomes, A., Gotti, C., Gandara, M. Grabalosa, Diaz, H. Graciani, Cardoso, L. A. Granado, Grauges, E., Graverini, E., Graziani, G., Grecu, A., Greening, E., Gregson, S., Griffith, P., Grillo, L., Gruenberg, O., Gui, B., Gushchin, E., Guz, Y. u., Gys, T., Hadjivasiliou, C., Haefeli, G., Haen, C., Haines, S. C., Hall, S., Hamilton, B., Hampson, T., Han, X., Hansmartn Menzerner, S., Harnew, N., Harnew, S. T., Harrison, J., He, J., Head, T., Heijne, V., Hennessy, K., Henrard, P., Henry, L., Morata, J. A. Hernando, van Herwijnen, E., Hess, M., Hicheur, A., Hill, D., Hoballah, M., Hombach, C., Hulsbergen, W., Hussain, N., Hutchcroft, D., Hynds, D., Idzik, M., Ilten, P., Jacobsson, R., Jaeger, A., Jalocha, J., Jans, E., Jaton, P., Jawahery, A., Jing, F., John, M., Johnson, D., Jones, C. R., Joram, C., Jost, B., Jurik, N., Kandybei, S., Kanso, W., Karacson, M., Karbach, T. M., Karodia, S., Kelsey, M., Kenyon, I. R., Ketel, T., Khanji, B., Khurewalthanakul, C., Klaver, S., Klimaszewski, K., Kochebina, O., Kolpin, M., Komarov, I., Koopman, R. F., Koppenburg, P., Korolev, M., Kravchuk, L., Kreplin, K., Kreps, N. i., Krocker, G., Krokovny, P., Kruse, F., Kucewicz, W., Kucharczyk, N. i., Kudryavtsev, V., Kurek, K., Kvaratskheliya, T., La Thi, V. N., Lacarrere, D., Lafferty, G., Lai, A., Lambert, D., Lambert, R. W., Lanfranchi, G., Langenbruch, C., Langhans, B., Latham, T. ., Lazzeroni, C., Le Gac, R., van Leerdam, J., Lees, J. P., Lefevre, R., Leflat, A., Lefrancois, J., Leo, S., Leroy, O., Lesiak, T., Leverington, B., Li, Y., Likhomanenko, T., Liles, M., Lindner, R., Linn, C., Lionetto, F., Liu, B., Lohn, S., Longstaff, I., Lopes, J. H., Lowdon, P., Lucchesi, D., Luo, H., Lupato, A., Luppi, E., Lupton, O., Machefert, F., Machikhiliyan, I. V., Maciuc, F., Maev, O., Malde, S., Malinin, A., Manca, G., Mancinelli, G., Mapelli, A., Maratas, J., Marchand, J. F., Marconi, U., Benito, C. Marin, Marino, Pietro, Maerki, R., Marks, J., Martellotti, G., Sanchez, A. Martin, Martinelli, M., Santos, D. Martinez, Vidal, F. Martinez, Tostes, D. Martin, Massafterri, A., Matev, R., Mathe, Z., Matteuzzi, C., Mazurov, A., Mccann, M., Mccarthy, J., Mcnab, A., Mcnulty, R., Mcskelly, B., Meadows, B., Meier, F., Meissner, M., Merk, M., Milanes, D. A., Minard, M. N., Moggi, N., Rodriguez, J. Molina, Monteil, S., Morandin, N. i., Morawski, P., Morda, A., Morello, MICHAEL JOSEPH, Moron, J., Morris, A. B., Mountain, R., Muheim, F., Mueller, K., Mussini, N. i., Muster, B., Naik, P., Nakada, T., Nandakumar, R., Nasteva, I., Needham, M., Neri, N., Neubert, S., Neufeld, N., Neuner, M., Nguyen, A. D., Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen Mau, C., Nicol, M., Niess, V., Niet, R., Nikitin, N., Nikodem, T., Novoselov, A., O'Hanlon, D. P., Oblakowska Mucha, A., Obraztsov, V., Oggero, S., Ogilvy, S., Okhrimenko, O., Oldeman, R., Onderwater, C. J. G., Orlandea, N. i., Goicochea, J. M. Otalora, Otto, A., Owen, P., Oyanguren, A., Pal, B. K., Palano, A., Palombo, F., Palutan, M., Panman, J., Papanestis, A., Pappagallo, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Parkes, C., Parkinson, C. J., Passaleva, G., Patel, G. D., Patel, M., Patrignani, C., Pearce, A., Pellegrino, A., Penso, G., Altarelli, N. i. Pepe, Perazzini, S., Perret, P., Perrin Terrin, M., Pescatore, L., Pesen, E., Petridis, K., Petrolini, A., Olloqui, E. Picatoste, Pietrzyk, B., Pilar, T., Pinci, D., Pistone, A., Playfer, S., Casasus, M. Plo, Polci, F., Poluektov, A., Polyakov, I., Polycarpo, E., Popov, A., Popov, D., Popovici, B., Potterat, C., Price, E., Price, J. D., Prisciandaro, J., Pritchard, A., Prouve, C., Pugatch, V., Navarro, A. Puig, Punzi, G., Qian, W., Rachwal, B., Radernacker, J. H., Rakotomiaramanana, B., Rama, M., Rangel, M. S., Raniuk, I., Rauschmayr, N., Raven, G., Redi, F., Reichert, S., Reid, M. M., dos Reis, A. C., Ricciardi, S., Richards, S., Rihl, M., Rinnert, K., Molina, V. Rive, Robbe, P., Rodrigues, A. B., Rodrigues, E., Perez, P. Rodriguez, Roiser, S., Romanovsky, V., Vidal, A. Romero, Rotondo, M., Rouvinet, J., Ruf, T., Ruiz, H., Valls, P. Ruiz, Silva, J. J. Saborido, Sagidova, N., Sail, P., Saitta, B., Guimaraes, V. Salustino, Mayordomo, C. Sanchez, Sedes, B. Sanmartin, Santacesaria, R., Rios, C. Santamarina, Santovetti, E., Sarti, A., Satriano, C., Satta, A., Saunders, D. M., Savrina, D., Schiller, M., Schindler, H., Schulupp, M., Schmelling, N. i., Schmidt, B., Schneider, O., Schopper, A., Schune, M. H., Schwemmer, R., Sciascia, B., Sciubba, A., Semennikov, A., Sepp, I., Serra, N., Serrano, J., Sestini, L., Seyfert, P., Shapkin, M., Shapoval, I., Shcheglov, Y., Shears, T., Shekhtman, I. ., Shevchenko, V., Shires, A., Coutinho, R. Silva, Simi, G., Sirendi, M., Skidmore, N., Skillicorn, I., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, N. A., Smith, E., Smith, J., Smith, M., Snock, H., Sokoloff, M. D., Soler, F. J. P., Soomro, F., Souza, D., De Paula, B. Souza, Spaan, B., Spradlin, P., Sridharan, S., Stagni, F., Stahl, M., Stahl, S., Steinkamp, O., Stenyakin, O., Sterpka, F., Stevenson, S., Stoica, S., Stone, S., Storaci, B., Stracka, S., Straticiuc, M., Straumann, U., Stroili, R., Sun, L., Sutcliffe, W., Swientek, K., Swientek, S., Syropoulos, V., Szczekowski, M., Szczypka, P., Szuralak, T., T'Jampens, S., Teklishyn, M., Tellarini, G., Teubert, F., Thomas, C., Thomas, E., van Tilburg, J., Tisserand, V., Tobin, M., Todd, J., Tolk, S., Tomassetti, L., Tonelli, D., Topp Joergensen, S., Torr, N., Tournefier, E., Tourneur, S., Tran, M. T., Tresch, M., Trisovic, A., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsopelas, P., Tuning, N., Garcia, M. Ubeda, Ukleja, A., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uwer, U., Vacca, C., Vagnoni, V., Valenti, G., Vallier, A., Gomez, R. Vazquez, Regueiro, P. Vazquez, Sierra, C. Vazquez, Vecchi, S., Velthuis, J. J., Veltri, M., Veneziano, G., Vesterinen, M., Viaud, B., Vieira, D., Diaz, M. Vieite, Vilasis Cardona, X., Vollhardt, A., Volvanskyy, D., Voong, D., Vorobyev, A., Vorobvev, V., Voss, C., de Vries, J. A., Waldi, R., Wallace, C., Wallace, R., Walsh, J., Wandernoth, S., Wang, J., Ward, D. R., Watson, N. K., Websdale, D., Whitehead, M., Wiedner, D., Wilkinson, G., Wilkinson, M., Williams, M. P., Williams, M., Wilschut, H. W., Wilson, F. F., Wimberley, J., Wishahi, J., Wislicki, W., Witek, M., Wormser, G., Wotton, S. A., Wright, S., Wyllie, K., Xie, Y., Xing, Z., Xu, Z., Yang, Z., Yuan, X., Yushchenko, O., Zangoli, M., Zavertyaev, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, W. C., Zhang, Y., Zhelezov, A., Zhokhov, A., Zhong, L., National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LHCb, (Astro)-Particles Physics, The LHCb collaboration, N, Aaij, R, Adeva, B, Adinolfi, M, Affolder, A, Ajaltouni, Z, Akar, S, Albrecht, J, Alessio, F, Alexander, M, Ali, S, Alkhazov, G, Alvarez Cartelle, P, Alves, A, Amato, S, Amerio, S, Amhis, Y, An, L, Anderlini, L, Anderson, J, Andreassen, R, Andreotti, M, Andrews, J, Appleby, R, Aquines Gutierrez, O, Archilli, F, Artamonov, A, Artuso, M, Aslanides, E, Auriemma, G, Baalouch, M, Bachmann, S, Back, J, Badalov, A, Baesso, C, Baldini, W, Barlow, R, Barschel, C, Barsuk, S, Barter, W, Batozskaya, V, Battista, V, Bay, A, Beaucourt, L, Beddow, J, Bedeschi, F, Bediaga, I, Belogurov, S, Belous, K, Belyaev, I, Ben Haim, E, Bencivenni, G, Benson, S, Benton, J, Berezhnoy, A, Bernet, R, Bertolin, A, Bettler, M, van Beuzekom, M, Bien, A, Bifani, S, Bird, T, Bizzeti, A, Bjørnstad, P, Blake, T, Blanc, F, Blouw, J, Blusk, S, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bondar, N, Bonivento, W, Borghi, S, Borgia, A, Borsato, M, Bowcock, T, Bowen, E, Bozzi, C, Brett, D, Britsch, M, Britton, T, Brodzicka, J, Brook, N, Brown, H, Bursche, A, Buytaert, J, Cadeddu, S, Calabrese, R, Calvi, M, Calvo Gomez, M, Campana, P, Campora Perez, D, Carbone, A, Carboni, G, Cardinale, R, Cardini, A, Carson, L, Carvalho Akiba, K, Casanova Mohr, R, Casse, G, Cassina, L, Castillo Garcia, L, Cattaneo, M, Cauet, C, Cenci, R, Charles, M, Charpentier, P, Chefdeville, M, Chen, S, Cheung, S, Chiapolini, N, Chrzaszcz, M, Cid Vidal, X, Ciezarek, G, Clarke, P, Clemencic, M, Cliff, H, Closier, J, Coco, V, Cogan, J, Cogneras, E, Cogoni, V, Cojocariu, L, Collazuol, G, Collins, P, Comerma Montells, A, Contu, A, Cook, A, Coombes, M, Coquereau, S, Corti, G, Corvo, M, Counts, I, Couturier, B, Cowan, G, Craik, D, Crocombe, A, Cruz Torres, M, Cunliffe, S, Currie, R, D’Ambrosio, C, Dalseno, J, David, P, Davis, A, De Bruyn, K, De Capua, S, De Cian, M, De Miranda, J, De Paula, L, De Silva, W, De Simone, P, Dean, C, Decamp, D, Deckenhoff, M, Del Buono, L, Déléage, N, Derkach, D, Deschamps, O, Dettori, F, Di Canto, A, Dijkstra, H, Donleavy, S, Dordei, F, Dorigo, M, Dosil Suárez, A, Dossett, D, Dovbnya, A, Dreimanis, K, Dujany, G, Dupertuis, F, Durante, P, Dzhelyadin, R, Dziurda, A, Dzyuba, A, Easo, S, Egede, U, Egorychev, V, Eidelman, S, Eisenhardt, S, Eitschberger, U, Ekelhof, R, Eklund, L, El Rifai, I, Elsasser, C, Ely, S, Esen, S, Evans, H, Evans, T, Falabella, A, Färber, C, Farinelli, C, Farley, N, Farry, S, Fay, R, Ferguson, D, Fernandez Albor, V, Ferreira Rodrigues, F, Ferro Luzzi, M, Filippov, S, Fiore, M, Fiorini, M, Firlej, M, Fitzpatrick, C, Fiutowski, T, Fol, P, Fontana, M, Fontanelli, F, Forty, R, Francisco, O, Frank, M, Frei, C, Frosini, M, Fu, J, Furfaro, E, Gallas Torreira, A, Galli, D, Gallorini, S, Gambetta, S, Gandelman, M, Gandini, P, Gao, Y, García Pardiñas, J, Garofoli, J, Garra Tico, J, Garrido, L, Gascon, D, Gaspar, C, Gastaldi, U, Gauld, R, Gavardi, L, Geraci, A, Gersabeck, E, Gersabeck, M, Gershon, T, Ghez, P, Gianelle, A, Gianì, S, Gibson, V, Giubega, L, Gligorov, V, Göbel, C, Golubkov, D, Golutvin, A, Gomes, A, Gotti, C, Grabalosa Gándara, M, Graciani Diaz, R, Granado Cardoso, L, Graugés, E, Graverini, E, Graziani, G, Grecu, A, Greening, E, Gregson, S, Griffith, P, Grillo, L, Grünberg, O, Gui, B, Gushchin, E, Guz, Y, Gys, T, Hadjivasiliou, C, Haefeli, G, Haen, C, Haines, S, Hall, S, Hamilton, B, Hampson, T, Han, X, Hansmann Menzemer, S, Harnew, N, Harnew, S, Harrison, J, He, J, Head, T, Heijne, V, Hennessy, K, Henrard, P, Henry, L, Hernando Morata, J, van Herwijnen, E, Heß, M, Hicheur, A, Hill, D, Hoballah, M, Hombach, C, Hulsbergen, W, Hussain, N, Hutchcroft, D, Hynds, D, Idzik, M, Ilten, P, Jacobsson, R, Jaeger, A, Jalocha, J, Jans, E, Jaton, P, Jawahery, A, Jing, F, John, M, Johnson, D, Jones, C, Joram, C, Jost, B, Jurik, N, Kandybei, S, Kanso, W, Karacson, M, Karbach, T, Karodia, S, Kelsey, M, Kenyon, I, Ketel, T, Khanji, B, Khurewathanakul, C, Klaver, S, Klimaszewski, K, Kochebina, O, Kolpin, M, Komarov, I, Koopman, R, Koppenburg, P, Korolev, M, Kravchuk, L, Kreplin, K, Kreps, M, Krocker, G, Krokovny, P, Kruse, F, Kucewicz, W, Kucharczyk, M, Kudryavtsev, V, Kurek, K, Kvaratskheliya, T, La Thi, V, Lacarrere, D, Lafferty, G, Lai, A, Lambert, D, Lambert, R, Lanfranchi, G, Langenbruch, C, Langhans, B, Latham, T, Lazzeroni, C, Le Gac, R, van Leerdam, J, Lees, J, Lefèvre, R, Leflat, A, Lefrançois, J, Leo, S, Leroy, O, Lesiak, T, Leverington, B, Li, Y, Likhomanenko, T, Liles, M, Lindner, R, Linn, C, Lionetto, F, Liu, B, Lohn, S, Longstaff, I, Lopes, J, Lowdon, P, Lucchesi, D, Luo, H, Lupato, A, Luppi, E, Lupton, O, Machefert, F, Machikhiliyan, I, Maciuc, F, Maev, O, Malde, S, Malinin, A, Manca, G, Mancinelli, G, Mapelli, A, Maratas, J, Marchand, J, Marconi, U, Marin Benito, C, Marino, P, Märki, R, Marks, J, Martellotti, G, Martín Sánchez, A, Martinelli, M, Martinez Santos, D, Martinez Vidal, F, Martins Tostes, D, Massafferri, A, Matev, R, Mathe, Z, Matteuzzi, C, Mazurov, A, Mccann, M, Mccarthy, J, Mcnab, A, Mcnulty, R, Mcskelly, B, Meadows, B, Meier, F, Meissner, M, Merk, M, Milanes, D, Minard, M, Moggi, N, Molina Rodriguez, J, Monteil, S, Morandin, M, Morawski, P, Mordà, A, Morello, M, Moron, J, Morris, A, Mountain, R, Muheim, F, Müller, K, Mussini, M, Muster, B, Naik, P, Nakada, T, Nandakumar, R, Nasteva, I, Needham, M, Neri, N, Neubert, S, Neufeld, N, Neuner, M, Nguyen, A, Nguyen, T, Nguyen Mau, C, Nicol, M, Niess, V, Niet, R, Nikitin, N, Nikodem, T, Novoselov, A, O’Hanlon, D, Oblakowska Mucha, A, Obraztsov, V, Oggero, S, Ogilvy, S, Okhrimenko, O, Oldeman, R, Onderwater, C, Orlandea, M, Otalora Goicochea, J, Otto, A, Owen, P, Oyanguren, A, Pal, B, Palano, A, Palombo, F, Palutan, M, Panman, J, Papanestis, A, Pappagallo, M, Pappalardo, L, Parkes, C, Parkinson, C, Passaleva, G, Patel, G, Patel, M, Patrignani, C, Pearce, A, Pellegrino, A, Penso, G, Pepe Altarelli, M, Perazzini, S, Perret, P, Perrin Terrin, M, Pescatore, L, Pesen, E, Petridis, K, Petrolini, A, Picatoste Olloqui, E, Pietrzyk, B, Pilař, T, Pinci, D, Pistone, A, Playfer, S, Plo Casasus, M, Polci, F, Poluektov, A, Polyakov, I, Polycarpo, E, Popov, A, Popov, D, Popovici, B, Potterat, C, Price, E, Price, J, Prisciandaro, J, Pritchard, A, Prouve, C, Pugatch, V, Puig Navarro, A, Punzi, G, Qian, W, Rachwal, B, Rademacker, J, Rakotomiaramanana, B, Rama, M, Rangel, M, Raniuk, I, Rauschmayr, N, Raven, G, Redi, F, Reichert, S, Reid, M, dos Reis, A, Ricciardi, S, Richards, S, Rihl, M, Rinnert, K, Rives Molina, V, Robbe, P, Rodrigues, A, Rodrigues, E, Rodriguez Perez, P, Roiser, S, Romanovsky, V, Romero Vidal, A, Rotondo, M, Rouvinet, J, Ruf, T, Ruiz, H, Ruiz Valls, P, Saborido Silva, J, Sagidova, N, Sail, P, Saitta, B, Salustino Guimaraes, V, Sanchez Mayordomo, C, Sanmartin Sedes, B, Santacesaria, R, Santamarina Rios, C, Santovetti, E, Sarti, A, Satriano, C, Satta, A, Saunders, D, Savrina, D, Schiller, M, Schindler, H, Schlupp, M, Schmelling, M, Schmidt, B, Schneider, O, Schopper, A, Schune, M, Schwemmer, R, Sciascia, B, Sciubba, A, Semennikov, A, Sepp, I, Serra, N, Serrano, J, Sestini, L, Seyfert, P, Shapkin, M, Shapoval, I, Shcheglov, Y, Shears, T, Shekhtman, L, Shevchenko, V, Shires, A, Silva Coutinho, R, Simi, G, Sirendi, M, Skidmore, N, Skillicorn, I, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, N, Smith, E, Smith, J, Smith, M, Snoek, H, Sokoloff, M, Soler, F, Soomro, F, Souza, D, Souza De Paula, B, Spaan, B, Spradlin, P, Sridharan, S, Stagni, F, Stahl, M, Stahl, S, Steinkamp, O, Stenyakin, O, Sterpka, F, Stevenson, S, Stoica, S, Stone, S, Storaci, B, Stracka, S, Straticiuc, M, Straumann, U, Stroili, R, Sun, L, Sutcliffe, W, Swientek, K, Swientek, S, Syropoulos, V, Szczekowski, M, Szczypka, P, Szumlak, T, T’Jampens, S, Teklishyn, M, Tellarini, G, Teubert, F, Thomas, C, Thomas, E, van Tilburg, J, Tisserand, V, Tobin, M, Todd, J, Tolk, S, Tomassetti, L, Tonelli, D, Topp Joergensen, S, Torr, N, Tournefier, E, Tourneur, S, Tran, M, Tresch, M, Trisovic, A, Tsaregorodtsev, A, Tsopelas, P, Tuning, N, Ubeda Garcia, M, Ukleja, A, Ustyuzhanin, A, Uwer, U, Vacca, C, Vagnoni, V, Valenti, G, Vallier, A, Vazquez Gomez, R, Vazquez Regueiro, P, Vázquez Sierra, C, Vecchi, S, Velthuis, J, Veltri, M, Veneziano, G, Vesterinen, M, Viaud, B, Vieira, D, Vieites Diaz, M, Vilasis Cardona, X, Vollhardt, A, Volyanskyy, D, Voong, D, Vorobyev, A, Vorobyev, V, Voß, C, de Vries, J, Waldi, R, Wallace, C, Wallace, R, Walsh, J, Wandernoth, S, Wang, J, Ward, D, Watson, N, Websdale, D, Whitehead, M, Wiedner, D, Wilkinson, G, Wilkinson, M, Williams, M, Wilschut, H, Wilson, F, Wimberley, J, Wishahi, J, Wislicki, W, Witek, M, Wormser, G, Wotton, S, Wright, S, Wyllie, K, Xie, Y, Xing, Z, Xu, Z, Yang, Z, Yuan, X, Yushchenko, O, Zangoli, M, Zavertyaev, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhelezov, A, Zhokhov, A, Zhong, L, Precision Frontier, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Counts, Ian Thomas Hunt, Ilten, Philip James, Williams, Michael, R. Aaij, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, A. Affolder, Z. Ajaltouni, S. Akar, J. Albrecht, F. Alessio, M. Alexander, S. Ali, G. Alkhazov, P. Alvarez Cartelle, A. A. Alves Jr., S. Amato, S. Amerio, Y. Amhi, L. An, L. Anderlini, J. Anderson, R. Andreassen, M. Andreotti, J. E. Andrew, R. B. Appleby, O. Aquines Gutierrez, F. Archilli, A. Artamonov, M. Artuso, E. Aslanide, G. Auriemma, M. Baalouch, S. Bachmann, J. J. Back, A. Badalov, C. Baesso, W. Baldini, R. J. Barlow, C. Barschel, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, V. Batozskaya, V. Battista, A. Bay, L. Beaucourt, J. Beddow, F. Bedeschi, I. Bediaga, S. Belogurov, K. Belou, I. Belyaev, E. Ben-Haim, G. Bencivenni, S. Benson, J. Benton, A. Berezhnoy, R. Bernet, A. Bertolin, M.-O. Bettler, M. van Beuzekom, A. Bien, S. Bifani, T. Bird, A. Bizzeti, P. M. Bjørnstad, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J. Blouw, S. Blusk, V. Bocci, A. Bondar, N. Bondar, W. Bonivento, S. Borghi, A. Borgia, M. Borsato, T. J. V. Bowcock, E. Bowen, C. Bozzi, D. Brett, M. Britsch, T. Britton, J. Brodzicka, N. H. Brook, H. Brown, A. Bursche, J. Buytaert, S. Cadeddu, R. Calabrese, M. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, P. Campana, D. Campora Perez, A. Carbone, G. Carboni, R. Cardinale, A. Cardini, L. Carson, K. Carvalho Akiba, R. C. M. Casanova Mohr, G. Casse, L. Cassina, L. Castillo Garcia, M. Cattaneo, Ch. Cauet, R. Cenci, M. Charle, Ph. Charpentier, M. Chefdeville, S. Chen, S.-F. Cheung, N. Chiapolini, M. Chrzaszcz, X. Cid Vidal, G. Ciezarek, P. E. L. Clarke, M. Clemencic, H. V. Cliff, J. Closier, V. Coco, J. Cogan, E. Cognera, V. Cogoni, L. Cojocariu, G. Collazuol, P. Collin, A. Comerma-Montell, A. Contu, A. Cook, M. Coombe, S. Coquereau, G. Corti, M. Corvo, I. Count, B. Couturier, G. A. Cowan, D. C. Craik, A. C. Crocombe, M. Cruz Torre, S. Cunliffe, R. Currie, C. D’Ambrosio, J. Dalseno, P. David, P. N. Y. David, A. Davi, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, J. M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, W. De Silva, P. De Simone, C.-T. Dean, D. Decamp, M. Deckenhoff, L. Del Buono, N. Déléage, D. Derkach, O. Deschamp, F. Dettori, A. Di Canto, H. Dijkstra, S. Donleavy, F. Dordei, M. Dorigo, A. Dosil Suárez, D. Dossett, A. Dovbnya, K. Dreimani, G. Dujany, F. Dupertui, P. Durante, R. Dzhelyadin, A. Dziurda, A. Dzyuba, S. Easo, U. Egede, V. Egorychev, S. Eidelman, S. Eisenhardt, U. Eitschberger, R. Ekelhof, L. Eklund, I. El Rifai, Ch. Elsasser, S. Ely, S. Esen, H. M. Evan, T. Evan, A. Falabella, C. Färber, C. Farinelli, N. Farley, S. Farry, R. Fay, D. Ferguson, V. Fernandez Albor, F. Ferreira Rodrigue, M. Ferro-Luzzi, S. Filippov, M. Fiore, M. Fiorini, M. Firlej, C. Fitzpatrick, T. Fiutowski, P. Fol, M. Fontana, F. Fontanelli, R. Forty, O. Francisco, M. Frank, C. Frei, M. Frosini, J. Fu, E. Furfaro, A. Gallas Torreira, D. Galli, S. Gallorini, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, P. Gandini, Y. Gao, J. García Pardiña, J. Garofoli, J. Garra Tico, L. Garrido, D. Gascon, C. Gaspar, U. Gastaldi, R. Gauld, L. Gavardi, A. Geraci, E. Gersabeck, M. Gersabeck, T. Gershon, Ph. Ghez, A. Gianelle, S. Gianì, V. Gibson, L. Giubega, V. V. Gligorov, C. Göbel, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, A. Gome, C. Gotti, M. Grabalosa Gándara, R. Graciani Diaz, L. A. Granado Cardoso, E. Graugé, E. Graverini, G. Graziani, A. Grecu, E. Greening, S. Gregson, P. Griffith, L. Grillo, O. Grünberg, B. Gui, E. Gushchin, Yu. Guz, T. Gy, C. Hadjivasiliou, G. Haefeli, C. Haen, S. C. Haine, S. Hall, B. Hamilton, T. Hampson, X. Han, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, N. Harnew, S. T. Harnew, J. Harrison, J. He, T. Head, V. Heijne, K. Hennessy, P. Henrard, L. Henry, J. A. Hernando Morata, E. van Herwijnen, M. Heß, A. Hicheur, D. Hill, M. Hoballah, C. Hombach, W. Hulsbergen, N. Hussain, D. Hutchcroft, D. Hynd, M. Idzik, P. Ilten, R. Jacobsson, A. Jaeger, J. Jalocha, E. Jan, P. Jaton, A. Jawahery, F. Jing, M. John, D. Johnson, C. R. Jone, C. Joram, B. Jost, N. Jurik, S. Kandybei, W. Kanso, M. Karacson, T. M. Karbach, S. Karodia, M. Kelsey, I. R. Kenyon, T. Ketel, B. Khanji, C. Khurewathanakul, S. Klaver, K. Klimaszewski, O. Kochebina, M. Kolpin, I. Komarov, R. F. Koopman, P. Koppenburg, M. Korolev, L. Kravchuk, K. Kreplin, M. Krep, G. Krocker, P. Krokovny, F. Kruse, W. Kucewicz, M. Kucharczyk, V. Kudryavtsev, K. Kurek, T. Kvaratskheliya, V. N. La Thi, D. Lacarrere, G. Lafferty, A. Lai, D. Lambert, R. W. Lambert, G. Lanfranchi, C. Langenbruch, B. Langhan, T. Latham, C. Lazzeroni, R. Le Gac, J. van Leerdam, J.-P. Lee, R. Lefèvre, A. Leflat, J. Lefrançoi, S. Leo, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, B. Leverington, Y. Li, T. Likhomanenko, M. Lile, R. Lindner, C. Linn, F. Lionetto, B. Liu, S. Lohn, I. Longstaff, J. H. Lope, P. Lowdon, D. Lucchesi, H. Luo, A. Lupato, E. Luppi, O. Lupton, F. Machefert, I. V. Machikhiliyan, F. Maciuc, O. Maev, S. Malde, A. Malinin, G. Manca, G. Mancinelli, A. Mapelli, J. Marata, J. F. Marchand, U. Marconi, C. Marin Benito, P. Marino, R. Märki, J. Mark, G. Martellotti, A. Martín Sánchez, M. Martinelli, D. Martinez Santo, F. Martinez Vidal, D. Martins Toste, A. Massafferri, R. Matev, Z. Mathe, C. Matteuzzi, A. Mazurov, M. McCann, J. McCarthy, A. McNab, R. McNulty, B. McSkelly, B. Meadow, F. Meier, M. Meissner, M. Merk, D. A. Milane, M.-N. Minard, N. Moggi, J. Molina Rodriguez, S. Monteil, M. Morandin, P. Morawski, A. Mordà, M. J. Morello, J. Moron, A.-B. Morri, R. Mountain, F. Muheim, K. Müller, M. Mussini, B. Muster, P. Naik, T. Nakada, R. Nandakumar, I. Nasteva, M. Needham, N. Neri, S. Neubert, N. Neufeld, M. Neuner, A. D. Nguyen, T. D. Nguyen, C. Nguyen-Mau, M. Nicol, V. Nie, R. Niet, N. Nikitin, T. Nikodem, A. Novoselov, D. P. O’Hanlon, A. Oblakowska-Mucha, V. Obraztsov, S. Oggero, S. Ogilvy, O. Okhrimenko, R. Oldeman, C. J. G. Onderwater, M. Orlandea, J. M. Otalora Goicochea, A. Otto, P. Owen, A. Oyanguren, B. K. Pal, A. Palano, F. Palombo, M. Palutan, J. Panman, A. Papanesti, M. Pappagallo, L. L. Pappalardo, C. Parke, C. J. Parkinson, G. Passaleva, G. D. Patel, M. Patel, C. Patrignani, A. Pearce, A. Pellegrino, G. Penso, M. Pepe Altarelli, S. Perazzini, P. Perret, M. Perrin-Terrin, L. Pescatore, E. Pesen, K. Petridi, A. Petrolini, E. Picatoste Olloqui, B. Pietrzyk, T. Pilař, D. Pinci, A. Pistone, S. Playfer, M. Plo Casasu, F. Polci, A. Poluektov, I. Polyakov, E. Polycarpo, A. Popov, D. Popov, B. Popovici, C. Potterat, E. Price, J. D. Price, J. Prisciandaro, A. Pritchard, C. Prouve, V. Pugatch, A. Puig Navarro, G. Punzi, W. Qian, B. Rachwal, J. H. Rademacker, B. Rakotomiaramanana, M. Rama, M. S. Rangel, I. Raniuk, N. Rauschmayr, G. Raven, F. Redi, S. Reichert, M. M. Reid, A. C. dos Rei, S. Ricciardi, S. Richard, M. Rihl, K. Rinnert, V. Rives Molina, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigue, E. Rodrigue, P. Rodriguez Perez, S. Roiser, V. Romanovsky, A. Romero Vidal, M. Rotondo, J. Rouvinet, T. Ruf, H. Ruiz, P. Ruiz Vall, J. J. Saborido Silva, N. Sagidova, P. Sail, B. Saitta, V. Salustino Guimarae, C. Sanchez Mayordomo, B. Sanmartin Sede, R. Santacesaria, C. Santamarina Rio, E. Santovetti, A. Sarti, C. Satriano, A. Satta, D. M. Saunder, D. Savrina, M. Schiller, H. Schindler, M. Schlupp, M. Schmelling, B. Schmidt, O. Schneider, A. Schopper, M.-H. Schune, R. Schwemmer, B. Sciascia, A. Sciubba, A. Semennikov, I. Sepp, N. Serra, J. Serrano, L. Sestini, P. Seyfert, M. Shapkin, I. Shapoval, Y. Shcheglov, T. Shear, L. Shekhtman, V. Shevchenko, A. Shire, R. Silva Coutinho, G. Simi, M. Sirendi, N. Skidmore, I. Skillicorn, T. Skwarnicki, N. A. Smith, E. Smith, J. Smith, M. Smith, H. Snoek, M. D. Sokoloff, F. J. P. Soler, F. Soomro, D. Souza, B. Souza De Paula, B. Spaan, P. Spradlin, S. Sridharan, F. Stagni, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, O. Steinkamp, O. Stenyakin, F Sterpka, S. Stevenson, S. Stoica, S. Stone, B. Storaci, S. Stracka, M. Straticiuc, U. Straumann, R. Stroili, L. Sun, W. Sutcliffe, K. Swientek, S. Swientek, V. Syropoulo, M. Szczekowski, P. Szczypka, T. Szumlak, S. T’Jampen, M. Teklishyn, G. Tellarini, F. Teubert, C. Thoma, E. Thoma, J. van Tilburg, V. Tisserand, M. Tobin, J. Todd, S. Tolk, L. Tomassetti, D. Tonelli, S. Topp-Joergensen, N. Torr, E. Tournefier, S. Tourneur, M. T. Tran, M. Tresch, A. Trisovic, A. Tsaregorodtsev, P. Tsopela, N. Tuning, M. Ubeda Garcia, A. Ukleja, A. Ustyuzhanin, U. Uwer, C. Vacca, V. Vagnoni, G. Valenti, A. Vallier, R. Vazquez Gomez, P. Vazquez Regueiro, C. Vázquez Sierra, S. Vecchi, J. J. Velthui, M. Veltri, G. Veneziano, M. Vesterinen, B. Viaud, D. Vieira, M. Vieites Diaz, X. Vilasis-Cardona, A. Vollhardt, D. Volyanskyy, D. Voong, A. Vorobyev, V. Vorobyev, C. Voß, J. A. de Vrie, R. Waldi, C. Wallace, R. Wallace, J. Walsh, S. Wandernoth, J. Wang, D. R. Ward, N. K. Watson, D. Websdale, M. Whitehead, D. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wilkinson, M. P. William, M. William, H. W. Wilschut, F. F. Wilson, J. Wimberley, J. Wishahi, W. Wislicki, M. Witek, G. Wormser, S. A. Wotton, S. Wright, K. Wyllie, Y. Xie, Z. Xing, Z. Xu, Z. Yang, X. Yuan, O. Yushchenko, M. Zangoli, M. Zavertyaev, L. Zhang, W. C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, A. Zhelezov, A. Zhokhov, L. Zhong, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle physics, COLLISIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, Extrapolation, +10+GeV%29%3A+Inelastic+scattering%3A+many-particle+final+state%22">Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy interactions (energy > 10 GeV): Inelastic scattering: many-particle final state, FOS: Physical sciences, ATLAS DETECTOR, Global features, Hadron-Hadron Scattering, Global feature, Hadrons, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Physics, Particles & Fields, NO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SCATTERING, Nuclear Experiment, Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland), Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, Science & Technology, Gran Col·lisionador d'Hadrons, Charged particle, HEP, LHCb, Pseudorapidity, Physical Sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, LHC, Física de partícules, DECAY, Particle Physics - Experiment, 13.85.Hd
Abstract: The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions, with at least one prompt long-lived charged particle of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}>0.2$ GeV/$c$ in the pseudorapidity range $2.0, Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Effect of Outdoor Cycling, Virtual and Enhanced Reality Indoor Cycling on Heart Rate, Motivation, Enjoyment and Intention to Perform Green Exercise in Healthy Adults.

Author: Poli L, Greco G, Gabriele M, Pepe I, Centrone C, Cataldi S, and Fischetti F
Abstract: Background: Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA), Italy ranks low in leisure-time PA among European countries. Integrating virtual (VR)/enhanced (ER) reality with exercise equipment could boost PA engagement. Limited studies have explored how VR/ER-integrated cycling activity, compared to outdoor settings, influences PA among university students. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a brief cycling session outdoors and indoors on psychological and physiological outcomes, and secondly, investigate the potential of VR/ER-mediated nature experiences as a tool to promote green exercise. Methods: In February 2024, thirty-one subjects (20 M and 11 F; age 24.3 ± 3.2 years; BMI 23.5 ± 3.6 kg/m 2 ) were involved in this randomized crossover-controlled trial, where they were assigned to three different conditions: ER cycling (ERC), VR cycling (VRC), and outdoor cycling (OUTC). Heart rate (HR), Physical Activity Enjoyment (PACE), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), and Intention to Perform Green Exercise (INT-GE) were assessed at the end of each condition. Results: The OUTC condition showed significantly greater PACE, IMI, and INT-GE than ERC/VRC ( p < 0.001), lower HR mean than ERC/VRC ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), and lower HRmax than ERC ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: VRC and ERC enhanced engagement and physiological responses during indoor cycling, but outdoor cycling offered superior benefits in motivation, enjoyment, and future engagement intentions. No significant differences were found between VRC and ERC in promoting intentions for outdoor activities, suggesting both technologies could be equally effective.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. The influence of body image on psychological symptomatology in breast cancer women undergoing intervention: a pre-post study.

Author: Verri V, Pepe I, Abbatantuono C, Bottalico M, Semeraro C, Moschetta M, De Caro MF, Taurisano P, Antonucci LA, and Taurino A
Abstract: Introduction: Body image concerns related to breast cancer surgery may challenge patients' quality of life and their treatment outcomes, thus representing a key aspect to be assessed in the psycho-oncological settings. The present longitudinal study is aimed to (1) investigate the association between preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients; (2) explore the impact of pre-/post-surgery variation in body image on psychological symptomatology., Methods: N = 72 women undergoing breast cancer surgery were preoperatively screened (T1) using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and were assessed postoperatively (T2) using the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and re-administered the BUT. Spearman's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between age, preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms, and variation in body image. To predict post-surgical psychological symptomatology, two separated multiple regression models were used to evaluate preoperative body image and its variation after surgery controlling for covariates (i.e., education; intervention type). P significance was set as 0.05 for all analyses and adjusted for multiple comparisons., Results: At T1, anxiety in relation to body image scores emerged as the most frequently experienced psychological symptomatology after surgery (all adjusted p < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between all SCL-90-R scores at T2 and avoidance behaviors and depersonalization scores at T1. The associations were most significantly strong for somatization, depression, anxiety, and hostility (all adjusted p < 0.05). However, change in body image between pre- and post-intervention was not associated with psychological symptomatology at T2 (all adjusted p > 0.05). Pre-surgery body avoidance was significantly associated with post-intervention psychological symptoms (SOMβ = 0.453, p = 0.0001; DEPβ = 0.507, p = 0.0001; AXβ = 0.459, p = 0.0001; HOSβ = 0.410, p =. 0001). However, increased weight phobia between pre- and post-surgery was statistically associated with increased somatization, anxiety, depression and hostility at T2 (βSOM = 0.439, p = 0.0001; βDEP = 0.454, p = 0.0001; βANX = 0.471, p = 0.0001)., Discussion: Overall, pre-/post-intervention body concerns were significantly associated with primary psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. Higher levels of body avoidance and weight phobia were significantly associated with the primary psychological dimensions assessed. As body concerns might act as quality-of-life predictors, their evaluation is crucial in fostering patients' well-being and treatment adherence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Verri, Pepe, Abbatantuono, Bottalico, Semeraro, Moschetta, De Caro, Taurisano, Antonucci and Taurino.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Ten-Minute Physical Activity Breaks Improve Attention and Executive Functions in Healthcare Workers.

Author: Fischetti F, Pepe I, Greco G, Ranieri M, Poli L, Cataldi S, and Vimercati L
Abstract: Occupational health is a major problem in modern work environments. Physical activity breaks (PABs), short exercise periods delivered during working hours, incorporating exergames or outdoor activities, have emerged as a novel approach that could be used to improve work efficiency and workplace wellbeing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of PABs on attention levels and executive functions in healthcare workers. A total of 27 healthcare workers (M = 14, W = 13; 49.55 ± 12.46 years), after 4 h of work, randomly performed one of three 10 min conditions weekly in a counterbalanced order: No Physical Activity Break (NPAB); Outdoor Physical Activity Break (OPAB); Physical Activity Break with Exergame (PABEx). After the conditions, executive functions and selective attention were assessed by the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the Trail Making A,B test (TMT A,B), respectively. Significant differences between OPAB and NPAB as well as between PABEx and NPAB in the TMT-A test χ2(2) = 44.66 ( p < 0.001) and TMT-B test χ2(2) = 48.67 ( p < 0.001) were found, respectively. TMT-A and SCWT interference/time scores of the PABEx and OPAB conditions were significantly lower than those of NPAB ( p < 0.001). In the SCWT interference/error score, no significant difference was found between the PABEx and NPAB ( p > 0.05), but the score was statistically lower in the OPAB condition than PABEx ( p = 0.001) and PABEx condition compared to OPAB for TMT-A ( p = 0.001). Findings showed that the OPAB and PABEx conditions are effective in improving selective attention and executive functions in healthcare workers. Employers can foster a healthier and more productive workforce by promoting a culture of movement and prioritizing employee health, which in turn can enhance patient care outcomes.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Cognitive functioning and psychosomatic syndromes in a subjective tinnitus sample.

Author: Gasparre D, Pepe I, Laera D, Abbatantuono C, De Caro MF, Taurino A, D'Erasmo D, Fanizzi P, Antonucci LA, Pantaleo A, Cavallaro G, Pontillo V, Taurisano P, and Quaranta N
Abstract: Introduction: Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of any corresponding external sound source. Current research suggests a relationship among emotional, cognitive, and psychosomatic symptoms and the occurrence or maintenance of chronic tinnitus. This study aimed to detect the prevalence and role of psychosomatic conditions, as defined by the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR), and cognitive functioning in a group of patients with tinnitus., Methods: Sixty-two patients with subjective tinnitus and 62 non-tinnitus controls were recruited from the Otorhinolaryngology Unit of the University of Bari. Pure-tone audiometry was performed in all tinnitus subjects, and sound level tolerance was evaluated. Additionally, tinnitus handicap (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory [THI]), psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90, Revised [SCL-90-R]), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI-Y1/2]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), executive functions (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), and psychosomatic syndromes (DCPR) were evaluated. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to detect cognitive and symptomatological differences between patients and controls. The predictivity of these factors for tinnitus severity was studied using multiple regression (Backward Elimination). All tests were considered significant at p < 0.05 (family wise error corrected for each comparison)., Results: 69.4% tinnitus patients met multiple DCPR criteria, compared to 32.3% of controls. Tinnitus patients exhibited elevated rates of illness denial (ꭓ 2 = 9.02; p < 0.009), demoralization (ꭓ 2 = 8.05; p < 0.018), somatization (ꭓ 2 = 4.92; p < 0.063) and functional symptoms (ꭓ 2 = 5.21; p < 0.06) scoring significantly higher on the BDI, STAI-Y1, and STAI-Y2, and SCL-90-R compared to controls. Patients with tinnitus showed lower MMSE scores, compared to controls ( t = -2.282; p < 0.001). No association between tinnitus severity and global cognitive impairment emerged. Conversely, executive function deficits were associated to tinnitus severity. Among the cognitive and psychological factors, only trait anxiety, one or more psychosomatic syndromes, and somatization clusters were strongly correlated with tinnitus severity., Discussion: Our findings suggest a relationship between tinnitus severity, psychological, psychosomatic symptoms, and frontal impairment. Additionally, the influence of tinnitus on cognitive functions paves the way for integrated, multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment options for patients. Although preliminary, our findings highlight the importance of early cognitive and psychological screening to improve patients' quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gasparre, Pepe, Laera, Abbatantuono, De Caro, Taurino, D’Erasmo, Fanizzi, Antonucci, Pantaleo, Cavallaro, Pontillo, Taurisano and Quaranta.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. The indirect effect of cognitive reserve on the relationship between age and cognition in pathological ageing: A cross-sectional retrospective study in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample.

Author: Giaquinto F, Tosi G, Abbatantuono C, Pepe I, Iaia M, Macchitella L, Rizzi E, De Caro MF, Romano D, Taurisano P, and Angelelli P
Subjects: Humans, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cognition, Aging psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive Reserve, Cognitive Dysfunction psychology
Abstract: Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to maintain cognitive functionality even in the presence of pathologies. The compensation hypothesis suggests that CR plays an indirect role between age and cognitive decline, contrasting the negative effect of ageing on cognition. We test this hypothesis in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample of memory clinic attendees (n = 134) who completed the CR Index questionnaire and three neuropsychological tests assessing global cognition (MMSE, FAB, CDT). Participants were divided into two groups based on standard diagnostic criteria (DSM-5): those who were cognitively impaired (n = 92) and those who were preserved (n = 42). A principal component analysis was used to extract a composite measure of global cognitive functioning from the three neuropsychological tests, and mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between CR, age and global cognitive functioning in the two groups. Results revealed that: (i) age had a significant direct negative effect on the global cognitive score in both groups; (ii) the three socio-behavioural proxies of CR together suppress the direct negative relationship between age and global cognitive score in cognitively impaired patients but not in cognitively preserved participants. This study confirms the association between CR, age and cognition and allows us to validate its role in a population with cognitive impairment and extend findings to a low-to-middle educated population. These results hold important implications for public health and wellness promotion, emphasising the beneficial role of maintaining healthy and active physical, cognitive and social lifestyles., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Neuropsychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Impact of depression on the perception of fatigue and information processing speed in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients.

Author: Biasi MM, Manni A, Pepe I, Abbatantuono C, Gasparre D, Iaffaldano P, Simone M, De Caro MF, Trojano M, Taurisano P, and Paolicelli D
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Cognition, Depression psychology, Fatigue psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Perception, Processing Speed, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis complications, Multiple Sclerosis psychology
Abstract: Background: Information processing speed is commonly impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, depression and fatigue can affect the cognitive profile of patients: fatigue has a negative impact from the disease's earliest stage and a reduced information processing speed is often associated with higher levels of depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between information processing speed and physical fatigue in a cohort of Italian PwMS from a single center, considering the effect of depression., Methods: Two hundred (W = 128; mean age = 39.83 years; SD = 11.86) PwMS, from the Bari University Hospital, underwent testing for processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]), fatigue level (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]), and depression (Beck's Depression Inventory [BDI])., Results: Statistically significant correlations emerged between SDMT and FSS, SDMT and BDI, FSS and BDI. Mediation analyses revealed that while physical fatigue had no significant direct negative effect on information processing speed (z=-0.891; p > 0.05), depression predicted the relationship between fatigue and information processing speed (z=-2.181; p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our findings showed that cognitive performance at SDMT was not affected by patients' perceived level of physical fatigue, but by depression. The presence of a high BDI score mediates the physical fatigue on cognitive performance impact., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Pre-surgery supportive and goal-oriented strategies are associated with lower post-surgery perceived distress in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Author: Taurisano P, Abbatantuono C, Verri V, Pepe I, Stucci LS, Taurino A, Moschetta M, De Caro MF, and Antonucci LA
Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Goals, Humans, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Stress, Psychological, Breast Neoplasms surgery
Abstract: Background: Psycho-oncology literature pointed out that individual health outcomes may depend on patients' propensity to adopt approach or, conversely, avoidant coping strategies. Nevertheless, coping factors associated with postoperative distress remain unclear, unfolding the lack of tailored procedures to help breast cancer patients manage the psychological burden of scheduled surgery. In view of this, the present study aimed at investigating: 1. pre-/post-surgery distress variations occurring among women diagnosed with breast cancer; 2. the predictivity of approach and avoidant coping strategies and factors in affecting post-surgery perceived distress., Methods: N = 150 patients (mean age = 59.37; SD = ± 13.23) scheduled for breast cancer surgery were administered a screening protocol consisting of the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Brief-COPE. The DT was used to monitor patients' distress levels before and after surgery (± 7 days), whereas the Brief-COPE was adopted only preoperatively to evaluate patients' coping responses to the forthcoming surgical intervention. Non-parametric tests allowed for the detection of pre-/post-surgery variations in patients' perceived distress. Factor analysis involved the extraction and rotation of principal components derived from the Brief-COPE strategies. The predictivity of such coping factors was investigated through multiple regression (Backward Elimination)., Results: The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yielded a significant variation in DT mean scores (TW = -5,68 < -zα/2 = -1,96; p < .001) indicative of lower perceived distress following surgery. The four coping factors extracted and Varimax-rotated were, respectively: 1. cognitive processing (i.e., planning + acceptance + active coping + positive reframing); 2. support provision (i.e., instrumental + emotional support); 3. emotion-oriented detachment (i.e., self-blame + behavioral disengagement + humor + denial); 4. goal-oriented detachment (i.e., self-distraction). Among these factors, support provision (B = .458; β = - .174; t = - 2.03; p = .045), encompassing two approach coping strategies, and goal-oriented detachment (B = .446; β = - .176; t = - 2.06; p = .042), consisting of one avoidant strategy, were strongly related to post-surgery distress reduction., Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that the pre-surgery adoption of supportive and goal-oriented strategies led to postoperative distress reduction among breast cancer patients. These findings highlight the importance of timely psychosocial screening and proactive interventions in order to improve patients' recovery and prognosis., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Analysis of Early Assessable Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Dogs With Cluster Seizures and Status Epilepticus.

Author: Cagnotti G, Ferrini S, Ala U, Bellino C, Corona C, Dappiano E, Di Muro G, Iulini B, Pepe I, Roncone S, and D'Angelo A
Abstract: Status epileptics (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) are serious neurological emergencies associated with poor outcome in epileptic patients. Data on risk factors associated with outcome in epileptic patients affected by CS and SE have not been studied extensively to date. In the present retrospective study potential risk factors predictive of negative outcome in a population of dogs affected by CS and SE were analyzed. Ninety-three dogs were included in the study: 21/93 patients (23%) presented with SE and 72/93 (77%) with CS. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, factors statistically associated with a poor outcome were the occurrence of the first epileptic seizure outside the defined idiopathic interval (6 months-6 years), a condition of hyperthermia at presentation and the absence of previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in case of previous history of seizures. The results of the present study implement data on risk factors associated with poor outcome in dogs affected by CS or SE and can aid in the creation of an ad hoc scoring system, similar to systems currently applied in human medicine upon hospital admission to benchmark performances and establish protocols for triage and therapeutic management., (Copyright © 2020 Cagnotti, Ferrini, Ala, Bellino, Corona, Dappiano, Di Muro, Iulini, Pepe, Roncone and D'Angelo.)
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Significance of persistence of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in Sicilian patients affected by acute visceral leishmaniasis.

Author: Mansueto P, Pepe I, Seidita A, Scozzari F, Vitale G, Arcoleo F, Elvira I, Cillari E, Rini GB, Napoli N, Di Rosa S, Mansueto S, and Di Fede G
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Leishmaniasis, Visceral immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Sicily, Time Factors, Young Adult, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Leishmania infantum immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral diagnosis
Abstract: The background of this article is as follows: Few data are available about the persistence of serum-specific IgG antibodies to L. infantum after acute VL. The objective of this article is to evaluate the persistence of antibodies against L. infantum in patients healed from acute VL, and the kinetic of the same antibodies observed in 2 cases of VL relapse and 2 cases of resistance to therapy. The methods which we used to obtain our objective are the following: 55 apparently immunocompetent, HIV-negative patients were examined for antibodies to L. infantum by IFAT over 14 years period, and we got the following results: Serum-specific IgG antibodies titers decrease slowly, but constantly. In the patients with a diagnosis of VL relapse, the kinetic of antibodies was characterized by an initial reduction, and a subsequent antibody levels rapidly increase, while in the patients with a clinical and parasitological diagnosis of VL not responding to specific therapy, we demonstrated persistent high level of antibodies to L. infantum. Finally, we conclude that specific antibodies to L. infantum might persist for many years, and decrease slowly, but steadily. The persistence of these specific antibodies is not related to poor therapeutic response or prognosis, but an acute increase in their levels might be a sentinel of a VL relapse, while persistence of high antibody levels could suggest a resistance to therapy.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Takovite-aluminosilicate-Cr materials prepared by adsorption of Cr3+ from industrial effluents as catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation reactions.

Author: Ciuffi KJ, de Faria EH, Marçal L, Rocha LA, Calefi PS, Nassar EJ, Pepe I, da Rocha ZN, Vicente MA, Trujillano R, Gil A, and Korili SA
Abstract: The catalytic efficiency of takovite-aluminosilicate-chromium catalysts obtained by adsorption of Cr(3+) ions from aqueous solutions by a takovite-aluminosilicate nanocomposite adsorbent is reported. The adsorbent was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. The catalytic activity of the final Cr-catalysts depended on the amount of adsorbed chromium. (Z)-cyclooctene conversion up to 90% with total selectivity for the epoxide was achieved when the oxidation was carried out with hydrogen peroxide, at room temperature. After five consecutive runs, the catalysts maintained high activity, although after the sixth reuse, the epoxide yields strongly decreased to 35%. The catalysts were also efficient for cyclohexane oxidation, reaching up to 18% conversion, with cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol selectivity close to 1.2. On the whole, their use as catalysts gives a very interesting application for the solids obtained by adsorption of a contaminant cation such as Cr(3+).
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. New insight into immunity and immunopathology of Rickettsial diseases.

Author: Mansueto P, Vitale G, Cascio A, Seidita A, Pepe I, Carroccio A, di Rosa S, Rini GB, Cillari E, and Walker DH
Subjects: Adaptive Immunity, Animals, Arthropods, Gene Expression Regulation immunology, Host Specificity, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Molecular Targeted Therapy trends, Rickettsiaceae Infections drug therapy, Rickettsiaceae Infections genetics, Rickettsiaceae Infections metabolism, Rickettsieae pathogenicity, Signal Transduction, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Rickettsiaceae Infections immunology, Rickettsieae immunology, Virulence Factors immunology
Abstract: Human rickettsial diseases comprise a variety of clinical entities caused by microorganisms belonging to the genera Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma. These microorganisms are characterized by a strictly intracellular location which has, for long, impaired their detailed study. In this paper, the critical steps taken by these microorganisms to play their pathogenic roles are discussed in detail on the basis of recent advances in our understanding of molecular Rickettsia-host interactions, preferential target cells, virulence mechanisms, three-dimensional structures of bacteria effector proteins, upstream signalling pathways and signal transduction systems, and modulation of gene expression. The roles of innate and adaptive immune responses are discussed, and potential new targets for therapies to block host-pathogen interactions and pathogen virulence mechanisms are considered.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Prevalence of antibodies anti-Bartonella henselae in western Sicily: children, blood donors, and cats.

Author: Mansueto P, Pepe I, Cillari E, Arcoleo F, Micalizzi A, Bonura F, Seidita A, Palillo L, Di Gregorio MF, Affronti M, Di Rosa S, Rini G, and Vitale G
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Immunoglobulin M blood, Immunoglobulin M immunology, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Sicily epidemiology, Young Adult, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Bartonella henselae immunology, Blood Donors, Cats immunology
Abstract: To evaluate seroprevalence of B. henselae infection both in Sicilian children and healthy blood donors. Furthermore, circulation of Bartonella in the natural reservoir was also studied. Two hundred forty-three children, living in Sicily (Palermo), affected by various diseases, without clinical features suggesting B. henselae infection, together with 122 healthy blood donors were serologically investigated for IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). One hundred twenty stray and 62 pet cats were also analyzed only for IgG. Among children 25.1% had IgG antibodies to B. henselae; 18.5% showed a titer 1:64, 2.4% 1:128, 2.4% 1:256, 0.8% 1:512, 0.4% 1:1024, and 0.4% 1:5120. Among healthy blood donors 11.4% had IgG class antibodies to B. henselae; 9.8% showed a titer 1:64 and 1.6% 1:128. All the human serum samples did not show positive results for B. henselae IgM class antibodies. Stray cats (68.3%) and pet cats (35.4%) also had IgG class antibodies to B. henselae. We demonstrated high frequency of serologic evidence of past B. henselae infection, in young Italian children, affected by various diseases, apparently free of any clinical features suggesting B. henselae infection. This observation is supported by high circulation of Bartonella in cats.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Antiendomysium antibodies assay in the culture medium of intestinal mucosa: an accurate method for celiac disease diagnosis.

Author: Carroccio A, Iacono G, Di Prima L, Pirrone G, Cavataio F, Ambrosiano G, Sciumè C, Geraci G, Florena A, Teresi S, Barbaria F, Pepe I, Campisi G, Mansueto P, Soresi M, and Di Fede G
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Autoantibodies blood, Biomarkers analysis, Biomarkers blood, Biopsy, Celiac Disease pathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Culture Media, Duodenum immunology, Duodenum pathology, Epidemiologic Methods, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Infant, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal immunology, Tissue Culture Techniques, Transglutaminases immunology, Young Adult, Autoantibodies analysis, Celiac Disease diagnosis, Intestinal Mucosa immunology
Abstract: Background: Celiac disease (CD) diagnosis is becoming more difficult as patients with no intestinal histology lesions may also be suffering from CD., Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antiendomysium (EmA) assay in the culture medium of intestinal biopsies for CD diagnosis., Patients and Methods: The clinical charts of 418 patients with CD and 705 non-CD controls who had all undergone EmA assay in the culture medium were reviewed., Results: EmA assay in the culture medium had a higher sensitivity (98 vs. 80%) and specificity (99 vs. 95%) than serum EmA/antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) assay. All patients with CD who were tested as false-negatives for serum EmA and/or anti-tTG (32 adults and 39 children) carried the human leukocyte antigen alleles associated to CD. Furthermore, during the follow-up, four patients with negative-serum EmA/anti-tTG, normal villi architecture, and positive-EmAs in the culture medium, developed villous atrophy and underwent gluten-free diet with consequent resolution of the symptoms and complete intestinal histology recovery., Conclusion: EmA assay in the culture medium should be included in the diagnostic criteria for CD diagnosis in 'seronegative' patients.
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

75 results on '"I. PEPE"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources