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The problem of changing tree species in protective afforestation remains poorly covered. The dynamics of species’ change in poplar (Populus L.) protective forest belt growing next to the forest crops of the Scotch pine (Рinus sylvestris L.) is discussed in the article. A forest belt 450 m long and 10 m wide grows in the steppe zone near the village of Shigaikulbash, Buzdyaksky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting plots are laid every 50 m. Reliable pine undergrowth in the forest belt, poplar undergrowth was not found on any of the accounting plots. Comparative characteristics of pine undergrowth (density, average age, stem height, and diameter) and the condition of poplar trees were compared for 2008 and 2020. It was revealed that there was a change in the design of the forest belt from openwork to dense, there is a partial shrinkage of poplar, in some areas there is an exit of pine undergrowth to the first tier. For both periods, the highest density of pine (over 1.5 thousand trees/ha) was detected at a distance of up to 200 meters from pine forest crops, the lowest density (no more than 0.4 thousand trees/ha) – in the center of the forest belt. In 2020, the category of small undergrowth was not found, most of it is large undergrowth, some of which have entered the reproductive phase. The drying of poplar trees is observed. This was facilitated by a complex of reasons: the complete absence of agrotechnical care in the forest belts, a drought that has been recurring for several years and the maximum age of trees in the conditions of the steppe. There is no poplar undergrowth along the entire length of the forest strip. A similar pattern is observed in neighboring forest belts, which allows to make a conclusions about the actual change of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) to Scotch pine in protective forest belts, which should be accompanied by logging and agrotechnical tillage on the edges of forest belts, followed by the formation of a young pine tree stand of openwork design.

Liver cancer remains a global challenge of healthcare, with the incidence growing worldwide. According to various authors, over 1 million patients will be diagnosed with liver cancer each year by 2025. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies with respect to genotoxic lesions and aetiologies. Although our understanding of the HCC pathophysiology and drivers tends to improve, it is still distant from translation into clinical practice. About 25 % of HCC cases are associated with variant mutations. HCC pathophysiology is a complex multi-step process. The interaction of various factors underlies the early stages of malignant hepatocyte transformation towards the development of HCC. Overall, about 20–25 % of HCC patients have at least one potential driver mutation. Obesity should also be noted as being associated with a higher risk of HCC and various other cancers. Despite many issues in the HCC pathogenesis being already known, the unresolved questions remain. Modern molecular genetic diagnostics and animal modelling of malignant tumours are expanding our horizons of knowledge in this field.

Free radicals have taken a firm place among the explanatory principles of the onset and development of tumors. Unambiguous ideas about the role of these highly active agents in carcinogenesis have not yet been obtained. The experimental results are contradictory, often the opposite. The field of study of the value of the activity of antioxidant systems based on the results obtained is no less controversial. In this regard, the urgent problem is the need to prescribe antioxidants in oncology. Antitumor effects of antioxidants are being questioned in many works, which brings to the forefront the appropriateness and adequacy of their appointment. The ambiguous role of free radicals in carcinogenesis determines the development of therapeutic strategies based on the precise modulation of oxidative processes.

The article analyzed the incidence of gastric cancer in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1993 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2012. A comparative analysis of cancer incidence rates of primary tumors of the stomach, obtained regularities level dynamics of disease in different years, depending on age and gender.

The article analyzes the results of a randomized multicenter studies devoted to elucidate the role of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in improving the results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

In the article are the incidence of breast cancer, cervical and ovarian cancer in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1993 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2012 analyzed. A comparative analysis of the performance of the primary cancer incidence neoplasms of the female reproductive system has done, level patterns the dynamics of disease in different years, depending on age are obtained.

The article analyzes the incidence of prostate cancer in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1993 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2012, the levels of the primary disease, the patterns of the level, dynamics of morbidity in different years depending on age.

The article summarizes the experience of academic and pedagogical leading of universities in Russia to train specialists of new formation in oncology, in accordance with the challenges of modern society and the needs of the modernized health. There are prospects and the possibility of the introduction of advanced educational technology in health professional education on the basis of the competence approach. The modern model of continuing professional development is implemented in the departments of oncology leading Russian universities.