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Based on the ongoing large climatic and environmental changes and the history of science coordination in Svalbard leading to the development of Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), we present an overview of the current gaps in knowledge and infrastructure based on a synthesis of the recommendations presented in the annual State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) reporting of SIOS. Recommendations from the first 4 years of SESS reporting represent the point of view of the wide scientific community operating the large observing system implemented in Svalbard (SIOS) since 2018 and aim to identify the scientific potential to further develop the observing system. The recommendations are bottom-up inputs for a continuous process that aims to accomplish the vision and mission of SIOS: optimizing, integrating and further developing the observing system in an Earth system science (ESS) perspective. The primary outcome of the synthesis work is the evidence that ESS in SIOS has, during the first 4 years of operation, naturally developed from individual scientists or smaller groups of scientists to larger disciplinary international groups of scientists working together within the different environments (the atmosphere, the cryosphere, and marine and terrestrial environments). It is clear that strategic efforts towards interdisciplinarity are necessary for operating fully at ESS scale in Svalbard. As Svalbard is experiencing the largest ongoing warming in the Arctic and worldwide, SIOS is in a unique position to perform a full-scale study of all processes impacting ESS dynamics and controlling the water cycle using all parts of the SIOS observation network, with a large potential for increasing the understanding of key mechanisms in the Earth system. We also identify the potential to upscale Svalbard-based observations collected in SIOS to pan-Arctic and global scales, contributing to full-scale ESS.

Simulating the demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet covering Hudson Bay in the Early Holocene (10–7 ka) is important for understanding the role of accelerated changes in ice sheet topography and melt in the 8.2 ka event, a century long cooling of the Northern Hemisphere by several degrees. Freshwater released from the ice sheet through a surface mass balance instability (known as the saddle collapse) has been suggested as a major forcing for the 8.2 ka event, but the temporal evolution of this pulse has not been constrained. Dynamical ice loss and marine interactions could have significantly accelerated the ice sheet demise, but simulating such processes requires computationally expensive models that are difficult to configure and are often impractical for simulating past ice sheets. Here, we developed an ice sheet model setup for studying the Laurentide Ice Sheet's Hudson Bay saddle collapse and the associated meltwater pulse in unprecedented detail using the BISICLES ice sheet model, an efficient marine ice sheet model of the latest generation which is capable of refinement to kilometre-scale resolutions and higher-order ice flow physics. The setup draws on previous efforts to model the deglaciation of the North American Ice Sheet for initialising the ice sheet temperature, recent ice sheet reconstructions for developing the topography of the region and ice sheet, and output from a general circulation model for a representation of the climatic forcing. The modelled deglaciation is in agreement with the reconstructed extent of the ice sheet, and the associated meltwater pulse has realistic timing. Furthermore, the peak magnitude of the modelled meltwater equivalent (0.07–0.13 Sv) is compatible with geological estimates of freshwater discharge through the Hudson Strait. The results demonstrate that while improved representations of the glacial dynamics and marine interactions are key for correctly simulating the pattern of Early Holocene ice sheet retreat, surface mass balance introduces by far the most uncertainty. The new model configuration presented here provides future opportunities to quantify the range of plausible amplitudes and durations of a Hudson Bay ice saddle collapse meltwater pulse and its role in forcing the 8.2 ka event.

The article focuses on the development of guide star–free quantum adaptive optics, which utilizes entangled photons to remove aberrations in imaging biological samples without the need for a guide star, allowing for improved imaging in the presence of aberrations. The topic discussed is attosecond x-ray imaging of liquid water using a recently upgraded x-ray free-electron laser, enabling the observation of electron dynamics in real time.

The article offers the details of the recent research articles published in the science journals including lignin-based diffusion barrier in the plant roots, softening of Electron-induced lattice and reward expectation behavior in fruit flies.

The article presents several science news. Topics discussed include the potential use of RyR2 targeting to prevent chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments, the adhesive properties of Candida auris in fungal infections, and the sinking land in the New York City area exacerbating flood risk alongside climate change.

- EEU Science, adh2586, this issue p. 181 TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY Instructing tumor cell turncoats Cancer cells down-regulate antigen presentation to evade recognition by the immune system. In mouse models, intratumoral injection of tumor-APCs decreased tumor growth, increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice, and enhanced responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. TRPM7 phosphorylates amyloid away The abundance of the dual-function ion channel and kinase TRPM7 is decreased in postmortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on several research briefs published in different periodicals. Topics discussed include main function of the primary motor cortex is to initiate movements and to control voluntary motor behavior; carbon monoxide also reacts cleanly with potassium slides by phosphine displacement and DS-Cav1 elicited antibodies that more potently neutralized RSV A and B than MEDI7510.