Search

Objective. To analyze diagnostics and treatment of 50 patients operated for thyroid cancer (TC), to assess the information content of classification according to the TIRADS and BETHESDA systems in comparison with the final morphological study of the removed thyroid preparations. Materials and methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group 32 (64 %) patients with a verified thyroid cancer before surgery according to the results of fine needle aspiration puncture biopsy and a confirmed diagnosis after surgery. The second group, 4 (8 %) persons, included patients with a verified thyroid cancer before surgery, but a negative final morphological study. The third group, 14 (28 %) patients with an unverified thyroid cancer before surgery, but a confirmed diagnosis of thyroid cancer according to the results of a final morphological study. To compare the compliance of the TIRADS system with the BETHESDA system, the Kappa index was used. Results. The highest compliance, 100 %, was found between TIRADS 5 and BETHESDA 5, with a Kappa index of 1. Conclusions. Comparison of the results of preoperative and final morphological studies showed that the use of TIRADS and BETHESDA classifications is an informative method in diagnostics of thyroid cancer only in 48 % of cases.

At the basis of numerous mental disorders lies a synaptic transmission impairment that causes metabolic and ionic changes and affects the current functional state of the brain, the reflection of which we find in electroencephalographic examination.Objective of the study: identification of electroencephalographic features in children under conditions of biochemical heterogeneity of hyperkinetic disorder (HD).Material and methods. 404 children aged 6-8 years with HD were divided into three subgroups according to the state of monoamine activity: the 1-st subgroup with a combination of hypofunction of the dopaminergic and hyperfunction of the noradrenergic systems — 120 children, the 2-nd subgroup with a combination of hyperfunction of the noradrenergic system with relative balance dopamine — 136 children, and the 3-d with a combination of hyperfunction of the dopamine and hypofunction of the noradrenergic systems — 148 children. In the selected groups, the serotonin system plays an inhibitory and modulating role in relation to the catecholamine metabolism systems. The control group consisted of 90 children (54 boys and 36 girls). An electroencephalographic study was carried out, where the following ranges and subranges were differentiated: theta rhythm (4–8 Hz) and beta1 rhythm (14–20 Hz). The power ratios of theta — and — beta1 rhythms (theta/beta1) were calculated.Results. It was the serotonin system that turned out to be the determining factor in the neurophysiological characteristics of HD. Moreover, the division into subgroups, based on the biochemical characteristics of children with HD, did not allow us to obtain significant differences. The only feature that globally distinguishes the subgroups from each other was the increase in the theta/beta1 activity index, corresponding to an increase in the tension and activity of the serotonin system from subgroup 1 to 3. The data obtained allow us to assert that the electroencephalographic index theta / beta1 can serve as a marker of inattention in children with hyperkinetic disorder and reflects the established state of imbalance of all monoamine systems, but better characterizes the behavior of the tryptophan system.Conclusion. The data on the relationship between the power of theta/beta1 rhythms in the EEG may indicate the nature of the activity of the serotonin system in prospective studies, providing a personalized approach to the selection of drug therapy in children with HD.

We performed carotid endarterectomy on a patient with 75% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA), 70% stenosis of the left common carotid artery (CCA), 60% stenosis of the right ICA and 55% stenosis of the right CCA after a transient ischaemic attack on the premises of the surgical unit of Russian Railways Hospital–Medicine (Samara), which is the clinical site for the care of surgical diseases at Samara State Medical University. During the preoperative evaluation and physical examination, we determined that the chance of high CCA bifurcation was high because the patient had a brachymorphic physique and his neck was short and broad. In fact, during the surgical exploration of the carotid triangle area, the CCA bifurcation was identified 7 ± 0.5 cm higher than the shield-like cartilage rim; thus the CCA bifurcation area crossed the stems of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves, which precluded classic carotid endarterectomy. We then decided to perform carotid endarterectomy, using the eversion method and transposing the ICA above the rami of the cranial nerves. Through this method, we minimised traction and nerve stem trauma during the process of reconstructing brachiocephalic trunk arteries, prevented morbidities involving the cranial nerves during postsurgical period, accelerated the patient’s recovery and improved the patient’s quality of life. With further patient monitoring during the early and late postoperative periods, no abnormalities of peripheral innervation occurred.Received 26 March 2021. Revised 6 May 2021. Accepted 11 May 2021.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interests.Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to this article.

Aim: the primary purpose of this study was to explore the state of monoamine activity in children with tic disorder at a combined type of attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Patients and methods: 404 children aged 6–10 years with a combined type of ADHD were divided into three subgroups according to the monoamine activity: 1 subgroup with a combination of hypofunction of dopaminergic and hyperfunction of the noradrenergic system — 120 patients, 2 subgroup with a combination of hyperfunction of the noradrenergic system with a relative balance of dopamine — 136 patients, 3 subgroups with biochemical parameters of monoamine indicators within the reference values — 148 children. The levels of monoamines, their precursors and metabolic products in daily urine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenaline and serotonin, their metabolites — homovanilic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and their precursors tryptophan and tyrosine. To assess the severity of the symptoms of ADHD, the SNAP-IV scale was used, and tic severity was determined using the Yale global tick severity scale. Results: сommon to all subgroups under consideration is characteristic that the severity of the tick correlates, fi rst, with increased impulsivity (1 subgroup р = 0.0001, 2 subgroup р = 0.045, 3 subgroup р = 0.015). The degree of manifestation of the main symptoms of ADHD in children has competitive behavior with tics, which is associated with decompensation of the biochemical balance of monoamine systems. In subgroup 1, there is an increase in the consumption of norepinephrine (p = 0.002) with a large formation of metabolites and a further weakening of the activity of the dopamine (p = 0.029) and serotonin (p = 0.038) systems. In subgroup 2, the dopamine system is deficient (p = 0.001) and the inhibitory function of the serotonin system increases (p = 0.003). In subgroup 3, the activity of the noradrenaline system increases with minimal participation of the dopamine system and a weakening of the influence of the serotonin system (p = 0.006). Conclusion: in cases of comorbidity of ADHD and tic disorder in children, observation revealed a change in the state of noradrenergic and dopamine systems and weakening of the inhibitory effect of serotonin, which probably has an effect on the general psychopathological profile.

A two-sublattice ferrimagnet undergoes a transition from a collinear to canted magnetic phase at magnetic field oriented along an easy magnetization direction. In this work, we study the transition by means of the magneto-optical Faraday effect in a thin film of compensated iron garnet (Lu$_{3-{\rm{x}}}$Bi$_{\rm{x}}$)(Fe$_{5-{\rm{y}}-{\rm{z}}}$Ga$_{\rm{y}}$Al$_{\rm{z}}$)O$_{12}$ grown on Gd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ substrate. In the immediate vicinity of the compensation temperature a precursor of the transition with a complex shape was observed. Using a special sample with variable thickness we demonstrate an interfacial origin of the precursor. Diffusion of gadolinium from the substrate into the film forms a thin intermixed layer with enhanced magnetization. It induces an extended inhomogeneous magnetic structure in the film. A two-step shape of the precursor appears due to an easy-plane anisotropy of the intermixed magnetic layer. We emphasize that an effective width of the inhomogeneous magnetization distribution in the film grows enormously while approaching the compensation temperature., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

A method is proposed for the integral biochemical diagnostic of primary hyperparathyroidism to obtain reliable information about the functional state of the parathyroid glands, which allows one to assess changes in phosphorus-calcium metabolism, to predict the presence or absence of primary hyperparathyroidism, and also to control the pathological process and the effectiveness of the treatment. To determine a single integral indicator - the index of primary hyperparathyroidism (IPHPT), the ratio of calcium and phosphorus to parathyroid hormone was determined. Measurements were performed in volunteers who don’t suffer from any endocrine pathology (19 patients) and in the group of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after surgical treatment (19 patients). As a result of the study, it was found that the value of IPHPT ≤ 2.46 reliably indicates the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism, and the value of IHPT > 2.46 is a measure for the absence of the parathyroid glands pathology. Thus, the proposed method for the integral biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism could be a reliable quantification technique of the parathyroid glands function, allowing the assessing changes in phosphorus-calcium metabolism, to predict the presence or absence of primary hyperparathyroidism, and also to be used as an objective measure for the effectiveness of the treatment.

Introduction. Estimate thyrotoxicosis severity considering proposed integral index based on a medical history, the main clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of research Purpose. A study of 37 patients with toxic goiter using the proposed thyrotoxicosis severity integrated estimation was conducted. 23 (62.1%) were diagnosed with diffuse toxic goiter (DTZ), and 14 (37.8%) had multinodular toxic goiter (MTZ). There were 31 women (83.7%) and 6 men (16.2%). Results. Using our integrated thyrotoxicosis severity estimation 11 people (29.7%) were diagnosed with mild thyrotoxicosis, 25 people (67.5%) - moderate severity, 1 man (2.7%) - severe thyrotoxicosis. Compared with the classification specified in the Federal Clinical Recommendations (2014), 1.6 times more cases of mild thyrotoxicosis and 6 times less cases of severe thyrotoxicosis were detected. Conclusion. The proposed thyrotoxicosis severity integral estimation index is simple and affordable for clinical practice usage, it allows to more accurately estimate patient’s condition severity, suggests a personalized approach not only to thyrotoxicosis severity estimation, but also to determine further treatment tactics.

An experimental setup for studying the dynamics of deformation of a metal sample under the action of a magnetic-field pulse of a complex shape is presented. The slow part of a pulse has forward polarity (the amplitude is up to 15 T), while the fast part consists of a sequence of reverse-polarity pulses (the amplitudes are up to 4 T). This creates a pressure that causes attraction of a sample to an inductor. The device consists of four pulse current sources that operate simultaneously into one inductor. The generation of a pulsed magnetic field by inductors of two types is considered: a flat inductor (a double flat spiral) and a cylindrical inductor with a cutout concentrator of the magnetic field. The setup is equipped with a multipoint system for measuring the dynamics of the plate deformation during the exposure. The possibility of plastic deformations of copper, aluminum, and steel plates with thicknesses of up to 1 mm is shown.

The review presents current data on the nature of cognitive deficit in children with hyperkinetic disorder, and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Considering possible neurobiological components of hyperkinetic disorder, attention is given to pathological functional connections underlying specific clinical manifestations of the disease.В статье обзорного характера представлены современные данные о характере когнитивного дефицита у детей с гиперкинетическим расстройством и предполагаемых патофизиологических механизмах заболевания. При рассмотрении возможных нейробиологических составляющих данного заболевания особое внимание обращено на патологию внутримозговых функциональных связей, нарушения формирования которых могут лежать в основе специфических клинических проявлений гиперкинетического расстройства.

Is shown that the synthesis of a signal of the optimal shape is an extreme task, the variation nature of which allows us to apply ideas and methods of functional analysis to solve it. To study functional extreme properties, calculus of variations is applied. The obtained expression describes the shape of an elementary signal of finite duration with minimum energy outside the working frequency band.

—A technique of measuring the rotation of the light polarization plane in pulsed magnetic fields with strength up to 40 T with a sensitivity of 0.1° is proposed. The Faraday effect has been studied in films of diluted ferrites—garnets (Lu,Bi)3(Fe,Ga,Al)5O12 in the temperature range from room temperature to 78 K, including the vicinity of the magnetic moment compensation temperature. The transition to the noncollinear phase in the magnetic phase diagram is shown to occur at a magnetic field strength higher than 30 T at room temperature, and the threshold transition field tends to zero when approaching the magnetic moment compensation temperature.

Numerical simulation of unsteady flow of a compressible fluid in a fixed bed filled with porous elements has been performed. The research was carried out via ANSYS Fluent software. The scientific substantiation and verification of the physical and mathematical approaches incorporated in ANSYS Fluent for the problem of unsteady flow in a fixed bed has been carried out. For the computational domain, the interfaces of the flow area and the surface of porous particles are coupled by combining the contacts into a component part. The numerical results were verified using experimental data. The study was carried out in the range of velocity from 0.25 to 3.25 m/s. An expression is proposed for determining the pressure drop in a fixed bed, in which the pressure drop depends on the velocity, flow properties and the linear coefficient of local resistance. The values of the linear coefficient of local resistance are determined for the most common nozzle shapes in the industry: cylinder, Raschig ring, convex cylinder with 7 holes, sphere with 7 holes. It was found that with an increase in velocity, the value of the linear coefficient of local resistance decreases.

Aim - to estimate the remote results of treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of arteries of the lower extremities of the II stage in patients of advanced and senile age after the combined use of ozone therapy and gravitational therapy. Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study in three parallel groups comprised 139 patients. The first group (n = 57) received standard medical therapy in combination with ozone therapy; the group was divided into two subgroups: the patients of subgroup 1a (n = 28) received intravenous ozonated physiological solution, in subgroup 1b (n = 29) - major ozonated autohemotherapy (MOA). Patients of the second group (n = 62) underwent comprehensive treatment, including gravitational therapy (GT) in addition to medical ozone. In this group we also identified two subgroups: subgroup 2a (n = 31), in which the patients received standard medical therapy in combination with ozonated physiological solution and gravitational therapy, and subgroup 2b (n = 31), in which the treatment was amplified by MOA and GT. The third group was the control group (n = 20) that included patients who received only standard medical therapy. Dynamics of changes of disease stages and the number of surgeries in the remote period was estimated (up to 7 years). Results. After 6 months of follow-up observation, the distribution of the disease stages among the patients did not differ significantly (p> 0.05) from the initial amount. Analysis of survival and probable risks after 7 years of follow-up by Cox regression method in relation to the applied method of treatment revealed maximum efficiency of combined treatment in subgroup 2a. Conclusion. As a result of complex conservative treatment, including ozonotherapy and gravitational therapy, the probability of surgical interventions as well as disease stage advancing were effectively reduced.

The relative permittivity and specific conductivity of water and ice are measured under isentropic compression to pressures above 300 GPa. Compression is initiated by a pulse of an ultrahigh magnetic field generated by an MK-1 magnetocumulative generator. The sample is placed in a coaxial compression chamber with an initial volume of about 40 cm3. The complex relative permittivity was measured by a fast-response reflectometer at a frequency of about 50 MHz. At the compression of water, its relative permittivity increases to e = 350 at a pressure of 8 GPa, then drops sharply to e = 140, and further decreases smoothly. It is shown that measurements of the relative permittivity under isentropic compression make it possible to determine interfaces between ordered and disordered phases of water and ice, as well as to reveal features associated with a change in the activation energy of defects.

An increase in the life expectancy of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy is directly related to an increase in the number of patients with secondary (SHPT) and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT). The main treatment for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism is surgical. Moreover, improving the quality of life of this category of patients is one of the main purpose of surgical intervention. The purpose is to evaluate changes in the quality of life of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism who are on program hemodialysis after surgical treatment. Materials and methods. A survey of 60 patients with THPT was carried out before and after surgery using the Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). The survey was attended by 35 women (58%) and 25 men (42%). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel and the program Statistic 7. When analyzing the results of the survey, it can be noted that the indicators of quality of life after surgery were significantly higher than the values before surgery. The greatest increase was observed in the assessment of indicators related to the mental component of health - by 27.4%; physical component of health increased by 13.8%. At the same time, the average value of the scale of physical functioning increased by 30.2%, role-based functioning, due to physical condition - by 75%, and due to emotional state - by 100%, pain intensity - by 58%. The indicator of vital activity increased by 2 times. A pronounced correlation was observed between the levels of parathyroid hormone (r = 0.81, at p = 0.0002), ionized calcium (r = 0.56, at p = 0.003) and scales of physical functioning before and after the operation.

The paper considers the phenomenon of «mental atony» in children with developmental delay, intellectual disability and autism. The condition of mental atony is a congenital or early acquired even decrease in mental tone, manifested by the reduced ability to concentrate attention, a decline of the targeted activity, difficulties in contacting, weakening of unconditioned reflexes, lack of instinctive manifestations, «mobilization» of mental functions by persistent verbal and tactile stimulation. The article provides the history of the «mental atony» theory, as well as clinical features, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and nosological specificity of the condition. Moreover, the criteria for the differential diagnosis between the atonic form of intellectual disability and autism are discussed in detail. Based on the analysis of literature and the results of own clinical observations, the authors conclude that a thorough differential analysis between childhood autism and atonic form of intellectual disability in children is necessary, otherwise, there is a risk of overdiagnosis of autistic disorders. The authors also point to the role of the brain lesion, particularly in the area of reticular formation, in the occurrence of phenomena of mental atony.В статье рассматривается феномен психической атонии у детей с задержками психического развития, умственной отсталостью, детским аутизмом. Под термином «психическая атония» понимается врожденное либо рано приобретенное равномерное снижение психического тонуса, выражающееся в неспособности к сосредоточению внимания, целенаправленной деятельности, в затруднении контакта, ослаблении безусловно-рефлекторных реакций, недостаточности инстинктивных проявлений, «мобилизации» психических функций при настойчивой вербальной и тактильной стимуляции. Приводятся как клинические проявления, так и история развития учения о психической атонии, эпидемиология, этиология и патогенез состояния, его нозологическая специфика, рассматриваются подробно критерии дифференциальной диагностики атонической формы олигофрении и детского аутизма. Анализ данных научной литературы и результаты собственного клинического анализа позволяют высказать мнение о необходимости строгой дифференциальной диагностики между детским аутизмом и атонической формой умственной отсталости у детей, поскольку имеется риск гипердиагностики аутистических расстройств. Показана роль нарушений в области ретикулярной формации головного мозга в возникновении явлений психической атонии.

A large number of modern industrial systems of control by actuators is composed of elements of pneumatic/hydraulic automatics. In the synthesis of such systems, however, the challenge is to study their dynamic properties and stability. These quality systems are influenced by their constituent components, in particular pneumatic/ hydro apparatus, because the elements after connection with each other can form an unstable system, and/or, on the contrary, a sustainable system may contain unstable elements. To analyze it, it is needed to check the stability of any component included in the projected system. On this basis, the aim of this work was to establish unambiguous relationships obtained by experimental frequency characteristics of pneumatic/ hydro apparatus and type of transfer functions that allow to analyze the stability of the system that uses it. The article presents the method of obtaining the experimental amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the pneumatic/ hydro apparatus, given the basic relationships required to build them. The issue of identification of transfer functions on the example of selected number of pneumoapparatus, obtained experimentally, the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics are considered. For each of these pneumoapparatus were obtained constant coefficients of the transfer function. The estimation of the dynamic properties of these pneumoapparatus was made. As evaluation criteria were adopted: the transient time and the maximum dynamic error. There was performed assessment of the stability of the system consisting of a pneumatic cylinder with sensor feedback on the status of the stock jointly with each of the considered pneumoapparatus. To study the stability of the system the linearized mathematical model was composed for this system. For the created model of the system was built amplitude and phase frequency characteristics in logarithmic scale (LAH and LPH), which were found reserves of amplitude and phase of the whole system. According to the results of the work performed, conclusions were drawn.

The substances behavior study, and first of all, the study of their equation of states (EOS) at ultrahigh pressures and low temperatures is one of the fundamental and interesting problems of high energy density physics. Nowadays, only the method of isentropic compression effectively allows defining the substance characteristics in low temperatures and multimegabar pressures ranges. To study substance properties in these regimes the isentropic compression by means of an ultrahigh magnetic field of the magneto-cumulative generator MC-1 is applied in VNIIEF. The description of an isentropic compression device based on the MC-1 generator is provided in the paper. There is also the information about a radiographic method to define the compressed substances dimensions. The experimental results of zero isotherms construction up to 6 Mbar pressure of protium and deuterium, hydride lithium LiH and WNiCu 3-2 alloy based on tungsten is presented.

The magnetoabsorption in magnetic fields as high as 40 T is investigated at T > 77 K in HgTe/CdHgTe quantum-well heterostructures (dQW ≈ 8 nm). The spectra reveal two lines associated both with intraband transition from the lower Landau level in the conduction band and with interband transition. It is shown that the band structure in these systems changes from inverted to normal with increasing temperature.

A facility for generating pulsed magnetic fields with a millisecond duration and maximum peak values of 50 T is presented. The solenoid is produced from a Cu–Nb microcomposite conductor and is reinforced with a bandage made from Armos para-aramid fiber. The capacitor bank is switched to the high magnetic field solenoid by means of a solid-state switch board based on a module of reversely connected dynistors. Since the diameter of the working hole is 19.5 mm, it is possible to place a cryostat in it with operating temperatures as low as the helium temperatures and to measure the magnetization, the complex conductance, and the optical characteristics of substances in the visible and IR ranges. The operation features of the facility are discussed.

In this review article, the authors consider a role of interaction between noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in children with hyperkinetic disorder without impairment of the operational system of intelligence. The uneven development of higher mental functions observed in these cases is determined by the specificity of the formation of functional systems and the inclusion of compensatory mechanisms as well.В статье обзорного характера рассматривается роль взаимодействия норадренергической и дофаминергической систем мозга при гиперкинетическом расстройстве у детей, когда не наблюдается нарушений операциональной системы интеллекта. Наблюдаемая в этих случаях неравномерность развития высших психических функций определяется, по мнению авторов, не только специфическим формированием указанных функциональных систем, но и включением компенсаторных механизмов.

In this paper, a compact high magnetic field facility for cyclotron resonance (CR) investigation in the mid-infrared range is presented. A technology of multiturn coils winding with microcomposite Cu–Nb wire was developed in the Sarov Physics and Technology Institute Norwegian University of Science and Technology Moscow Engineering Physics Institute for the fabrication of compact nondestructive solenoids up to 50 T. An optical scheme and details of experimental techniques of CR measurements are discussed. Two peaks of magnetic absorption at 28 THz were observed in a narrow-gap HgTe/Hg1– x Cd x Te heterostructures with quantum wells at 80 K.

The article presents the remote results of treatment of an obliterating atherosclerosis of arteries of the lower extremities of the II stage at patients of advanced and senile age after the combined use of ozone therapy and gravitational therapy. We performed a prospective randomized study in three parallel groups (139 patients). The 1st group (n=57) received standard medical therapy in combination with ozone therapy; the group was divided into two subgroups: for patients of subgroup 1a (n=28) - intravenous ozonized physiological solution was performed, for patients of subgroup 1b (n=29) - major ozonized autohemotherapy. For patients of the 2nd group (n=62) - a comprehensive treatment, including gravitational therapy in addition to medical ozone, was carried out. In this group were also identified two subgroups: subgroup 2a (n=31) - patients received standard medical therapy in combination with ozonized physiological solution and gravitational therapy, subgroup 2b (n=31) - standard medical therapy in conjunction with major ozonized autohemotherapy and gravitational therapy. The 3rd control group (n=20) included patients, who received only standard medical therapy. Dynamics of changes of a stage of a disease and the number of surgeries in the remote period was estimated (up to 7 years). After 6 months of follow-on stages of the distribution of the disease patients significantly (p0,05) did not differ from the initial amount. Analysis of survival and probable risk at 7 years of follow-Cox regression method revealed a maximum efficiency in the subgroup 2a where the risk of probability of surgeries and also increases in a stage of a disease effectively decreased.В статье представлены отдаленные результаты лечения облитерирующего атеросклероза артерий нижних конечностей II стадии у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста после сочетанного применения озонотерапии и гравитационной терапии. Было проведено проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое исследование в трёх параллельных группах у 139 пациентов. 1-я группа (n=57) получала стандартную консервативную терапию в сочетании с озонотерапией; при этом группа была разделена на две подгруппы: больным подгруппы 1а (n=28) осуществляли внутривенное введение озонированного физиологического раствора (ОФР), подгруппы 1б (n=29) — большую аутогемоозонотерапию (БАТ). Пациентам 2-й группы (n=62) проводили комплексное лечение, включающее, помимо медицинского озона, гравитационную терапию (ГТ); в этой группе также были выделены две подгруппы: в подгруппе 2а (n=31) больные получали стандартную консервативную терапию в сочетании с ОФР и ГТ, в подгруппе 2б (n=31) — в сочетании с БАТ и ГТ. В 3-ю контрольную группу (n=20) вошли больные, получавшие только стандартную консервативную терапию. Оценивали динамику изменений стадии заболевания и число оперативных вмешательств в отдаленном периоде (до 7 лет). Через 6 мес наблюдения распределение по стадиям заболевания пациентов достоверно (p0,05) не отличалось от исходного. Анализ выживаемости и вероятных рисков через 7 лет наблюдения методом регрессии Кокса выявил максимальную эффективность в подгруппе 2а, где эффективно снижался риск вероятности оперативных вмешательств, а также увеличения стадии заболевания.

Sleep disturbances are frequently observed in patients with substance use disorders during active use as well as in withdrawal period and in remission. However, there is limited information about the association between sleep disturbances and substance use disorders. This review summarizes results of the studies on specific characteristics of sleep disturbances related to alcohol, opioids and psychostimulants (cocaine) use. Data on objective and subjective measurements of sleep characteristics at different stages of the course of an addiction disorder (active use, withdrawal, remission) are presented.Нарушения сна часто встречаются при психических и поведенческих расстройствах, связанных с употреблением психоактивных веществ (ПАВ) как в период активного употребления, так и в периоды отмены и воздержания от употребления ПАВ. Несмотря на актуальность данной проблемы, связь между нарушениями сна и злоупотреблением ПАВ изучена недостаточно. Представлен обзор литературы, который включает исследования, касающиеся характеристик нарушений сна, связанных с употреблением таких ПАВ, как алкоголь, опиоиды и психостимуляторы (кокаин). Представлены данные, полученные с применением объективных и субъективных методик оценки сна на разных этапах развития наркологического заболевания: в период активного потребления, синдрома отмены, раннего и позднего этапов становления ремиссии.

Prospects for the application of porous granulated carbon-carbon materials synthesized based on nanodispersed carbon filling agents and a pyrolytic carbon matrix to processes in the hydrometallurgy of nonferrous metals are demonstrated. The results of the sorption of organic impurities from model and real process liquors used in the hydrometallurgy are considered using Tekhnosorb-1M carbon-carbon sorbent as an example. The results of the use of this material under industrial conditions at OOO NPF Baltiiskaya Manufaktura, one of the largest scale producers of cobalt salts in Russia, are also discussed.