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O Programa Etnomatemática é um programa de pesquisa em história e filosofia da Mate- mática, com implicações pedagógicas, que se situa num quadro mais amplo que a disciplina matemática. O objetivo do Programa Etnomatemática é compreender como, ao longo da his- tória e em todos os locais do planeta, indivíduos, famílias, comunidades, profissões, tribos, nações e povos lidaram com seu ambiente natural e social e explicaram e entenderam fatos e fenômenos, comportamentos e conhecimentos. Preliminarmente, deixo claro que o Programa Etnomatemática não privilegia espaço e tempo específicos, mas reconhece que o conjunto de modos, artes e técnicas de lidar, explicar, entender o ambiente próximo e remoto é a quintessência de uma cultura. Os impulsionadores da evolução de uma cultura são a criação de meios de sobrevivência e a busca de transcender a sobrevivência, isto é, de dar sentido aos modos de saber e de fazer de seus indivíduos e reconhecer como e por que grupos de indivíduos, organizados como famílias, comunidades, profissões, tribos, nações e povos, exe- cutam suas práticas. A história da humanidade retrata a dinâmica do encontro de culturas. A dinâmica cultural, seja temporal, isto é, no encontro de gerações, seja espacial, isto é, resultado de deslocamento de indivíduos ou grupos de indivíduos, é intrínseca ao Programa Etnomatemática. as açonando-se invençfotos. tuaçuças para.

Women’s small-scale, part-time fishing and gleaning activities globally may contribute nearly 3 million tonnes of seafood, with a landed value of around $5.6 billion. In many cultures and contexts around the world, fishing (like hunting) is considered a male domain and is closely associated with masculinity. Moving along the fish value chain from fishing to processing, more women appear. In fact, much of the labour needed to convert fish into consumable products is done by women. The role of women is more visible in seafood processing, especially on an industrial scale, than in fishing activities.

The exclusion of women from organizing bodies is a key challenge facing women in Japan’s coastal fisheries. In Japan, the Fishery Cooperative Associations (FCAs) are key entities in the effort to protect the environment in coastal fisheries. They manage traditional fishing rights with legal support from the government, and are embedded into a multi-layer management system – including Total Allowable Catch controls for some species, effort control by Total Allowable Effort, prefectural government licensing systems, and traditional rights based management. Women in Japanese coastal communities have been organized and connected to FCAs for many years.

As a result of the coronavirus pandemic and nationwide lockdown, fisherwomen in Maharashtra, India, have few fallback options. The Guhagar fishing village lies in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra state in India. It has about 450 fisher families. Earlier, the regular routine for the fisherwomen of the village centred around visiting the beach and fish landing sites early in the morning to gather and buy fish that they would later sell. Since 25 March this year, India has been under an unprecedented nationwide lockdown to contain the spread of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus disease. This has severely impacted all economic activity in the country. For fish workers along the fish value chain this has meant a total stoppage of all work, and loss of income. ‘Because of COVID-19, for almost a month, all fishing activities have stopped and fishers have no income. Traditional fishers are like daily wage workers who go to the sea daily to catch fish and earn their livelihood,’ said Ujwala Jaykisan Patil, a Mumbai based fisherwoman leader of the Maharashtra Machhimar Kruti Samiti.

Declining incomes and ageing villages mean that women are likely to be the mainstay of families and communities in the small-scale fisheries in Southeast Asia. In the last few decades, attention on and analysis of women in fisheries and aquaculture have changed tremendously, especially in Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, just talking about women’s role in fisheries was considered to be new. Later on, women in the fisheries network emerged with the leadership of the Mekong River Commission, and Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries symposiums started to be organized. However, the discussion was mainly around gender division of labour.

The Practical Guide for Gender Analysis in Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture is aimed at providing guidance to SEAFDEC (Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center) Departments and ASEAN Member States in the implementation of the SEAFDEC gender strategy as well as human rights-based and gender-equitable approaches in the whole value chain of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in Southeast Asia. Program/project managers, researchers, and fishery officers of the ASEAN Member States (AMSs) and fisheries-related organizations including SEAFDEC are the target audience.

On 19 March 2010, in Banjul, The Gambia, men and women professionals from the artisanal fishing sector from nine West African countries presided over the formation and launch of the African Confederation of Artisanal Fishing Organisations: CAOPA. Ten years later, CAOPA has become an advocacy platform for African artisanal fishing community rights, entering into dialogue with African decision makers, as well as with international partners, like the EU and the FAO. CAOPA is now also stronger: it has member organisations in 24 countries from West, East, and North Africa and from the Indian Ocean. Every 21st November, CAOPA uses the occasion of the World Fisheries Day to establish its advocacy agenda for the year to come.

AKTEA is the European network of women in fisheries and its main objective is to lobby at European Union level for women rights in fisheries. It was established in 2006 by fisherwomen organisations from different European countries who collectively volunteered to take this movement forward. For several years AKTEA was unable to organise its annual meeting due to lack of financial resources, amongst other reasons. In February 2020, however, the network was able to meet thanks to the partnership collaboration established with Low Impact Fishers in Europe (LIFE) and the financial support provided by the MAVA foundation.

Did you know that there is a small fishing village called Marianad, in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India, which owes a lot of its history to a public health nurse from Bergamo – the epicentre of the novel coronavirus outbreak in Italy? This nurse, Lauretta Farina, 86, passed away on 12 March 2020, in a retirement home in Bergamo.

Women fishers, shrimp peelers and mollusk workers in Costa Rica identify priority areas for the recognition and formalisation of their work.

A report on gender and equity in the global health and social workforce. How do we address the question of inequality in global health infrastructure, especially during the pandemic grip of COVID-19? The report, produced by the WHO Global Health Workforce Network’s Gender Equity Hub is the latest gender and equity analysis on the health workforce – looking collectively for the first time at issues of leadership: decent work free from all forms of discrimination and harassment, including sexual harassment; gender pay gap; and occupational segregation across the entire workforce.

The 60th issue of Yemaya, being brought out after a gap of a year, coincides with a time of global crisis, when nations and communities across the world are battling the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic. It is a time for sombre thought and reflection. This pandemic has also locked down coastal fishing communities and seriously impacted livelihoods. The case study from Maharashtra, India, in this issue of Yemaya, details the impact on women fishers. Earnings have dropped because of lack of fish, market access, traditional credit sources and clear government policy enabling relief. In India, the government’s move to keep the fishing sector open during lockdown helped to vindicate the importance of the sector but the curfew-like conditions of the prevailing lockdown prevented women fishers from availing the benefits of the move. Clearly, the challenges before women fishers and fishworkers have multiplied.

While Seychelles Blue Bond scheme for conservation funding is often portrayed in glowing terms, the initiative has several inherent contradictions.

Without proper implementation of the SSF Guidelines, plans for the Blue Economy and Blue Growth will come to naught for small-scale fisheries. The European Union presents the Blue Economy and Blue Growth as follows: “Europe can unlock the untapped potential for growth in its blue economy while safeguarding biodiversity and protecting the environment. Traditional sectors such as maritime transport and maritime and coastal tourism will gain in competitiveness. Growing emerging sectors, such as ocean renewable energy and blue biotechnology, can become a key to creating more jobs, clean energy, and more products and services.”

Reflections on the ICSF workshop and recommendations to India’s draft National Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy (NIFAP), September 2019. The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) organized a national workshop to discuss the draft National Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy (NIFAP), being finalized by India’s Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. The main objectives of the workshop, held in Kolkata on September 6-7, 2019, were to review existing social and ecological knowledge-gaps, to develop long-term and short-term recommendations—action points—for implementation, to integrate the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (the SSF Guidelines) with NIFAP, and to build capacity and awareness of fishers and fishworkers about the draft policy and its realization.

At the core of the unique flavours and tastes of the East Java cuisine of Indonesia is the traditional artisanal fish processing technique of pindang. Sumenep Regency is located at the eastern end of the Madura Islands in Indonesia’s East Java province. It is known for its large fishery and marine potential. Several types of fishing gear exist in Madura, mainly the payang, a type of seine net, very common and essential among fishermen. The payang resembles a trawl net. By design, it has wings and a ‘cod end’ on the upper part of the net, supported by floats, and weights that secure the lower end. The second type of gear, introduced by the Indonesian government in Madura in 1976 to promote efficiency, is the purse seine. The purse seine fishery is characterized by high productivity and a larger scale, compared with the payang seine.

Renewed calls for marine conservation must not bulldoze the democratic route that has allowed small island nations to improve fisheries and incomes without damaging the marine ecology. I wanted to share some concerns regarding the danger that threatens to disrupt the management of the Pacific Islands’ signature fisheries and main independent source of income. There have been renewed calls for 30 per cent marine protected areas (MPAs) that sound suspiciously over-simplistic. Community-conserved areas come at many scales and the Pacific Islands’ chances of ensuring a multinational indigenous conserved area are threatened.

If managed sensibly, inland water bodies can go a long way to provide India with a sustainable future and food security for its population. Fish production in India registered a remarkable 16-fold increase during the last six decades to reach 12.59 mn tonnes (MT) in 2017-18, propelling the country to the position of the second-largest fish-producing nation in the world. During this period, the share of inland fish production has increased from 30 per cent to 70 per cent, and the present inland fish production has reached 8.9 MT. More than 14 mn fishers and fish farmers depend on fishing and fish farming for their livelihoods; many times more than that number eke out their living through support and ancillary activities like fish processing, trade and making of fishing craft and gear.

With the death of Sidney Holt late last year, the world lost a man blessed with a towering intellect, boundless curiosity and an unwavering commitment to conservation. Sidney began his professional life in 1947 at the Fisheries Laboratory in Lowestoft, UK. Michael Graham was the lab’s director then and he set Sidney on the path that led, a decade later, to the publication of what is often called the Bible of fisheries science and which he co-authored with Ray Beverton. Titled On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations, that seminal work, frequently described as the most-cited reference in fisheries science, continues to underpin fisheries management to this day. Not bad for a first effort!

The fishing industry in south-central Vietnam relies on co-management and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM) to sustain the health of coastal marine areas. Vietnam’s 3,260-km coastline hosts a diversity of marine resources such as coral reefs and seagrass beds as well as more than 1,080 species of fish. The health of Vietnam’s coastal and marine ecosystems is fundamental to the food security, livelihoods and social stability of more than 4 mn Vietnamese people who directly or indirectly benefit from the exploitation of marine resources. Small-scale fisheries are abundant in Bind Dinh, located in the south-central coast of Vietnam, making up nearly 40 per cent of the country’s small-scale fishing fleet. Fishing is a common source of livelihood and income generation at the household level.

This photo-essay depicts the practice of aratu fishing carried out by women in the mangroves of northeastern Brazil. Aratu (Goniopsis cruentata) are small, reddish crustaceans that live on the branches of mangroves. They are processed and sold, the sweetness of the meat making them a prized delicacy. Aratu fishing is carried out mostly by women, for whom it is a source of income, allowing them to get by without formal employment, and offering a certain freedom in their lives. Unlike the crab, the aratu is a fast breeder but both types of crustaceans have their own pros and cons. “If aratu bred like crab, there wouldn’t be much to pick since there are a lot of people fishing. We’re lucky that it reproduces fast. Crab is less labour intensive and fetches more money. Aratu has to be picked before it is sold; crab doesn’t need any such processing”

Oil spill disasters in the ocean often devastate marine and coastal ecosystems, profoundly affecting fisheries resources and fishing communities. Urgent and early-warning actions are needed to avoid a tragedy in biomes and communities when such accidents occur. In late-July 2019, Brazilian fishers alerted the first oil slick reaching the coast of Paraíba, weeks before the recognition of the biggest-ever oil spill disaster ever recorded in Brazil, extending across the entire North-eastern coast of the country. Their early voices were not properly heeded but those signals escalated into a gigantic spread of petroleum slicks. Almost 1,000 different localities were affected, including beaches, mangroves, rivers and “protected” areas. All the nine states of the region, encompassing a 2,300-km long shoreline, switched on a red light.

There is no reason to wait for consensus on what is justice before we do something about injustice in small-scale fisheries. With the Blue Economy/Blue Growth now spreading around the world, I believe the issue of social justice for small-scale fisheries is an important and increasingly urgent issue, also for social research. We now have the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines), a landmark achievement when member-states of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) endorsed them in June 2014. I believe that if states do nothing to implement the guidelines, the Blue Economy will come at a loss to small-scale fisheries. Then the many injustices they have faced for so long will only exacerbate.

Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to 202 countries and territories, leading to 14,508,892 confirmed cases and 606,206 deaths as on 20 July, 2020. ICSF SAMUDRA and DC daily news alerts have tracked the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on fisheries value chains since the early stages of the pandemic. Launched in May, ICSF’s new website (https://covid.icsf.net) has drawn on these news alerts and information from ICSF’s networks of members and partners to map the effects of lockdown restrictions, closure of markets and restaurants, and changes in demand and supply of fish and fish products around the world.

The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelohoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 84, dated December 2020, features a range of articles from countries around the world like Peru, Kiribati, Belize, France, the Philippines, Brazil, Ghana, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.The issue also carries articles that discuss small-scale fisheries (SSF) and the SSF Guidelines, the ocean economy, tourism and labour rights, among other topics.

Yemaya No. 60, dated April 2020, features articles from India, Costa Rica, Japan, European Union, and a special supplement, Turning Points: A decade of change for women in fisheries. The article from India details the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on women fishworkers in Mumbai. The Costa Rican article shows how the women fishers, shrimp peelers and mollusc workers identify their priority areas for the recognition and formalization of work. The article from Japan looks at the challenge of excluding women from fishery cooperative associations. The article from Africa looks at the gradual transformation of the African Confederation of Artisanal Fishing Organization (CAOPA) from 2010 onwards. The article talks about how the organization made gender issues as a priority area in their advocacy work. The article on Southeast Asia narrates the story of how declining incomes and ageing villages mean that women are likely to be the mainstay of families and communities in the small-scale fisheries. The article on small-scale fisheries and the contribution of women highlights that part-time fishing and gleaning activities globally may contribute nearly 3 million tonnes of seafood, with a landed value of around US$5.6 bn. The article on AKTEA, The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture, looks at what are the challenges and the way forward for the network.In her review of the recently published book, "Practical Guide for Gender Analysis in Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture in Southeast Asia", Susana Siar looks at how the book is designed to support the SSF Guidelines. The Yemaya Supplement, Turning Points: A decade of change for women in fisheries, focuses on a change that has happened over a decade: a truthful appreciation of women’s role in fisheries. Their involvement in the sector follows a similar arc the world over, despite wide differences in society, culture, politics and economics. This supplement is an effort to understand and identify the main factors affecting this over the decade -- the causes that have shaped their role, both positively and negatively. The Profile column looks at how a fishing village in India mourns the death of an Italian nurse, Lauretta Farina of Bergamo. The Milestones column features a recently published report of the WHO Global Health Workforce. The report calls for gender-transformative policies and measures to be put in place if global targets for better health and gender outcomes are to be followed.

The Roundup includes recent publications, films added to our Documentation centre, meetings coming up, websites which are important to small-scale fisheries, flashback of editorial from old issues of Samudra report related to the theme and Endquote from the world of literature related to fisheries.

The international democratic process has come a long way in realizing the role of fish in the right to food and nutrition–and yet, a map of the road ahead needs to be laid out. Even though the last century has seen great socioeconomic advances and improvement in human well-being worldwide, much work remains to be done to realize the ultimate goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to contribute to a “world free from hunger and malnutrition, where food and agriculture contribute to improving the living standards of all, especially the poorest and marginalized in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner”.

The 1960 UN Conference on the Law of the Sea failed to reach agreement on the breadth of the territorial sea and fishing limits, with India, Chile and Ecuador playing decisive roles. The road to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was littered with failed treaty-making conferences. In 1930, a League of Nations conference broke up without a decision over territorial waters. In 1958, a UN conference failed to agree on the breadth of the territorial sea and associated fishing limits. In 1960, a follow-up UN conference to decide these two outstanding questions collapsed.

While small-scale fishers in Indonesia have not been hit by COVID-19 infections, the lockdown measures and economic policies have left them more vulnerable. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has forced changes across the world. After cases spread rapidly outside Wuhan, China since January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. As the number of confirmed cases of infection crossed 31 mn in September, with more than 1 mn deaths, the pandemic has spread to about 200 countries. The United States, Brazil, India and Russia have recorded the greatest numbers.

By reminding us of the connection between food, health systems, sustainable development and human rights, the global COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to build forward better. Even as we celebrate the contributions of small-scale fisheries to nutrition and food security within a rights-based framework, which is part of an ICSF campaign, we ought not to forget the context in which these are located. The global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly referred to as COVID-19, has swung the spotlight to illness, wellness and immunity. Precisely therein lies the importance of fish as food in various contexts and for diverse actors along the marine and inland fisheries value chain.

The latest issue of the women-in-fisheries newsletter of the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF), Yemaya No.61, dated August 2020, features articles and interviews from Brazil, Costa Rica, France, India, Indonesia, Mexico and Senegal. The lead article is on small-scale fisheries and food security and the issue also carries a photo essay on the practice of Aratu fishing in the mangrove forests of Brazil.The Costa Rica article, by Maria Suarez Toro, looks at how the harsh economic impact of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic-related lockdown has spurred fisherwomen to return to their traditional sources of livelihood. Emmanuelle Yhuel -Bertin looks at the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on small-scale fishing in Lorient, France, and how it is vividly captured in the pages of a diary maintained by a gillnetter skipper’s spouse. The article has been translated from French by Daniele Le Sann.The article from Indonesia, by Dedi Adhuri, points out how incomes from both harvest and post-harvest activities have dried up, leaving fishers in the lurch, adding to the anxieties of women who must make arrangements to survive from one day to the next.Inés López-Ercilla, Jorge Torre, Neyra Solano, and Francisco Fernández, in their article on Mexico, argue that, as in other countries, the experience of sheltering at home has led to increased domestic violence against women. Women in the small-scale fishing sector in Mexico are key drivers ensuring food security and community wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic.Ria Fitriana and Maria Kurupat, in their article on Indonesia, looks at how the changing land-use patterns threatens the livelihood of female crab collectors in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia.The article by Julie Lalluet-Geffroy,translated from French by Gildas, portraits a resolute mussel farmer, Amélie Dennebouy, who has challenged gender stereotypes to become a successful mussel entrepreneur in Pénestin, France.Nicole Franz, in her article, provides a brief overview of relevant international legal instruments and processes on small-scale fisheries contributions to rights to food and nutrition security, with a focus on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).In Assane Deme’s interview (transcript prepared by Beatrice Gorez and translated from French to English by Gildas) with Mme Diaba Diop, general secretary of Pencum, Senegal, she points out that it is imperative that States extend all possible support to fishing communities, particularly to women and other vulnerable sections, in order to mitigate the dual challenge of growing food insecurity amidst the spread of Covid-19. There is a need for rehabilitating the processing sites, she added. Women would require field training to master new techniques.Beatriz Mesquita,Lorena Franca and Luciecia Cristina Moraiss da Silva, in their interview with Sandra Gomes, President of the Association of Indigenous Communities of the Middle Negro River ( ACIMRN), speaks about the challenge indigenous communities are facing due to Covid-19.Vishakha Gpta, in the Yemaya Recommends section, poins out that the film, Seguridad Alimentaria (Food Security) shows how activities such as fishing and clam gathering are experiences through which the community connects and continues to pass on their heritage.In the Profile column, Nasser Kasozi writes about how the work of Lovin Kobusiye is an example of new entrepreneurship emerging in pan-African fisheries and aquaculture.In the Whats New Webby? section, Manas Roshan writes about how ICSF’s new website, https://covid.icsf.net presents information on specific sectoral issues affected by Covid-19 and also disseminates new information as signs of recovery from the pandemic.In the Milestones section, Ahana Lakshmi speaks about how the new book, "The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020", indicates that women now have better access to decision-making positions at the local level, mainly through legislated quotas.This issue of the Yemaya also carries the ever-popular cartoon strip, Yemaya Mama ('A fishy deal’).The current issue can be accessed at:https://www.icsf.net/en/yemaya/article/EN/61.html?limitstart=0

Publicación virtual de un nuevo número de la Revista SAMUDRA en castellano. El último número de la Revista SAMUDRA, publicación cuatrimestral del Colectivo Internacional de Apoyo al Pescador Artesanal (CIAPA), se encuentra disponible en lengua española en

SAMUDRA Report No. 82, dated February 2020, features articles on fisheries from around the world. The current issue has extensive analysis and commentary on the Blue Economy and Blue Growth. The article from Seychelles analyzes the several contradictions in the conservation initiative of the country’s Blue Bond scheme, while the one from Sri Lanka points out that the National Fisheries Policy needs to be remodelled to incorporate the SSF Guidelines. Yet another says that women in fisheries can utilize the SSF Guidelines to advance their interests and build a common vision. The biggest-ever oil spill disaster in Brazil's history points to the need for State-sponsored disaster management, says another report. From neighbouring Chile comes a piece that argues for a new type of autonomous social movement to create a democratic and representative Constitution. India's draft National Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy (NIFAP) is analyzed in one article, while another explains how artisanal fishers’ experiential knowledge can help address many problems, including climate change. SAMUDRA Report No. 82 also carries an obituary tribute to Sidney Holt, a towering intellect and a committed conservationist, who died late last year.

Against the backdrop of the need to operationalize the SSF Guidelines in a participatory manner, the role of the local governance system of India cannot be overemphasized. As a complement to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has developed the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (the SSF Guidelines). The objectives of the SSF Guidelines are to be achieved “...by empowering small-scale fishing communities, including both men and women, to participate in decision-making processes”, paying “...particular attention... to decentralized and local government structures directly involved in governance and development processes together with small-scale fishing communities...”. The CCRF and the SSF Guidelines are global instruments aimed at states and fishing communities, in particular, towards long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources and sustainable development.

Este artigo é baseado no relato de experiência de uma professora que participou de um curso de Psicopedagogia em que eu ministrava aulas na disciplina Dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática. Durante as nove semanas de realização do curso, meus alunos, no geral professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, buscam refletir sobre os conhecimentos prévios das crianças dessas séries relativos a determinados temas matemáticos e sobre alternativas de abordagens na sala de aula que levem em conta as possibilidades das crianças na construção de noções matemáticas. No início do curso, os professores escolhem um tema para realizar uma pequena investigação com seus alunos e ao final do curso apresentam um trabalho em que descrevem a pesquisa realizada e analisam as atividades desenvolvida pelos seus alunos. Para este artigo escolhi uma investigação sobre os conhecimentos prévios das crianças de uma quarta série sobre construções de gráficos de colunas.

The Darawa community in the Wakatobi National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, manages their octopus fishery by working tirelessly with community-based organizations. It was a beautiful and sunny Sunday. The Darawa village community in the Wakatobi National Park, in Indonesia’s Southeast Sulawesi, was preparing to celebrate. The occasion was the first opening of Fulua Nto’oge, the 50 ha fishing site off One Mbiha beach which had been closed for three months. White steam billowed from four large cooking pots, stacked neatly over the fires. There were intoxicating aromas of lapa-lapa (rice cakes wrapped in coconut leaves) and seafood stews made from the most recent catch of crabs, squid, clams and snappers.

Women in the small scale fishing sector in Mexico are key drivers ensuring food security and community wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have surpassed all imaginable scenarios. The global crisis moves fast and changes quickly, hence forcing people to adapt and navigate through uncertainty as never before. Every generation faces impacts that shake their minds and force them to leave their comfort zone. This is an impact for a lifetime, for current and new generations. Other shocks have posed risks to fisheries before; some of them being global (climate change), regional (overfishing) or even local (illegal fishing, poverty, poor fishing management tools, lack of enforcement), to name only a few. However, the impact of the current pandemic greatly eclipses these in terms of scale and outcome.

The Yemaya Supplement, Turning Points: A decade of change for women in fisheries, focuses on a change that has happened over a decade: a truthful appreciation of women’s role in fisheries. Their involvement in the sector follows a similar arc the world over, despite wide differences in society, culture, politics and economics. This supplement is an effort to understand and identify the main factors affecting this over the decade -- the causes that have shaped their role, both positively and negatively.

The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has released the latest edition of Yemaya, its newsletter on gender and fisheries.Yemaya No. 62, dated December 2020, features articles from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Ghana, Mexco and the conversation between Meryl Williams, Danika Klieber and Kate Bevitt.The article from Bangladesh by Md. Mujibul Haque Munir reveals that women in Bangladesh’s coastal fishing continue to remain largely unrecognized and that urgent steps are needed to rectify this situation.The article from Myanmar by Angela Lentisco looks at the challenge of FAO’s FishAdapt project in strengthening the adaptive capacity and resilience of fisheries -and aquaculture dependent livelihoods and limited opportunity to work as wage labour in the commercial fishing business.The article from Ghana by Naana Nkansah Agyekum looks at the gradual transformation of the ahotor oven which represents an improvement on the widely used chorkor smoke. The ahotor oven is energy efficient and helps women fish processors reduce the quantity of firewood in smoking fish.The conversation between Kate Bevitt, Danika Kleiber and Meryl Williams focuses on the collaborative study, Illuminating Hidden Harvests. The conversation highlights the under recognition and under reporting of women’s work.

Not only is fish an important part of nutrition in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), but it is also a major–and unrecognized–element of trade. Fish and fish products are a primary source of protein and essential nutrients in the human diet. Various fish and other aquatic species are available from both marine and fresh water in every country of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. These fish make a significant contribution to the nutrition and food security of people in southern Africa.

The President of the Association of Indigenous Communities of the Middle Negro River (ACIMRN), Sandra Gomes, speaks about the challenges indigenous communities face due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Negro River in the Amazon region is the largest black water river in the world. Its basin area of approximately 750,000 sq. km accounts for seven percent of the total area of the Amazon basin, and its length from pre-Andean Colombia to its mouth, is approximately 1,700 km, making it the Amazon’s largest tributary.

More than the COVID-19 pandemic itself, the lockdowns to prevent its spread have harder hit Nigeria’s unorganized small-scale fishers. The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally struck all facets of life in affected countries and the small-scale fisheries (SSF) of Nigeria are no exception. The pandemic has hit the country’s small fishers both directly and indirectly. Small operators are the bulk of Nigeria’s fisheries sector. They account for 70 per cent of the domestic fish production, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people in one way or another; the dependence on local fish species for economic and food security is evidently large. SSF provides an accessible, cheap and rich source of protein and essential micronutrients to the rural population. Their impact on social, economic and cultural spheres is immense.

A brief overview of relevant global findings and processes on the contributions of small-scale fisheries and rights to food and nutrition security, with a focus on the FAO

This issue was designed as a special edition to complement ICSF's campaign celebrating the contributions of small-scale fisheries to nutrition and food security within a human-rights-based framework. As the SAMUDRA Comment notes, the COVID-19 pandemic reminds us of the connection between food, health systems, sustainable development and human rights, and offers an opportunity to build back and build forward better.The articles in this edition of SAMUDRA Report – from 10 countries in Africa, Asia, South America and Oceania – reflect on the pandemic's impacts on fisheries, and situates the components of food security in the lives and livelihoods of SSF in several countries.The individual articles are as follows:Indonesia: COVID-19 lockdown measures have struck small-scale fishersUnited States: COVID-19 relief measures have favoured industrial operatorsBrazil: COVID-19 threatens the lives and livelihoods of vulnerable indigenous communities in the AmazonMalawi: Fish is an unrecognized element of trade in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)Ghana: A study explored how access to affordable small fish will reduce hunger and improve nutritionIndonesia: The unique flavours of the East Java cuisine come from the traditional fish processing technique of pindangTimor-Leste: The island nation is closing the gender gap while also providing food securityIndia: Managed sensibly, inland water bodies can provide the country with sustainable food securityIndia: The use of fishmeal to grow shrimp is exporting the precious nutrition that India’s children deserveAnalysis: A roadmap is needed for the role of fish in the right to food and nutritionNigeria: More than COVID-19 itself, the lockdowns have hit the country's unorganized small-scale fishers harderPacific Islands: The push for 30 percent MPAs must not bypass the democratic route used by small island nations to improve fisheries and incomesAnalysis: The 1960 UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) failed to reach agreement, with India, Chile and Ecuador playing decisive rolesSSF / Blue Economy: There is no reason to wait for consensus on what is justice before acting on injustice in small-scale fisheriesReview: An award-winning film captures the complexities of small-scale fishers and fish processors in West Africa

Lovin Kobusingye is a well-known young woman fish entrepreneur working in Central Uganda’s Wakiso District. For over eight years, she, along with her two partners and over a thousand other fish farmers, has worked on fish processing and value addition. At the same time, she has persistently lobbied the government to support women-led entrepreneurship through an enabling policy framework designed to protect women in fisheries activities both in Uganda and, at a higher level, throughout Africa.