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The wireless personal area network (WPAN) is an emerging wireless technology for future short range indoor and outdoor communication applications. The IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) is proposed to coordinate the access to the wireless medium among the competing devices, especially for short range and high data rate applications in home networks. In this paper we use analytical modeling to study the performance analysis of WPAN (IEEE 802.15.3) MAC in terms of throughput, efficient bandwidth utilization, and delay with various ACK policies under error channel condition. This allows us to introduce a K-Dly-ACK-AGG policy, payload size adjustment mechanism, and Improved Backoff algorithm to improve the performance of the WPAN MAC. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the impact of our improvements on network capacity. Moreover, these results can be very useful to WPAN application designers and protocol architects to easily and correctly implement WPAN for home networking.

Wireless communication at 60 GHz, aka mmWave, provides extremely high data rates, i.e., several Gb/s. Moreover, devices have a much shorter transmission range as compared to those operating in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Indeed, links can be treated as pseudo-wires with minimal interference leakage. As a result, future 60 GHz systems will have very high spatial reuse. This, however, is at the expense of high propagation loss, which can be overcome using directional or smart antennas. Another promising solution is to employ relays to boost the signal of weak links. In particular, if relays are properly selected, they are able to offer higher data rates than direct links, and also help circumvent obstacles. To this end, we review state-of-the-art schedulers that take advantage of the high spatial re-use afforded by 60 GHz wireless systems to activate multiple links within a channel time allocation. Moreover, we survey works that use passive and active relays to overcome obstacles and to facilitate novel applications. We also survey those that maximize both spatial reuse and throughput of both direct and indirect (relay) links simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel mechanism for access control and resource allocation in a parent/child IEEE 802.15.3 network is proposed. The main objective is twofold; first the idea of using a dynamic superframe size that ensures the efficient use of the superframe is implemented; second, two approaches for resource allocation among child PicoNet Coordinators (PNCs) and DEVices (DEVs) based on the dynamic superframe idea are proposed. These approaches, referred to as ' Algorithm with utilization threshold' and ' Algorithm with threshold and service differentiation', are studied in comparison with a basic approach. They share the concepts of the dynamic superframe size, the prioritization of child PNCs over DEVs and the admission control strategy. They are then differentiated by applying the superframe utilization threshold concept in the ' Algorithm with utilization threshold' and the addition of service differentiation in the ' Algorithm with threshold and service differentiation'. The superframe utilization threshold allows more devices to access the shared superframe, whereas the service differentiation guarantees the quality of service (QoS) requirements for real-time traffic requests. The proposed mechanism seeks to apply a compromise between the devices satisfaction, the QoS requirements and the requests rejection rate to induce fairness and service differentiation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms provide high satisfaction for both child PNCs and DEVs with greater satisfaction for the child PNCs. The superiority of using the dynamic superframe size over the fixed superframe size is also shown by the efficient use of the superframe and the minimized delay between the channel time allocations of the same device in the subsequent superframes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY IEEE 802.15.3 is devised for short-distance wireless connectivity within a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In WPANs, a power management (PM) mechanism is used for power saving. The PM enables devices to sleep for one or more superframes in order to conserve power. Space division multiple access (SDMA) is a new technology to optimize performance of current and future mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose an SDMA-based PM scheme, called enhanced min-degree searching (EMDS) for WPANs. EMDS orders the streams among multiple devices to minimize the total wake-up times. In this scheme, every device that can transmit data at the same time is checked using the SDMA. The total wake-up times will be reduced substantially if the majority of the devices can transmit data at the same time. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed EMDS outperforms that of the existing approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEEE 802.15.3 High data rate wireless personal area networks (HDR WPANs) have been developed to communicate with devices within 10 m at high speed. A mesh network made up of a parent piconet and several child piconets can support multi-hop communications. Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been expected to be the ultimate solution for the next decade wireless networking, showing rapid progress and many new inspiring applications. The international standardization organizations formed working groups to address the problem of standardization for WMNs. These groups were the IEEE 802.15.5 (mesh extensions for WPANs),the IEEE 802.11s (mesh extensions for WLANs), and the IEEE 802.16a (mesh extensions for WiMAX). The IEEE 802.15.5 standard is the standard which defines specifications for including multi-hop functionality in the legacy 802.15.3 and 802.15.4 low data rate (LDR) WPAN networks. The impetus for a WPAN to operate in a mesh topology is to increase the network coverage without increasing the transmit power, to increase the route reliability via route redundancy, self-configuration, and efficient use of device battery life. In the case of meshed WPANs, multiple WPAN clusters compete for channel time in a shared superframe. Therefore, it is essential to determine the channel time requirements of each cluster with a certain number of devices and to determine how these clusters can compete to the shared channel time. In this paper, we investigate the different resource allocation mechanisms related to the meshed HDR WPANs for the 802.15.3 and the 802.15.5 standards. We introduce the single hop and the multi-hop IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN architectures. This is followed by the introduction of the IEEE 802.15.5 standard that provides the mesh capabilities for extending the coverage area of HDR WPANs. The current on-going research issues for resource allocation, including beacon interference, reservation collision etc., in both meshed 802.15.3 and 802.15.5 are alluded to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In IEEE 802.15.3 wireless personal area networks, the acknowledgement (ACK) mechanism has significant impact on the overall throughput. In this paper, we propose a channel adaptive ACK (CA-ACK) mechanism where an ACK is selectively transmitted depending on wireless channel conditions to maximize the data throughput. Specifically, an ACK is transmitted only when the frame error rate is greater than a pre-defined threshold; this threshold is derived for a given payload size and data rate using developed analytical models. Simulation results demonstrate that CA-ACK improves the throughput adaptively to varying channel conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High data rate wireless technologies are now becoming a reality, and have spurred the development of new applications that were previously hindered by the lack of capacity. In particular, it is now possible to stream high definition movies from a laptop to a sound system and flat screen television seamlessly. One of the key enablers of such applications is the IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) protocol, which is designed to support bandwidth intensive applications in wireless personal area networks (WPANs). A key observation is that a significant number of multi-media applications rely on the transmission control protocol (TCP). Unfortunately, little works have conducted a thorough performance study of TCP over the IEEE 802.15.3 MAC. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15.3 specification does not specify any strategies for allocating time slots. This paper therefore contributes to the current state-of-the-art in the following manners. From our extensive analytical and simulation studies, we reveal the impacts of different channel time allocation methods and acknowledgment policies on the performance of TCP, with particular attention on round trip time, congestion window growth, and packet recovery. We then present the following guidance to application developers: (1) channel time allocations (CTAs) should be distributed evenly over the superframe and have durations determined by TCP’s maximum congestion window, (2) CTA positioning has no impact on TCP’s performance, and (3) the specified delayed acknowledgment policy needs to be augmented with an adaptive algorithm that adjusts its burst size dynamically to varying bit error rate (BER). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wireless personal area network (WPAN) is an emerging wireless technology for future short range indoor and outdoor communication applications. The IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) is proposed to coordinate the access to the wireless medium among the competing devices, especially for short range and high data rate applications in home networks. In this paper we use analytical modeling to study the performance analysis of WPAN (IEEE 802.15.3) MAC in terms of throughput, efficient bandwidth utilization, and delay with various ACK policies under error channel condition. This allows us to introduce a K-Dly-ACK-AGG policy, payload size adjustment mechanism, and Improved Backoff algorithm to improve the performance of the WPAN MAC. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the impact of our improvements on network capacity. Moreover, these results can be very useful to WPAN application designers and protocol architects to easily and correctly implement WPAN for home networking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the performances in terms of system throughput and response time of various channel-aware scheduling algorithms for both MPEG streams and non-MPEG flows in a high-data-rate (HDR) wireless personal area network (WPAN). The algorithms under investigation are the shortest remaining processing time rule, the exponential rule, the modified largest weighted delay first rule, the maximum rate rule, and the proportionally fair rule. Decodability issues are taken care of by means of the frame-decodability aware technique and the burst transfer eligibility decision mechanism. The impacts of a number of factors including deadline and interference-plus-noise level are also examined. The investigations are carried out through extensive ns-2 simulations. Based on the numerical results, we propose a heuristic scheduling algorithm for MPEG streams that outperforms the above algorithms in terms of system throughput. The findings are useful for system designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, two ultrawideband (UWB) standards have been proposed as high-speed physical technologies for next-generation wireless personal area networks (WPANs). These standards are based on multiband orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (MB-OFDM) UWB or direct-sequence UWB (DS-UWB). However, because of the withdrawal of the plan for a unique standardization process by the IEEE 802.15.3a task group (TG3a), these two technologies will coexist in the future. In this context, this correspondence provides a performance analysis of DS-UWB communication in the presence of MB-OFDM interfering transmissions, where the channel is modeled through the IEEE 802.15.3a standard model, and the network topology for the MB-OFDM interferers is based on a clustered structure as per the IEEE 802.15.3 descriptions for medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specifications for high-rate WPANs. The DS-UWB system performance is assessed in terms of bit error rate (BER). Specifically, an analytical expression for the average BER is derived, conditioned on the channel impulse response using a pulse collision model. Numerical and simulation results are provided and compared for different coexistence scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical model for studying the performance of the delayed acknowledgment (Dly-ACK) mechanism in the IEEE 802.15.3 standard over wireless Rayleigh-fading channel is developed. A three-state Markov chain is applied to approximate the correlated transmission errors. Explicit mathematical expressions for the goodput and efficiency of Dly-ACK are derived. It is found that the correlation between consecutive transmission errors has a significant impact on the goodput and efficiency of the Dly-ACK mechanism. The goodput tends to increase as the size of the Dly-ACK burst increases; however, the amount of increase depends on the underlying delay. Simulation results are given to validate the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a framework for establishment of UWB multi-hop ad hoc networks to improve the efficiency of standard-based multi-hop extension by constructing child or neighbor piconets. Bridge devices (BDEVs) are selected from usual devices with one single network interface by a bridge selection protocol. BDEV is a member of each interconnected piconet. Then, BDEVs are used to build the multi-piconet networks. Each piconet associated with a BDEV follows the 802.15.3 standard. Furthermore, distributed and centralized scheduling schemes are proposed to improve the performance of the scatter ad hoc networks. The distributed schemes are simple and flexible. However, the centralized scheme could achieve better scheduling efficiency. Through simulations, the proposed BDEV scheduling schemes are shown to be effective to extend network coverage in UWB home networks'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEEE 802.15.3, an emerging wireless technology, was designed to provide high-quality multimedia services at home. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for a multimedia connection should be considered in order to achieve higher channel utilization, less buffer and less delay, especially for variable bit rate (VBR) multimedia connections. For real-time VBR videos, the bandwidth requirement should be predicted adaptively for effective channel-time requests. Previously, the adaptive least-mean square (LMS) algorithm with fixed step size was applied to predict channel time requirements due to its simplicity and relatively good performance. However, the performance might degrade when scene changes occurred. In this paper, we modify the variable step-size LMS algorithm and apply it as our predictor (VSSNLMS) so that the prediction errors on scene changes can be effectively reduced. Using the prediction results of VSSNLMS, we propose a dynamic bandwidth-allocation scheme that is scene-change aware and can guarantee the delay bound of real-time VBR videos. Simulation results show that the VSSNLMS predictor is superior to previous LMS-type predictors in performance, and the proposed scheme has better performance in channel utilization, buffer usage, and packet loss [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission is an emerging wireless technology for future short-range indoor and outdoor multimedia applications. To coordinate the access to the wireless medium among the competing devices, the IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) is proposed for short-range high-speed wireless personal area networks (WPANs) in the IEEE 802.15.3a task group. In the MAC, three acknowledgment (ACK) mechanisms are adopted during channel time allocation for error control over the error-prone wireless channel: No-ACK, Immediate-ACK (Imm-ACK), and Delayed-ACK (Dly-ACK). Frames received with errors can be retransmitted in the Imm-ACK and Dly-ACK mechanisms. However, how to optimally use these ACK mechanisms during channel time allocation is still an open issue. In this paper, we investigate how to configure the ACK mechanism parameters in order to achieve optimal throughput performance. We first formulate the throughput optimization problem for a contention-free channel time allocation under error channel condition. We then apply the three ACK mechanisms in the contention access period, to optimize the channel throughput. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the forthcoming fourth-generation (4G) all-IP mobile communications era, apart from the cellular/mobile networks, Wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs) and Local Area Network (LAN) are expected to fulfil the “anywhere and anytime” ubiquitous services'' requirement. Users will request forming “ad hoc” personal area networks to enable personal devices to autonomously inter-communicate, while Wireless LANs will enable communication with colleagues at work, at conferences, at “hot spots”, at home, or on the move. In parallel, advanced sensor devices of the surrounding environment will recognize the user and provide for added value services. In order to achieve this, open standard interfaces and interoperability between devices and manufacturers are mandatory. In this paper, we describe the most important, mature Wireless PAN and LAN standards, and introduce some evolving new standards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Power management (PM) is critical for the portable devices in IEEE 802.15.3 wireless personal area networks (WPAN). Due to the property of TDMA based MAC of 802.15.3, one of the key issues for PM is to schedule the order of the multiple streams among multiple users to minimize the total wakeup times. In this paper, we reveal that this PM problem is in general a Hamilton path problem. With the aid of graph theory, we derive the lower bound and upper bound for the minimum wakeup times. Then, an efficient MDS (min-degree searching) algorithm is proposed to find the suboptimal order. The simulation results show that the MDS algorithm is usually near-optimal and can actually achieve the lower bound in most cases and performs much better than the existing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]