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1. Transdisciplinary innovation in irrigated smallholder agriculture in africa

Author

Serge Marlet, Salia Hanafi, Philippe Ker Rault, Tarek Ajmi, Bandiougou Diawara, Yacouba M. Coulibaly, Jochen Froebrich, Elijah Phiri, Aleksandra Dolinska, Nathaniel Mason, Cai Xueliang, Benson H. Chishala, Christy van Beek, Beatrice Mosello, Insaf Mekki, Joris de Vente, Mohammed Dicko, Constansia D Musvoto, Sebastião Famba, Willem de Clercq, Eva Ludi, Nebo Jovanovic, Naomi Oates, Maite Sánchez Reparaz, Andrei Rozanov, Solomon Habtu, Sami Bouarfa, Chizumba Shepande, Angel De Miguel Garcia, Bréhima Tangara, Teklu Erkossa, Abdelaziz Zairi, Kees van't Klooster, Maria Roble, Sékou Bah, Hanneke Heesmans, Dominique Rollin, Haithem Bahri, Julia Harper, Jean Emmanuel Rougier, Ludivine Pradeleix, Rami Albasha, Bruno Cheviron, Marlene de Witt, Jean Claude Mailhol, Gonzalo G. Barberá, Degol Fissahaye, Alice M. Mweetwa, Erik Querner, Raphaëlle Ducrot, Jean-Yves Jamin, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Overseas Development Institute, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Centro de Edafologia y Biologia aplicada del Segura (CEBAS - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), Stellenbosch University, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), INSTITUT D'ECONOMIE RURALE BAMAKO MLI, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Lisode, Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), German International Cooperation, NUNIVERSIDADE EDUARDO MONDLANE MAPUTO MOZ, Mekelle University, Adelphi, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Technical University of Cartagena (UPTC), IER Niono, Mali, Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali - CRRA Niono (IER - Niono), IER-IER, Cebas-Csic, International Water Management Institute [CGIAR, Sri Lanka] (IWMI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Columbia University [New York], Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena / Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), National funding organizations, especially in Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, Mali and Tunisia, to co-finance staff, infrastructure and activities., European Project: 265471,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-AFRICA-2010,EAU4FOOD(2011), and European Project: 688320,H2020,H2020-WATER-2015-two-stage,MADFORWATER(2016)

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, 0208 environmental biotechnology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Water en Voedsel, 02 engineering and technology, Commission, irrigation, recherche participative, Research process, Engineering, smallholder farming, F06 - Irrigation, Environmental planning, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, E90 - Structure agraire, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, transdisciplinary approach, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Water resource management, Drainage, agriculture familiale, Exploitation agricole familiale, Soil Science, Time frame, transdisciplinary approach, participatory innovation, smallholder farming, irrigation, approche transdisciplinaire, innovation participative, petites exploitations agricoles, irrigation, Recherche sur les systèmes agraires, 12. Responsible consumption, Farm level, Innovation, WIMEK, Water and Food, business.industry, 020801 environmental engineering, smallholder farming, irrigation, Climate Resilience, participatory innovation, Klimaatbestendigheid, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

SI; International audience; Boosting the productivity of smallholder farming systems continues to be a major need in Africa. Challenges relating to how to improve irrigation are multi‐factor and multisectoral, and they involve a broad range of actors who must interact to reach decisions collectively. We provide a systematic reflection on findings from the research project EAU4Food, which adopted a transdisciplinary approach to irrigation for food security research in five case studies in Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, South Africa and Tunisia. The EAU4Food experiences emphasize that actual innovation at irrigated smallholder farm level remains limited without sufficient improvement of the enabling environment and taking note of the wider political economy environment. Most project partners felt at the end of the project that the transdisciplinary approach has indeed enriched the research process by providing different and multiple insights from actors outside the academic field. Local capacity to facilitate transdisciplinary research and engagement with practitioners was developed and could support the continuation and scaling up of the approach. Future projects may benefit from a longer time frame to allow for deeper exchange of lessons learned among different stakeholders and a dedicated effort to analyse possible improvements of the enabling environment from the beginning of the research process. © 2020 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage

Published
2020
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2. A role playing game to address future water management issues in a large irrigated system: Experience from Mali

Author

Bréhima Tangara, Thomas Hertzog, Jean-Christophe Poussin, Jean-Yves Jamin, Indé Kouriba, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech, IER Niono, Mali, Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali - CRRA Niono (IER - Niono), IER-IER, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Blin-Sarah, Sylvie

Subjects
Decision support system, Coping (psychology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water supply, 02 engineering and technology, Périmètre irrigué, Mali, 01 natural sciences, Grande exploitation agricole, F06 - Irrigation, 020701 environmental engineering, Water Science and Technology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Environmental resource management, Participation, Land grabbing, Role playing game, Investissement privé, Pratique culturale, Gestion des eaux, système d'aide à la décision, Irrigation, Méthodologie, Exploitation agricole familiale, media_common.quotation_subject, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Soil Science, Developing country, Conservation de l'eau, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, C20 - Vulgarisation, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, business.industry, Scenario, Environmental economics, Water management, Interdependence, Gestion foncière, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Land development, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Erratum paru dans Agricultural Water Management (2013) 127 p. 124-126; International audience; This paper reports on an experiment undertaken in the Office du Niger irrigation scheme (100,000 ha) in Mali, where the unprecedented development of irrigation driven by large scale investors is dramatically increasing uncertainty surrounding future water management. Coping with future uncertainty in irrigated systems is essential but existing approaches based on scenarios and decision support systems are mainly expert-driven, making them difficult for local users to understand and use on their own. The aim of this study was to design a participatory approach to help local and national stakeholders understand the possible future consequences for water management of scenarios they had built themselves in previous workshops. A role playing game called FOWIS (Future of water in irrigated systems) was designed for this purpose. Two groups (decision makers and local actors) took part and played the roles of family farmers, large scale investors, or the manager of the irrigation scheme. Playing FOWIS increased the players' awareness of each others' strategies and of land development issues, crop choices, and water management. In the local actors' group, applying land development strategies and choosing crops while failing to account for the inevitable increase in water demand led to serious water crises: total demand exceeded water availability by 75%, and the indicator of adequacy dropped to 0.5 for many players. In the decision makers' group, applying a collective strategy to limit water demand, as stipulated in their best case scenario, resulted in an equitable water supply. In this paper, we show how the game enabled participants to understand the interdependencies between future land development, crop choices, and water management, and, in addition, helped them design innovative strategies to limit water demand or to allocate water fairly. Indirectly, it also led them to question their current practices, choices and strategies that would have been impossible in the current context of open tensions concerning land and water allocation. The FOWIS experiment also provided useful information for the further development of non-computer-assisted role playing games in highly uncertain contexts, which is the case of most irrigated systems in developing countries. RPGs that take place in a virtual world could increase stakeholders' capacities to take action with respect to real world issues. (Résumé d'auteur)

Published
2014

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