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The 1990s saw a gain in rural food-processing employment, particularly meat packing and poultry processing, as the industry's demand for low-skilled workers increased. Analysis links the change in worker skills to international trade. While increased rural employment may seem beneficial, the jobs often do not appeal to rural domestic workers, and increased numbers of immigrant workers can strain community services and schools. (SV)

Explores the problems of portraying oil-price shocks using the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model. Presents a simple modification of the model that differentiates between production and absorption of goods, which enables it to better reflect the effects of oil-price shocks on open economies. (RLH)

Models imports as a fixed proportion of spending rather than as a function of total or disposable income. Predicts the initial autonomous change in domestic spending by netting out spending shifts. Presents formulation which provides a clearer understanding of how leakages influence the multiplier process. (RLH)

U.S. jobs supported by exports are more concentrated in medium- and high-skill occupations than jobs displaced by imports, about half of which are low-skill. Exports are also linked to increasing skill requirements for workers in rural manufacturing businesses. However, long-term job creation trends show that domestic demand generates most high-skill jobs. (Author/TD)

Chronicles the geographic and historical locational changes of the textile industry of the U.S. South. Economics of scope, flexible production, and quality of output characterize the contemporary textile industry. Provides basic geographic content enabling a teacher to develop a unit by applying geography to interpret the past and present. (CMK)

Provides a classroom exercise using the restrictive tariffs on sugar to examine issues of protectionism and international trade. Discusses related issues such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the formation of large regional trading blocks. Includes a hands-on calculation of the economic impact of the quota on consumers. (MJP)

Traces the changes in consumer habits for tea and coffee in Iran from the early 15th century (introduction of the beverages) to the late 19th century. Consumption often was tied to regional differentiation and social stratification. Shifting trade routes, especially those involving Russia and England also produced changes. (MJP)

Appraises the long and prosperous sea trade between tsarist Russia and post-revolutionary United States. Freed from their obligatory contracts with Great Britain, the United States began actively importing Russian rope and iron. Trade between the two countries was so prevalent that Anglican churches were built in St. Petersburg for U.S. sailors. (MJP)

Provides a concise overview on export-based, free zone development in the Dominican Republic by examining its influence on three spatial levels: national, regional, and town. Although industrial free zones contribute to job creation and foreign exchange earnings, local authorities are often unable to control urban development. (MJP)

Examines the impact of high and low foreign trade on U.S. employment and occupations. A high-trade scenario portrays stronger world growth and higher domestic demand; a low-trade scenario illustrates poorer economic performance abroad and weaker domestic economy with respect to trade. (Author/JOW)

Asserts that international trade, as compared with international finance or even international economics, is primarily an applied microeconomics field. Discusses decomposition analysis in relation to international trade and tariffs. Reports on an evaluation of the treatment of this topic in eight college-level economics textbooks. (CFR)

Focuses on the origins of the reasons for the scarcity of books in law libraries and the legal profession in Nigeria. Publishing books locally with government assistance is advocated as a lasting solution, and cooperation and resource sharing among libraries is encouraged. (Contains 26 references.) (EAM)

Suggests which perceptions and realities of the complex economic relationship between the United States and Japan are most important. Questions the use of opinion surveys to understand perceptions of U.S. and Japanese citizens about the economic relationship. Discusses characteristics of each nation's economy that inhibit successful economic relations. (DK)

Presents a geography program to show students why the European Community was formed. Involves student research of economic data, creation of a computer database on the European Community, and simulation of trading. Emphasizes geographic themes of movement, region formation, and change in response to economic forces. Includes game rules, sample database, and economic comparisons. (DK)

Describes problems encountered during early attempts at library automation in China, including the slow development of telecommunications systems and the high cost of international online retrieval. The successful use of imported databases on CD-ROM to overcome these problems is discussed, focusing on applications in library technical services and information retrieval. (Six references) (CLB)

A review of literature indicated that, with regard to brand labels, consumers' perception of price, but not of quality, was affected. Consumers expected to pay more for goods bought in a higher status store and rated imported goods as being more expensive than domestically produced goods. Products from developing countries received lower quality ratings than those from developed countries. (JOW)

Describes a learning exercise to combine the goal of global understanding and appreciation with global knowledge. Suggests that students (1) take a systematic inventory of their personal possessions, (2) record the origin of each on a world map, and (3) analyze and discuss their findings. Reports results of student surveys listing origins and percentages of imports. (DK)

Summarizes the positive and negative sides of American industrial practices determined by the Commission on Industrial Productivity at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Describes five imperatives recommended by the commission based on its study of current weakness and best practices in American industry. (YP)

Provides a microeconomic analysis of United States (U.S.) television program export prices. Finds that U.S. producers, acting like a dominant firm, are responsible for establishing the general level of foreign program prices in each national market. (MS)

Summarizes the development of science and technology in Pakistan and the existing library resources in science and technology. The organization of acquisitions work is described, including acquisitions policy, book selection, financial support, procurement of books and periodicals, import restrictions, book order work, and gifts and exchanges. Proposals for further action are presented. (12 references) (Author/CLB)

Discusses the current state of information systems and services in Africa, examines future possibilities, and suggests areas for improvement. Topics include the lack of automation; CD-ROM databases for accessibility to information sources; developing low-cost electronic communication facilities; Internet connectivity; dependence on imported equipment and technology; and availability of trained manpower. (LRW)

As an important foundation of cargo transportation, logistics plays a vital role in developing international trade. Based on the international logistics performance index (LPI) and the sample data of the "Belt and Road" initiative countries from 2011 to 2022, this paper uses the extended trade gravity model to explore the impact of the logistics performance of the "Belt and Road" initiative countries on China's import and export trade. The empirical results show that the improvement of the logistics performance level of the countries along the "Belt and Road" Initiative has a certain role in promoting the growth of China's trade volume to the country, and the improvement of LPI has a more significant positive impact on China's import and export to large-scale countries along the route. Finally, according to the analysis of empirical results, this paper puts forward specific suggestions to promote the development of logistics performance and import and export trade, which provides some reference value for implementing the "Belt and Road" initiative and improving national logistics and trade level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine French literary and philosophical cultural transfers to South Vietnam through the journal Bách Khoa. This study is also part of a postcolonial perspective in that many forms of knowledge resulted from contact between France and Vietnam, a formerly colonized country ; these forms of knowledges are currently considered the intellectual heritage from the West It would thus be useful to take into account the process of imports and interpretations of Western knowledge to highlight the construction of the South Vietnamese intellectual field, which is based on an interweaving of different cultures in the aftermath of French decolonization. We will consider the journal Bách Khoa as a vector of literary and philosophical cultural transfers and the collaborating authors as mediators of French ideas in South Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We estimate a gravity model for 205 countries, with data from 1954 to 2014, allowing for multiple layers of heterogeneity. The first layer arises from the interactions between a set of traditional gravity variables. The second one comes from country pairs that differ in values of the binary time‐independent gravity variables. Further layers come from different income groups and regions. Our results show the importance of heterogeneities at various levels. For instance, landlockedness is less restrictive when trading partners are contiguous or colonially linked. We also find, for example, that the positive interaction between landlockedness and contiguity is more (less) pronounced when non‐high‐income countries import (export) or when Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries import, and the negative interaction between landlockedness and language similarities is stronger when MENA countries export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion surrounding the recent surge in inflation. It presents an analytical framework and empirically examines inflation trends in Italy. The primary aim is to identify the underlying causes, distributive repercussions, and mechanisms through which inflation is propagated. We adopt a cost-push and distributive conflict perspective on current inflation. Within this perspective, some contributions argue for profit-driven inflation, while others dispute this interpretation, emphasizing that increases in the profit share, amid rising import costs do not necessarily imply heightened overall profitability. To clarify these issues, the paper puts forth an analytical framework that shows how escalating import costs can affect profit shares and set in motion a period of inflation propagation, even in the absence of a wage-price spiral. Turning attention to the Italian context, the study utilizes descriptive statistics, sectoral data, and simple simulations to gain insights into the drivers of inflation and its distributive consequences. Additionally, a local projections analysis is deployed to uncover the nature and timing of the propagation process. The paper concludes with some policy implications based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning has presented its spectacular potential in the jamming recognition field. Yet, sufficient samples required by normal deep learning analysis methods are not always available, especially in the 6G communication field. This situation appears to be more challenging in the communication field. In this article, Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) is imported into the jamming recognition field in order to accomplish compound jamming recognition in the circumstances of few-shot learning. Further, the existing research on jamming recognition techniques is mostly based on single-node recognition. This technique cannot make full and efficient use of the jamming information collected. Therefore, this article adds a multi-node collaborative technique into the compound jamming recognition algorithm that is based on MAML and time-frequency analysis. Based on the fact that each cognitive node can recognize independently, the recognition results are be sent to the fusion center. The fusion center completes the fusion of the recognition results according to the majority rule. The experiments demonstrate that, with the fusion of the multi-node collaborative technique, the precision of compound jamming recognition in the condition of few-shot learning has been effectively improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress strongly triggers the nuclear localization of the molecular chaperone HSP70. Hikeshi functions as a unique nuclear import carrier of HSP70. However, how the nuclear import of HSP70 is activated in response to heat stress remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of heat on the nuclear import of HSP70. In vitro transport assays revealed that pretreatment of the test samples with heat facilitated the nuclear import of HSP70. Furthermore, binding of Hikeshi to HSP70 increased when temperatures rose. These results indicated that heat is one of the factors that activates the nuclear import of HSP70. Previous studies showed that the F97A mutation in Hikeshi in an extended loop induced an opening in the hydrophobic pocket and facilitated the translocation of Hikeshi through the nuclear pore complex. We found that nuclear accumulation of HSP70 occurred at a lower temperature in cells expressing the Hikeshi‐F97A mutant than in cells expressing wild‐type Hikeshi. Collectively, our results show that the movement of the extended loop may play an important role in the interaction of Hikeshi with both FG (phenylalanine‐glycine)‐nucleoporins and HSP70 in a temperature‐dependent manner, resulting in the activation of nuclear import of HSP70 in response to heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since electricity cannot be stored, it is supplied instantaneously when needed. As electricity cannot be stored, it becomes necessary to supply it from international electricity grids in order to respond to sudden increases in demand. Depending on this optimization problem, countries import and export electricity instantaneously. In this study, we investigate whether instantaneous electricity exports or imports affect the exchange rate (₺/$) and thus the exchange rate risk in Turkish markets. In order to determine this, a research dataset consisting of hourly electricity export and import data on Mw/h basis and ₺/$ exchange rate data from EPİAŞ Transparency Platform for the period 2015-2023 has been created. According to the findings of the study, irregularities in the electricity foreign trade balance do not affect exchange rates with a constant algorithm for all periods. In periods of deficit in electricity foreign trade, increases in irregularities in electricity foreign trade negatively affect exchange rates and increase exchange rate risks across the country. In periods when the electricity foreign trade balance is in surplus, irregularities in electricity foreign trade do not have a significant effect on exchange rates and do not affect exchange rate risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across advanced industrialized democracies, the political centre is collapsing as politicians on the far right and far left enjoy increasing electoral success. Recent research links import shocks to voter support for far-right parties. However, we know comparatively less about how these shocks impact individual legislator ideology, especially that of mainstream politicians. Do import shocks drive economic or cultural ideological shifts among mainstream legislators? If so, to what extent do local competitive contexts shape these shifts? Using a dataset of French Senate roll call votes, we find that localized increases in import exposure moves elite ideology to the left economically; this is magnified in departments with majoritarian electoral systems. We show that legislators shift their cultural positions in response to import shocks, but only when faced with extremist political competitors focused on cultural issues. Our results suggest the value of attending to how political and economic geography intersect to shape elite policy positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]