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The article discusses the political upheaval in Central America over the past fifteen years, focusing on El Salvador and Guatemala. It explores the transition to democracy in the 1990s after years of civil wars and U.S.-backed military regimes. The text highlights the challenges faced by these countries in addressing fundamental material inequalities and the impact of neoliberal policies on their political and economic landscapes. The article also delves into recent political events in El Salvador and Guatemala, including the rise of President Nayib Bukele and President Bernardo Arévalo, shedding light on the democratic crises each nation currently faces. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Receipts for the Bugle": The Death of the Anti-Slavery Bugle and Its Lessons, 1856 to 1861" from Ohio History explores the rise and fall of the Anti-Slavery Bugle, a radical abolitionist newspaper published in Ohio from 1845 to 1861. The Bugle advocated for disunion from slaveholding states and faced declining subscriptions and financial struggles as the Civil War approached. The paper's demise reflects the changing attitudes towards abolitionism and the Union in the lead-up to the war, highlighting the complexities of radical abolitionist beliefs in a tumultuous period of American history. [Extracted from the article]

Recent literature has revealed the upsurge of populism in political and media discourses across the world. However, few studies have acknowledged the importance of cultivating critical language awareness among citizens in democracies. Drawing on Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics and Fairclough's Critical Discourse, this study critically analyzes Trump's populist meaning-making choices in his inaugural address through both genre and register analysis to raise the urgency of cultivating citizens' critical language awareness through language education. To better illustrate Trump's genre moves and rhetorical strategies, this study sometimes analyzes Trump's inaugural address in comparison with other presidents' inaugural addresses. The findings indicate that Trump employs a combination of populist rhetorical style, which includes anti-establishment, anti-elitism rhetoric; collectivist rhetoric; pro-nationalist sentiments; and linguistic choices of simplicity and repetition to appeal to both supporters and opponents in an attempt to build solidarity. The implications of this study center on raising educators' and social scientists' awareness of the urgency to cultivate critical language awareness among citizens through language education. Equipped with critical language awareness, citizens can understand how politicians use linguistic resources to engage, persuade, and manipulate their audiences to achieve their political goals, and thereby can make informed choices about political leaders in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Between 2017 and 2020, the Donald Trump Presidency made for a particularly hostile context of reception for immigrants in the United States, but did it have any measurable influence on their adaptation? Hostility in the form of interpersonal discrimination is known to increase transnational practices—a pattern dubbed reactive transnationalism. But can a hostile government context produce the same result? The current study considers this by examining Latino/a immigrants’ transnational practices at three time points—the 2016 presidential campaign, between Trump's election and inauguration and during his early presidency. The latter should present the most hostile context. Pooled cross‐sectional regression models using data from the Latino Immigrant National Election Study confirm significant increases in transnational remittances and contacts after Trump took office. However, Trump's rise also coincides with a significant decrease in transnational political interest. Overall, the findings provide greater insight into reactive transnationalism and present several directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies whether media cues can motivate interest in reporting suspected unauthorized immigrants to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Using web search data and automated content analysis of cable news transcripts, we examine the role of media coverage on searches for how to report immigrants to ICE and searches about immigrant crime and welfare dependency. We find significant and persistent increases in news segments on crime by after Trump's inauguration, accompanied by a sharp increase in searches for how to report immigrants. We find a strong association between daily reporting searches and immigration and crime coverage. Using searches during broadcasts of presidential speeches, we isolate the specific effect of anti-immigrant media coverage on searches for how to report immigrants to ICE. The findings indicate that the media's choices regarding the coverage of immigrants can have a strong impact on the public's interest in behaviour that directly harms immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article delves into the escalating tensions between China and Taiwan, particularly following President Lai Ching-te's inauguration and his firm stance on Taiwan's sovereignty. China's response has been marked by increased military activities and sanctions on US companies, prompting concerns about potential conflicts. Taiwan, in turn, has been bolstering its defense capabilities and economic partnerships with the US, notably through collaborations with TSMC. The future remains uncertain, with the risk of military confrontations and the challenge of maintaining stability and prosperity for all parties involved. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides an overview of geopolitical events in the Asia-Pacific region from June to November 2024, focusing on key political developments, military cooperation, and multilateral meetings. It discusses the US presidential election results, South Korea and Japan's political landscape, and the unpredictability of US foreign policy under the upcoming Trump administration. The text also delves into various regional tensions, including North Korea's military activities, China's maritime disputes, and diplomatic interactions between countries like the US, Japan, South Korea, and Russia. In late November 2024, tensions escalated as China and Myanmar claimed to eradicate telecom fraud centers, the US supported Philippine forces in the South China Sea, and North Korea accused the US of stoking conflict. The region experienced a complex mix of military posturing, diplomatic negotiations, and internal political challenges during this period. [Extracted from the article]

In some publications, it has been observed that media proliferation promotes the negative views on Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic extremism, or Islamic terrorism. These discourses have contributed to worsening tension in different sociocultural contexts such as between the West and Islam, which is commonly known as Islamophobia. The discourse around islamophobia has become an implied tool to construct hegemony such as reflected in a political pretext to show attitude and view of the dominant power. The present study offers an insight from the perspective of critical discourse analysis to understand the discourse around islamophobia. Using the principles of Fairclough's (1989) Critical Discourse Analysis with its three dimensions: text, discursive practice, and social practice, the study adapted a two-stage analysis model to describe and interpret a section of Trump's inaugural speech that seems to be contradictory as it mentions a reflection of islamophobia amidst the promotion of peace. The result of the study shows that Trump's islamophobia is implied in the part of an inaugural speech as a content related to Islam and terrorism. Relevant to the intention of the speech given to the Indian audience, the observed section of the speech is probably not misplaced; instead, reflects Trump's view on Islam and terrorism as well as his dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women have been a part of the Paralympic Movement since its inauguration, they remain underrepresented in almost all aspects of parasport. Noting these gender-based discrepancies, the International Paralympic Committee and several National Paralympic Committees have made commitments to address the issue of gender balance across the movement. Guided theoretically by feminist and disability sport scholarship, this article explores the various initiatives and strategies implemented by the International Paralympic Committee and National Paralympic Committees to address the issue of gender parity. Through 29 qualitative interviews with Paralympic athletes, organizers, academics, and journalists, our study illustrates that initiatives and strategies implemented by these organizations have affected women differently based on a range of social, cultural, and political factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coinage of Bar Kosiba (Bar Kokhba), the leader of the Second Jewish Revolt (132–135/6 CE), has long been acknowledged as a source of data for understanding the ideology and goals of the rebel regime he headed. In particular, the imagery and legends on Bar Kosiba's tetradrachms have been the subject of many interpretations and controversies. This article proposes that the facade of the temple on the obverse of Bar Kosiba's tetradrachms and the four species on its reverse side are complementary symbols, joined together to represent the future inauguration ceremony of the restored temple. Furthermore, this imagery on the tetradrachms may have been intended to respond to the coins issued to commemorate the founding of the colony of Aelia Capitolina on the site of Jerusalem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investors' perceptions of uncertainty have increased since Donald Trump's inauguration, primarily as a result of trade frictions. In the context of China-US trade frictions, this study investigates the joint effects of the actions of the parties and media tone on the Chinese stock market. The trade friction reports are classified into 12 groups based on two dimensions, that is, the actions of the parties and the tone of the state-controlled media. The result shows that the role played by the state-controlled media depends on the actions taken by both the parties, as well as the type of firms. Specifically, when the US took action, either launched attacks or made concessions, adopting a high tone played some role in boosting returns and curbing fluctuations; adjusting reporting strategies also played some role in elevating the liquidity of both types of firms and influencing domestic southbound investments. Market reactions were more influenced by the actions than the official attitudes when China made concessions or when both sides took action (attacks or concessions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the concern about the decrease in the use of language politeness among young people both in everyday communication and sacred Hindu rituals such as in a pediksaan ritual, in which not only the place is made sacred but also things related to the inauguration of a sulinggih (high priest) that is, performed in a Geria, home of a brahmana, who is still holding high the high cultural norms. This study analyzed the type of directive speech act politeness, the forms of language politeness, and the application of directive speech act politeness in the pediksaan ritual. The stages of a descriptive qualitative method were employed to achieve those objectives. The population of the study was the people involved in the activity of a pediksaan ritual. Since this event is rare, the population was directly used as the study's sample. The data were collected by observing the pediksaan ritual using a recording technique. The data collected were analyzed with a qualitative descriptive method. The study shows that the types of directive speech act politeness in this study are differentiated into linguistic politeness and pragmatic politeness; the forms of directive speech act politeness consist of (a) agreement maxim of suggesting; (b) sympathizing maxim of order and the politeness principles that consist of (a) the politeness principle that applies tact maxim; (b) the politeness principle that applies approbation maxim; and (c) the politeness maxim that applies sympathy maxim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Public History for a Post-Truth Era: Fighting Denial through Memory Movements" by Liz Sˇnevcˇenko. The book explores the concept of a "post-truth era" and the challenges it poses to the field of public history. It highlights the importance of public history projects that offer critical perspectives on power and aim to create social change. The book includes case studies on memory movements and projects that address issues such as state violence, racism, and climate change denial. While the book is well-written and detailed, some of the historical assertions made are lightly sourced. The article also raises questions about the role of traditional historical methods in addressing social injustice. [Extracted from the article]

What might a turn to Erich Auerbach and his great contemporary interpreter Jacques Rancière have to offer the study of Renaissance literature today? For nearly forty years of professional scholarship, "Renaissance" has typically meant either the inauguration of, or a premodern alternative to, a catastrophic modernity. "Renaissance" has been, in this sense, part of that regime of historicity that François Hartog terms "presentism." Auerbach and Rancière, I suggest, offer a way out of the unending treadmill of presentism in Renaissance scholarship and beyond. Throughout Auerbach's work, and particular in Mimesis , Renaissance meant the historical diversity that emerges when you decide human life is subject to no absolute manner of judging. Rancière picks up on this diversity and calls it "aisthesis," the dissensus that unravels all absolute distributions of sensibility. I offer Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd" as a test case for some of the possibilities Auerbach's Renaissance might make available. The invitation of Marlowe's poem is not simply an invitation to love; it is an invitation to the possibilities of an aesthetic life lived in history. [C.W.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the inception of the open-door policy in 1978, China has progressively become more integrated into the global economy through trade, foreign direct investment, and, more recently, outward direct investment. This economic integration has gained momentum with initiatives like the 'Go Global' strategy, China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, and the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. China's economic ascent, coupled with its increasing political influence and military power, prompted the United States (US) to initiate a strategy of rebalancing in the Asia Pacific region, starting with the Bush administration and continuing through the Obama, Trump, and Biden administrations. During the Trump administration, this rebalancing strategy was supported by decoupling strategy, ultimately leading to a trade war with China. Despite its intention to avoid the initiation of a new Cold War and to adopt a more moderate stance towards China, the US-China trade war has evolved further into a tech war under the Biden administration. Given this context, this article aims to outline the primary characteristics of the US economic policy towards China during the Biden administration, comparing it to the Trump administration and assessing its impact on both nations. The central argument of this article is that the primary characteristics of the US economic policy towards China under Biden administration are rebalancing and decoupling, carried over from the policies of the preceding Trump administration, and there are clear signs that these characteristics are deepening. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the extensive decoupling measures enacted by the US have proven effective in diminishing China's role in global industrial and supply chains, particularly in industries related to semiconductors and chipmaking equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Lengua para Fines Específicos is the property of Revista de Lengua para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I analyze the American flag as hijab both in the infamous "We the People" (2017) campaign poster by Shepard Fairey and its adaptation by Muslim girls and young women during protests against President Trump's inauguration and subsequent immigration policies (including the infamous Muslim Ban). Despite critical acclaim that hailed the American flag hijab largely as revolutionary, I argue that it embodies a symbolic visualization of a liberated Muslim woman figure that is central to the survival of American imperialism. Using frameworks that understand freedom shaped by neoliberal interests and interrogating the histories of the flag in both American immigration and colonial contexts, I demonstrate that the American flag as hijab for girls and women reinforces the larger constructs it seeks to resist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has invested billions of dollars in promoting democracy in the Maghreb. In the decade following the Arab Spring, some of that investment appeared to be bearing fruit, particularly in the case of Tunisia. Today, however, the Maghreb has joined the global trend of authoritarian backsliding. This article will examine US democracy promotion efforts in the Maghreb over the past 20 years to assess what role US support has had in helping as well as hindering democratisation in the region. The article will look critically at the tools and policy approaches employed by the United States beginning with President George W. Bush's Freedom Agenda and establishment of the Middle East Partnership Initiative, examining the Obama administration's approach towards the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings, and ending with President Biden's renewed focus on democracy. The piece will attempt to answer the question of why, despite significant and high-level attention on democracy promotion, US efforts have failed to produce their desired results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a brief exercise in the critical sociology of sociology, this article demonstrates W.E.B. Du Bois's undeniable contributions to the history, discourse, and development of American sociology in particular, and the wider world of sociology in general. This dialectical approach to Du Bois's sociological discourse will enable objective interpreters of his work to see that when compared and contrasted with the monumental work of Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim, what was and what remains really and truly distinctive about Du Bois's sociology is precisely his unpretentious preoccupation with uniquely and unequivocally American social, political, and cultural issues, such as, for example: race and anti-Black racism in the context of slavery, lynching, Black Codes, Jim Crow laws, segregation, and other forms of racial oppression in the United States; racial capitalism and the racial colonization of social classes in the United States; and the racial colonization of gender and sexuality in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Nuclear Folly: A History of the Cuban Missile Crisis" by Serhii Plokhy and its contribution to the historiography of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The book examines the mistakes made by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the crisis and highlights the dangers posed by nuclear weapons. While the book does not offer new interpretations or information that significantly advances our understanding of the crisis, it serves as a valuable reminder of the potential catastrophic consequences of nuclear conflict. The book draws on new Soviet and Ukrainian sources, providing insights into the perspectives of soldiers and officers involved in the crisis. [Extracted from the article]

Nuclear acquisition is a historically rare event driven by a broad range of factors, of which US nonproliferation policy is only one.[61] Nonetheless, the political benefits that nuclear weapons continue to offer the states that possess them, along with the broader geopolitical dynamics that may increase some states' incentives to acquire nuclear weapons, are likely to ensure that proliferation remains plausible.[62] Our argument suggests that the United States will likely become less central to the choices that states make about whether to seek and acquire nuclear weapons. Second, domestic political consensus within the United States has provided long-term credibility to the deals and commitments the United States makes, allowed policymakers to use the full set of nonproliferation tools in tandem, and ensured that nonproliferation policies endure across administrations of varying political stripes. First, US material power - military, economic, and within the civilian nuclear energy sector - has allowed the United States to shift the incentives of states contemplating a decision to pursue or acquire nuclear weapons, enabled the United States to build an international order that supports nonproliferation goals, and reinforced the US motivation to prevent proliferation. Third, US normative legitimacy has helped the United States achieve nonproliferation successes at lower costs, created an international order that states sought to enter even at the cost of eschewing their ability to acquire nuclear weapons, and allowed the United States to paper over some of the tensions within its portfolio of nonproliferation policies. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the exhibition "Shocking! The Surreal World of Elsa Schiaparelli" at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. The exhibition showcased 577 works, including 212 silhouettes and accessories by Schiaparelli, alongside paintings, sculptures, jewelry, and photographs by her contemporaries. The exhibition was organized chronologically around eight themes and compared Schiaparelli's designs with those of her successor, Daniel Roseberry. The article highlights the collaboration between Schiaparelli and Salvador Dali and concludes that the House of Schiaparelli continues to be "shocking" with its contemporary designs. [Extracted from the article]

As a trained musician and ethnomusicologist, Talusan is able to provide interpretation of the music the PC Band played, as well as the critical response to it, with a depth and finesse not often seen in historical scholarship. In December of 1900, Theophilus Gould Steward, the chaplain of the 25th Infantry, a Black regiment stationed in the Philippines, was inspecting schools in Zambales Province. Overall, however, Talusan has provided a valuable work on the history of the PC Band, that will be of use to scholars of the Philippines, U.S. Empire, and the history of music. [Extracted from the article]