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In late 2016, the Indian state announced a policy of demonetisation whereby high denomination currency was legally rendered as invalid. The official aim of the policy was to confront the problems of black money and corruption that India faces. However, currency shortage resulting from the withdrawal of nearly 85% cash adversely affected the large informal economy in India. We explore how demonetisation affected marginal actors in one such informal economy space, the scrap market in some cities in south India. By accessing the narratives of these marginal subjects, we hope to show how the consumption of the governmental-corporate discourse of utopia is simultaneously implicated in the injustices and violence being experienced by several people. We contribute to ongoing theoretical conversations about the linkages between marketing and hegemonic practices of development by contending that hegemonic imaginations of development are linked to delegitimising the grief of marginal subjects. Such delegitimisation is linked to the desires of consumer-citizens in making them feel aligned with utopian fantasies and the reproduction of identity-based inequalities against marginal subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a model for development of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) has been presented in perspective of India to ensure the Economic and Social development of the country and addressing, simultaneously, some of the major challenges being faced by India. Adequate microfinancing to the SHGs and developing entrepreneurship among its members may help in achieving several targets like poverty alleviation, women empowerment, employment generation, homogeneous development etc. If planned properly, the SHGs can become an instrument for all round and all-inclusive development of India or any other similarly placed developing country. SHGs may also play an import role in the endeavour of India to become a five trillion economy, to achieve self-sustainability and to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite impressive performance in terms of GDP growth after the introduction of neoliberal reforms, India continues to be the home of the largest number of hungry people in the world. The present paper is an attempt to understand two interrelated issues in this context: the impact of neoliberal reforms on agricultural development and the implication of an open economic regime on food security in India. The study reveals that the austerity measures introduced by the state in the form of decline in capital formation and public sector expenditure in agriculture have undermined the livelihood of the majority of the population in India. The implementation of the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Agriculture along with the retreat of the state in the name of fiscal discipline has significantly reduced the bargaining power of the peasants in general and the food security of the majority of the population in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) issued by the economic sectors in India. It analyses the level of underpricing measured by market adjusted initial return (MAIR), short-run performance measured by market-adjusted abnormal return (MAAR) and long-run performance measured by 3-year buy and hold abnormal return (BHAR) methodology relative to Sensex and Nifty for 40 IPOs approaching the capital market during the period 2006–2016. The selection of IPOs is based on the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit of USD 3,000 million in each economic sector, that is, primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. The long-run analysis is done at the end of the first year, the second year and the third year. It is found using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression that variables like age of the issuing firm and volume traded on the first day of listing have a positive relation with initial returns, while offer size of the IPO has a negative relation with the initial return. Further, this study also finds out that the secondary sector performs poorly in the long run relative to the primary and tertiary sectors. This study can be of importance to investors for assessing different sectors before investing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This intention of this research article is to analyze the impact of research and development (R&D) activities on the financial performance of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed with the national stock exchange (NSE) of India. Strongly balanced panel dataset of 40 sample pharmaceutical companies for the period of 1998-2019 (21 years) has been used. In the empirical analysis section: Descriptive Statistics, Bivariate Correlation Matrix, Variation Inflation Factor, Skewness/Kurtosis Tests, Breusch-Godfrey LM Test, Heteroskedasticity Test, Levin-Lin-Chu Unit-Root Test, Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and panel regression models (Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model) followed by Hausman Test have been discussed. For data analysis purpose, STATA (version 12.0) software has been used. To analyze the impact of R&D on financial performance, four different financial performance related variables: Sales Turnover, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Market Capitalization have been used as dependent variables and these variables have been placed one after another in four different empirical models which have been estimated in this study. The study has revealed that there is a significant positive impact of R&D activities on the financial performance of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed with NSE during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock market volatility may be a function of company, industry, or world over information made public. The present study has investigated the volatility of Indian banking sectoral indices with the general banking index for two shocking events: the Sub-prime crisis and COVID-19. A comparative analysis of both the shocks leading to these indices' volatility has been conducted using symmetric and asymmetric models. This study's findings show that these indices' volatile behaviour has been strong enough to persist in the market with the leverage effect present during the sub-prime crisis. This effect disappeared for Nifty Bank Indices and Private Sector Bank Indices as compared to Public Sector Undertaking Bank Indices during COVID-19 (probably because the pandemic is not over yet). With GARCH and EGARCH models, the study suggests that the investors may use the diversification approach, in the long run, to safeguard their portfolio values to survive from global shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the research literature pertaining to the informational content of open interest and transaction volume in a systematic manner. Our review upheld their informational role in estimating the price of the underlying stock in future, in predicting future volatility and in ascertaining the market behaviour around corporate/macro-economic announcements with mixed directional effect. Further, through well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, we choose 38 research works to uncover the factors and conditions upon which open interest and transaction volume are more informative via meta-regression. The temporal and spatial factors indicate that open interest and transaction volume are more informative in an emerging market as compared to a developed market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of defactorisation of production in a traditional industry – beedi rolling – in colonial South India. It examines the implementation of the Indian Factories Act and its subsequent impact on Malabar's beedi industry during 1937–1941, focusing on the interaction between state, capital and labour within the framework of British India's labour-legal history. Despite resistance from their workers, beedi manufacturers circumvented the provisions of the Factories Act by fragmenting the factory production space. Contrary to the intentions of the state and the workers, both the Act and the ensuing trade union agitations only served to promote the fragmentation of production units and exacerbate the exploitation of workers. The study argues that while union mobilisation raised the political consciousness of the beedi working class, it did not significantly improve wages or working conditions in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green Marketing also, known as Ecological Marketing or Sustainable Marketing is playing an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of the Indian economy. Sustainability which was once a vision of the future shared by some of the environmentally conscious people, is now picking up momentum all across the world. The publication of the Brundtland Report (1987) added to this and brought the issue into the mainstream discussion. The current study looks into the aspects of 'going green' as adopted by the various developing nations and their observations with regard to it. The paper highlights the green initiatives being undertaken by various sectors in the India economy to ensure sustainable development for the nation. An effort has also been made to list the various challenges being faced by the corporate sector while incorporating green initiatives. Some principles and strategies have been suggested to effectively implement the green marketing practices for ensuring sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aftermath of demonetisation in 2016 has been positive as well as negative in the Indian economy, when viewed from social, economic, political and legal dimensions. However, the economic impact on e-commerce industry is considered momentous on account of the boost foreseen in digital deals and online payments. It is a universally accepted fact that technology enabled innovations like analytics driven customer engagement and digital advertisements, are prone to support the growth of e-commerce industry unquestionably. The growth in e-commerce sector would boost employment, increase revenues from export, increase tax collection by exchequer, and provide better products and services to customers in the long-term. This paper examines enrichment of e-commerce industry in India, consequent on the decision of demonetisation. The expansion of the Indian industry, thus, is examined from five dimensions - online retailing; online payments; logistics; hyper-local e-commerce and multiplied outcomes. The required data, congregated from the research reports and articles published in research journals, were bestowed for drawing conclusions of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe have low share in enterprises as compared to their working age population. The data of Fifth and Sixth Economic Census shows that disadvantaged caste are still under-represented in private enterprises in India. Further, the disadvantaged caste owns a large share of enterprises functioning without hiring labour. There has been a decline in employment provided by proprietary enterprises from 2005 to 2013. The decline has been due to decrease in employment provided by Other Backward Class and others. The disparity still exists in ownership of enterprises by caste, both in rural and urban sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 24th March, 2020 India has been under complete lockdown immediately after following a voluntary 'Janta Curfew' on the appeal of Hon'ble Prime Minister Mr. Narender Modi to combat Covid-19 a worldwide pandemic. It has punched the Indian economy adversely which has already been suffering with sluggish growth rate in GDP. In the era of globalization where countries across the world are interdependent to fulfill their needs, COVId-19 has affected imports and exports adversely. According to Chief Economic Advisor, KV Subramanian the GDP growth in the first quarter (April to June) is likely to range between one to two percent due to Covid-19 led crisis and subsequent lockdown. Moreover, surveys by industry bodies have revealed that businesses are grappling with tremendous uncertainty about their future. It is not a good sign for a labour intensive country like India where unemployment rate is already higher. Keeping in view these facts the present paper has been presented to discuss the impact of Covid-19 on Indian economy and to suggest remedial measures thereof. The study is secondary data based and the same has been collected from different published reports, newspapers/magazines and internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer durable industry has been changing in recent years in India with higher disposable income, better education, changing lifestyle, and consumption pattern of the households. India is the second fastest-growing economy having a huge consumer durable market which has emerged as one of the fastest-growing industries in India. After opening up of the economy, Indian consumer durable market is becoming competitive with significant presence of multinational companies (MNC) coming with advanced technology and superior product quality. The Indian rural sector has huge potential for consumer durables industries as two third of the Indian population live in rural areas. In this backdrop, our attempt in this context is to analyze growth and penetration of consumer durable industries in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfinance is beneficial to low income groups and empowering them financially (Linda, 2001) especially women as it helps in income generating activities, improving their domestic lifestyle and self-esteem. A research instrument was administered to the groups highlighting borrowings, present economic status, average earnings earned, decision making, effectiveness, and participation or role at the domestic level. In total 80 responses were considered and analysed using SPSS 20. The quantitative data was collected through questionnaire and partially a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect the qualitative data. The data has been interpreted using means and ratio. The impact on financial and non-financial aspects, women's role in domestic decision-making and economic status have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle for the Indian economy. Unlike the observed weakening of the association between saving-investment rates before the global financial crisis of 2008-09, the post-crisis period has witnessed a relatively stronger correlation between them. This outcome has implications in terms of the role of domestic saving in financing the investment requirement of the economy. The study finds that frictions in global financial markets, which manifest in the form of periodic financial crises, trigger shifts in saving-investment relationship. Besides raising the saving rate in the economy, it is also important to enhance the efficiency of the domestic financial system to improve allocation of resources and channelise savings for capital formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process ("CIRP") takes place under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 ("IBC"). It involves a Resolution Professional inviting resolution plans for the corporate debtor undergoing insolvency. These plans are submitted by various Resolution Applicants and the best resolution plan is approved by the Committee of Creditors and sanctioned by the National Company Law Tribunal. Thus, from an acquisition perspective, the potential acquirer of the stressed asset is required to provide the best bid (in the form of the resolution plan) for the stressed asset which would be able to garner the approval of the Committee of Creditors. The CIRP route has led to successful acquisitions across variegated sectors from steel (Essar Steel) to textiles (Alok Industries) and has become a new and effective tool to undertake acquisitions for prospective acquirers providing a simpler and faster way for acquisition of stressed assets. However, acquisitions through this process are not yet free from their imperfections and there are certain problems, which if addressed, could pave a way for fruitful investments in the Indian economy. This would bolster an investment and acquisition friendly regime in India improving our nation's ranking on the ease of doing business index even further. This article seeks to analyse CIRP as an effective route for acquisitions and identify such problems which are relevant from an acquisition perspective, with the objective and hope that a discussion on these issues can help strengthen and stimulate successful acquisitions and investments in the Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I consider how the Indian state approaches the relationship between India's development and the Indian diaspora by analysing the discourse that emerges from a key Indian government report. I argue that the Indian state uses the idea of development to support the way it governs Indians abroad. At the same time, the Indian state uses its relationship with Indians abroad to support particular policies being pursued in the name of India's development. These policies require economic "liberalization", including by freeing up the movement of capital and reducing rates of corporate taxation. While invoking Indians abroad to shape the governance of Indians inside of India appears counterintuitive, I argue that it reflects the way that particular notions of "overseas Indians" and "development" are being simultaneously shaped by the Indian state, and the way that the authority of the Indian state to pursue particular "development policies" is being grounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the Look East Policy (LEP) ─ now the Act East Policy ─ in the 1990s signaled a marked shift in India's economic policy aimed at transforming its northeastern region from a peripheral frontier to an economic corridor. The regional focus of the policy commonly appears in references to the northeast region as a whole and the policy suggestions are centered on ending the region's isolation and underdevelopment. This paper looks at how the inhabitants of a borderland village on the Mizoram-Myanmar border maneuvered themselves in response to the economic drive for the border opening intertwined with the extension of state rule and control. The paper shows how the agenda of the state and the local communities, rather than being in opposition, often converged with local community interests when it came to enhancing trade and liberalizing movement. These factors further served to re-shape ways of identification and belonging as well as everyday trade, commercial transactions, and nationhood. Against this backdrop, the paper engages with everyday borderland lives to examine how change through the policy was mediated upon the interface of competing state and non-state agents as well as local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the recent trends and patterns of urbanization before and after the economic reforms in India. In addition, the paper explores the emerging patterns of urban growth and captures the changes through development indicators based on the available data from the Census of India and National Accounts Statistics. The study employs an exponential growth rate and a linear model for determining the pace of urbanization, which is then plotted on a scatter diagram. It is surprising to note that wherever urbanization was expected to accelerate, it has instead slowed down. Economic reforms have been not uniformly implemented because of the faulty national economic policy which has discouraged the growth of urban employment and is a cause for concern that requires political attention. The study concludes that economic reforms are necessary for accelerating urbanization, promoting small and medium-sized urban areas, human capital, socio-cultural mobility, and plans for eco-friendly green cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why and how do labour migrant brokers engage with henchmen of bosses, small-time criminals and violent politicians? What significance do labour brokers' political relations have in the fabric of labour circulation? This article argues for migration brokerage to be examined along a broad continuum of brokerage to explore the local fabric of labour circulation in the Indian construction sector. Considering migration brokerage as part of a broader landscape of brokerage firstly allows look at how migration brokers concretely navigate the worlds of labour and politics to pursue their activities and to further their own agendas. It secondly offers insight into how the everyday relations between migrant brokers and henchmen of bosses shape the lives of migrant labourers in the urban construction sector. Based on a detailed ethnography of the relation between a Dalit labour maistri and a Dalit henchman of a boss in a context of violent criminal political economy, this article explores the roles of Dalit politics in shaping the Dalit fabric of labour circulation and labour broker's trajectories in South India. It further looks at the ambivalent production and mobilisation of Dalit identities in the making of an ideal Dalit migrant labourer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how China and India both aimed to use Special Economic Zones (SEZ) to diversify and modernize their economies by attracting advanced technology, yet the overemphasis on technological sectors in India may have led to a lack of economic diversity in Indian zones. It reports that use of joint ventures in China accelerated the infusion of new technology, allowing SEZs such as Shenzhen to develop a competitive edge in manufacturing.

This article discusses whether liberalisation has moderated or aggravated India's employment problems. Since the Modi government's election in 2014 and the introduction of the flagship "Make in India" policy, various government officials and academics have argued that India's employment situation has improved and is showing promising signs of growth and development. However, in this article, it is argued that India's liberalisation policies have generated numerous problems: employment has delinked from GDP growth due to the increasing financialisation of accumulation; job growth is equal to or below labour force growth; and informalisation is increasing. A structural shift is occurring in India and is causing rural–urban migration due to increased agricultural input costs, reverse tenancy and the mechanisation of agriculture without the creation of new employment. This has led to a redistribution of existing employment in the urban informal sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes in detail through a longitudinal case study the emerging nature of human resources (HR) practices at Aditya Birla Group and, more importantly, links it to the strategic redesign that the whole organization underwent from 1995 to 2006. The longitudinal case study provides a snapshot of the dynamic and turbulent nature of the new liberalized Indian economic environment and how an organization such as Aditya Birla Group needed to brace itself from competition through innovative HR practices. The article argues that in challenging liberalizing business environments like India, the nature of HR itself demands that organizations develop new capabilities and that HR's role is to reevaluate its competencies and develop new ones to help in the overall strategic redesign of organizations. The article elaborates on two critical issues: (1) the peculiarities and defining characteristics of HR models unique to India and (2) the main factors that shape people management policies and practices in the liberalized Indian environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the impact of colonialism on public goods provision? This article examines India, once the world's largest colony. While recent studies of the Indian case are divided, they overwhelmingly rely on econometric approaches. This article uses qualitative evidence to provide an important complementary perspective. Using controlled comparisons of the princely state of Travancore with the neighbouring provinces of Malabar and Tirunelveli, I find that colonialism generated less social welfare because British officials empowered landlords. Notably, this occurred despite Malabar and Tirunelveli instituting ryotwari (cultivator-based) land tenure. British rule in India may have promoted landlordism irrespective of land tenure policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse a nationally representative data set from India for the year 2013 in order to provide evidence on how short-term migration is affected by household ownership of land and participation in agricultural activities. We estimate a recursive-bivariate-probit model recognising the simultaneity between short-term migration and the decision to operate the land. The results of the likelihood ratio test imply that it would be incorrect to ignore this simultaneity. Households with less than 1 ha of land and those leasing out land are more likely to have a short-term migrant. Households leaving their land fallow, a common occurrence in South Asia, are also more likely to have a short-term migrant. Moreover, the choice of crops and livestock farming has a significant role to play in the migration decision. Current initiatives to increase coverage of irrigation and facilitate access to formal finance could improve the livelihoods of small and marginal farmers, thereby reducing the probability of distress-related short-term migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tsai Ing-wen led Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government re-launched the New Southbound Policy (NSP) in 2016. The NSP aims at reviving and expanding ties with 18 targeted countries of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The Chairman of the Taiwan External Trade Development Council, James Huang, has said that India is the "jewel" in the NSP. Consequently, the trade between India and Taiwan has increased from US$ 5.32 billion in 2016 to US$ 7.05 billion in 2018 with a target of US$ 10 billion in 2020. Overall, the bilateral trade has grown around 40 percent in two years. There are many complementarities between the NSP and India's Act East Policy. The trade dispute between the US and China is yet another opportunity for India and Taiwan to enhance their collaboration. With the re-election of Tsai Ing-wen, a continuation of the ties and an additional robust policy to take forward the bilateral relations is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the dynamics of corporate bond yield spread in India, and attempted to identify the possible determinants: bonds' liquidity, credit quality and therefore their yield spreads. A large sample of daily corporate bond trade data over a period of 6 years (2011–2016), classified into Issuers Segment-wise and Rating-wise, are analyzed within a basic statistical framework and using panel regression model. Default risk, as captured by the credit rating, is found to significantly affect the yield spread, for all types of securities. Even if the summary statistics and panel regression results broadly support the relationship between bond liquidity, captured through various bond characteristics and trade statistics, and yield spread, use of better liquidity proxy measure may improve the said relationship. Movements in equity market also affect corporate bond yield spread in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate if women's exposure to mass media, i.e. television, radio, and print media, is a determinant of female empowerment in India. Indicators of empowerment include female autonomy in domestic decision-making, freedom of movement, financial knowledge and independence, attitudes regarding acceptability of violence against women, actual and desired fertility and use and decisions about contraception. Design/methodology/approach: Data for the analysis come from two rounds of the National Family and Health Survey, a large-scale nationally representative household survey. First, ordinary least squares estimation is used to obtain the parameter estimates. To overcome endogeneity concerns, instrumental variables estimation is also used. Findings: The results reveal a strong positive effect of exposure to mass media on women's status in India. Research limitations/implications: These findings highlight the effectiveness of mass media in influencing women positively. Originality/value: This paper captures the cumulative effects of three types of media: television, radio and print media. It also takes advantage of the most recent data available together with using instrumental variables estimation to overcome endogeneity concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article theorizes changing configurations of development governance emerging as states attempt to reconcile two contradictory pressures of global urbanization: dispossessing capitalist accumulation and demands for inclusive welfare. It introduces the 'redevelopmental state' as a dynamic spatio‐political framework for understanding how hegemonic rule is tenuously forged amid potentially volatile urban land struggles. Whereas Northern urban redevelopment theories are less attentive to post‐colonial urbanization processes and most developmental state scholarship has not focused on cities, the redevelopmental state offers an alternative conceptualization. It centres on how emerging regimes of territorial rule, development and political participation contour access to land and social benefits in Southern cities. Forged at key conjunctures of social pressure, these redevelopmental state spaces work through and beyond formal policies and institutions, and articulate with nationalist cultural politics of belonging and aspiration that foster consent for redevelopment while also legitimating exclusions, violence and dispossession. A case study of Mumbai illustrates redevelopmental state spaces that suture ethno‐religious nationalism, urbanized accumulation and populist welfare to unevenly distribute life capacities, garnering both cooperation and contestation. The article concludes by suggesting ways this spatially attuned framing can provide insights into the recent rise of ethno‐nationalism and authoritarian populism around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop, measure and empirically validate a scale that captures the full dimensionality of selection attributes considered by customers when choosing a bank.Design/methodology/approach Focus group interviews were conducted and a well-structured questionnaire was designed. The validity of this scale was tested in accordance with the psychometric scale development procedure.Findings Contrary to some assertions in past literature, the results suggested service delivery and cost/price as among the most important determinants of the bank selection decisions of consumers.Practical implications The practical implications drawn from this study involve the seven constructs which could be adopted by the bank managers, advertising executives and marketing experts in providing good quality services resulting in overall higher levels of customer satisfaction. These decision makers can apply the constructs from the study to identify factors most appealing to both potential and existing customers and build up effective marketing strategies to attract new customers and retain existing ones.Originality/value This research paper signifies the leading studies for advancing a validated tool to measure the customers' selection decisions for banks. As a result, this valid and reliable scale would bring standardization to research conducted in the field of bank selection attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What kind of foreign policy do populists execute once in power? Based on the existing literature, we conceptualize populism as a set of ideas whose two core elements are anti-elitism and antipluralism. From this we develop a set of hypotheses regarding both substantive aspects of foreign policy as well as foreign policy–making processes of populist leaders in government. An analysis of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's foreign policy record serves as a first plausibility probe of our hypotheses. We find that our concept of populism carries most explanatory value in the procedural aspects of foreign policy making as well as in its communication, less so in those aspects relating to the goals or substance of foreign policy. Whereas foreign policy under Modi's populist leadership is highly centralized and personalized, the traditional foreign policy establishment, including most notably the Ministry of External Affairs, has lost some of its previous authority. Engaging the Indian diaspora abroad emerged as another characteristic of populist foreign policy making. By contrast, the case of India does not confirm our hypothesis regarding a preference of bilateralism over multilateralism, nor does populism necessarily preclude investing in global public goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of CEO gender on the performance of Indian firms and to explain the economic channel for any such effect.Design/methodology/approach Using a panel of 100 Indian firms, the authors test whether there is a significant difference in the performance – measured as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) – of firms with male vs female CEOs, in both time and space dimensions, using the difference-in-differences approach.Findings The average ROA of the sample firms decrease by about 10 percent after a female enters the CEO role. This negative result remains robust in both the time series as well as cross-sectional analyses. The decline is also observed when using ROE to measure performance. Further, the authors show that this negative effect is associated with an increase in agency costs that is observed following the appointment of a female CEO.Originality/value Previous studies have produced mixed results regarding the effect of having a female CEO on firm performance, and the research to date has not explored the economic channel through which this effect occurs. In this study, the authors show that the decline in performance observed among Indian firms flows from an increase in agency costs under female management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, land acquisition (LA) in India and China since the 1980s has been theorised as an 'ideal' model, namely, compulsory development, which highlights the extremely active role of the state and the compulsory measures it takes for LA in both countries in order to achieve its development goals. In both countries, the state acts as the land use planner, regulation maker in the land administration, as well as a major land developer and most influential player in the land market. At the same time, it extracts a high proportion of the benefits from land development projects, which is realised through compulsory LA despite the numerous flaws in the LA institutions. Compulsory development, as we term it, is a key feature in the political economy of LA in both countries. It provides an ideal model to understand and compare the phenomenon of LA in these two largest developing societies and to develop a systematic analysis of LA, and more broadly, of development in both countries. As the initial product in a larger research project, in this article we focus mainly on the theoretical model of this compulsory development, including its definition, characteristics and variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce has today become an integral part of our day-to-day life. From reading newspapers to ordering food, shopping for daily groceries or important purchases like electronics, formal wear, conducting bank transactions, etc., e-commerce has, in fact, invaded our lives. This is more so when we have moved from being click away to being touch away from internet via our smart phones. Mobiles are just a touch away from the consumer's shopping needs, information search, entertainment desires, cab hiring, location tracking, social media connects, news updates and many more applications. This has provided an opportunity for the marketer to stay connected to their customers throughout the day. The paper investigates pertinent secondary data sources such as industry and government reports, to highlight the behaviour of e-consumers in India. The study also compares the global trends of e-consumers world over vis-à-vis the Indian online shoppers. Such investigation can help the e-commerce firms to further harness the unprecedented growth in the e-consumer market by taking care of unique nuances of the Indian online shoppers. Besides, the study is helpful to the Indian policy makers in accelerating the e-commerce boom by taking care of the grey areas like security issues, increasing the e-consumer trust on online payment mode, internet penetration in tier 2 and 3 cities, easy entry and financing route for e-business etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monetary policy has been formulated with the purpose of achieving the twin objectives of economic growth and price stability through the successful working of the transmission mechanism. Monetary policy-induced changes in the nominal variables are expected to impact the real economic indicators like GDP and inflation. The evolution of Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) monetary policy has been divided into four distinct frameworks: pre-monetary targeting, monetary targeting, multiple indicator approach and eventually an inflation-targeting framework since 2015. RBI's monetary policy strategies have undergone substantial transformation in the last 70 years. The success of each monetary policy framework can be assessed by comparing the impact of monetary policy changes on various economic performance indicators. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of economic indicators under different monetary policy frameworks in the postindependence period. The economic performance indicators used in the study are inflation and output gap. Analyzing the monthly data from April 1982 to March 2017, the study finds that the multiple-indicator and the inflation-targeting regimes have had most success in balancing the twin objectives of growth and inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian economy is one of the top emerging markets of the world. Five years ago it was considered as part of the fragile five, but no longer. Since 2014, it has emerged as of the one top foreign destination in the world with a significant rise in FDI. The journey of attracting foreign investments started way back in 1991 with New Economic policy and India has unprecentedly scaled new heights in the level of FDI during 2000's. The paper focuses on secondary data based Sectoral analysis of the inflow of FDI in India from 2000 to 2018. The paper also aims to look at different facets of positive FDI spill overs in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on economic reforms in India as per the economic policy of Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. Topics discussed include liberalization of import controls and a much greater opening up to foreign direct investment (FDI); introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST), and elimination of some state sales taxes; and views on the increment in Indian growth rate than Chinese growth rate.

This paper provides a narrative of Indian monetary policy since the North Atlantic Financial Crisis (NAFC) in the mid‐2008 till the current period. The period 2009–2013 was dominated by the joint monetary and fiscal stimuli of the Indian authorities prompted by the NAFC. These, along with some structural shocks and a hands‐off attitude in forex market intervention, could have had their role in rising inflation and external account instability (leading up to the taper tantrum episode). In such a backdrop, after considerable discussion during 2013–2014, a Monetary Policy Framework Agreement was signed between the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India on February 20, 2015 that formally adopted flexible inflation targeting (IT) in India. While the IT regime so far has coincided with significant reduction in inflation in India, the atmosphere has been benign. Now that fuel prices have started moving in the north‐east direction, the government has proposed a revised framework for the minimum support price in the Union Budget for 2018–2019 and fiscal slippages have started happening, it remains to be seen whether IT can wither more rough weather in the days to come. Finally, in recent years, Indian monetary policy has been dominated by two significant events: the emergence of significant deterioration of Indian public sector balance sheets, and the demonetization episode in November 2016. Monetary policy in both of these periods wrestled with fashioning an appropriate strategy for managing the impossible trinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the impact of India's reforms since 1991 on the performance of the Indian economy. It shows that the reforms definitely achieved a significant acceleration in growth and they also succeeded in reducing poverty. However, they have been less successful in generating good quality jobs. There was progress in providing better access to education, health services ,and clean drinking water and sanitation, but less than was hoped. The area where performance has been most disappointing is environmental sustainability. The paper concludes by identifying some of the critical policy challenges in the years ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the key elements of Modinomics, defined as "everyone's participation, everyone's progress." It investigates the reasons why Modinomics was necessary, the key elements of Modinomics, and how this policy was implemented. It argues that India's economic policy has had continuity since the economic reform package of 1991, so Modinomics has involved a high component of better implementation. Nevertheless, there have been some major policy changes as well. The paper discusses the deep structural reforms of demonetization and a Goods and Services Tax as well the new Insolvency and Bankruptcy Act. The paper examines the record of economic growth under Modi as well as new welfare and employment programs to make economic growth more inclusive. Finally, the paper examines the medium and long‐term growth prospects for India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempts to assess the present status of infrastructural facilities, innovative agricultural marketing practices adopted in regulated markets and problems of border markets in Bundelkhand Region of Madhyapradesh. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data pertaining to the agricultural year 2016-17 were obtained from 120 farmers and 20 traders chosen from the selected markets. Secondary data were collected from the Madhya Pradesh State Agricultural Marketing Board,. Data were processed using descriptive analytical tools and techniques.There was no difference between interior and border regulated markets with respect to facilities like market office, stalls/godown and telephone facilities, but the negative difference was observed in vehicle parking, fire fighting, rest rooms for farmers and conference hall, shed for animals. There was no difference between interior and border markets with respect to services like issuing license, collecting market fee, loading, unloading, weighing and recording of disposal, but the negative difference observed in the case of collection of taxes, computer facility and issuing gate pass service. Major constraint faced by the farmers in using ICT's was computer illiteracy (74.17%), followed by lack of interest, lack of computer facility, lack of time, costly technology and illiteracy. Maximum number of farmers used Television as the main source of the market information for its accuracy, timeliness and content. Lack of competitive bidding due to poor arrivals was the major problem faced by the farmers followed by poor infrastructure facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh is fertile land inhabited by second highest cattle population in India. A study was undertaken from May 2016 to March 2018 on the distribution and abundance of ticks in cattle. Data were collected from 3 organized farms, 5 Gaushalas and from local farmers. Studied animals were divided into three categories indigenous breeds (n=450), exotic (n=60) and crosses of exotic and local breeds (n=140). The prevalence of tick infestation was studied in the host cattle in the different seasons. Total eight species of ticks were identified. In the villages, Gaushalas and in unorganized dairy farms tick infestation prevalence was (45%) as compared to minimal prevalence 4% recorded from organized sector. Infestation in exotic cattle was high in fields as compared to crossbred and indigenous cattle breed. Most of the animals under farm management system were infected with single tick species. While multi species tick infestation was observed in the fields. This could be due to the management practices and timely tick treatment adopted by farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the changes of agriculture sector in Bundelkhand region during 2000-01 to 2015-16 by using secondary data. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and Risk Instability Index (RII) techniques have been used to study the the ternds of agricultural development and risk in agriculture. It is found from the analysis that there are widespread variations in the area, production, productivty of crops in Bundelkhnad region. In spite of this, there is high fluctuations have been witneesed in the average productivty of the crops at regional and state level. Moreover, the agricultiral development of Bundelkhad region has been faced the instability condition due to the continious increase in crop risk. Therefor, the government should be emphasied on development of irrigation facility, agricultural diversification, expenssion of credit facility, investment on agricultural research, use of modern agricultural techinique and climatic resilient technology to achieve sutainable development of Bundelkhnmad region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human capital of any organization is largely responsible for its success or failure. Therefore, the human resource management (HRM) functions play an important and catalytic part in providing a competitive advantage to any organization. The organized retail sector has registered a burgeoning growth in the recent past and has given a strong fillip to the economy of India. This, in turn, has underscored the vital need for improved and more effective HR practices. Due to this direct association between human resource efficiency and organizational productivity, organizations have started paying more attention to the HR practices that they follow. This paper has tried to study the various HR practices in three selected retail organizations, namely, Reliance Super, Spencer's Retail and Big Bazaar. The objectives of the paper were to analyze the human resource practices followed by the selected organized retail outlets in Greater Noida (UP), to identify various problems and challenges faced by HR managers in the execution of HR policies and to suggest measures to solve HR-related problems in the organized retail industry. It was found that training, performance appraisal, proper utilization of skills and abilities of the employees and career development were the major areas of concern. In terms of level of perception towards the HR practices, it was found that, in general, employees had an 'average' perception towards the prevailing HR practices in all the three organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]