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[Display omitted] • Treatment of textile wastewater using low-cost ceramic membrane. • Upcycling food waste as a pore-forming agent. • Optimization of Membrane Fabrication using response surface methods (RSM). • Effect of food waste on porosity and mechanical strength. This study investigates a novel method for food waste management by using it as a sustainable replacement for conventional pore-forming agents in ceramic membrane production. The membranes were analyzed using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a universal testing machine. The morphologies of the membranes were observed using scan electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of particle size (45–125 μm), pore-forming agent (5–20 wt%), and sintering temperature (900–1150 °C) on the porosity and mechanical strength of the membranes were investigated using the Design of Experiments (DoE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized membrane was evaluated for its performance in filtering industrial textile wastewater. It achieved impressive results, with approximately 98.4 % removal of turbidity and 71.3 % removal of chemical oxygen demand. This research paves the way for optimizing ceramic membrane fabrication using upcycled food waste, promoting sustainability and offering potential solutions for both food waste management and industrial wastewater treatment challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global construction industry consumes about 50 billion tons of sand every year and in the last two decades; the consumption has tripled in amount. As a critical concern, continuous research is in progress to examine numerous materials as alternatives of river sand. This study focuses to completely replace river sand by induction furnace steel slag (IFSS) for producing standard concrete of M25 grade without compromising the mechanical strength of the resulting mix. One hundred and fifty millimeter sized cubes and 150 mm × 300 mm sized cylinders were casted using Portland slag cement (PSC) and Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) as per Indian standard provisions. Laboratory tests were performed to assess workability, hardened density, compressive strength (7 and 28 days) and splitting tensile strength (28 days). At 100% replacement level, the obtained values of (PSC, PPC) specimens are: slump values (35, 40 mm); hardened density (2730, 2790 kg/m3); compressive strength (34.83, 38.10 MPa) and splitting tensile strength (3.03, 3.32 MPa). This research will act as a game‐changer in the construction industry towards a global sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of industrialization and population growth, there has been a notable surge in municipal solid waste (MSW) production globally. This necessitates the development of efficient waste management strategies that align with sustainable economic, environmental, and social goals. Implementing sorting and source separation policies serves as foundational steps toward optimizing material flow and resource utilization. In industrial areas, waste generation around a primary source may improve policy implementation and participation. Given the unique strategic context of port environments, Bahregan Port in Iran was selected as a case study to evaluate the proposed methodology. Three integrated scenarios were formulated and prioritized using the ELECTRE-I model: currently practiced collection method, and segregated collection followed by source separation of MSW into two or three groups. The analysis identified the third scenario as the most effective approach. Remarkably, when evaluating the results under optimistic and pessimistic conditions, the ranking of preferences remained consistent across scenarios in the optimal state. Under pessimistic conditions, all scenarios received identical scores, indicating significant uncertainty in criteria weights. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed that criteria such as the raw material sources protection, emissions in the waste separation sector, and greenhouse gas emissions were highly influential. Interestingly, criteria with the highest weighting did not always dictate the final scenario selection. External factors, such as expert opinions on specific criteria, played a pivotal role in scenario prioritization. This research serves as a foundational study for source separation initiatives, offering practical and technically viable strategies to enhance environmental sustainability within industrial settings. Implications: Rising industrialization and population growth have led to increased municipal solid waste (MSW) production worldwide. To address this, efficient waste management strategies are essential, focusing on sustainability and resource optimization through sorting and source separation policies. By prioritizing the scenario of segregated collection followed by source separation – industrial areas can optimize material flow and resource utilization. The study highlights the influence of criteria like raw material protection, emissions, and greenhouse gases, making this research foundational for enhancing environmental sustainability in industrial settings. This study provides practical strategies for enhancing environmental sustainability in industrial settings through source separation initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Garuda River is one of the tributaries of Bengawan Solo in Sragen Regency which is suspected of experiencing a decline in water quality. This study aims to determine the quality and pollution load carrying capacity (PLCC) of the Garuda River to the source of pollutants, especially those caused by tofu industrial liquid waste. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method to analyze the status of river water quality using the pollution index (PI) method and the calculation of river PLCC using the QUAL2Kw model with 3 modeling scenarios. The analysis showed that the Garuda River was proven not to meet the class III quality standards because several parameters such as temperature, TSS, nitrite (NO2-N), and total Coliform were above the set quality standards. Based on the calculation of the pollution index, it was found that the Garuda River was proven to be polluted with a lightly polluted quality status with a pollution score ranging from 1.49 to 2.91. Based on QUAL2Kw modeling, it was found that the PLCC of Garuda River for TSS parameters was 233.28-259.20 kg/day, BOD was 12.96-15.55 kg/day, and COD was 51.84-103.68 kg/day. One of the control efforts that can be carried out is reducing the pollutant burden on each source of pollution, especially point source pollutants from tofu industrial liquid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of heavy metal pollution is a critical global concern that requires urgent solution. However, conventional heavy metal adsorbents are too costly to be applied in large-scale engineering. In this study, adsorption behavior and mechanism of sintering red mud (RM-A) and bayer red mud (RM-B) for heavy metals were investigated to address the disposal of red mud as industrial waste and remediation of heavy metal pollution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to explore the adsorption performances of RM-A and RM-B under various conditions. Characterization of RM-A and RM-B before and after adsorption by XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX was applied to investigate the specific adsorption behavior and mechanism. Adsorption experiments of both RM-A and RM-B fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, with estimated maximum adsorption capacity of 21.96 and 25.19 mg/g for Cd2+, 21.47 and 26.06 mg/g for Cu2+ and 55.47 and 59.65 mg/g for Pb2+, respectively. Precipitation transformation of calcite was the primary adsorption mechanism for RM-A, whereas ion exchange of cancrinite, surface coordination compounds of hematite and minor precipitation transformation of calcite accounted for the adsorption mechanism for RM-B. Overall, RM-A and RM-B exhibited best adsorption performance for Pb2+, with RM-B showing greater adsorption capacity attributed to its higher specific surface area. This study compared the adsorption properties of RM-A and RM-B for the first time and demonstrated that both red muds can be effectively applied to remove heavy metals, thereby contributing to the sustainable industrial waste management and resourceful reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management (SCM) is the active management of supply chain activities to optimize customer value and establish a sustainable competitive advantage. It demonstrates that supply chain management firms are actively working to establish and run source chains as profitably and well as they can. The activities that comprise the supply chain include the development of products, procurement, manufacturing, shipping, and the data systems wanted to oversee these processes. This review presents information. SCM was introduced in the opening paragraph of this page, which was followed by information about the participants and the procedures used by different businesses. It employs sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), which offers five-dimensional sustainable approaches, and presents GSCM in this study. The needs in the industrial industry's supply chain are continuously presented. Accordingly, the waste material management process is presented for different manufacturing industries, however, it consists of waste management methods like disposal method, landfill, and incineration. Additionally, this study presents detailed information about reverse Supply Chain Management (RSCM), their concept and process are explained in this review. The review describes the state of the art in survey technology, the methodology of implementation, the definition and motivation of the research topic, current trends and advancements, and the goal of the study. Reviewers came to the conclusion that RSCM controls the waste product well as a result. Utilizing the components and materials of returned goods to cut down on raw material usage and expenses is the focus of supply management in reverse logistics (RL). In future, reverse logistic SCM is introduced in the automobile industry to efficiently manage automobile waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sanitary napkins during menstruation is inevitable. However, they pose a menace to the environment because of the associated non-biodegradability. Conventional sanitary napkins are composed of around 90% plastic, which goes to landfill and remains there for centuries leading to an increased carbon footprint. A study conducted on major brands of sanitary napkins in India revealed that the presence of various phthalate groups harms neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems in women and volatile organic compounds show harmful neurological effects including paralysis and memory loss. To overcome this environmental mayhem and severe pathological effects, various approaches have been undertaken by researchers and government authorities. Plant-based alternatives aid the dire need to manufacture sanitary napkins which can decompose and leave no threat to biodiversity. The use of organic materials like cotton, jute, bamboo, banana fibers, and neem leaves in making sanitary napkins holds magnanimous potential. The utilization of sansevieria and water hyacinth to produce sanitary napkins served the dual purpose of recreating life in water bodies and providing financial independency to the local women in Africa. Leftovers of many natural products during their processing end up creating an increased amount of waste material. Incorporating the industrial waste in the absorbent layer to generate eco-friendly napkins retains the sustainable tripod and also reduces the cost which will make napkins affordable by women of every class in society. This review sheds light on the grave issue of disposal and non-biodegradability of currently used marketed sanitary napkins, various biodegradable approaches and their importance over conventional sanitary napkins, that can be adopted to overcome this environmental problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Coal ash is an important source of germanium, a crucial resource in modern society. • A coal gasification ash can be used both as germanium source and as building material. • An integrated valorization process for a real coal gasification fly ash is shown. • A more circular and sustainable recycling alternative for this waste is presented. • Better waste management option for coal gasification plants and old ash deposits. A Circular Waste Management alternative is considered in this paper in which a complete ash valorization process is proposed for an Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle fly ash, trying to extract maximum value from this waste before it is discarded. In the paper, germanium, a scarce resource vital in our modern society, is first extracted from fly ash using water, with an extraction yield of 85%, and subsequently, the leached fly ash is used in the manufacture of fire-resistant boards containing 60% ash, thereby avoiding its disposal in a landfill. The potential environmental impact caused by the two stages of the process was analyzed, and the final effluent was considered to achieve a zero-discharge objective. This paper contributes to the development of a more sustainable management alternative for an industrial waste produced in increased amounts and provides the basis for a symbiotic coupling relationship among various industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lipid-degrading bacteria found in processing ponds of palm oil mill effluent are recognized for the capacity to break down lipid using lipase enzyme. Identifying novel strains of these bacteria with high bioremediation potential contributes valuable insights to the sustainable management of palm oil mill effluent. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential bacteria, assess the in vitro lipid-degrading capabilities, characterize the traits, and evaluate lipid degradation activity of potential isolates from palm oil industry wastewater. METHODS: The method used for exploring the potential of lipid-degrading bacteria in palm oil mill effluent entailed a survey comprising various stages including detection of bacteria presence, in vitro assessment of potential indices, characterization, lipid degradation testing, and determination of lipase activity. FINDINGS: The results showed that several bacteria groups were present in palm oil mill effluent, including 50-74 percent lipolytic, 31-90 percent fermentative, 76-83 percent proteolytic, and 51-74 percent cellulolytic. Selected lipid-degrading isolates demonstrated significant in vitro potential, as evidenced by high lipolytic and fermentative indices. Isolate Enzymatic 3 had the highest lipolytic index, degradation value (48.72 percent), and lipase activity (0.12 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus cereus central carbon metabolism 2010. Similarly, isolate Fermentative 2 was found to have the highest fermentative index, degradation value (22.35 percent), and lipase activity (0.01 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus thuringiensis American type culture collection 10792. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, isolates Enzymatic 3 and Fermentative 2 showed promising potential as biological agents for bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent. The results underscored the promising potential of specific bacteria isolates in mitigating lipidrich effluents, advocating for the integration into sustainable wastewater management practices in palm oil industry. This study provided valuable insights for future investigations aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing lipid degradation and fostering environmentally friendly solutions for industrial waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of optimal planning for collection, sorting, and recycling operations. The problem arises in industrial waste management, where distinct actors manage the collection and the sorting operations. In a weekly or monthly plan horizon, they usually interact to find a suitable schedule for servicing customers but with a not well-defined scheme. We proposal an improved negotiation-based approach using an auction mechanism for optimizing these operations. Two interdependent models are presented: one for waste collection by a logistics operator and the other for sorting operations at a recycling plant. These models are formulated as mixed-integer linear programs where costs associated with sorting and collection are to be minimized, respectively. We describe the negotiation-based approach involving an auction where the logistics operator bids for collection time slots, and the recycling plant selects the optimal bid based on the integration of sorting and collection costs. This approach aims to achieve an optimization of the entire waste management process. Computational experiments are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the increase in population, technological developments, industrialization and urbanization, problems related to waste management (WM) have become increasingly important to a sustainable and global clean environment. The gradual deterioration of the quality of environmental elements and the increase in environmental problems have caused societies to focus more on environmental problems. Waste management is a form of management that includes the prevention, non-prevention, reuse, recovery, and disposal of domestic, medical, hazardous, and non-hazardous wastes. This study aims to prioritize critical success factors (CSFs), via the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in industrial waste management and to determine the most important critical success factor. The four main criteria and 23 sub-criteria were scored by the AHP method according to the opinions of five environmental engineers. After determining critical success factors, survey questions were prepared to make employees rank these factors. While the "national/local waste management strategies and policies" factor was the most important critical success factor according to environmental engineers, the most important critical success factor for employees was "enterprise waste management strategies and policies". In addition, differences in the priorities of CSFs were found in the opinions of employees in different sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study assessed the growth of two plant species and ion uptake by them grown on different proportion of industrial solid waste and garden soil. The industrial waste having high concentration of chemicals were used with garden soil at different proportion i.e. 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4). Two species namely Conocarpus erectus (alien plant) and Dodonaea viscosa (indigenous) were used as test plants in pot study. Different parameters including growth, physiology, and anatomy of plants and concentration of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) in the plant shoot and root were measured at different time duration (initial, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month). The key objective of the study was to use these plants to establish their plantations on the barren lands where industrial solid wastes were being disposed of. C. erectus showed better growth than D. viscosa, as well as more uptake of ions. A significant increase in plant growth was observed in fourth month in T1, where plant height reached 24.5% and 46% for C. erectus and D. viscosa, respectively. At harvest, in C. erectus, no significant difference in the fresh (65–78 g) and dry weight (24–30 g) of the shoot was observed across treatments compared to the control. In D. viscosa, at the time of harvest, the fresh and dry weights of the root and shoot showed a strong, significantly decreasing pattern across T1, T2, and T3, leading to the death of the plant at T3 and T4. Further, optimum ratio of waste soil to garden soil was found as 10:90 and 20:80 to establish the plantations of D. viscosa and C. erectus, respectively in areas where such solid waste from industries are disposed. Findings can be used for the restoration of such solid waste for the sustainable management of industrial areas and their associated ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on harnessing recycled materials to create sustainable and efficient composites, addressing both environmental issues related to waste management and industrial requirements for materials with improved vibration damping properties. The research involves the analysis of the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained composites and the evaluation of their performance in practical applications. Composite materials were tested in terms of their tensile strength and vibration damping capabilities, considering stress–strain diagrams, vibration amplitudes, frequency response functions (FRFs) and vibration modes. The research results have shown that by adding PVC and FA to the rubber-based matrix composition, the stiffness decreases and elasticity increases. The use of FA in the structure of composite materials causes an increase in the vibration damping possibilities due to the fact that it contributes to the chemical properties of the analyzed composite materials. Additionally, the use of PVC results in increased material elasticity, as evidenced by the higher damping factor compared to materials containing only rubber. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and PVC in specific proportions (60 phr) can lead to a decrease in stiffness and a greater increase in the damping factor. The incorporation of PVC and fly ash (FA) particles into rubber-based matrix composites reduces their stiffness and increases their elasticity. These effects are due to the fact that FA particles behave as extensions of chemical bonds during traction, which contributes to the increase in yield elongation. In addition, the use of flexible PVC increases the elasticity of the material, which is evidenced by the increase in the damping factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) in industrial parks poses a severe threat to the water and soil environment. To address the lack of system‐level guidance strategies for ISW management (ISWM), the paper proposes a systematic ISWM framework within the context of the circular economy principle and applies it to a prominent eco‐industrial park in China. This framework is founded on the metabolic characteristics of the entire ISW process, supported by multi‐stakeholder cooperation, and guaranteed by a shareable information platform and infrastructure. A holistic ISW flow analytical process is introduced to facilitate the implementation of this framework. In the case study, a high‐resolution inventory of ISW is established by 157 enterprises in 2021, covering 116 types of general ISW and 61 types of hazardous waste (HW). By integrating material flow analysis, questionnaires, and interviews, this study quantitatively reveals the underperformance of mini‐scale HW recycling, with a recycling rate of 5.6% in 2021, well below the park‐wide rate of 50.8%. Collaborative inboundary and transboundary disposal emerges as a crucial direction for ISWM, with over 80% of ISW being disposed of outside the park. Following the implementation of circular economy strategies guided by the management framework, notable improvements are observed, including a 26.5% increase in the recycling rate of mini‐scale HW and a 13.5% increase in the proportion of disposal outside Beijing. To foster sustainable ISWM, this study recommends enhancing the decentralized infrastructure of collection–storage–transportation integration for mini‐scale ISW in industrial parks. The developed management framework provides valuable insights and guidance for park‐specific ISWM strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines institutional collective action and transaction cost (TC) dilemmas in a self‐organizing policy network involving federal, state, and municipal agencies for waste services in a port and industrial park. A thematic analysis revealed dilemmas in: (a) vertical levels, which lack leadership in industrial waste management due to unclear responsibility delegation across government levels; (b) horizontal levels, reluctant to take responsibilities and define jurisdiction boundaries for efficient waste services; and (c) functional levels, which exhibit fragmented and unaligned action scopes. Transaction costs, stemming from a deficiency in expertise, infrastructure, and organized information regarding companies' waste management, hinder effective programs and policies. Without tackling these challenges and TCs through a governance framework that includes implementation strategies, monitoring, and institutional controls, the self‐organizing policy network is likely to remain stuck in collective institutional inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empty and partially filled grain (EPFG) from rice milling factories is usually discarded to landfill. Converting EPFG to valuable products could increase the waste value, improve Malaysia's rice milling waste management, and prevent environmental problems. Utilising the existing and accessible technology in rice mills factories, the optimal waste management practices involving EPFG were investigated. The options were option 1 as biochar, option 2 as compost, and option 3 as bioethanol. Data was obtained from a previous study based on the current Malaysian scenario. A methodology integrating MFA and LCA was applied to observe the environmental performance of these options, which was performed using STAN2 and SimaPro 9.0 software. The best environmental performance was found for the conversion of EPFG to compost (option 2) since less input was used and fewer emissions were released. A total of 3,550 kg CO2 eq. per ton of EPFG used was obtained while avoiding fertiliser products. Therefore, converting EPFG to compost as an easily applied technology can be suggested to rice mill factories to improve their waste management. When deployed in agricultural waste management systems, the integration MFA-LCA model could be referred to as a useful source when implementing policies and industrial uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the impact of industrial microbial alkaline proteases from isolated bacillus strains. It discusses the applications of alkaline proteases in the food industry, detergent industry, leather industry, photographic industry, as well as in medicines, management of industrial and household waste, peptide synthesis and silk degumming.

This research explored the potential of marble wastewater (MWW) in cement paste and mortar production, addressing water scarcity, sustainable growth, and resource management. It investigated the physico-mechanical properties and microstructure of cement materials incorporated with varying amounts of MWW. In this study, we utilized tap water and MWW for mortar quality testing, focusing on parameters including setting times, water absorption, and mechanical strength. The viability of MWW in concrete formulations was confirmed by its acceptable total dissolved solids and alkalinity levels. A comprehensive experimental program determined that using marble wastewater in place of tap water reduced the quantity of water required for cement consistency and generated slightly higher compressive strengths (2, 3, 4, and 6%) after 28 days of curing. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed for molecular and microstructural analyses, which revealed that MWW had a significant influence on portlandite development and CSH formation at higher replacement levels. In short, this research highlights the feasibility of using MWW in cement products, contributing to sustainable water resources, and industrial waste management and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of sustainability, the integration of renewable energy into industrial processes not only minimizes dependence on fossil fuels but also contributes to the efficient management of industrial waste. By transforming organic waste, including agri-food and urban waste, into biogas, green energy can be generated, thus reducing the impact on the environment and closing the loop of material used in the economic circuit. Thus, a sustainable system can be promoted, where resources are continuously reused and exploited. Statistical methods and a decision tree with the Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm were employed to analyze data. The paper focuses on the importance of industrial waste and biogas for the generation, transformation, and consumption of energy in the EU (European Union)-27 countries. To provide a thorough analysis, we have divided these countries based on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, grouping them above/below the annual average for the period 2012–2021/2022. Descriptive statistics revealed observable differences between the two groups, but the paper aimed to provide evidence regarding the existence of these differences as statistically significant. Using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the non-normal distribution of the data was confirmed, requiring non-parametric inferential methods. The Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups for all the studied variables. This comprehensive approach highlights the distinct energy-related characteristics influenced by economic development in the EU-27. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management in the textile and clothing (TAC) industry is a challenging issue due to high resource consumption and pollution generation. Therefore, the adoption of industrial symbiosis (IS) is the need of the hour for the TAC industry. However, the adoption of IS in emerging economies like India, Brazil, Bangladesh, etc. is limited due to various impediments. The present work aims to identify and analyse these barriers and develop mitigation strategies in the context of Indian TAC industry. Eighteen IS barriers have been identified and validated; and the interrelationships among them are studied by applying the 'weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS)' method, which not only estimates the intensity of influence but also takes the self-strength of barriers into account. The results show that lack of trust amongst supply chain partners, lack of financial incentives from the government, lack of guidance from regularity bodies and industry associations and lack of consumer awareness are the most significant barriers. Additionally, the strategies to mitigate these barriers are developed based on a quadruple helix framework considering academia–-government–industry–society as the main actors. The findings of the study will be helpful for the TAC industry, policymakers and other concerned stakeholders in framing suitable strategies to improve the long-term waste management practices of the industry and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Korean government has implemented an acceptance system to promote the high-quality recycling of waste. Industrial waste generators must provide "hazardous characteristics data" to recycling operators. Nonetheless, ~80% of industrial safety accidents in South Korea occur during recycling, most involving fire or explosions. Moreover, a gap in safety management exists during 'Circular Resource' acceptance if the target substance is not regarded as waste. In this study collected data on hazardous waste characteristics. From 62 waste generators, 72 waste samples were collected, accounting for most of the resources accepted for recycling, including waste synthetic polymers, slag, dust, waste sand, and waste foundry sand. Then, the hazardous characteristics, as stated in the Ministry of Environment notifications, were assessed. Leaching toxicity was detected in one slag sample and six dust samples. The Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, F, and CN levels dissatisfied the Soil Contamination Warning Standard in 31 samples. Explosivity was not detected in any sample, whereas flammability was detected in one waste synthetic polymer sample. The results revealed 15 cases of potential flammability. Flammability is legally defined as below the criteria if the combustion speed criterion is not met. However, in the case of flame ignition, which could cause large fires and safety accidents, the relevant notification should be revised. In this study, we aimed to improve the gap between the hazardous waste management systems and industrial fields through actual measurements of hazardous characteristics. By doing so, we seek to contribute to the prevention of environmental and safety accidents. By continuously accumulating data and utilizing actual measurements, we aim to revise and enhance relevant regulations, ultimately improving the hazardous characteristics of waste management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPakistan is a developing country and its population is growing rapidly. The trend towards economic growth and satisfying the needs of the growing population is increasing daily. For this purpose, industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and household-related activities pollute the atmospheric environment and release different types of toxic gases. Particulate matter assessments (PM2.5 and PM10) were reviewed in different cities of Pakistan. Respectively, the PM2.5 evaluation was carried out in 15 cities, while the PM10 concentration was in 18 cities in Pakistan. According to the review, the highest concentrations of PM2.5 were 302, 211.97, 88, 163.63, 113.09, 110.81, 110.81, 139.43, 126.97, 107.68, 109.81, 172, 150, 66, 354, 43.9, 2305 µg/m3 in Lahore, Faisalabad, Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Vehari, Bahawalnagar, Okara, Pakpattan, Jehlum, Sargodha, Peshawar Quetta, Islamabad, Haripur, Mingora, and Mardan (Jalala). Specifically, the highest concentration of PM10 were 301, 568, 638, 160.5, 200, 384.15, 301.38, 311.61, 700 µg/m3 in Lahore, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Charsada, Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Rawalpindi, and Quetta. Only, these cities are the most polluted in the whole country and the concentration of PM2.5 was above the normal range those prescribed by the National Environmental Quality Standred (NEQS). Commonly, the main problem is the suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in the atmosphere. The increasing level of pollution leads to different types of problems such as respiratory problems, eye irritation, throat infections, asthma, and cancer, and it also increases the level of death ratio in the country. The main reason for PM is the burning of solid waste near cities; industrial emission, vehicular emission, lack of proper green belt and solid waste management are the main reasons for atmospheric pollution. Given the existing state of the air, urgent action is required to address the low air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics has inspired extensive research into bioplastic production. This study aims to help meet the demand for eco-friendly materials by exploring the potential of pear waste biomass as a valuable resource for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production in biorefineries. To meet the growing demand for bioplastics, it is crucial to develop novel PHA materials with desirable product quality from cost-effective waste-carbon substrates. Bioplastics, known for their biodegradability and ease of decomposition, offer a promising solution for alleviating the burden on municipal and industrial waste management. However, the bottleneck in industrial PHA production lies in the high cost of carbon substrates and the complexity of downstream processes. Bacterial PHA production has emerged as a promising approach because it utilizes agricultural and industrial waste as renewable carbon substrates, thereby eliminating waste management challenges. This process not only addresses the issues associated with synthetic plastics but also contributes to a more sustainable future. Specifically, agro-industrial waste from the pear fruit industry, including pear residues, pear twigs, and discarded paper bags, represents a promising feedstock for PHA production due to its abundant availability and potential to mitigate waste disposal issues. This review comprehensively examines state-of-the-art approaches, challenges, and opportunities in producing PHA from pear waste materials. Moreover, it highlights the potential of pear waste biomass as a resource for PHA production in biorefineries, emphasizing its role in addressing waste management challenges and contributing to the development of eco-friendly materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane (PU) is a type of polymer, which exists in various forms in the environment. Very few studies are available concerning the structure or enzymatic mechanism of the microbial community, which can degrade PU. Degradation of PU remains a difficult problem with respect to the environmental and biological disciplines. This study mainly focused on identifying the micro-organisms able to degrade polyurethane and confirming the degradation by performing a plate assay, Sturm test and scanning electron microscopy. Optimal culture conditions for maximum PU degradation were also analyzed through classical methods. A soil burial test was conducted by placing polyurethane films in the soil for one month, and the microbe growing on the surface of polyurethane films—with a maximum degradation of 55%—was isolated and identified as Aspergillus versicolor (ARF5). The culture medium was also optimized with different physical and chemical parameters for maximum PU degradation. The presence of CO2 as a by-product of PU biodegradation was confirmed through the Sturm test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Tractors Company prioritizes sustainable waste management practices. This study investigated their current system, aiming to identify opportunities for improvement in efficiency and environmental impact. The research focused on how effectively United Tractors manages their waste streams, from minimizing generation at the source to responsibly processing and disposing of unavoidable waste. The analysis revealed a successful integrated waste management system at United Tractors, encompassing practices like composting, recycling, and proper treatment of hazardous materials. This approach demonstrates their commitment to minimizing their environmental footprint. The study went beyond current practices, identifying promising advancements in waste processing technologies like gasification and bioethanol production. These techniques offer exciting possibilities for further reducing waste and potentially even generating valuable resources from waste materials. The effectiveness of United Tractors’ system can be attributed to their comprehensive approach. The study conducted a detailed waste collection study to understand the composition and volume of waste generated across various departments. This data-driven approach allowed for a thorough cost analysis and an evaluation of the operational efficiency within the waste management system. Importantly, the study highlighted the potential benefits of incorporating advanced waste processing techniques for even greater sustainability in the future. While further feasibility studies are needed before full-scale implementation, these findings pave the way for United Tractors to develop and implement even more sustainable waste management practices in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry strives for sustainable solutions to tackle environmental challenges and optimize resource use. One such focus area is the management of industrial byproducts and waste materials, including fugitive dust control through wheel washers. While wheel washers play a pivotal role in dust management, they generate a challenging byproduct known as wheel washer sludge (WWS). The disposal of WWS is complicated due to its composition and potential hazards. Recent research explores reusing WWS in construction materials, particularly in repair mortar, aiming for sustainability and circular economy principles. This study investigates the incorporation of WWS into repair mortar formulations, evaluating mechanical properties, durability, and environmental implications. Results show that WWS enhances workability but prolongs setting time. Mechanical strength tests reveal improvements with WWS addition, especially when pretreated. Water absorption rates decrease with pretreated WWS, indicating enhanced durability. Chemical attack tests demonstrate resistance to carbonation and chloride penetration, especially with modified WWS. Freeze–thaw tests reveal improved resistance with WWS addition, particularly modified. Microstructure analysis confirms hydration products and denser matrices with WWS inclusion. Environmental hazard analysis shows WWS contains no harmful heavy metals, indicating its suitability for use in repairs. Overall, this study highlights the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of incorporating WWS into repair mortar, contributing to sustainable construction practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanning, crucial for leather production, relies heavily on chromium yet poses risks due to chromium's oxidative conversion, leading to significant wastewater and solid waste generation. Physico-chemical methods are typically used for heavy metal removal, but they have drawbacks, prompting interest in eco-friendly biological remediation techniques like biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation. The EU Directive (2018/850) mandates alternatives to landfilling or incineration for industrial textile waste management, highlighting the importance of environmentally conscious practices for leather products' end-of-life management, with composting being the most researched and viable option. This study aimed to isolate microorganisms from tannery wastewater and identify those responsible for different types of tanned leather biodegradation. Bacterial shifts during leather biodegradation were observed using a leather biodegradation assay (ISO 20136) with tannery and municipal wastewater as the inoculum. Over 10,000 bacterial species were identified in all analysed samples, with 7 bacterial strains isolated from tannery wastewaters. Identification of bacterial genera like Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, and Mycolicibacterium provides insights into potential microbial candidates for enhancing leather biodegradability, wastewater treatment, and heavy metal bioremediation in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feathers are by-products that are generated in significant quantities by the poultry industry. Microbial bioconversion has been investigated as a promising strategy for the processing of feathers, since, along with the degradation of these keratinous materials, bioprocessing can result in value-added products. Thus, from the perspective of industrial microbiology, chicken feathers can be considered a raw material for obtaining microbial proteases. Within this context, this research investigated and characterized the production of extracellular proteases by Aspergillus sp., isolated from soil of the Amazon Rainforest. The enzymatic production was evaluated using several growth substrates (whole feathers, feather meal, human hair, casein, gelatin, peptone and chicken beaks). With highest enzyme production was obtained the feather meal (FM) and peptone. After 48 h of fermentation, FM degradation was 15.82%. The crude protease showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 37 °C and enzymatic activity was enhanced with the addition of 1 and 5 mM of CaCl2, MnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and CuSO4 . The detergents Tween 20 and Triton x-100, at concentrations 0.5 and 1% (v/v), tended to stimulate activity. The presence of 0.5 and 1% (v/v) of organic solvents (methanol, acetone, butanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and DMSO), maintained the enzymatic activity. β–mercaptoethanol stimulated proteolytic activity in the enzymatic assays. This study suggested new direction for waste management with industrial applications giving rise to green technology for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Industrial solid waste management and recycling are important to environmental sustainability. In this study, cobalt (Co) nanoparticles encapsulated in paint sludge-derived activated carbon (AC) were fabricated. The Co-AC possessed high conductivity, magnetic properties and abundant metal oxide impurities (TiAlSiO x), which was applied as multifunctional catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Compared to pure AC, the Co-AC exhibited significant enhanced performance for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) via PMS activation. Mechanism studies by in situ Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance suggested that surface-bonded PMS (PMS*) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) are the dominant reactive species for TCH oxidation. The non-radical species can efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants with high efficiency, which minimized the consumption of PMS and the catalyst. The removal percentages of TCH reached 97 % within 5 min and ∼ 99 % within 15 min in the Co-AC/PMS system. The Co active sites facilitated PMS adsorption to form the PMS* and the TiAlSiO x impurities provided abundant oxygen vacancy for generation of the 1O 2. In addition, the Co-AC/PMS system achieved high efficiency and stability for oxidation of the target pollutants over a long-term continuous operation. This work not only offers a cost-effective approach for recycling industrial waste but also provides new insights into the application of waste-derived catalyst for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The management of industrial solid waste (ISW) and promoting sustainable circular development of the industrial economy is an urgent priority today. Therefore, this article constructs a sustainable circular model of 'generation-value-technology' of ISW management through the lens of industrial added value (IAV) and technology level. Also, the importance of the role of government is considered in the model. Based on actual data of China, this article simulates the future trend of the model using a system dynamics approach. The chief findings of the study are as follows: (1) under the current policy, China's future industrialization is increasing and the technological level of industrial enterprises is rising, but this is accompanied by a climb in ISW generation. (2) The win–win situation of ISW decrease and IAV increase can be achieved through enhanced information disclosure, technology innovation and government incentives. (3) Government subsidy should be oriented towards supporting technology innovation in industrial enterprises while reducing the proportion of incentives for ISW management results. Based on the results, this study proposes targeted policy implications for government and industrial enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial waste management is critical to maintaining environmental sustainability. The dairy industry (DI), as one of the major consumers of freshwater, generates substantial whey dairy effluent, which is notably rich in organic matter and thus a significant pollutant. The effluent represents environmental risks due to its high biological and chemical oxygen demands. Today, stringent government regulations, environmental laws, and heightened consumer health awareness are compelling industries to responsibly manage and reuse whey waste. Therefore, this study investigates sustainable solutions for efficiently utilizing DI waste. Employing a systematic review approach, the research reveals that innovative technologies enable the creation of renewable, high‐quality, value‐added food products from dairy byproducts. These innovations offer promising sustainable waste management strategies for the dairy sector, aligning with economic interests. The main objectives of the study deal with, (a) assessing the environmental impact of dairy sector waste, (b) exploring the multifaceted nutritional and health benefits inherent in cheese whey, and (c) investigating diverse biotechnological approaches to fashion value‐added, eco‐friendly dairy whey‐based products for potential integration into various food products, and thus fostering economic sustainability. Finally, the implications of this work span theoretical considerations, practical applications, and outline future research pathways crucial for advancing the sustainable management of dairy waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including extremophiles. These unique microorganisms have gained interest in PHA production due to their ability to utilise low‐cost carbon sources under extreme conditions. In this study, Halomonas alkaliantarctica was examined with regards to its potential to produce PHAs using crude glycerol from biodiesel industry as the only carbon source. We found that cell dry mass concentration was not dependent on the applying substrate concentration. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the analysed halophile was capable of metabolising crude glycerol into poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) copolymer within 24 h of the cultivation without addition of any precursors. Moreover, crude glycerol concentration affects the repeat units content in the purified PHAs copolymers and their thermal properties. Nevertheless, a differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the analysed biopolyesters have properties suitable for various applications. Overall, this study described a promising approach for the valorisation of crude glycerol as a future strategy of industrial waste management to produce high value microbial biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial for a special issue of the journal "Processes" focused on wastewater and waste treatment. The editorial highlights the urgent need for innovative and sustainable solutions in waste and wastewater management due to escalating pollution levels, climate change, and diminishing natural resources. The special issue includes a diverse array of research papers covering various topics, such as urban waste, industrial and agro-industrial wastes, physicochemical and biological treatment methods, and advanced oxidation processes. The editorial also mentions specific research papers that present innovative treatment technologies, optimization of existing processes, and the recovery of valuable materials and energy from waste streams. The document concludes by emphasizing the challenges faced by the field and the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations to develop holistic and adaptable solutions for a cleaner and more sustainable future. [Extracted from the article]

This research explored the potential of marble wastewater (MWW) in cement paste and mortar production, addressing water scarcity, sustainable growth, and resource management. It investigated the physico-mechanical properties and microstructure of cement materials incorporated with varying amounts of MWW. In this study, we utilized tap water and MWW for mortar quality testing, focusing on parameters including setting times, water absorption, and mechanical strength. The viability of MWW in concrete formulations was confirmed by its acceptable total dissolved solids and alkalinity levels. A comprehensive experimental program determined that using marble wastewater in place of tap water reduced the quantity of water required for cement consistency and generated slightly higher compressive strengths (2, 3, 4, and 6%) after 28 days of curing. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed for molecular and microstructural analyses, which revealed that MWW had a significant influence on portlandite development and CSH formation at higher replacement levels. In short, this research highlights the feasibility of using MWW in cement products, contributing to sustainable water resources, and industrial waste management and utilization.

Currently, the global demand for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is significantly increasing. PHAs are produced by several bacteria that are an alternative source of synthetic polymers derived from petrochemical refineries. This study established a simple and more feasible process of PHA production by Halomonas alkaliantarctica using dairy waste as the only carbon source. The data confirmed that the analyzed halophile could metabolize cheese whey (CW) and cheese whey mother liquor (CWML) into biopolyesters. The highest yield of PHAs was 0.42 g/L in the cultivation supplemented with CWML. Furthermore, it was proved that PHA structure depended on the type of by-product from cheese manufacturing, its concentration, and the culture time. The results revealed that H. alkaliantarctica could produce P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer in the cultivations with CW at 48 h and 72 h without adding of any precursors. Based on the data obtained from physicochemical and thermal analyses, the extracted copolymer was reported to have properties suitable for various applications. Overall, this study described a promising approach for valorizing of dairy waste as a future strategy of industrial waste management to produce high value microbial biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal waste contains few macro-and micronutrients, which makes it less likely to become a growth site for microorganisms. One way to screen coal waste resources is to identify the diversity of microbes in them to study the relationship between these microbial communities in contributing to improving environmental pollution using metagenomics to determine microbial diversity. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity of microorganisms in areas contaminated with heavy metals using a metagenomic method. This study was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, including DNA extraction, 16S rRNA amplification, and gene sequencing analysis. The results of this research found that the 10 most commonly found species were Baekduia soli, Nocardioides iriomotensis, Nocardioides mesophilus, Nocardioides pakistanensis, Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum, Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans, Gemmatirosa kalamazoonensis, Roseisolibacter agri, Kosakonia sacchari, and Dickeya fangzhongdai. Based on this research, it can be concluded that most of the microbial communities from coal waste are dominated by the phylum Actinobaceria. The results of this study can be used as an adaptive microbial germplasm for industrial waste management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis was conducted on raw and treated wastewater and the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The research aimed to demonstrate improved efficiency in reducing heavy metal levels as a part of municipal and industrial waste management, with a specific emphasis on minimising the overall environmental impact. In this study, we presented the results of a repeated measures analysis of variance and assessed compliance with heavy metal content standards in sewage sludge from municipal treatment using a one-sample t-test against a reference norm. The analysis included measurements conducted between 2004 and 2015. We conducted an analysis of heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg). High Zn concentration that we observed in pre-treatment wastewater raised important questions. Leakages in sewage networks can result in contaminants infiltrating the wastewater, thereby increasing pollutant concentrations. Elevated concentrations can stem from industrial activities, where Zn and pollutants are discharged into wastewater as byproducts of industrial operations. The study illustrated the attainment of the highest sanitary standards, ensuring that treatment processes effectively eliminate harmful toxic substances, ultimately guaranteeing that the final product is safe for further reclamation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expansive soil causes road construction damage in the form of cracks or deformations due to changes in moisture content. One method to address this issue is soil stabilization using additive materials. Special additives can sometimes be expensive; hence it is necessary to use additive materials based on industrial waste as a waste management solution to solve the problem of expansive soil as a road construction subgrade. This study aims to analyze the effects of adding two types of industrial waste, namely fly ash (FA) and waste foundry sand (WFS), regarding the microstructure, physical, and mechanical properties of expansive soil. The method of stabilizing expansive soil involves mixing the soil with 9 % FA and various levels of WFS (0 %, 7.5 %, 10 %, 15 %) based on the dry weight of the soil. Microstructure testing includes quantitative X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Physical property testing includes specific gravity, Atterberg limits and sieve analysis. Mechanical testing, i. e. compaction, California Bearing Ratio, swelling, and Triaxial tests were conducted. Soil stabilized with 9 % FA and 15 % WFS shows a significant increase in the internal friction angle and cohesion, reducing swelling by 67.18 % compared to the original soil swelling. The addition of 9 % fly ash and 15 % WFS to expansive soil reduces the content of montmorillonite. Natural expansive soils have a very poor soaked CBR of 0.94 %, while stabilized soils with 9 % FA and 15 % WFS have a soaked CBR of 6.46 %. This means that the soaked CBR of the stabilized soil meets the minimum CBR required for road subgrade construction. A mixture of 9 % FA and 15 % WFS in expansive soil can be recommended as a material for stabilizing expansive soil due to its ability to improve microstructure and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing waste in that industry is dominant and attracts the attention of the town waste management system. The present study aims to identify the best alternative for managing environmental problems and waste in Ahvaz industrial towns. The criteria and indicators of transforming industrial towns into EIPs are collected and analyzed from different aspects and, then, prioritized using fuzzy and TOPSIS fuzzy techniques. Accordingly, four main criteria (environmental, economic, social/legal, and specialized/technical) are considered, for each of which some sub-criteria are considered. According to the criteria and sub-criteria as well as library and field studies, six alternatives are considered. Results of the questionnaire distributed among experts and employees in Ahvaz industrial towns are collected. The items in each criterion are scored 1-10. Calculations performed in fuzzy and real environments reveal compiling executive guidelines and standards (0.591) is the most appropriate alternative, followed by tertiary education and infrastructural culture building (0.557), modifying and updating laws and regulations (0.535), developing industrial research, development and training units (0.462), providing financial support for knowledge-based activities of industries (0.419) and developing industry monitoring and evaluation units (0.371) as the first to sixth priorities. The results indicated executive guidelines and standards should be compiled to manage environmental problems in industrial towns and transform towns into echo-industrial parks. It is hoped that decision-makers in this field will take an important step to transform industrial towns into echo-industrial parks, minimize environmental problems and manage waste by developing executive guidelines and updated and advanced standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the application of electrocoagulation for the removal of cyanide from industrial waste solutions, utilizing a novel cell design and optimization via Response surface methodology. The electrocoagulation cell consists of two aluminum electrodes with a unique geometry that offers built-in cooling and uniform interelectrode gap. The Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the process parameters, including current density, initial cyanide concentration, pH, and sodium chloride concentration. The experimental results demonstrated a high efficiency of cyanide removal, reaching up to 98% within 120 min. The energy consumption was found to range between 2.5 and 24 kW∙h/m3 of solution. The sludge produced from the process was characterized using FTIR, TEM, and EDX, revealing the presence of amorphous aluminum oxyhydroxides and small, agglomerated particles. The statistical analysis of the data using ANOVA confirmed the significance of the reduced quadratic model, with an F-value of 735.94 and a P-value of 0.0001. The optimization of the process resulted in the identification of the optimal conditions for maximum cyanide removal: time = 116 min; initial cyanide concentration = 175 mg/L; pH = 10; NaCl conc. = 2.2 g/L; and current density = 11.15 mA/cm2. This study provides valuable insights into the efficient removal of cyanide from industrial waste solutions using electrocoagulation, offering a promising approach for environmental protection and industrial waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remediation and preparation for development is a crucial aspect of the valorization of post-mining areas. This study is focused on technologies devoted to the cement stabilization of post-industrial waste and petroleum contaminated soils. Two case studies are presented. Case 1 is based on the stabilization works of waste from a closed chemical plant in order to turn it into an engineered landfill. The results form the basis for numerical studies of slope stability. The shorter case 2 is based on the laboratory testing of a soil–cement composite with regard to petroleum contamination and the application of active carbon to neutralize it in the course of deep soil mixing. Both cases, due to the use of slag cement, are not considered to be sustainable (due to a relatively high carbon footprint), but they represent current geotechnical practice and form a reference for a wide range of applications. Both cases show the positive impact of stabilization by means of the addition of a hydraulic binder. The effect of soil improvement is measurable in terms of the stability factor of landfill slopes. The effect of active charcoal addition seems to be a valuable improvement to standard deep soil mixing technology in the case of contaminated soil. The presented results, despite their local importance related to the cases under scrutiny, have an important educational and scientific value for the energy sector, where contaminated sites need to be valorized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of waste through dual way of recycling (i-e offline and online) is assumed to have a key role in attaining ecological sustainability and enabling circular practices. The research on online recycling is gaining evolution in recent age. Prior literature on the current research theme has failed to provide a comprehensive outlook and future trend. Therefore, the current research intends to elaborate the current research scenario linked with online recycling by critically scrutinizing the prior research over the last 41 years. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, retrieving a total of 866 articles. These articles were selected to provide a conceptual overview and understanding of the fundamental research conducted in the field. By employing bibliometric analysis this research provides comprehensive detail about evolution, mapping of publications and prominent trends from the year 1981 to 2022 to understand the practices and future trends of online recycling research. The outcomes elucidated that there is exponential increase in research publications relating to online recycling over the last five years. The most influential producer of online recycling research are China, United Kingdom and United States. Chinese Universities has the highest number of publications among all the countries across globe. Moreover, the current research trend is focused on technology based circular economy, industrial ecology, bio-based waste management, dual channel recycling, municipal waste, waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), environmental impact and lifecycle assessment. Hence, the prominent research perspective and highlighted features could offer recommendation for upcoming studies to contribute in literature and help practitioners, policymakers and professionals move towards circular practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]