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Diseñar la fase inicial (I y II) del sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo SGSST para la Quesera Cifuentes, bajo los estándares mínimos establecidos en la resolución 0312 de 2019, ubicada en Toledo Norte de Santander. El presente trabajo se desarrolló con la finalidad de dar solución a la necesidad sentida de la empresa Quesera Cifuentes para dar cumplimiento a los requisitos legales contemplados en el Decreto 1072 de 2015 y la resolución 0312 de 2019, correspondiente al Diseño del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Este proyecto diseñó la primera y segunda fase del sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, desarrollando unas herramientas calves para la identificación, valoración y evaluación de los riesgos que actualmente desarrolla la empresa, brindándoles una base sólida que permita desarrollar estrategias que contribuyan a la eliminación, sustitución y control de las diferentes situaciones o elementos que representen una amenaza a la salud de sus colaboradores, proponiendo una herramienta clave para la posterior implementación del SG-SST. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron visualizar que la empresa a la fecha tiene un nivel de cumplimiento del 88% de los estándares mínimos, realizada la evaluación bajo el direccionamiento de la ARL Positiva en la Plataforma Alissta. Así mismo, se identificaron los principales riesgos Aceptables con control específico, entre los que encontramos Biológicos (Covid-19), Biomecánicos (Manipulación manual de cargas) y condiciones de seguridad (locativos) mediante la realización de la Matriz de peligros y evaluación de riesgos con la metodología GTC-45. Con los anteriores resultados se analizaron y se proyectaron la base documental para la cual se consolidaron 113 documentos, entre los que se pueden visualizar actas, formatos, políticas, reglamento, procedimientos, programas, matrices, planes, flujogramas e infografías que permiten dar paso a la implementación del sistema de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo en la Quesera Cifuentes. This work was developed with the purpose of providing a solution to the felt need of the company Quesera Cifuentes to comply with the legal requirements contemplated in Decree 1072 of 2015 and Resolution 0312 of 2019, corresponding to the Design of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System. This project designed the first and second phase of the occupational health and safety management system, developing key tools for the identification, assessment and evaluation of the risks that the company currently develops, providing them with a solid foundation that allows developing strategies that contribute to the elimination, replacement and control of the different situations or elements that represent a threat to the health of its collaborators, proposing a key tool for the subsequent implementation of the SG-SST. The results obtained showed that to date the company has a level of compliance of 88% of the minimum standards, carried out under the direction of ARL Positiva in the Alissta Platform. Likewise, the main Acceptable risks with specific control were identified, among which we find Biological (Covid-19), Biomechanical (manual handling of loads) and safety conditions (locative) through the completion of the Hazard Matrix and risk assessment with the GTC-45 methodology. Diseño fase I y II del SGSST en la empresa Quesos Cifuentes 8 With the above results, we analyzed and projected the documentary base for which 113 documents were consolidated, among which we can visualize minutes, formats, policies, regulations, procedures, programs, matrices, plans, flowcharts, and infographics that allow the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety system in Quesera Cifuentes.

Initial evaluation structures (IESs) currently proposed as the earliest detectors of affective stimuli (e.g., amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, or insula) are high-order structures (a) whose response latency cannot account for the first visual cortex emotion-related response (~80 ms), and (b) lack the necessary infrastructure to locally analyze the visual features that define emotional stimuli. Several thalamic structures accomplish both criteria. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a first-order thalamic nucleus that actively processes visual information, with the complement of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) are proposed as core IESs. This LGN–TRN tandem could be supported by the pulvinar, a second-order thalamic structure, and by other extrathalamic nuclei. The visual thalamus, scarcely explored in affective neurosciences, seems crucial in early emotional evaluation., This research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (Grant no. PGC2018-093570- B-I00) and the Comunidad de Madrid (Grant no. HUM19-HUM5705).

Adolescent care centers, or “Maisons d’adolescents” (“MDAs”), are designed to welcome, assist, guide and treat teenagers in difficulty. The first step in this process consists of initial interviews and evaluations conducted by health care professionals and social workers. Because of the diversity and complexity of cases encountered, the MDA health care professionals must possess a variety of relational skills and competencies to properly conduct these interviews. The purpose of this study is to analyze the subjective experience of MDA health care professionals and social workers doing initial interviews in order to identify these relational skills and competencies. The study involves semi-structured interviews of MDA professionals in three different MDAs. The results show the importance for the adolescent to objectify his experience in his own words and from his own perspective. This process occurs through the intervention of the subjectivity of the professional and a shared experience between the adolescent and the caregiver which enable the latter to guide the adolescent through his feelings. The bond and the working alliance thus formed is an essential step towards further investment of the adolescent with other professionals and services and the development of help-seeking behavior. We have discussed the importance of inter-subjectivity and mirrored experiencing in the building of representations and symbolization as well as the importance of ways of supporting professionals experiencing shared emotions with their patients. These results would benefit from complementary studies analyzing the experience of families and adolescent.; L'accueil et l'orientation, missions des maisons des adolescents, est assurée par des entretiens soignants d'accueil et d'orientation. La grande variété des situations accueillies au sein d’une maison des adolescents, impose une variété de pratiques et des professionnels intervenants. Cette pratique originale nécessite d’être explorée afin d’en cerner les bénéfices et les limites. L’objectif était d’explorer l’expérience des soignants qui réalisent les entretiens d’accueil des adolescents, au sein de maisons d’adolescents, afin de mieux identifier les outils relationnels et les compétences nécessaires à la formation du lien avec les adolescents et leur ancrage dans une prise en charge soignante. La méthode consistait en une analyse qualitative d’entretiens semi-structurés de professionnels de santé qui reçoivent des adolescents dans le cadre d’entretiens d’accueil au sein de trois maisons des adolescents. L’analyse des résultats a montré que l’élaboration d’une demande de soins par les adolescents nécessite, de leur part, la construction d’une représentation élaborée et appropriée. L’intervention de la subjectivité de l’accueillant apparaît fondamental dans le cheminement de la demande à travers l’établissement d’un espace commun d’expérience avec l’accueilli. Les résultats nous ont emmené à discuter du rôle de l’intersubjectivité et des interactions, en miroir, dans les processus de symbolisation et de subjectivation et de la nécessité d’espaces réflexifs facilitant l’engagement de la subjectivité de l’accueillant. Ces résultats nécessitent néanmoins des études complémentaires et notamment l’interrogation du vécu des adolescents et des familles accueillis.

Background Serum cystatin C (sCysC) and urinary cystatin C (uCysC) are potential biomarkers for early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. An in-depth clinical validation is required. Objectives To evaluate CysC as a marker for CKD in cats and to compare assay performance of the turbidimetric assay (PETIA) with the previously validated nephelometric assay (PENIA). Animals Ninety cats were included: 49 CKD and 41 healthy cats. Methods Serum CysC and uCysC concentrations were prospectively evaluated in cats with CKD and healthy cats. Based on plasma exo-iohexol clearance test (PexICT), sCysC was evaluated to distinguish normal, borderline, and low GFR. Sensitivity and specificity to detect PexICT

O presente relatório documenta a Unidade Curricular de Estágio incluída no 2º ciclo do Mestrado em Exercício e Saúde pela Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, e refere-se à experiência vivida na entidade Organic Medical Fitness & SPA, localizada em Lisboa. Os objetivos deste estágio foram: a) aperfeiçoar e consolidar os conhecimentos adquiridos em várias áreas da saúde e do exercício; b) desenvolver e aplicar estratégias nos diversos grupos de intervenção e c) planear e desenvolver programas de exercício/atividade física e saúde pública. Este documento encontra-se dividido em quatro partes, sendo que na parte inicial é realizada uma descrição do estado do conhecimento e das boas práticas na área do exercício físico e das doenças crónicas, assim como uma caracterização global do estágio, dos respetivos objetivos e do processo de realização deste relatório. De seguida é feito um enquadramento da prática profissional onde está presente uma revisão da literatura mais exaustiva. A terceira parte do documento refere-se à prática profissional na própria entidade, como as atividades realizadas e as estratégias de formação que foram propostas, tendo em conta um sistema de avaliação e controlo desse trabalho desenvolvido.Na parte final do relatório é feita uma síntese geral do trabalho realizado durante o ano letivo. Ao longo deste documento pode-se perceber a importância que um fisiologista do exercício tem na vida, não só de todas as pessoas, mas principalmente nas que têm algumas limitações funcionais. Todo o conhecimento adquirido teve por base muitas pesquisas, posteriormente colocadas em prática. Além da exploração das diversas patologias, foram também desenvolvidas atividades que complementaram o trabalho já realizado na entidade, como a criação da folha de registo da pressão arterial, folhas de relatório de avaliação inicial e de reavaliação, o dossier dos exercícios e a newsletter referente ao Lisboa Pessoa Hotel. Assim sendo, o objetivo geral desta unidade curricular passa pelo aperfeiçoamento e consolidação de conhecimentos nas várias áreas da saúde e do exercício e os objetivos específicos relacionam-se com o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de estratégias nos diversos grupos, o planeamento e o desenvolvimento de programas de exercício físico. The present report documents the Internship Course included in the 2nd cycle of the Masters in Exercise and Health by the Faculty of Human Kinetics and refers to the experience lived in the entity Organic Medical Fitness & SPA, located in Lisbon. The objectives of this stage were: a) to improve and consolidate the knowledge acquired in several areas of health and exercise; b) develop and implement strategies in the various intervention groups and c) plan and develop programs of exercise/physical activity and public health. This document is divided into four sections. In the initial section, a clear description of the state of knowledge and good practices in physical exercise and chronic diseases is carried out as well as an overall characterization of the stage, the respective objectives and the process of making this report. Then a framework of professional practice is presented, where a more exhaustive literature review is presented. The third part of the document refers to the professional practice in the entity itself, such as the activities carried out and the training strategies that were proposed, considering a system of evaluation and control of this work developed. In the final part of the report a general summary of the work carried out during the school year are made. Throughout this document one can see the importance that a physiologist of the exercise has in life, not only of all people, but especially in those that have some functional limitations. All the knowledge acquired was based on many researches and later converted into practice. In addition to the exploration of the various pathologies, activities were also carried out that complemented the work already performed in the entity such as the creation of the blood pressure record sheet, initial and re-evaluation report sheets, the exercise dossier and the newsletter about the Lisboa Pessoa Hotel. Therefore, the general objective of this curricular unit is to improve and consolidate knowledge in the various areas of health and exercise, and the specific objectives are related to the development and implementation of strategies in the various groups, program planning and development of physical exercise.

Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immunity play a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been observed that, independent of the presence of aggregated proteins, neuroinflammation could be present in different neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been suggested that neuroinflammation could occur well ahead of amyloid deposition in AD. Recent genetic studies and other preclinical studies specifically point to a role of neuroinflammation and, in this review, we evaluate the evidence of neuroinflammation in the Alzheimer’s disease trajectory and the different imaging modalities by which we could monitor neuroinflammation in vivo in humans.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) diagnosis is essentially based on three elements: (1) typical chest pain that also represents the clinical counterpart of acute myocardial ischemia onset due to acute coronary occlusion and might be taken as time zero on which all successive delays should be calculated, (2) electrocardiogram (ECG) changes of the ST-T segment that are persistent (> 20 min) and evolve in time whereas they might soon present with a new pathological (> 40 ms duration) Q wave, and (3) critical abnormalities of high sensitivity cardiac troponin of either T or I types that should be higher than certain levels (> 5–14 pg/mL), which represent the respective and recommended upper reference limit. Although it should be important to have these limits measured in relation to the local population, and both gender and age ranges should be considered along with the specific essay used, short-term repetition of cardiac troponin assays may rule out the probability of acute coronary syndromes or confirm the presence of STEMI.

P>BackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven to be more sensitive and accurate than other imaging modalities for the detection of distant metastases in patients with melanoma. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma patients with no evidence of distant metastasis.ObjectivesTo assess the rate of distant metastases in patients with a positive SLN biopsy (SLNB).MethodsForty-six consecutive patients with a positive SLNB underwent PET or PET-computed tomography within 6 weeks of the SLNB procedure. The patients did not present any clinical sign of nodal involvement or of distant metastasis. PET findings were classified as positive, negative or nonconclusive.ResultsNo patient had a positive PET scan for distant metastasis. Six patients (13%) had a nonconclusive PET scan; none of them presented distant metastasis within 12 months. Forty patients (87%) had a negative PET scan; among them five (12%) presented with distant metastasis within 12 months.ConclusionsFluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography failed to detect distant metastases at initial staging in patients with a positive SLNB, even in patients who presented with distant metastases within 12 months after the FDG PET scan. These results could be explained by the low prevalence of macroscopic metastatic disease at this stage and by the important delay between the onset of the spread of microscopic metastatic disease and the identification by PET scan of macroscopic metastatic disease.

O currículo português de Educação Física prevê uma Avaliação Inicial que deve ocorrer nas primeiras semanas do ano letivo e constituir um processo essencial para que as escolas tenham um papel primordial na organização do ensino. O principal objetivo deste estudo era pesquisar práticas de professores no período previsto para a Avaliação Inicial e as suas possíveis relações com a organização e o desenvolvimento do ensino daquela disciplina. Para concretizar este objetivo realizou-se um estudo de natureza qualitativa e descritiva numa escola do ensino secundário do concelho de Lisboa em que participaram voluntariamente três professores de Educação Física. Os dados da pesquisa, que foram objeto de análise de conteúdo, foram obtidos através de documentos oficiais da escola, de entrevistas aos professores e aos alunos participantes, de observações de aulas e de reuniões de professores e de notas de campo. Dois dos principais resultados do estudo foram os seguintes: a) os professores centraram o seu trabalho de Avaliação Inicial na verificação do nível de desempenho dos alunos nas Áreas Matérias e Aptidão Física, utilizando um maior número de aulas na avaliação das Matérias que os alunos tinham escolhido; e b) as práticas de avaliação dos professores eram, no geral, de referência criterial, utilizando critérios para cada Nível de especificação das Matérias (e.g., andebol, ténis de mesa, ginástica de solo, basquetebol) e critérios específicos da bateria de testes do Fitnessgram. Estes e outros resultados permitiram concluir que o processo de Avaliação Inicial teve um papel relevante no desenvolvimento do currículo de Educação Física porque influenciou as práticas pedagógicas que ocorreram nas aulas; contribuiu para reorientar o ensino ajustando-o aos objetivos a atingir; e induziu a participação ativa dos alunos nas suas aprendizagens. The Portuguese curriculum of Physical Education provides an initial assessment that should occur during the first week of the school year and constitute an essential process to develop school-based curriculum. The main objective of this research was to understand practical Initial Assessment in Physical Education and its possible relationship with the organization and development of education. To this end we carried out a qualitative study of incidence essentially descriptive, involving three physical education teachers in secondary education. Data was collected through interviews with teachers and students, classroom observations, analysis of the normative documents and field notes. Assessment practices observed were similar to those normally used in formative assessment and were referred to the criteria of each level of specification of materials (eg, handball, table tennis, gym floor, basketball) and the specific criteria of the battery of tests Fitnessgram. Data analysis showed that, in general, participating teachers used the Initial Assessment to determine the level of student performance in so-called electives, to guide students in selecting these materials, learning to set goals to achieve by the end of school year, and to outline goals and strategies that guide the next steps of the teaching process. El currículo portugués de la asignatura Educación Física prevé una Evaluación Inicial que debe ocurrir en las primeras semanas del año lectivo y tiene que constituir un proceso esencial para que las escuelas tengan un papel fundamental en la organización de la enseñanza. El principal objetivo de este estudio ha sido investigar prácticas de profesores en el período previsto para la Evaluación Inicial y sus posibles relaciones con la organización y el desarrollo de la enseñanza de la mencionada asignatura. Para concretizar este objetivo se realizó un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa y descriptiva en una escuela de enseñanza secundaria del municipio de Lisboa en el que participaron voluntariamente tres profesores de Educación Física. Los datos de la investigación, objeto de análisis de contenido, se obtuvieron a través de documentos oficiales de la escuela, entrevistas con los profesores y alumnos participantes, también se hicieron observaciones de clases y reuniones de profesores y notas de campo. Dos de los principales resultados fueron los siguientes: a) los profesores centraron su trabajo de Evaluación Inicial en la verificación del nivel de desempeño de los alumnos en las Áreas Materias y Aptitud Física, para lo cual se utilizó un mayor número de clases en la evaluación de las Materias o asignaturas que los alumnos habían elegido; y b) las prácticas de evaluación de los profesores eran, en general, de referencia criterial, es decir, se usaron criterios para cada Nivel de especificación de las Materias (e.g., balonmano, tenis de mesa, gimnasia de suelo, básquetbol) y criterios específicos de la serie de tests del Fitnessgram. Éstos y otros resultados permiten concluir que el proceso de Evaluación Inicial tuvo un papel importante en el desarrollo del currículo de Educación Física porque influyó en las prácticas pedagógicas que ocurrieron en las clases; contribuyó para reorientar la enseñanza ajustándola a los objetivos que se querían alcanzar; y, finalmente, indujo la participación activa de los alumnos en sus aprendizajes.

The purpose of this paper is to propose and validation a program for development of methodological competences in beginning teachers. In order to undertake the research there were established next objectives: elaborating, validating and pre-testing the instruments for experimental model; the final evaluation of methodological competences; establishing the formative activities for competences development and the final evaluation of methodological competences. In our research there are utilized the psycho-pedagogical experiment and statistical methods. The statistical data of experimental research indicate significant differences between the results obtained by beginning teachers at the evaluation tests of final stage, compared with those obtained in the initial stage. The research results contribute to highlighting the role of the training strategies on the development of methodological competences in beginning teachers.* * This work was supported by CNCSIS –UEFISCSU, project number 834/ 2009 PNII – IDEI code 496/ 2008 “MODECOMP – Operational model of the development of professional competences in beginning teachers”.

Метою статті є обґрунтування теоретичних і методологічних засад та прикладних аспектів організації обліку поточних біологічних активів у сільськогосподарських підприємствах. Обґрунтування і розкриття обліково-аналітичної сутності поточних біологічних активів здійснено методами індукції і дедукції, аналізу та синтезу. Використання системного методу дозволило визначити основні класифікаційні ознаки і здійснити загальну обліково-економічну класифікацію біологічних активів. Проведене дослідження дало змогу виявити перспективні механізми, спрямовані на підвищення достовірності, оперативності та аналітичності обліку поточних біологічних активів для організації ефективного документообігу в частині документального оформлення операцій з біологічними активами тваринництва та підтвердження їхньої справедливої вартості і запровадження в практику в сільськогосподарських підприємствах. Практична цінність роботи полягає в поданні конкретних рекомендацій та пропозицій щодо покращення організації обліку і контролю поточних біологічних активів у сільськогосподарських підприємствах., Целью статьи является обоснование теоретических и методологических основ и прикладных аспектов организации учета текущих биологических активов в сельскохозяйственных предприятиях. Обоснование и раскрытие учетно-аналитической сущности текущих биологических активов осуществлено методами индукции и дедукции, анализа и синтеза. Использование системного метода позволило определить основные классификационные признаки и осуществить общую учетно-экономическую классификацию биологических активов. Проведенное исследование позволило выявить перспективные механизмы направлены на повышение достоверности, оперативности и аналитичности учета текущих биологических активов для организации эффективного документооборота в части документального оформления операций с биологическими активами животноводства и подтверждения их справедливой стоимости и внедрение в практику в сельскохозяйственных предприятиях. Практическая ценность работы заключается в представлении конкретных рекомендаций и предложений по улучшению организации учета и контроля текущих биологических активов в сельскохозяйственных предприятиях., Purpose. The purpose of the article is theoretical and methodological principles and applied aspects of current biological assets accounting in agricultural enterprises.Methods of study. Justification and disclosure of accounting and analytical nature of current biological assets by methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.Results. Using a systematic method allowed to identify the main classification criteria and implement a common accounting and economic classification of biological assets.Scientific novelty of the research results. The study made it possible to identify promising mechanisms aimed at improving the reliability, efficiency and analyticity current biological assets accounting for an efficient workflow in terms of documenting the operations of biological assets and livestock confirmation of their fair value and the introduction of the practice of agricultural enterprises.The practical significance of the study. The practical value of the work lies in presenting specific recommendations and suggestions for improving the organization of accounting and control current biological assets at agricultural enterprises.

O câncer de tireóide é responsável por cerca de 1% dos novos casos de doença maligna diagnosticados. A maioria destes tumores são carcinomas papilares e foliculares, também denominados de carcinomas diferenciados de tireóide (CDT). Estes carcinomas têm uma taxa de cura de aproximadamente 80%, enquanto 20% apresentarão recorrência local e 5 a 10% desenvolverão metástases à distância. Porém, alguns pacientes apresentam uma doença mais agressiva. A identificação de tais pacientes tem grande impacto no manejo clínico do CDT. Várias classificações de estádio clínico e fatores prognósticos são apresentados, bem como os principais exames para seguimento dos pacientes com CDT. Thyroid carcinoma accounts for roughly 1% of all new malignant diseases. Of these, at least 94% are differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), either papillary thyroid carcinoma or follicular thyroid carcinoma. Patients with DTC are usually considered as having a good prognosis, 80% of patients are cured, 20% will develop loco-regional recurrence and 5- 10% distant metastasis. However, the disease may have an aggressive course in some patients. The identification of these patients has a major impact in the clinical management of DTC. Several prognostic factors and classification will be addressed, as well the most useful tests for patient’s follow-up.

У статті розкрито питання стосовно організації обліку нематеріальних активів за національними та міжнародними стандартами: розглянуто їх визначення, законодавчо-нормативна база, що регулює їх облік, класифікація, первісна оцінка, зроблені висновки щодо відповідності українського законодавства міжнародному. Метою статті є визначення сутності нематеріальних активів для організації бухгалтерського обліку відповідно до нормативних документів з обліку. In the article the questions concerning the organization of accounting of intangible assets in accordance with national and international standards: reviewed their definitions, legislation and regulations governing their registration, classification, initial assessment, conclusions regarding the compliance of the Ukrainian legislation with international. The purpose of this article is to define the essence of intangible assets for the accounting organization under regulations to be followed. The research material. Accounting is a system that is one of the main suppliers of information for making management decisions. In Ukraine, the entities use intangible assets in the financial-economic activity, but not as active as in the developed world.

Mental Illness is a public problem in western societies. Recent reports say that the most frequent conditions of psychiatric hospitalization are related to elderly, over 65 years old, diagnosed with dementia, other organic disorders and depression. And we are seeing increasingly in episodes of urgency, consumption of psychoactive drugs, which can foster the emergence of other comorbidities. The aim of this study was to characterize from a socio-demographic, clinical and functional point of view, older people who staged an emergency episode in a psychiatric hospital. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 99 elderly people involved in a psychiatric emergency episode in the biennium 2013/2014 and data were collected from the initial evaluation form (IE). Results: People with dementia have more associated diseases than others with other mental Illnesses. Some are at higher risk for potential episodes of falls and loss of functionality and associated factors. Conclusion. More cognitive and functional impairment, evidenced in the functional dependency cycle. The quality of care in later age, requires a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach. Initial assessment must be complete and holistic in order to give the best care. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa realizada entre os anos de 2005 a 2007, cujo objetivo principal foi analisar como é feita a Avaliação Inicial do aluno com indícios de Deficiência Mental e que se encontra freqüentando a Escola Regular, na perspectiva inclusiva, e de que forma essa avaliação pode contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem desse aluno. Tal pesquisa apresenta como aporte teórico o referencial sócio-histórico, mais especificamente as contribuições de Lev Seminovich Vygotsky, que defendia a realização de uma avaliação contextualizada da criança e levando em conta o contexto social onde ela está inserida, as relações desse contexto com a sua conduta e as relações da própria criança com o seu todo. A abordagem escolhida foi de natureza qualitativa, tendo como espaço a Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Como instrumentos metodológicos, foram utilizados: entrevistas semi-estruturadas com professores especialistas que atuam em Salas de Integração e Recursos - SIR da referida rede, visto terem sido identificados como os profissionais que atualmente realizam a avaliação inicial; análise de documentos relativos à avaliação dos alunos encaminhados a essas salas e o diário de campo de toda a trajetória de pesquisa. Buscou-se compreender quais concepções os sujeitos possuem com relação à Avaliação Inicial e qual a sua importância para o processo de aprendizagem do aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais, mais especificamente, com deficiência mental; como tais sujeitos percebem o espaço de apoio no qual atuam - a SIR e de que forma contribuem com a inclusão desse aluno no ensino comum; que sentimentos vivenciam no desenvolvimento de seu trabalho; e, por fim, qual a análise que fazem do movimento inclusivo e como percebem os alunos que atendem e a si mesmos dentro desse movimento. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa possibilitou uma visão de caminho percorrido pela avaliação inicial, que deixa de seguir um modelo clínico para privilegiar um enfoque mais educacional, sendo realizada por educadores especialistas e dentro do próprio ambiente escolar. Embora tenha sido observada certa ausência de sistematização dos procedimentos avaliativos, como também uma relativa variedade quanto aos referenciais teóricos que servem como base para a sua prática, ficou evidenciado que essa avaliação inicial apresenta características de um processo contínuo, que possui estreitas ligações com a avaliação do próprio processo de aprendizagem do aluno. Assim, a maneira como é realizada indica avanços em seu percurso na direção de novos olhares, novas práticas e novos modos de viver em relação. The present work presents a research carried through between the years of 2005 and 2007, whose main objective was to analyze how is made the Initial Evaluation of the pupil with indications of Mental Deficiency that is frequenting the Regular School, in the inclusive perspective, and in which forms this evaluation can contribute for the process of learning of this pupil. Such research presents as theoretical support the social-historical referential, more specifically the contributions of Lev Seminovich Vygotsky, that defended the accomplishment of a contextualized evaluation of the child and taking in account the social context where the child is inserted, the relations of this context with the child’s behavior and the relations of the proper child with everything. The chosen approach was of qualitative nature, having as space the Municipal Network of Education of Porto Alegre. As methodological instruments, it has been used: half-structuralized interviews with professors specialists that work in Rooms of Integration and Resources - SIR of the related network, since they have been identified as the professionals who currently carry through the initial evaluation; analysis of documents regarding the evaluation of the pupils directed to these rooms and the field log of all the trajectory of research. It was searched to understand which conceptions the subjects possess regarding the Initial Evaluation and its importance for the process of learning of the pupil with special educational necessities, more specifically, with mental deficiency; as such subjects perceive the space of support in which they act - the SIR and in which ways they contribute with the inclusion of this pupil in common education; which feelings they live deeply in the development of their work; and, finally, what analysis they make of the inclusive movement and how they perceive the pupils they take care of and themselves inside of this movement. The development of the research made possible a vision of the way covered to the initial evaluation, that stops to follow a clinical model to privilege a more educational approach, being carried through by educators specialists and inside of the proper school environment. Although it has been observed a certain absence of systematization of the evaluative procedures, as also a relative variety regarding the theoretical references that serve as basis for its practice, it was evidenced that this initial evaluation presents characteristics of a continuous process, that possess narrow links with the evaluation of the proper process of learning of the pupil. Thus, the manner it is carried through indicates advances in its way in the direction of new looks, new practices and new ways of living in relation.

Este estudio presenta resultados de una evaluación inicial previa al desarrollo de un programa europeo de formación en un entorno virtual, y se contrastan con los alcanzados durante su ejecución y al finalizar dicho programa. El objetivo es mostrar la importancia de la evaluación inicial para responder a la diversidad de los participantes y a sus distintas necesidades formativas y su repercusión en la calidad de los procesos de formación. La recogida de información para la evaluación inicial se realizó sobre 26 participantes con un cuestionario que permitió evaluar, entre otras cosas, su motivación, y expectativas sobre el curso, experiencia en el aprendizaje a través de la red, habilidades en el uso de las herramientas informáticas de comunicación y disponibilidad de tiempo y lugares para el desarrollo de las actividades de aprendizaje. Durante el proceso de desarrollo del programa y tras su finalización se analizaron cualitativamente los contenidos de los mensajes depositados en el entorno virtual. Este análisis permitió valorar el grado en que se había tenido en cuenta la información de la evaluación inicial y su efecto en la calidad y resultados alcanzados por el programa. En este artículo se muestran sólo algunos de los resultados obtenidos The study compares the results obtained on an initial evaluation prior to the development of an European on-line course and the ones gathered while developing the course and at its conclusion. The objective is to highlight the value of the initial evaluation to guarantee quality in e-learning courses, which suggest the need to continually adjust the components of the learning programme to the diversity of the participants. Data for the initial evaluation has been gathered through a questionnaire applied to 26 learners; among the issues analysed are motivation, and expectations regarding the course, previous experience in e-learning courses; abilities in using communication technology, and time available to be engaged in e-learning experiences. Throughout the performance of the course and after its conclusion, qualitative content analysis of the messages written by the participants was performed. The results obtained allowed to highlight the value of the initial evaluation to explain the quality of the course and its effects on the participants. In this paper only some of the results obtained are shown

P>Background Positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven to be more sensitive and accurate than other imaging modalities for the detection of distant metastases in patients with melanoma. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma patients with no evidence of distant metastasis. Objectives To assess the rate of distant metastases in patients with a positive SLN biopsy (SLNB). Methods Forty-six consecutive patients with a positive SLNB underwent PET or PET-computed tomography within 6 weeks of the SLNB procedure. The patients did not present any clinical sign of nodal involvement or of distant metastasis. PET findings were classified as positive, negative or nonconclusive. Results No patient had a positive PET scan for distant metastasis. Six patients (13%) had a nonconclusive PET scan; none of them presented distant metastasis within 12 months. Forty patients (87%) had a negative PET scan; among them five (12%) presented with distant metastasis within 12 months. Conclusions Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography failed to detect distant metastases at initial staging in patients with a positive SLNB, even in patients who presented with distant metastases within 12 months after the FDG PET scan. These results could be explained by the low prevalence of macroscopic metastatic disease at this stage and by the important delay between the onset of the spread of microscopic metastatic disease and the identification by PET scan of macroscopic metastatic disease.

Background Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive brain neoplasm that accounts for roughly 2-6% of primary brain tumors. In contrast, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and severe glioma subtype, accounting for approximately 50% of diffuse gliomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphological MRI characteristics in histologically-proven PCNSL and GBM at the time of their initial presentation. Methods We retrospectively evaluated standard diagnostic MRI examinations in 54 immunocompetent patients (26 female, 28 male; age 62.6 ± 11.5 years) with histologically-proven PCNSL and 54 GBM subjects (21 female, 33 male; age 59 ± 14 years). Results Several significant differences between both infiltrative brain tumors were found. PCNSL lesions enhanced homogenously in 64.8% of cases, while nonhomogeneous enhancement was observed in 98.1% of GBM cases. Necrosis was present in 88.9% of GBM lesions and only 5.6% of PCNSL lesions. PCNSL presented as multiple lesions in 51.9% cases and in 35.2% of GBM cases; however, diffuse infiltrative type of brain involvement was observed only in PCNSL (24.1%). Optic pathways were infiltrated more commonly in PCNSL than in GBM (42.6% vs. 5.6%, respectively, p

P>Background Positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven to be more sensitive and accurate than other imaging modalities for the detection of distant metastases in patients with melanoma. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma patients with no evidence of distant metastasis. Objectives To assess the rate of distant metastases in patients with a positive SLN biopsy (SLNB). Methods Forty-six consecutive patients with a positive SLNB underwent PET or PET-computed tomography within 6 weeks of the SLNB procedure. The patients did not present any clinical sign of nodal involvement or of distant metastasis. PET findings were classified as positive, negative or nonconclusive. Results No patient had a positive PET scan for distant metastasis. Six patients (13%) had a nonconclusive PET scan; none of them presented distant metastasis within 12 months. Forty patients (87%) had a negative PET scan; among them five (12%) presented with distant metastasis within 12 months. Conclusions Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography failed to detect distant metastases at initial staging in patients with a positive SLNB, even in patients who presented with distant metastases within 12 months after the FDG PET scan. These results could be explained by the low prevalence of macroscopic metastatic disease at this stage and by the important delay between the onset of the spread of microscopic metastatic disease and the identification by PET scan of macroscopic metastatic disease.