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Objective. To characterize the migratory flow of Mexican men affiliated to Seguro Popular (SP) seeking medical care for prostate cancer (PC). Materials and methods. The administrative base for the treatment of incident CP (5 526 men) funded by the SP (2012-2016) was used. Oncological risk at diagnosis (low, intermediate, high) was estimated based on prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, and clinical stage. Spatial network analysis and centrality measures were used to identify the health migratory flow. Results. 1 369 men sought treatment outside their state of residence, all of them with a diagnosis of PC (25%), mainly <65 years of age, highrisk PC, and residents of highly marginalized municipalities. Throughout the study period, Mexico City (closeness-in= 0.34) received the largest number of patients (importancein= 1 082) from 26 different states (degree-in= 26). This flow was more evident in patients with a high-risk PC, mainly towards hospitals with a high degree of specialization in cancer. Conclusions. A centralized migration (with two potential migration patterns) in search of treatment for PC was observed, mainly in men with high-risk PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem, research strategy, and findings: The housing affordability crisis is exacerbating displacement and exclusion in built-up urban neighborhoods. Although new housing development might help, it faces local opposition. Researchers have struggled to inform this debate because of data challenges, so we constructed a unique database on construction and household-level mobility to determine how development affects displacement and exclusion in the subsequent 5 years in Los Angeles (a typical coastal "hot market" in California) and San Francisco (the extreme "superstar city" case in California). We found that developing new market-rate housing generally helped slightly to alleviate both displacement and exclusion pressures for low-income households in Los Angeles and helped increase in-migration into weaker market neighborhoods in San Francisco. But particularly in the hottest markets, the new market-rate units could fail to spur low- and moderate-income households' in-migration and exacerbate their out-migration. Likewise, the positive impacts of the new market-rate units may fade over time. Subsidized housing generally mitigated both exclusion and displacement slightly in most markets. Future research should examine long-term effects in a variety of contexts, controlling for the role of housing policies such as rent stabilization. Takeaway for practice: Market-rate housing development may help alleviate rent pressures locally and regionally, but it is not sufficient to address displacement and exclusion at the neighborhood level. Because new production helps to mitigate displacement and exclusion in some contexts but exacerbates it in others, planners need to understand the market and neighborhood context for development. In addition to supporting more market-rate and subsidized housing development through zoning and fiscal tools, planners should implement complementary policies such as housing preservation and tenant protections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right-wing attitudes are increasing in most countries. Within the countries, there is a large variation in popularity. At the same time, regions are competing against each other to attract workers. This article examines the influence of right-wing attitudes at the regional level, measured by the electoral success of right-wing parties, on labour migration at the German district level. Using an empirical strategy that combines a treatment setup with entropy balancing, we find that right-wing attitudes in a district region significantly reduce in-migration to these regions. Across different groups, we find the strongest effects for young and high-skilled individuals. With respect to out-migration, right-wing attitudes do not encourage Germans to move away but encourage them to stay. For non-Germans, the effects are reversed; they tend to leave regions with high levels of right-wing attitudes, but with the exception of highly qualified individuals, they are also more likely to move to these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most important pillars of action to achieve the elimination of trachoma and soil-transmitted helminth infections as a public health problem is the mass administration, at regular intervals, of azithromycin and anthielmintics, respectively, to a high proportion of the eligible population in endemic areas. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify access barriers and facilitators for achieving coverage goals in the mass drugs administration, azithromycin and albendazole, in the department of Amazonas, Colombia. Methodology: Implementation research was used, combining three types of qualitative research methodologies to collect information about access barriers and facilitators already described; These were individual and group interviews, focus group discussions and face-to-face intercultural dialogues. We design, validate and apply different instruments with questions adapted to the context and role of the participants, and recorded and transcribed the sessions and analyzed them in qualitative analysis software. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to complement the above instrument questions, to guide data analysis, and apply the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: Records of 159 participants were included; 21 individual and 3 group interviews, 6 focus group discussions and 4 intercultural dialogues were carried out. 21 strong, 30 weak, 6 neutral barriers as well as 5 weak and 11 strong facilitators were identified. 62% of the strong barriers and 40% of the weak ones were concentrated in the "Outer Setting Domain". Only 16 facilitators were identified, 44% in the "Innovation" domain. Conclusions: Multiple political, administrative, geographical, logistical and cultural access barriers, as well as external and internal migration of the population, explain low coverage in mass administration of azithromycin and albendazole. It is necessary to review them individually to implement an improvement plan that also recognizes the identified facilitators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of migration moves globally are internal within national borders. This makes internal migration intensities an important component for understanding the dynamics of population change according to size, composition and across geographies. While incorporating migration into demography's quantitative framework allows a description of population change across both time and space, and mathematical and conceptual frameworks for migration have been developed, researchers lack a public repository of historical age-origin-destination-specific migration probabilities that is in a common format and spans a range of countries. Addressing this requires a robust method for inferring migration probabilities from census and survey data when there are significant levels of uncertainty from small-sample noise and age aggregation. In this paper we extend the P-TOPALS and P-spline methods for smoothing migration probabilities to apply to grouped data by ages to develop a methods protocol for a harmonised, homogeneous format and multi-nation Human Internal Migration Database. We find our method out-performs a hybrid spline-parametric method in terms of both accuracy and plausibility. We illustrate the method by estimating complete age-origin-destination migration probabilities for more than 50 countries using microdata samples from IPUMS International. This work advances the stock of migration data from which demographers and others can draw from in the analysis and projection of population change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the interdependencies between internal migration and national population decline in Japan, this paper begins by analysing the impacts of internal migration on national fertility decline, for example, through the early post‐World War II flows from high‐fertility countrysides to low‐fertility cities. It then focuses on the way in which, in the context of national population decline, internal migration exacerbates the problems facing Japan's rural areas by adding population loss and, in particular, the loss of young adult populations, to the mounting problems of public and private‐sector disinvestment, job losses, ageing (both social and physical) and the abandonment of land use and built form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing spatial patterns of migration are closely related to the transformation of economy and society. Most current studies focus either on international migration or on the migration of particular urban regions. Our study evaluates migration trends in the entire national regional system, and thus it contributes to its comprehensive understanding. The study aims to evaluate the relationship of internal migration from economically lagging eastern to more developed western regions of Slovakia on the one hand, and migration between categories of regions according to the hierarchical position of their urban core on the other hand. The study follows the differential urbanization concept and analyses detailed data on individual migrations in Slovakia in 1996–2020. It thus covers the period from the post-socialist transformation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show the increasing intensity of east-west and up the urban hierarchy migration. Due to the significant polarization of migration between the eastern and western regional subsystems, we examined separately in both subsystems the migration excluding flows between the subsystems. The results revealed a concentration of population into metropolitan regions in both subsystems, although the intensity of the processes was lower and the onset of trends delayed in the eastern subsystem. A significant feature of development in the post-socialist period was intensive exurbanation in both subsystems. The study thus points to the importance of subnational and regional approaches to migration research, and reveals trends that can contribute to the explanation of migration development even in countries where such detailed migration statistics are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is widely regarded as a principal form of activity available to many of the world's poor to improve their household's standard of living. This paper investigates whether and in what ways internal migrants benefit from moving within Ghana's North-South migration context. This research uses an innovative multidimensional wellbeing framework to assess the effects of migration on migrants' wellbeing based on six domains: living standards, health, education, community vitality, environmental resilience, and governance. The wellbeing survey of 251 northern Ghanaian migrants working in the informal economic sector within the Sunyani municipality discovered that although most migrants reported improved living standards, a majority could not attain overall wellbeing due to low health and education wellbeing scores. Exploring the relationship between income and wellbeing across domains, the study found a weak positive association, and the complex interplay of factors beyond income was evident. This study challenges the conventional perspective that equates income with the attainment of wellbeing and argues that a multidimensional wellbeing framework permits a more nuanced understanding of the impacts of migration. It highlights the need for the government to actively monitor and address the wellbeing of internal migrants within the Ghanaian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the complex relationship between migration and different dimensions of well-being is still limited. This article applies the framework of psychosocial well-being to analyze the impact of migration on families-of-origin in Chile, using qualitative data collected in four municipalities experiencing high levels of net emigration. We consider four dimensions of psychosocial well-being: material, emotional, psychological and social. Findings show that migration generates large material and emotional costs for families-of-origin while providing no obvious material benefits at least in the short-term. For parents, being able to support their children's migration, as a way to provide them with better opportunities in a context where local options are limited, appears to contribute to their life purpose, sense of mastery and agency, all important aspects of psychological well-being. Our findings reinforce the importance of analyzing the impact of migration using a multidimensional and holistic perspective, because it affects different aspects of well-being in different ways, reflecting the complex interconnections between individual and social experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent climate disasters serve as a reminder of the growing—yet overlooked—risk of climate-driven displacement in the Global North. This paper contributes to a nascent literature on disaster-induced mobility in high-income countries by extending the evidence to a new context: Australia. Applying propensity score matching to panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we conduct the first causal assessment of the impact of home damage caused by extreme weather events on residential mobility in Australia. Our findings suggest that from 2009 to 2022, an annual average of 1.6% of Australians aged 15 + (or ~ 308,000 people a year) experienced home damage caused by floods, cyclones or bushfires. Such damage increases the probability of changing address within 1 year by 56%, displacing an annual average of 22,261 Australians. Cumulatively, this amounts to ~ 312,000 people displaced by climate-induced home damage between 2009 and 2022. Importantly, this type of climate-induced mobility is not evenly spread across the population. Contrary to findings from the Global South, we find no evidence of “entrapment effects”, except for uninsured homeowners. Instead, our results indicate that over 80% of climate-displaced Australians come from the bottom two income quartiles, with the poorest 3% accounting for 14% of the displaced population. The most disadvantaged Australians thus face a double vulnerability: they are both more likely to sustain home damage from extreme weather events and more likely to be displaced. These findings bear important implications for adaptation strategies and policy responses to natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the contributions made to Arctic knowledge by Kallihirua, a member of the Inughuit community of Northern Greenland who was abducted by the crew of the Assistance during the 1850–51 expedition in search of the missing ships Erebus and Terror. Unpacking this important moment of cultural encounter, the article explores the ways in which Kallihirua's presence on board the ship became embroiled in wider scholarly debates pertaining to the 'origins of the Inuit' and to the historical migrations of human beings around the world. Furthermore, it studies the ways in which this 'indigenous intermediary' became an important influence on the emergent scholarly disciplines of anthropology and geography which were undergoing a process of institutionalization and professionalization during this period. The article therefore contributes new insights into the fundamental, yet overlooked, roles that Arctic indigenous peoples have historically played in shaping non-indigenous knowledge about the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive internal migration in China has greatly disadvantaged children who are left behind. This study unravels the mechanism underlying the association between parental migration and children's mental health through the lenses of social networks and gender. Using data collected in Sichuan, one of the provinces with the largest number of left-behind children in China, this study finds that maternal and paternal migration differ in their associations with left-behind children's depressive symptoms. While paternal migration is not associated with children's mental health, maternal migration is found to be significantly correlated with children's depressive symptoms. Moreover, the negative association is also detected in children with mothers who returned from migration destinations. However, such an association does not vary between sons and daughters. We also find that the negative association between maternal migration and left-behind children's mental health is partly explained by children's delinquent social ties. Children who have experienced or are experiencing maternal migration are more likely to make friends who exhibit delinquent behavior. Such friendships are further associated with left-behind children's vulnerability to depressive symptoms. This demonstration of the intersectionality of social networks and gender contributes to the literature on family, migration, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia's economy has made significant strides forward since the beginning of the 21st century. However, along with this, there is a high rate of urbanization, and internal migration, which lead to an increase in the number of vehicle owners in Addis Ababa city, causing traffic congestion problems. This is adversely impacting the socioeconomic and well-being of the residents. Therefore, this study attempted to identify the perception of drivers and passengers on the socio-economic impact (SEI) of traffic congestion in Addis Ababa city by taking the study corridors in the Kolfe keraniyo sub-city. Nine segments were sampled. Data collection included questionnaires distributed among 3240 respondents. A generalized ordered logit model was used. Accordingly, age, income, household size, gender, education, and respondent type (driver or passenger) were significant variables. The descriptive statistical results also indicated that the first, second, and third significant SEI perceived by the respondents were late arrival to the office, extra time added to the car or bus journey, and the increased risk of being in an accident. The outcomes of this study, including the responses to the research inquiries and the acquisition of extensive scientific knowledge, will contribute to the formulation of comprehensive mitigation strategies and management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, immigration has become a major policy concern in the UK, largely driven by EU enlargement, the Great Recession, and the UK's exit from the EU. With the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence indicates that the UK faces labour shortages due to the withdrawal of EU workers. This paper is aimed at assessing the effect of immigration on the wages of native UK workers in the decade after the Great Recession and before the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. It provides new evidence on the wage impact of immigration in the UK from 2009 to 2020. On balance, the evidence suggests that fears about adverse consequences of rising UK immigration have been unfounded, with immigration into the UK having a positive effect on native wages after the Great Recession. This positive effect remains when internal migration adjustments are incorporated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What post-migration practices of success at the labor market do migrants employ on their way to attaining senior professional positions? This paper offers new insights to the study of migration by focusing on success and masculinity among Ethiopian men, a marginalized group in the Israeli labor market. Using findings from 27 semi-structured interviews and six semi-structured interviews with experts or professionals, we investigate the relationships between career success, gender, and migration through a transnational perspective. Migrant success continues to be assessed and viewed primarily through the lenses of the nation-state and integration, in comparison to the native population in general and in the labor market in particular. This paper analyzes the post-migration practices of success described by migrant men who have achieved senior positions in the public sector, with the aim of illuminating the mechanisms and circumstances, as they understand them, that contribute to achieving success. The findings challenge the concept of integration in the context of migrant men's success which defines success as fitting in and mediocrity rather than excellence both on the personal and societal level. Although limited to Ethiopian men who have achieved labor market success, this study provides an opportunity to demonstrate the value of examining migrant men's success from the perspective of cultural capital and views migration masculinity as a dynamic concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community resilience contributes to coping with the trauma of war and the difficulties associated with forced migration, promoting refugees' well-being, and integration into the host context. After the Russian-Ukrainian conflict began, approximately 180 thousand Ukrainian refugees, most of whom were women and children, arrived in Italy. This study aimed to explore the community resilience factors perceived by Ukrainian refugees in the Italian host context since the outbreak of war. The data for this study were gathered through 20 semistructured interviews that were conducted between February and December 2022 in Italy with Ukrainian women refugees and were analyzed using a grounded methodology. The themes that emerged were the definitions of community, faith and spirituality, communication and information, leadership, and social support as community resilience factors perceived by refugees. Practical implications for the host context promoting integration and well-being utilizing an ecological and multilevel perspective are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A short-term issue that has been occasionally investigated in the current literature is if (and, eventually, how) population dynamics (directly or indirectly) driven by COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to enlarge regional divides in specific demographic processes and dimensions. To verify this assumption, our study run an exploratory multivariate analysis of ten indicators representative of different demographic phenomena (fertility, mortality, nuptiality, internal and international migration) and the related population outcomes (natural balance, migration balance, total growth). We developed a descriptive analysis of the statistical distribution of the ten demographic indicators using eight metrics that assess formation (and consolidation) of spatial divides, controlling for shifts over time in both central tendency, dispersion, and distributional shape regimes. All indicators were made available over 20 years (2002–2021) at a relatively detailed spatial scale (107 NUTS-3 provinces) in Italy. COVID-19 pandemic exerted an impact on Italian population because of intrinsic (e.g. a particularly older population age structure compared with other advanced economies) and extrinsic (e.g. the early start of the pandemic spread compared with the neighboring European countries) factors. For such reasons, Italy may represent a sort of 'worst' demographic scenario for other countries affected by COVID-19 and the results of this empirical study can be informative when delineating policy measures (with both economic and social impact) able to mitigate the effect of pandemics on demographic balance and improve the adaptation capacity of local societies to future pandemic's crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration curve hypothesis, a well-established concept in migration studies, posits that emigration rates initially rise with economic development but subsequently decline upon reaching a certain level of development. This hypothesis has been widely examined in international contexts, with many studies affirming its validity. This study aims to investigate whether the migration curve hypothesis is valid in internal migration contexts. It also aims to elucidate the effect of development on migration. Using data obtained from household surveys collected in Colombia between 2012 and 2019 and auxiliary variables from multiple sources, we extend the gravity models to control for spatial and nonspatial endogeneity to test the migration curve. The evidence from Colombia reveals a relationship between development and migration contrary to the international evidence. Some evidence of an inverted U-shaped curve is found when the sample when focusing on migration from rural areas. These results suggest that questioning the empirical studies used to test the migration curve hypothesis is still relevant. The results also suggest that disentangling the bidirectional effect between the relevant variables is crucial for deriving conclusions for policy analysis from this curve. It is also pivotal to test whether such a relationship changes over time and between areas. The findings also indicate a significant shift in migration patterns within Colombia, revealing a decreasing prominence of Bogotá as a primary migration destination over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterurban migration is known to be driven by lifestyle motivations, in which employment considerations are more of an enabling factor than a driver. In this paper, the self-reported motives, along with labour-market and lifestyle outcomes, of counterurban migration are investigated. The focus is on trade-offs between work-related and lifestyle-related amenities for different subgroups based on recent survey data in Sweden collected from families with children in 2018–2019 who left metropolitan regions. The key results indicate that, overall, counterurban movers are satisfied with their decision and the majority cite the importance of lifestyle amenities over work-related amenities. Our conclusion is that, besides voluntary trade-offs, counterurban migration does not necessarily pose a trade-off between labour-market and lifestyle-related amenities since, to a large extent, individuals reported better outcomes in both areas. This study makes two contributions. Firstly, the data considers self-reported outcomes, including labour-market outcomes beyond income and lifestyle outcomes. Secondly, we explore individual characteristics of counterurban migrants in relation to post-migration outcomes in different destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonmetropolitan U.S. counties have historically lagged metropolitan areas in population and employment growth. Population projections indicate that they will face a shrinking workforce in the future, although, immigration and domestic migration by young adults could help offset this trend. The number of young adults (ages 25 to 44) is projected to increase in the next several decades and thus will be a growing proportion of the workforce. However, whether they will be attracted to rural areas such as micropolitan counties and how these counties can attract them has not received much attention in the community development literature. This article uses OLS regression to examine the determinants of the net migration rate for the 25–44 age group in micropolitan counties between 2000 and 2010, adjusting for geographic, economic, and county-level demographic factors.. The discussion then examines approaches that micropolitan areas can use to attract this age cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the technical elements supporting the blockchain to realize decentralized autonomous organizations, smart contracts are crucial for understanding the inherent properties of blockchain systems through formal research. Most existing formal models of smart contracts focus primarily on static properties, lacking the depiction of dynamic processes such as conditional responses and internal state migration during contract execution, which complicates effective supervision. In this paper, a novel formal model of smart contracts, based on finite state automata, named Variable-State-Trigger (VST), is proposed, which presents state migration and conditional response mechanisms during smart contract execution. The VST model is verified to portray both the static and dynamic properties of smart contracts, providing new avenues for effective supervision during contract execution. Moreover, the VST model is used to illustrate the life cycle of a UAV mission smart contract, demonstrating its feasibility. With the growing integration of blockchain and emerging technologies, smart contracts have found applications in various fields, including drone swarm coordination. In this context, smart contracts enable secure, decentralized management and automation of interactions between autonomous drones, ensuring compliance with predefined conditions and enhancing the reliability of complex drone operations. The VST model can be extended to such applications, offering dynamic supervision and enhancing the coordination efficiency in decentralized autonomous drone systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European cities and regions are facing depopulation and an ageing population, leading to a shift in the demand and supply of goods and giving rise to the silver economy. This demographic change has an impact on urban and regional planning, which is influenced by both internal and external migration. Based on the hypothesis that the attractiveness of locations also depends on the age of the inhabitants, the paper investigates the gravitational effects on the intensity of migration flows by age cohorts. This study examines how factors that influence the retention or attraction of people towards specific areas affect migration between age groups at different hierarchical spatial levels, using the gravity model implemented at the Slovenian spatial levels NUTS 2 and NUTS 3. Distance is least important for the 65-74 age group, while wages influence only the youngest cohorts. The capacity of care homes has a significant influence on the attractiveness of older cohorts to move between NUTS 2 regions. There is a high correlation between the factors at the municipal and NUTS 3 levels for the population aged 75+. The factors at NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 levels show a strong correlation for those under 65. These results can form a basis for the development of the silver economy as they show the need for adapted infrastructures and services for older adults. As the age structure is changing, authorities should adapt infrastructures and services to the different levels of central places/regions. The growing number of older people makes research into optimal solutions for long-term care a crucial factor for the silver economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue of Business Systems Research (SI of the BSR) is being co-published by the Slovenian Society INFORMATIKA – Section for Operational Research (SSI -SOR). It focuses on recent advances in Operations Research and Management Science (OR / MS), with a particular emphasis on linking OR / MS with other areas of quantitative and qualitative methods in the context of a multidisciplinary framework. The ten papers that were chosen for this Special Issue of the BSR present advancements and new techniques (methodology) in the field of Operations Research (OR), as well as their application in a variety of fields, including risk management, mathematical programming, game theory, gravity, spatial analysis, logistics, circular economy, continuous improvement, sustainability, e-commerce, forecasting, Gaussian processes, linear regression, multi-layer perceptron, and machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health, economic, and social burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Africa remains substantial, with elimination efforts hindered by persistent sociopolitical instability, including ongoing conflicts among political and ethnic groups that lead to internal displacement and migration. Here, we explore how innovative technologies can support Africa in addressing NTDs amidst such instability, through analysis of WHO and UNHCR data and a systematic literature review. Countries in Africa facing sociopolitical instability also bear a high burden of NTDs, with the continent ranking second globally in NTD burden (33%, 578 million people) and first in internal displacement (50%, 31.6 million people) in 2023. Studies have investigated technologies for their potential in NTD prevention, surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and management. Integrating the evidence, we discuss nine promising technologies—artificial intelligence, drones, mobile clinics, nanotechnology, telemedicine, augmented reality, advanced point-of-care diagnostics, mobile health Apps, and wearable sensors—that could enhance Africa's response to NTDs in the face of persistent sociopolitical instability. As stability returns, these technologies will evolve to support more comprehensive and sustainable health development. The global health community should facilitate deployment of health technologies to those in greatest need to help achieve the NTD 2030 Roadmap and other global health targets. Countries in Africa facing sociopolitical instability also bear a high burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Here, the authors explore the potential of health technologies to address NTDs through a systematic literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical data are often overlooked in risk assessments and recovery plans for marine animals, resulting in the "shifting baselines." Historical ecological studies demonstrate the "surprising" extent to which contemporary assumptions misrepresent premodern baselines. The Florida manatee, a subspecies of the West Indian manatee found primarily in Florida, USA, faces several existential threats, but risk assessments and recovery targets for the species are hindered by poor understanding of historical baselines. We conducted systematic and opportunistic reviews of archaeological and historical records of manatee occurrence in Florida, USA. Our data reveal that manatee populations in Florida were very small in the Precolonial and Colonial Periods, possibly representing infrequent in-migration from the Caribbean during favorable climate conditions. Manatees expanded in number and range across the Florida peninsula during the Territorial/Early Statehood and Early Modern Periods, first northward on the Atlantic Coast and later along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. These expansions track increasing human populations, associated anthropogenic landscape alterations, and social and policy changes. Historical ecology is critical for "shaping a better Anthropocene" for humans and manatees in Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been no secret that migration processes have a great impact on the number and composition of the population of all countries. These processes have always played and will play a multifaceted role in the development of mankind, acting as a form of human adaptation to the changing conditions of its existence. The war between Russia and Ukraine, which began back in 2014 with the occupation of Crimea along with some areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, has serious far-reaching consequences, one of which is significant migration flows. As a result of hostilities, occupation, and invasion of Russian troops in February 2022, many Ukrainians were forced to seek refuge in other regions of the country or beyond. This led to the emergence of mass internal migration to relatively safe regions of Ukraine and unprecedented in the history of our country external migration to neighboring European states. Accordingly, these migration processes have a great impact on the demographic structure and social situation both in the receiving regions of Ukraine and in the countries that received Ukrainian refugees. It has been demonstrated that the main demographic risks faced by Ukraine pose a threat to stable socio-economic development and have become a serious challenge for Ukrainian society. The most urgent task of Ukrainian migration policy today is the development of political instruments that would encourage and facilitate the return of Ukrainian refugees to their homes. The article uses a systematic analysis based on statistical data of international and public organizations, and statesmen to determine the peculiarities of migration flows in war conditions; induction and deduction - to systematize the key causes and consequences of the migration of the population of Ukraine. The main emphasis is on the analysis of the impact of migration processes on the economic development of Ukraine, social stability and cultural identity of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subnational divergence in the age and sex structures of populations can have far‐stretching consequences for development: from marriage markets to the potential for violence to economic growth. With urbanization and the demographic transition still underway, rural and urban populations continue to differ across low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine the extent by which internal migration contributes to these differences, from 1970 to 2014 using estimates of migration between rural and urban sectors based on census data from 45 countries. We found that despite heavily delineated migration profiles by age and sex, internal migration does not alter sex and age structures of rural and urban populations. All the same, internal migration does increase urban growth in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. In contrast, in Africa, internal migration has little leverage with the urban transition. Across the continents, there is a potential for de‐urbanization, driven by a rural/urban gap in fertility. As such, the rural population may continue to constitute a significant proportion of national populations, necessitating critical investments to ensure they are not left behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current investigation analyses the processes of internal migration in Hungary following the regime change, which is divided into three stages: 1) the period of suburbanization that developed in the 1990s and then receded in the mid-2000s; 2) for a decade from the mid-2000s, the balance of migration tipped towards the towns again; (3) from the mid-2010s, the migration gain of villages has become decisive. Budapest became again a destination for migration in the second stage, while the population its agglomeration - with varying extent - gradually increased its proportion within the country. In the examined periods, several urban areas represented significant migration surplus (mainly in Northwestern Transdanubia), while the county seats of Northern Hungary, hit by the industrial crisis, were characterized by emigration even at the level of their catchment areas. Settlement groups struggling with almost continuous migration losses appeared especially on the periphery along the northeastern border. In addition to 'welfare' suburbanization, however, many settlements also experienced the migration of poor people induced by financial problems of population. Migration processes were affected by the 2008-2009 crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the government's family and housing policy. The relationship between the level of development expressed in terms of income and the internal migration balance is on the one hand contingent, on the other hand changing over time and not clear. After the grouping of settlements according to their income level, emigration seems to be more frequent among the most backward settlements, but the migration gains of the more developed settlement groups are significantly fluctuating. During the first suburbanization period, differences in the migration balance decreased, however, according to the levels of development, the gap opened both during the crisis and during the second suburbanization that unfolded again in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on transnational migration from China since the 1990s has focused on stories about highly educated, skilled migrants. Little research has been done about the transnational migration of skilled trade workers who moved from China to Western countries. This article endeavors to analyze the experiences of this cohort through a case study of skilled trade workers who migrated to the state of Western Australia (WA) from China in the early 2000s. The life trajectories of these workers saw them migrate from villages to cities in China and then from Chinese cities to WA. By conducting semistructured in-depth interviews with eleven skilled trade workers, this study has found that trade workers' translocal and transnational experiences should be viewed as a continuous process with both consistencies and discontinuities between the two scales of mobility. International migration strengthens the economic capital of these workers in their new context. Although the sense of social status disparity in internal migration is reduced, the language barrier becomes more salient. The workers have developed a dependence on bonding social capital by using social media to maintain their social networks in their host and home countries. These migration narratives demonstrate new modes of transnational mobility emerging from China's rise on the global stage and the fluidity and mutability of class identities and personal capital in transnational migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the outcomes of internal migration in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the intersecting themes of ethnicity, informality, and entrepreneurial migration. We examine how Javanese migrants perceive the benefits and challenges of their migration and subsequent engagement in the informal sector as self‐employed migrants/small business owners in and around Kupang's traditional markets. We use a sequential mixed‐methods approach (a household survey with a structured interview [n=344] and in‐depth/semi‐structured interviews [n=28] in 2020). Drawing on Hein de Haas's framework on the internal dynamics of migration, we explore the multifaceted outcomes of entrepreneurial migration beyond the economic consequences addressed in similar studies. The perceived positive impacts of this migration include sufficient income to cover daily needs and children's education, as well as new remittances and employment opportunities for communities in Java and Kupang. However, these broadly empowering trends were set against the experience of those migrants who, because of less informal sector labour experience, could not easily negotiate their settlement in a new host environment, leading to varied adverse consequences. Ultimately, then, the article highlights the importance of social networks, knowledge, and reciprocity in supporting the successful establishment of entrepreneurial migrants in emerging destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the role of place in shaping the (im)mobility aspirations of young people in coastal towns. In the Global North, youth mobility has become a normalised part of the journey to higher education and 'cosmopolitan' adulthood. However, we argue that this is only part of the story for young people in coastal towns in England. Many of these coastal towns now face persistent socio-economic and infrastructural challenges. Against this backdrop, many coastal youth feel that they are marginalised within their towns, and that the town itself is on the margins - culturally, economically, and geographically. This sense of marginality simultaneously propels youth out-migration and stigmatises those that stay behind. The stigma associated with staying overlooks the fact that some young people do not aspire to be mobile, preferring instead to stay because of their familial, social, and place-based attachments. To make this argument, we draw on qualitative data we co-produced with young people in two coastal towns in North East Lincolnshire. In these data we identified three types of mobility narratives (Movers, Returners and Stayers) that help us to contribute to the existing literature on youth (im)mobility aspirations and place-based sociology of youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the social selectivity of internal movers in six European countries, by examining the influence of education and social origin on the likelihood of moving. The study, using ShareLife data, reveals country-specific variations in social selectivity. France and Poland show a skilled selection of internal movers, where education is the primary factor affecting the likelihood of moving, with no additional effect of social origin. In Germany and Sweden, internal movers are selected based on their social origin as well as education, but this double selection differs between the two countries, with a boosting scenario in Germany and a systematic effect of social origin in Sweden, regardless of educational level. Finally, in Spain and Italy, the social selectivity of movers is less evident. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering the interplay of education and social origin in understanding the social selectivity of internal movers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortages of women in rural areas occur in many highly urbanized countries. Rural East Germany is an ideal case for studying this phenomenon because of its low adult sex ratio (ASR)—men greatly outnumber women—coupled with high outmigration among young adults. This study identifies how internal migration between rural and urban areas contributes to the shortage of young adult women. We use data on inter-county migration flows (for years 2002–21) to decompose the impacts of migration flows on ASRs. We find that the low ASRs in rural East Germany have been driven by sex-selective migration. In the early 2000s the main destination of sex-selective outflows was West Germany, while in the 2010s urban areas in East Germany were the key destinations. We find that moves among 18–24-year-olds increased the shortage of women in the rural population, whereas moves among 25–29-year-olds contributed to more balanced ASRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining reliable and timely estimates of migration flows is critical for advancing the migration theory and guiding policy decisions, but it remains a challenge. Digital data provide granular information on time and space, but do not draw from representative samples of the population, leading to biased estimates. We propose a method for combining digital data and official statistics by using the official statistics to model the spatial and temporal dependence structure of the biases of digital data. We use simulations to demonstrate the validity of the model, then empirically illustrate our approach by combining geo-located Twitter data with data from the American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate state-level out-migration probabilities in the United States. We show that our model, which combines unbiased and biased data, produces predictions that are more accurate than predictions based solely on unbiased data. Our approach demonstrates how digital data can be used to complement, rather than replace, official statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a lab-in-the-field experiment with Ugandan fishers, we study if and how the use of a common pool resource changes when the resource is either scarce or abundant and when the number of users increases over time. Both resource scarcity and a growing group require users to be more constrained, that is, more cooperative, in order to maintain the resource. However, the results show that fishers do not curtail their harvesting behavior under increased pressure, leading to rapid overexploitation when scarce resources are used by a growing group. This implies a particular need for sustainable management when scarce resources are exposed to in-migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper examines the migration aspirations of young people from the remote border area of Kinmen, Taiwan and their migratory trajectories—internal migration to the main island of Taiwan and cross‐border migration to China. Located between Taiwan and China, Kinmen is an offshore island with a long history of migration. Based on multi‐site ethnographic data from 30 young people, this paper explores their migratory trajectories and aspirations concerning the instability of socio‐political context and the growing social and cultural inequalities of today's globalised world, China's rise in particular. It contributes to the population geography literature by using migration aspiration as a critical lens to analyse how young people negotiate their borderland identity through mobility under the changing cross‐strait political economy. The paper emphasises the importance of considering the transformation of regional economy and culture when analysing youth migration experiences. In recognising the socially grounded aspects of migration aspiration, it highlights the fluid and transformative nature of migration to enrich our knowledge of how marginalised youth form subjectivities and negotiate complex identities through migration. The distinctive experiences of peripheral youth shed new light on the conceptualisation of border crossing, place and desires under the sway of globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the internal migration patterns among Mexico's Indigenous population from 1990 to 2020. We begin by estimating the total interstate migration flows for Indigenous groups and employ an advanced interaction component model to identify migration flows that exceed expectations. This model allows us to detect significant deviations and patterns within the migration data. Additionally, we apply network analysis techniques to identify states that are central to these migration flows and categorize states into distinct communities based on their migration interactions. Our findings reveal that Indigenous migration exhibits higher‐than‐expected flows, particularly from the West Central and North regions of Mexico. By contrast, non‐Indigenous migration shows greater flows, predominantly in the southern and central states. Through network analysis, particularly the use of eigenvector centrality, we identify Nayarit and Durango as key hubs for Indigenous migration, whereas Estado de Mexico and Ciudad de Mexico emerge as central nodes in non‐Indigenous migration. Our study highlights the growing significance of Mexico's northern region, with Nuevo León playing a crucial role in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous migration flow networks. This study's findings contribute valuable insights regarding the spatial dynamics of internal migration and the evolving migration patterns of Indigenous populations in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of personal recommendations on decision‐making is well‐established. To date, however, most research appears to have focussed on decisions of less importance. This study explores how place recommendations may have an impact on internal migration. Drawing on extraordinarily voluminous survey data, based on approximately half a million responses in Swedish municipalities between 2010 and 2018, the analyses of this paper are focused on the extent to which people would recommend friends and acquaintances to move to their respective municipalities, on the locational features influencing such recommendations, and on the relationship between recommendations and net‐migration. Contributing to research on the role of social networks in migration research, the results reveal both a widespread tendency among inhabitants to give positive place recommendations and a very strong positive association between place satisfaction and place recommendations. In addition, a tentative analysis suggests that highly recommended municipalities benefit in terms of net‐migration and, hence, population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature on the internal mobility of international migrants and their descendants in Europe from an interdisciplinary perspective. Europe is becoming increasingly diverse. Where international migrants live and move to after arriving in their destination country influences both individual life courses and macro‐level population compositions. So far, a comprehensive overview of internal mobility patterns and drivers among migrants is missing. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to discuss the development of the field across disciplines; second, to present and reflect on the current state of knowledge of internal mobility of migrants in Europe, and third, to conclude by setting an agenda for future research. This paper stresses the importance of studying the internal mobility of migrant populations over their life courses, testing theories across migrant generations, doing more justice to population diversity, strengthening the link between the literature on internal and international migration, and finally, emphasises the need for comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite growing calls to analyse internal migration as a life‐course trajectory, most studies use the last recorded migration based on a dichotomy between migrants and non‐migrants. Leveraging the maturation of longitudinal surveys and methodological advances, this paper establishes the diversity and complexity of individual migration trajectories and their long‐term association with subjective well‐being. We apply sequence and cluster analysis to the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data to establish the migration trajectories of millennials from the ages of 15–18 to 27–30 based on the timing, frequency, and direction of migration between regions. We then combine data mining techniques, machine learning algorithms and regression analysis to explore the association between internal migration trajectories and economic and social subjective well‐being (SWB). We find that a full third of young adults are repeat migrants split between return migrants, serial onward migrants, and circular migrants. Repeat migrants often exhibit lower levels of life satisfaction. Successive migrations cumulatively shape life satisfaction, as shown by a negative association between serial onward migration and social SWB. Additionally, return migrants are less satisfied with their economic outcomes, particularly when return migration occurs after two consecutive onward migrations or when return migration occurs early in adulthood. Collectively, these results reveal heterogeneity in migration trajectories that are missed when migration is treated as a one‐off event while suggesting that internal migrants operate a trade‐off between social and economic outcomes over the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stayers are an important component of the internal migration system, yet despite their numerical significance, they are often treated as ancillary to movers in the migration literature. As a result, there is a conflict between the mobility‐centric view of immobility as undesirable and developing narratives which recognise staying as an active and consciously made decision. We therefore need to rethink immobility conceptually and empirically to shed light on a numerically dominant component of the population that has largely been neglected. Using Australia as a case study, this paper examines whether being a stayer has a positive or negative association with life satisfaction, and whether this relationship varies by (1) preference for staying or leaving, (2) between cities and regional areas, and (3) before and during the onset of the pandemic. By first reconceptualising staying as an active process and distinguishing between voluntary and involuntary stayers, life satisfaction outcomes are examined using four migration preference‐behaviour types: desired stayer, undesired stayer, desired mover and undesired mover. Drawing on nationally representative survey data and regression modelling, results reveal important differences in life satisfaction outcomes between individuals expressing a preference for staying or leaving. Findings highlight that while satisfaction of stayers generally declined, being an undesired stayer was associated with a significantly greater loss of life satisfaction compared to being a desired stayer. The magnitude of this association was greater for undesired stayers in regional areas and those surveyed during the pandemic. These results illuminate the varied characteristics and outcomes of stayers within the Australian migration system, demonstrate the importance of acknowledging preference in theorisations of (im)mobility and emphasise the value of adopting an immobility‐focused perspective on internal migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance, economic disparities and housing market conditions are considered key moderators of internal migration. Existing research has used panels and surveys to establish the drivers of and barriers to domestic moves. This research employs administrative data on all Slovak internal migrants in 1997–2022 (2.38 million moves). The individual migrant data are associated with regional characteristics such as wages, unemployment rates, business activity, housing construction, the ethnic composition of the population, and connections to trans‐European transport network (TEN‐T) motorway networks. Zero‐inflated (ZI) regression models help to identify the key moderators of internal moves through reported migration motives and major structural barriers to migration. Gravity models distinguish between long‐distance moves motivated by human capital considerations and short‐distance moves informed by housing and family motives. Motives related to housing, following family, marriage, divorcee and health accounted for 75.4% of the total moves in the 1997–2022 period. Migration distance, followed by education, population mass and housing, proved to be key moderators of internal moves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal migration is the driving force behind population re‐distribution within countries. Although internal migration has been extensively studied among adults, little is known about patterns in childhood migration, and even less so in a comparative manner. This study, therefore, adopts a child‐centred approach and contributes to the literature by exploring cross‐national changes in childhood migration across birth cohorts. Moreover, it examines how patterns of childhood migration relate to the postponement of childbearing. Drawing on retrospective residential histories from the SHARE survey, we analyzed childhood migration trajectories of 178,476 individuals born between 1935 and 1994 in 28 European countries. Cohort analyses confirm a country gradient in childhood migration, with the highest migration rates in Northern Europe and the lowest in Southeastern Europe. Nonetheless, across nearly all countries, childhood migration has consistently declined since the 1970s. Furthermore, when children relocate, it happens at increasingly younger ages. Finally, we find that these patterns are related to the increasing childbearing age across Europe. Our results thereby highlight the interplay between childhood migration and adult family life's changing dynamics, offering a novel perspective on the link between these two demographic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterurban migration is known to be driven by lifestyle motivations, in which employment considerations are more of an enabling factor than a driver. In this paper, the self-reported motives, along with labour-market and lifestyle outcomes, of counterurban migration are investigated. The focus is on trade-offs between work-related and lifestyle-related amenities for different subgroups based on recent survey data in Sweden collected from families with children in 2018–2019 who left metropolitan regions. The key results indicate that, overall, counterurban movers are satisfied with their decision and the majority cite the importance of lifestyle amenities over work-related amenities. Our conclusion is that, besides voluntary trade-offs, counterurban migration does not necessarily pose a trade-off between labour-market and lifestyle-related amenities since, to a large extent, individuals reported better outcomes in both areas. This study makes two contributions. Firstly, the data considers self-reported outcomes, including labour-market outcomes beyond income and lifestyle outcomes. Secondly, we explore individual characteristics of counterurban migrants in relation to post-migration outcomes in different destinations.

Language skills have demonstrated their significance in migration decisions; however, their role as a potential cause of immobility has been largely overlooked. In this paper, I first propose a theoretical model that seeks to explain decisions regarding mobility and immobility based on the instrumental returns generated by an individual's linguistic capital within a given opportunity structure. Secondly, I apply this model utilizing data from university and vocational training graduates in Spain. Leveraging its particularity as a case study, which encompasses five regions where a minority's co-official language is an integral part of ethnic identification and shares a similar institutional environment that encourages its use, I find that bilingualism is primarily linked to internal immobility. Simultaneously, it affects the direction of internal migration, since bilinguals are more inclined to relocate to areas with similar language conditions. Bilingualism also presents indirect effects. The results indicate that bilingualism influences international migration by facilitating the acquisition of a foreign language, which becomes increasingly attainable as the cost of language acquisition decreases, though the effect remains relatively small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex workers in Europe are increasingly of nonnational origin. The Schengen cooperation allows internal migration within the European Union, but many migrant sex workers originate from outside the EU. While sex workers are already in precarious positions, nonnationals risk deportation, dependent on their citizenship status, and may have debts to smugglers. Consequently, they may be more likely to work longer hours to increase short-term profits. Using a dataset of sex work advertisements from one Danish website (n = 2,594), we estimate the association between inferred citizenship status and a) advertised hours on shift using ordinary least squares regression, and b) the probability of advertising 24/7 availability using a linear probability model. Compared to Danish sex workers, we find migrants advertise almost twice as many hours on shift and are more likely to advertise 24/7 availability. These results shed light on the inequalities that persist between national and nonnational sex workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]