25 results on '"INVESTMENT GRANTS"'
Search Results
2. Dotacje inwestycyjne z rządowych funduszy wsparcia dla samorządów 2019-2021. Polityczna alokacja zasobów?
- Author
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Olejnik, Łukasz
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC investments , *MUTUAL funds , *LOCAL government , *CITIES & towns , *GOVERNMENT aid - Abstract
This article contains the in-depth analysis of the distribution of funds from the Road Development Fund (RDF), the Local Government Investment Fund (LGIF), the 100 Bypass Road Programme, and the Strategic Investment Fund for possible alignment bias. It was demonstrated that in the case of every fund except the 100 Bypass Road Programme, municipalities ruled by the United Right received government grants significantly more often, or received higher grants. In the case of the LGIF, the scope of favouring was meaningful. To make the results robust, a set of control variables was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The accounting of the grant funds and subsidies
- Author
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Aurelia Dumitru, Andrei Bogdan Budică, Adrian Florin Budică, and Alina Georgiana Motoi
- Subjects
non repayable funds ,beneficiary ,investment grants ,operating grants ,distinct accounting ,fixed assets ,depreciation ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Within this article it is studied the field of the subsidies received as a nonrepayable financial support (grant), either we discuss about the grants for investments or the operating subsidies. Subsidies accounting is differentiated, according to their typology, classification that proves their distinctive characteristics. Subsidies for assets, also known as investment grants, are those that considerably increase the beneficiary's patrimony with new assets. Operating grants are those used for a purpose other than the acquisition of assets. The article aims at collecting all definitions related to this area, including legislation on European funds, received by the beneficiaries. The methodology of research is the qualitative one, the whole process of accessing projects with community money being discovered from a descriptive conceptual persepective.
- Published
- 2017
4. INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON USING INVESTMENT GRANTS IN BUDGETS OF SMALL MUNICIPALITIES OF SOUTH BOHEMIAN REGION.
- Author
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Popilkova, Marketa, Stuchly, Jaroslav, and Rauser, Daniel
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL government ,GRANTS (Money) ,RURAL development ,BUDGET - Abstract
While forming a comprehensive theoretical interpretation of regional development, the issue of economic base as a system, which consists not only of economic entities, but also other elements affecting economic performance, comes to the forefront. On the condition that territorial budget revenues are evenly distributed, public goods are provided to municipalities and regions approximately in the same structure, quality and quantity. This is important for planning volumes of municipal needs, particularly investment needs, in the local and regional public sector. The paper aims to determine factors that influence drawing down of investment grants by small municipalities of the South Bohemian Region between 2013 and 2017, with the municipalities being classified into the authors' established size category of 500 - 4999 inhabitants. In order to assess grant drawdown, a specific ratio indicator of covering capital expenditures by investment transfers was selected, and the following factors and their effects were looked into: size of municipalities (given by population), their distance from the regional city of České Budějovice (Budweis) and their accessibility (peripheral municipalities), municipalities with historical character. To examine dependence, descriptive statistics was used, normality of data was assessed, and given the results obtained, non-parametric conformity-based tests were used as well. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors conclude that at a 5% significance level, dependence of the ratio indicator on the above factors was not proved in the specified category of municipalities. To identify other factors likely to influence the level of drawing down of investment grants by small municipalities, it will be necessary to carry out field research directly in selected municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
5. РОЗВИТОК ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ СОЮЗІ: АНАЛІЗ ЗАХОДІВ З ПІДТРИМКИ
- Subjects
товарні зелені сертифікати ,renewable energy resources ,feed-in-premium ,«зелений» тариф ,investment grants ,tradable green certificates ,feed-in tariff ,відновлювальні джерела енергії ,контракти на різницю ,інвестиційні гранти - Abstract
This study examines the development of renewable energy support mechanisms in the EU. It assesses the potential for their transformation in light of the formation of the European Energy Union in the context of the growing global energy crisis. As part of its long-term strategy to increase the share of renewable energy, the EU has set several ambitious targets, measures and legislative initiatives, such as Directive 2001/77/EC, which sets targets for 12 % of energy and 22 % of electricity from renewable sources by 2010, and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), which updates the RED I targets and provides for a share of renewable energy in final energy consumption of at least 32 % by 2030. Various direct and indirect mechanisms to support renewable energy sources were analysed. It is concluded that the EU’s commitment to increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix is consistent and ambitious. These initiatives demonstrate the EU’s commitment to addressing the urgent need for a low-carbon economy., У цьому дослідженні розглядається розвиток механізмів підтримки відновлюваної енергетики в ЄС та оцінюється потенціал їх трансформації у світлі фо-рмування Європейського енергетичного союзу в умовах посилення глобальної енергетичної кризи. У рамках довгострокової стратегії збільшення частки відновлюваної енергетики ЄС визначив низку амбітних цілей, заходів та законодавчих ініціатив, таких як Директива 2001/77/ЄС, яка встановлює цілі щодо досягнення 12 % енергії та 22 % електроенергії з відновлюваних джерел до 2010 року, а також Директива з відновлюваної енергетики (RED II), яка оновлює цілі RED I та передбачає частку відновлюваної енергії у кінцевому енергоспоживанні на рівні не менше 32 % до 2030 року. У дослідженні також розглядаються різні види прямих і непрямих механізмів підтримки відновлюваних джерел енергії, включаючи «зелені» тарифи, зміцнення мереж і механізми розширення потужностей, а також екологічні податки і скасування субсидій на викопне паливо. Впровадження та ефективність цих механізмів підтримки ВДЕ відрізняються в різних країнах- членах ЄС через такі фактори, як їхня індивідуальна енергетична політика, існуюча інфраструктура та ринкові умови. Крім того, вартість технологій відновлюваної енергетики продовжує знижуватися, що робить їх більш конкурентоспроможними порівняно з традиційними джерелами викопного палива. Це означає, що рівень підтримки, необхідний для ВДЕ, з часом також може зменшитися. Крім того, інтеграція відновлюваної енергії в енергосистему та розробка рішень для зберігання енергії матимуть вирішальне значення для досягнення амбітних цілей Крім того, ЄС стикається з геополітичними проблемами енергетичної безпеки, і план ЄС RePowerEU спрямований на вирішення цих проблем шляхом прискорення інвестицій у виробництво електроенергії з відновлюваних джерел. У дослідженні робиться висновок, що зобов’язання ЄС щодо збільшення частки відновлюваної енергії в енергетичному балансі є послідовним і амбітним, і ці ініціативи демонструють прихильність ЄС до вирішення нагальної потреби переходу до низьковуглецевої економіки.
- Published
- 2023
6. Evaluation of Effects of Investment Support in the Czech Dairy Industry
- Author
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Zdeňka Náglová, Jindřich Špička, and Martin Gürtler
- Subjects
dairy industry ,investment grants ,Rural Development Programme ,National subsidies ,economy of business ,efficiency ,Agriculture ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The article deals with investment subsidies which were drawn by enterprises of the dairy industry in 2007–2013. It is a subsidy within the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 and the National subsidies. This article aims to assess whether these subsidies have contributed to higher economic efficiency of enterprises. The impact of investment grants to economic indicators (sales, debt ratio, labour productivity and production consumption) is evaluated. 35 dairy enterprises that drew investment grants, were analyzed in total. According to the results, grants from national sources have a greater impact on the economy of businesses. National subsidies improve labour productivity, sales and production consumption. Impacts of subsidies drawn from the Rural Development Programme are less noticeable. These subsidies affect only the production consumption by its decreasing. The market situation in 2008 and 2009 also influenced the rated indicators.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR STRENGTHENING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN UKRAINE
- Author
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R. Biluk
- Subjects
regional competitiveness ,local budget ,budget of development ,investment grants ,municipal bonds ,local bank units ,programtarget method of budgeting ,communal property ,land resources ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Financial instruments are very important in regulation of regional competitiveness. Some budget instruments approved their effectiveness even in crisis period, but the contemporary situation makes it necessary to use both fiscal and non-fiscal levers of adjustment of regional competitiveness.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?
- Author
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Alexandre, Fernando, Chaves, Miguel, and Portela, Miguel
- Subjects
L25 ,productivity ,L52 ,investment grants ,H25 ,ddc:330 ,multiple treatments ,D22 ,industrial policy - Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of awarding a second investment grant to the same firm. We implement a Regression Discontinuity Design strategy using a very rich firm-level administrative database, which allows us to link applications to grants and their scores to firms' performance. Overall, our results show a positive and significant impact of an investment grant booster shot on firms' labour productivity. This effect is significantly larger than the effect of a single grant. A more granular analysis shows a strong impact of awarding a second grant to small-sized firms. However, we found no effect on micro, medium and large-sized firms. Our results suggest that the characteristics of the targeted firms, namely firm size, matter for the effectiveness of awarding a second grant to the same firm.
- Published
- 2022
9. EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF INVESTMENT SUPPORT IN THE CZECH DAIRY INDUSTRY.
- Author
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Náglová, Zdeňka, Špička, Jindřich, and Gürtler, Martin
- Subjects
- *
DAIRY industry , *INVESTMENTS , *BUSINESS enterprises , *ECONOMIC indicators , *LABOR productivity - Abstract
The article deals with investment subsidies which were drawn by enterprises of the dairy industry in 2007-2013. It is a subsidy within the Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 and the National subsidies. This article aims to assess whether these subsidies have contributed to higher economic efficiency of enterprises. The impact of investment grants to economic indicators (sales, debt ratio, labour productivity and production consumption) is evaluated. 35 dairy enterprises that drew investment grants, were analyzed in total. According to the results, grants from national sources have a greater impact on the economy of businesses. National subsidies improve labour productivity, sales and production consumption. Impacts of subsidies drawn from the Rural Development Programme are less noticeable. These subsidies affect only the production consumption by its decreasing. The market situation in 2008 and 2009 also influenced the rated indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Investment Ebb and Flow in the Hungarian Economy.
- Author
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Báger, Gusztáv
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,MARGINAL efficiency of investment ,CAPITAL -- Accounting ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,GROSS domestic product ,BUFFER states (International relations) ,COMMERCE - Abstract
This study is intended to demonstrate that the downturn in fixed capital formation and investment surpassed the decline in GDP; among the OECD countries Hungary witnessed the 9th largest shortfall of the investment rate compared to pre-crisis levels. The growth rate of Hungarian working capital outflows surpassed that of FDI inflows. The service fee payment of PPP investment contributed to the budget deficit by around 0.5 per cent of GDP per annum. The structure of whole-economy fixed investment underwent a considerable transformation: manufacturing saw a spectacular expansion, while the share of public administration and water supply grew to a lesser degree. The contribution of real estate, electricity and gas supply, education and transportation decreased markedly. The structural changes in public sector investment are reflected in the output of fixed capital formation, which increased by 2.1 in the central budget and by 12.3 per cent at local governments. The total amount of investment grants doubled in the period between 2009 and 2013. In the sector of non-financial corporations, the ratio of grants to GDP rose to 1.3 per cent in 2011, 1.4 per cent in 2012, and 1.9 per cent in 2013 compared to 1.2 and 1.1 per cent in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Besides net EU transfers, the expansion of grants was also an important contributor to the upswing in investment activity in 2013-2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
11. INNOVATIVE AND INVESTMENT DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: WORLD EXPERIENCE
- Author
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Babyna Olha
- Subjects
alternative energy sources ,subsidies ,investment grants ,investments ,"green certificates" ,innovation and investment activity ,preferential crediting ,compensations ,"green" tariff ,preferential taxation - Abstract
The article defines that the economic potential of any country largely depends on the state of its energy resources and the conditions of their use. It is substantiated that reliable, stable and efficient provision of the world economy with energy resources is a guarantee of energy security and an indicator of the quality of life of the population. The analysis of the world experience of innovation and investment directions of develop-ment of alternative energy sources is carried out. It is determined that for the sake of sustainable economic development of countries it is necessary to actively develop the use of alternative energy sources and energy efficiency. The necessity of transition to innovative ways of using alternative energy sources, which have huge resources and reduce the negative impact of energy on the environment, in order to ensure the stable develop-ment of both domestic and global economies. The adoption of the world experience of stimulating the use of alternative energy sources is proposed and the necessity of its adaptation to the modern conditions of Ukraine 's development is substantiated, applying a wide range of ways of stimulating the use of alternative energy sources.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Die Förderung gewerblicher Investitionen durch die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur': Wie erfolgreich sind die geförderten Betriebe?
- Author
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Franz-Josef Bade
- Subjects
Regional policy ,Investment grants ,Evaluation ,Measurement of results ,Regional economic structure ,Regional employment growth ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 - Abstract
This paper analyses the growth of firms subsidized by German regional policy. Empirical basis is a linked data set consisting of the social security statistics (“Beschäftigtenstatistik”) and the federal statistics of investment grants (“GRW-Förderstatistik”). Actually, 90% (23,516) of all firms subsidized between 1998 and 2008 are covered in this study. The performance of the subsidized firms was consistently positive. On average, their employment grew by + 4.6% per year from the respective year of subvention until 2008, the end of the period of analysis. Differentiated by the year of subvention, those firms which were recently subsidized grew faster. The growth of subsidized firms is particularly high if they are compared to non-subsidized firms of the same region. In the structurally weak regions of eastern Germany, the change of employment of subsidized firms exceeds the corresponding rate for non-subsidized firms by 11% points per year partly due to the strong increase of subsidized firms and partly due to low performance of the other firms. The growth difference is less distinct in the (few) assisted areas of western Germany. The sectoral structure of subsidized firms is rather unfavourable. Even so, their employment growth is much stronger than structurally expected.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Assessment of policy strategies to develop intermodal services: The case of inland terminals in Germany
- Author
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Liedtke, Gernot and Carrillo Murillo, David Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
TERMINALS (Transportation) , *UNDERGROUND construction , *SUBWAYS , *INVESTMENT policy , *LOGISTICS , *MARKET equilibrium - Abstract
Abstract: The welfare effects of two policies that could promote intermodal services, investment grants for terminal operators and the internalisation of external cost are analysed. For this purpose, a market equilibrium model has been developed, covering the dynamic demand and supply interactions of logistics and transport markets. The emergence or closure of terminals is modelled assuming free market entry and exit, and competition by product differentiation. In a first step, analytical results are presented showing that investment grants for terminal operators could have a negative effect on market efficiency due to a massive entry on the market for terminals. In a second step, a hierarchical choice model mapping the decisions of shippers/forwarders in detail is combined with the market equilibrium model. The combined simulation model is applied to German terminals, and different policy packages are analysed. It can be seen that in markets with high volume, the welfare maximizing policy strategy is the internalisation of external cost only. However, in less developed markets, a combination of both, direct subsidies in form of investment grants and internalisation of external cost, could be indicated. Finally, the implications of the results derived from the model and the empirical analysis of transport policy are identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Wirkung kommunaler Investitionen in die Tourismusinfrastruktur am Beispiel Sachsens.
- Author
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Kauffmann, Albrecht
- Abstract
Copyright of Jahrbuch fur Regionalwissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION, WAR OF ATTRITION AND INVESTMENT GRANTS.
- Author
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DOSI, CESARE and MORETTO, MICHELE
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,INVESTMENTS ,OPTION value ,SUBSIDIES ,POLLUTION prevention - Abstract
The paper analyses the timing of spontaneous environmental innovation when second-mover advantages, arising from the expectation of declining investment costs, increase the option value of waiting created by investment irreversibility and uncertainty about private payoffs. We then focus on the design of public subsidies aimed at bridging the gap between the spontaneous time of technological change and the socially desirable one. Under network externalities and incomplete information about firms' switching costs, auctioning investment grants appears to be a cost-effective way of accelerating pollution abatement, in that it allows targeting grants instead of subsidizing the entire industry indiscriminately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Evaluation of Effects of Investment Support in the Czech Dairy Industry
- Author
-
Jindřich Špička, Martin Gürtler, and Zdeňka Náglová
- Subjects
Economic efficiency ,Agricultural economics ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Rural Development Programme ,Market economy ,Economic indicator ,investment grants ,National subsidies ,0502 economics and business ,Production (economics) ,Debt ratio ,050207 economics ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Productivity ,Consumption (economics) ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:S ,Subsidy ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,dairy industry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,efficiency ,economy of business ,Business ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,050203 business & management - Abstract
The article deals with investment subsidies which were drawn by enterprises of the dairy industry in 2007–2013. It is a subsidy within the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 and the National subsidies. This article aims to assess whether these subsidies have contributed to higher economic efficiency of enterprises. The impact of investment grants to economic indicators (sales, debt ratio, labour productivity and production consumption) is evaluated. 35 dairy enterprises that drew investment grants, were analyzed in total. According to the results, grants from national sources have a greater impact on the economy of businesses. National subsidies improve labour productivity, sales and production consumption. Impacts of subsidies drawn from the Rural Development Programme are less noticeable. These subsidies affect only the production consumption by its decreasing. The market situation in 2008 and 2009 also influenced the rated indicators.
- Published
- 2016
17. Heterogeneous effects of investment grants: Evidence from a new measurement approach
- Author
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Dettmann, Eva, Weyh, Antje, and Titze, Mirko
- Subjects
diffence-in-differences ,D61 ,causal impact analysis ,investment grants ,matching ,ddc:330 ,H20 ,Z0 ,A11 - Abstract
This paper estimates establishment-level employment effects of investment grants in one of the German Federal States receiving the most support. We analyze general treatment effects, as well as the influence of heterogeneity in the characteristics and economic environment of the establishment on its employment development. Modifying the standard matching and difference-in-differences approach, we develop a new procedure that is particularly useful for evaluating funding programs with individual treatment phases within the period of observation. Our data basis combines treatment-related, establishment-specific and regional information from different sources. The results suggest that investment grants have a positive influence on the development of employment in establishment in both absolute and standardized figures (i. e. in relation to the amount of subsidy received) - with considerable effect heterogeneity. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Beschäftigungseffekte der Investitionsförderung für eines der am stärksten geförderten deutschen Bundesländer ermittelt. Wir analysieren dabei nicht nur die allgemeinen Effekte auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung, sondern betrachten auch ihre Heterogenität bezüglich unterschiedlicher betrieblicher und umfeldbezogener Merkmale. Durch eine Modifzierung des Matching-und Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansatzes entwickeln wir ein neues Verfahren zur Evaluation von Förderprogrammen, das die individuellen Förderphasen innerhalb der Beobachtungsperiode genau berücksichtigen kann. Unsere Datenbasis kombiniert dabei förderbezogene, betriebsbezogene und regionale Informationen unterschiedlicher Quellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Investitionsförderung einen positiven Einfluss auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung in den Betrieben hat, sowohl in absoluter, als auch in einer standardisierten Betrachtung (d. h. in Bezug zur Höhe der Förderung) - mit erheblicher Effektheterogenität.
- Published
- 2018
18. Central America Urbanization Review : Making Cities Work for Central America
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
URBAN SERVICES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INVENTORY ,LOAN MATURITY ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,NOW ACCOUNTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,DOWN PAYMENTS ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,LAND USE ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,PERSONAL SAVINGS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,MANDATES ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,LENDER OF LAST RESORT ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEWAGE ,BANK ,RISK FACTORS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,URBAN HOUSING ,STRATEGIES ,EMERGING MARKETS ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,SUBSIDIES ,COST DIFFERENTIALS ,METROPOLITAN AREAS ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,WAGES ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL CONDITIONS ,ENTERPRISES ,MARKET VALUE ,UNFUNDED MANDATES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,SERVICES ,PRIVATE HOUSING ,INTEREST RATES ,URBAN GROWTH ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,LARGE CITIES ,PUBLIC DEBT ,DEBT ,GUARANTEES ,BANKING SECTOR ,COUNTRY COMPARISONS ,SAVING ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,MORTGAGE LENDING ,AUTONOMOUS REGIONS ,FINANCIAL RISK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,BUSINESS TAXES ,FACTORING ,DEVOLUTION ,LAND VALUE ,COLLATERALIZATION ,SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ,CAPITALS ,LAND SPECULATION ,BLOCK GRANTS ,RENTAL HOUSING ,DEFICITS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PROPERTY TAXES ,CAPITAL ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,LOCAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTING ,TAXATION ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,ECONOMIES ,HOUSING PRICES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,FINANCIAL CRISES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ,LEGAL PROVISIONS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,CAPITAL GRANTS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,LOCAL ADMINISTRATION ,MORTGAGE LOANS ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,OPERATING INCOME ,CURRENT EXPENDITURES ,MIGRATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,CREDIT ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,MICROFINANCE ,NEW ENTRANTS ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,CENTRAL BANKS ,LABOR ,REVENUE SOURCES ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOUSING ,URBAN CONGESTION ,INTEREST ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,WATER SUPPLY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,LAND DEVELOPMENT ,FUEL TAXES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TRAFFIC CONGESTION ,SUBSIDIARIES ,HOUSING PROVISION ,USER CHARGES ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,SAVINGS CONTRIBUTIONS - Abstract
Central America is undergoing an important transition, with urban populations increasingat accelerated speeds, bringing pressing challenges as well as opportunities to boost sustained,inclusive and resilient growth. Today, 59 percent of Central America's population lives in urban areas, but it is expected that within the next generation 7 out of 10 people will live in cities, equivalent to adding 700,000 new urban residents every year. At current rates of urbanization, the region’s urban population will double in size by 2050, welcoming over 25 million new urban dwellers, calling for better infrastructure, higher coverage and quality of urban services and greater employment opportunities. As larger numbers of people concentrate in urban areas, Central American governments at the national and local levels face both opportunities and challenges to ensure the prosperity of their country's present and future generations.
- Published
- 2016
19. Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Mali the Period FY16-19
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE ,CHILDREN ,BUDGETARY SYSTEMS ,BUDGET ,FAMILIES ,MEASUREMENT ,LIQUIDATION ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,GENITAL MUTILATION ,ADOLESCENTS ,IMPLEMENTATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,MARKET ENTRY ,ECONOMIC STABILITY ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,MIGRANTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,MUNICIPALITIES ,WORKERS ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,CRIME ,RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ,BANK ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,VACCINATION ,LOANS ,HEALTH ,FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ,INTERVENTION ,AGED ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,TAX COLLECTION ,VIOLENCE ,OPERATING LOSSES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,STRATEGIES ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,SUBSIDIES ,MICROFINANCE REGULATION ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,WAGES ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,QUALITY CONTROL ,PATIENTS ,BANKING ,ENTERPRISES ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,COMMUNITY HEALTH ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,SERVICES ,PRICING ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PREVENTION ,DEBT ,RISKS ,GUARANTEES ,BANKING SECTOR ,HOSPITALS ,SAVING ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,CAPITAL ADEQUACY ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,AUTONOMOUS REGIONS ,CANTEENS ,MARKETING ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,INTERNAL AUDITS ,STRESS ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REFORM ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,DEVOLUTION ,ANTENATAL CARE ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION ,AUDITS ,TELEPHONE SERVICES ,BLOCK GRANTS ,DEFICITS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,CAPITAL ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,FOREIGN ASSETS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGETS ,TAXATION ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,IMMUNIZATION ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,INTERNATIONAL RESERVES ,FAMILY PLANNING ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,HEALTH CARE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSURANCE ,REGISTRATION ,REVENUE ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,MIGRATION ,PRIVATIZATION ,CREDIT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,PEOPLE ,MICROFINANCE ,KNOWLEDGE ,EQUALIZATION ,STRATEGY ,LABOR ,INTERNET ,MARKET RISK ,NEEDS ASSESSMENT ,HOUSING ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,INTEREST ,WATER SUPPLY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,CAPITAL BASE ,HEALTH SERVICES ,REFUGEES ,TRUST FUNDS ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,WEIGHT ,SOCIAL NETWORKS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ELECTRICITY SERVICES - Abstract
Prior to the political and security crisis of 2012, Mali, a large landlocked country in West Africa already ranked among the poorest countries in the world. In early 2012, the vast northern regions fell under the control of extremist forces, while a coup d’état in Bamako threw the country into political instability and turmoil. A strong international military response in early 2013 prevented further destabilization, though part of the North remains outside government control and insecurity has spread to Bamako and the South. The signing of a peace agreement in June 2015 has revived hopes for peace and stability. The WBG has continued to support Mali throughout the crisis. An Interim Strategy Note (ISN, FY14-15) addressed the root causes of Mali’s underestimated fragility, namely weak governance, extremely high demographic growth and the consequences of climate change. This CPF will continue to address the drivers of Mali’s fragility, with a strong focus on governance, while building on the progress and experience of the ISN. Drawing from the recent Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which stresses the criticality of improving rural livelihoods to sustainable poverty reduction, the Framework intends to contribute to improving rural incomes by increasing productivity and resilience in the four livelihood zones of the country. Accordingly, the CPF proposes orientations for the WBG engagement around three areas of focus: (i) improve governance, by strengthening public resource management at central and local levels and fostering citizen engagement; (ii) create economic opportunities, by enhancing the productive capacity of smallholders, increasing agricultural value added and diversification to catalyze transformation, and improving basic services by developing infrastructure and connectivity; and (iii) build resilience, by developing human capital, strengthening safety nets, improving risk management mechanisms for the poor and vulnerable and mitigating climate shock. A comprehensive program has been proposed for the first two years of the CPF that includes knowledge activities and development policy operations to address the binding constraints to poverty reduction, as well as citizen engagement, investment financing, partner-funded and joint IFC/IDA investments and guarantees. Key areas include the reinsertion of ex-combatants, competitiveness and agricultural productivity, statistical capacity, climate change, water and sanitation, safety nets programs, energy, irrigation and transport.
- Published
- 2015
20. ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION, WAR OF ATTRITION AND INVESTMENT GRANTS
- Author
-
Michele Moretto and Cesare Dosi
- Subjects
General Computer Science ,??Environmental innovation, Investment irreversibility, Network externalities, Investment grants, Second-price auction ,Microeconomics ,Environmental innovation, investment irreversibility, network externalities, investment grants, second-price auction, Q28, O38 ,Complete information ,Return on investment ,Economics ,medicine ,jel:C0 ,Attrition ,Business and International Management ,Network externalities ,jel:C6 ,jel:Q28 ,Industrial organization ,jel:C7 ,Technological change ,Environmental innovation ,Investment grants ,Subsidy ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,medicine.disease ,Option value ,jel:M2 ,Vickrey auction ,jel:O38 ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Environmental innovation, Investment irreversibility, Network externalities, Investment grants, Second-price auction ,jel:D5 ,jel:B4 ,Network effect ,jel:D7 - Abstract
The paper analyses the timing of spontaneous environmental innovation when second-mover advantages, arising from the expectation of declining investment costs, increase the option value of waiting created by investment irreversibility and uncertainty about private payoffs. We then focus on the design of public subsidies aimed at bridging the gap between the spontaneous time of technological change and the socially desirable one. Under network externalities and incomplete information about firms' switching costs, auctioning investment grants appears to be a cost-effective way of accelerating pollution abatement, in that it allows targeting grants instead of subsidizing the entire industry indiscriminately.
- Published
- 2010
21. Die Förderung gewerblicher Investitionen durch die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur“: Wie erfolgreich sind die geförderten Betriebe?
- Author
-
Bade, Franz-Josef
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Results in the Latin America and Caribbean Region, 2015, Volume 6
- Author
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World Bank and Palladini, Eric
- Subjects
URBAN SERVICES ,INFRASTRUCTURE LOANS ,WASTE ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,CHILDREN ,FAMILIES ,PHYSICIANS ,PROJECTS ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,IMPLEMENTATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,INTERMEDIARIES ,LENDING ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,WORKERS ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEWAGE ,CRIME ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,BANK ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,MASS TRANSIT ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,HEALTH ,INTERVENTION ,VIOLENCE ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SECONDARY SCHOOLS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,STRATEGIES ,KIDS ,COLLECTIONS ,SOCIAL WORKERS ,DAY CARE ,COMMUNITY ACTION ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,PEACE ,SANITATION ,POLLUTION ,PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES ,HARD TO REACH GROUPS ,TRANSFERS ,PATIENTS ,INFANT HEALTH ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,MORTALITY ,SERVICES ,URBAN GROWTH ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,LARGE CITIES ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PREVENTION ,LAND PRICES ,DEBT ,RISKS ,GUARANTEES ,CLINICS ,VICTIMS ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,HEALTH EDUCATION ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,DIABETES ,FINANCE MINISTRIES ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,HEALTH POLICY ,GOVERNANCE ,IMMUNIZATION ,HEALTH INDICATORS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,HEALTH CARE ,DISASTERS ,INSURANCE ,REGISTRATION ,REVENUE ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,EQUITY ,HYGIENE ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,EXERCISES ,CREDIT ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,EPIDEMIC ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,LABOR ,HOUSING ,WORKSHOPS ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,INTEREST ,MEDICAL TREATMENT ,WATER SUPPLY ,TRANSPORT ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,HEALTH SERVICES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TRUST FUNDS ,DISABILITIES ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,SOCIAL SUPPORT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,HEALTH INTERVENTIONS - Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean (LCR) will be center stage in the global development debate as leaders from around the world convene in Lima, Peru for the annual meetings of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund. Critical progress in poverty reduction has been made in the region over the last decade. The region’s bottom 40 percent of the population saw growth eclipsing that seen by the group in every other region in the world. However, a global slowdown in economic growth and activity challenges these positive strides. The stories in this report embody concrete successes of countries working together with the World Bank. Innovative development approaches were designed and implemented. Individuals, communities, countries, and even regions benefited from better health, education, governance, disaster risk management, and more.
- Published
- 2015
23. Intergovernmental Fiscal Systems and Development Aid : Comparisons and Lessons of Experience
- Author
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Adugna, Abebe and Ford, J. Fitz
- Subjects
MDB ,TAX ,TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,UNCERTAINTY ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL TRANSFERS ,DECISION-MAKING ,RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION ,NATIONAL RESOURCES ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,PROGRAMS ,TARGETED GRANTS ,EMPLOYMENT ,BUDGETARY DECISION MAKING ,POLICY MAKERS ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LOCAL CAPACITY ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,NATIONAL TAX ASSOCIATION ,TRANSITION COUNTRIES ,SUB-NATIONAL ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC FINANCING ,STATE GOVERNMENT ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,TAX COLLECTION ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,FEDERAL TRANSFERS ,IMMUNIZATIONS ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,MISTRUST ,TAX POLICY ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ,SUBNATIONAL AUTHORITIES ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES ,PUBLIC BUDGETING ,NATIONAL INCOME ,PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ,SPILLOVER EFFECTS ,SWAPS ,FISCAL SYSTEM ,SWAP ,DISBURSEMENT ,GOVERNMENT FINANCING ,OUTCOME MEASURES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,BUDGETARY DECISIONS ,DEBT ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCE ,FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS ,CENTRAL CONTROL ,PERFORMANCE DATA ,FISCAL TRANSFER ,HEALTH SECTOR ,TAX EFFORTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,AUTONOMY ,PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE ,FINANCING SOURCES ,DISBURSEMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,BUDGET YEAR ,DECISION-MAKERS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,STRUCTURAL POLICIES ,AUDITS ,BLOCK GRANTS ,COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES ,FISCAL AUTONOMY ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,PORTFOLIO ,ENFORCEABILITY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,TAXPAYERS ,NATIONAL TAXES ,TAX BASE ,TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE ASSIGNMENTS ,EXPENDITURE NEEDS ,FEDERAL FINANCE ,TAXATION ,USE OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR OUTCOMES ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,CENTRAL DEPARTMENTS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATION ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PROVINCIAL FISCAL ,APPROPRIATIONS ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,IMMUNIZATION ,DISCRETIONARY ALLOCATION ,BUDGETARY DECISION ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,DEBT RELIEF ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,FINANCIAL PROGRAMMING ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL SYSTEMS ,FISCAL IMBALANCES ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,TAX AUTHORITY ,EXPENDITURES ,TAX REVENUES ,ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS ,AMOUNT OF DEBT ,PUBLIC ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE ,EQUALIZATION ,FISCAL CAPACITY ,SUBNATIONAL ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,SUBNATIONAL REGIONS ,BUDGET DOCUMENTATION ,BUDGET PROCESS ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,ALLOCATION SYSTEMS ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,DONOR AGENCIES ,FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ,SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURE ,PROGRAM EVALUATIONS ,OUTCOME TARGETS ,POLITICIANS ,STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ,POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,PROGRAM PERFORMANCE ,BUDGET DISCUSSIONS ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,PERFORMANCE TARGETS ,FISCAL FEDERALISM ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,TRUST FUNDS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM ,FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ,PROGRAM MANAGERS ,POLICY CHANGES ,EXPENDITURE ,TAX SYSTEM ,FISCAL CAPACITIES - Abstract
This paper reviews the experiences of intergovernmental fiscal systems (IGFS) to look for possible lessons for how Official Development Assistance (ODA) is delivered. Specifically, it compares IGFS and ODA in two specific respects. The first is the proportion of public resources that central governments make available to sub-national governments on a conditional basis, and how that compares with the proportion of non-earmarked ODA given to low income countries. The second is the role of performance outcome in resource allocation to sub-national governments and how that compares with the role of performance in ODA, particularly multilateral ODA allocation. The comparisons show that: (i) the share of earmarked ODA is more than three times higher than that of conditional grants in intergovernmental systems, suggesting that donors in ODA rely more on earmarking to influence the spending decisions of the recipient countries than their federal governments do on conditional grants to induce policy changes in their own sub-national governments; and (ii) none of the OECD countries currently use outcome measures in determining resource allocation to their sub-national governments for a variety of good reasons, and the recent debate as to whether multilateral ODA allocation should be based on development outcomes seems to ignore this experience.
- Published
- 2010
24. The ProVention Consortium
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ,EVACUATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS ,RISK ANALYSIS ,EARLY WARNINGS ,REINSURANCE ,OVERHEAD COSTS ,FIRE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,DISASTER EVENTS ,HURRICANE ,PROJECTS ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,EL NINO ,DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ,LENDING ,DAMAGE ,RISK REDUCTION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER ,EARTHQUAKES ,GOVERNMENTS ,METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ,BANK ,MEDICINES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANK MANAGEMENT ,STRATEGIES ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,DAT DATABASE ,INSURERS ,INDUSTRY ,DISASTER SITUATIONS ,FINANCE ,DMF ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,FLOOD ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT FACILITY ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,HEALTH RISKS ,EMERGENCIES ,GRANT PROGRAMS ,SERVICES ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,NEGOTIATIONS ,VICTIMS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,TECHNICAL COOPERATION ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,PROPERTY ,DISASTER VICTIMS ,SLUM ,ALLIANCES ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ALLIANCE ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,ACCIDENTS ,DECLARATION ,REINSURER ,NATURAL HAZARD ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,NEGOTIATION ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION ,EARTHQUAKE ,ACCOUNTING ,EMERGENCY MANAGERS ,VALUE ,RISK ,FOREIGN AFFAIRS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,EMERGENCY ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,SAFETY ,DEVELOPMENT NETWORK ,DISASTERS ,BANK ACCOUNTING ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,ADVERSE IMPACT OF HAZARDS ,ACCIDENT ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,DISASTER RELIEF ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING ,PRIVATIZATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,DISASTER MANAGERS ,PRIVATE REINSURANCE ,NATURAL DISASTER ,CREDIT ,TSUNAMI ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,DISASTER INSURANCE ,FORECASTING ,MICROFINANCE ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,TECHNOLOGY ,DISASTER RISKS ,NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ,DISASTER EXPERTS ,FLOODS ,HOUSING ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,INTEREST ,EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ,TRANSPORT ,DISASTER ,DISASTER RISK ,ADB ,TRUST FUNDS ,DISASTER TYPES ,TENT ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY - Abstract
The provention consortium was created in February 2000 as a formal partnership between the World Bank, other International Financial Institutions (IFIs), bilateral donor organizations, the insurance sector, the academic community, and civil society. Designed as a think-tank to commission research and to disseminate risk reduction tools, the provention secretariat was to rotate from one partner organization to another. Thus, after three years at the Bank, the secretariat was transferred to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in Geneva. The overall goal of provention is to reduce the social, economic, and environmental impacts of natural disasters on vulnerable populations in developing countries in order to alleviate poverty and contribute to sustainable development. This is achieved through (a) forging partnerships; (b) promoting policy; (c) improving practice; and (d) sharing knowledge. Under the Washington-based Secretariat, provention supported four types of activities: applied research studies, pilot and demonstration projects, education and training activities, and workshops and conferences. Provention was repeatedly criticized for its weak governance structure. Therefore, the secretariat commissioned a governance review in 2005. The governance review recommended reactivating the presiding council (PC); replacing the Steering Committee (SC) by a forum to discuss the impact of disasters in developing countries; and creating an Advisory Committee as the main governing body.
- Published
- 2008
25. Environmental Innovation, War of Attrition and Investment Grants
- Author
-
Moretto, Michele and Dosi, Cesare
- Subjects
Umwelttechnik ,Investitionspolitik ,Investment irreversibility ,Investition ,ddc:330 ,Auktionstheorie ,Investment grants ,Q28 ,Environmental innovation ,Netzeffekt ,Network externalities ,Second-price auction ,O38 - Abstract
The paper analyses the timing of spontaneous environmental innovation when second-mover advantages, arising from the expectation of declining investment costs, increase the option value of waiting created by investment irreversibility and uncertainty about private payoffs. We then focus on the design of public subsidies aimed at bridging the gap between the spontaneous time of technological change and the socially desirable one. Under network externalities and incomplete information about firms switching costs, auctioning investment grants appears to be a cost-effective way of accelerating pollution abatement, in that it allows targeting grants instead of subsidizing the entire industry indiscriminately.
- Published
- 2004
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