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Problem Statement: We choose to highlight the case of a 55 years old patient, with diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder in order to try to identify a possible link between psychiatric diagnosis and cumulative traumas suffered by the patient during all development stages. Purpose of Study: - Identification of trauma events that can be assigned as trigger events of various episodes of her psychic disorder - Identification of defence mechanisms specific to this patient and their contribution in creation of existent vulnerability. - Identification of positive and negative prognostic elements, that can sustain the patient to follow a psychiatric treatment and in a sustained qualitative and long term remission of the disease. We started from the following hypothesis: - we supposed that cumulative traumas have favored the occurrence of present psychiatric disorder - we supposed that identifying the patient resources can have a major contribution in her reinsertion (social and professional) Research Methods: We followed the patient by psychiatric and psychological examination Findings: Late onset of psychopathological manifestations for this patient rises the problem of a differential diagnosis between a schizoaffective disorder and a bipolar affective disorder. What tip the balance is the richness of perceptual phenomenon, significantly disorganization on thinking level and on speech level, increase persistence of symptomatology, the bizarre and spectacular delirant ideation. Conclusions: The patient is using the delirant interpretative defense mechanism while in her attempt for finding the truth, feels that somewhere she loses the essence of the things, loosing in this way the capacity of reality testing. During clinical interviews, she is dysphoric with circumstantial speech, she has as a distinctive element the lookalike illusion, she states that the presence of a thought as a third entity and gives symbolic signification to the events that took place in her life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broiler chicken litter was kept as a stacked heap on a poultry farm, and samples were collected up to 9 months of storage. Chicken litter inoculated with desiccation-adapted Salmonella cells was heat-treated at 75, 80, 85, and 150°C. Salmonella populations decreased in all these samples during heat treatment, and the inactivation rates became lower in chicken litter when storage time was extended from 0 to 6 months. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in thermal resistance of Salmonella in 6- and 9-month litter samples, indicating that a threshold for thermal resistance was reached after 6 months. Overall, the thermal resistance of Salmonella in chicken litter was affected by the storage time of the litter. The changes in some chemical, physical, and microbiological properties during storage could possibly contribute to this difference. Moisture and ammonia could be two of the most significant factors influencing the thermal resistance of Salmonella cells in chicken litter. Our results emphasize the importance of adjusting time and temperature conditions for heat processing chicken litter when it is removed from the chicken house at different time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal inactivation of desiccation-adapted Salmonella spp. in aged chicken litter was investigated in comparison with that in a nonadapted control to examine potential cross-tolerance of desiccation-adapted cells to heat treatment. A mixture of four Salmonella serovars was inoculated into the finished compost with 20, 30, 40, and 50% moisture contents for a 24-h desiccation adaptation. Afterwards, the compost with desiccation-adapted cells was inoculated into the aged chicken litter with the same moisture content for heat treatments at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 150°C. Recovery media were used to allow heat-injured cells to resuscitate. A 5-log reduction in the number of the desiccation-adapted cells in aged chicken litter with a 20% moisture content required>6, >6,∼4 to 5, and∼3 to 4 h of exposure at 70, 75, 80, and 85°C, respectively. As a comparison, a 5-log reduction in the number of nonadapted control cells in the same chicken litter was achieved within∼1.5 to 2,∼1 to 1.5,∼0.5 to 1, and<0.5 h at 70, 75, 80, and 85°C, respectively. The exposure time required to obtain a 5-log reduction in the number of desiccation-adapted cells gradually became shorter as temperature and moisture content were increased. At 150°C, desiccation-adapted Salmonella cells survived for 50 min in chicken litter with a 20% moisture content, whereas control cells were detectable by enrichment for only 10 min. Our results demonstrated that the thermal resistance of Salmonella in aged chicken litter was increased significantly when the cells were adapted to desiccation. This study also validated the effectiveness of thermal processing being used for producing chicken litter free of Salmonella contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]