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In this study, 292 female fig genotypes, (including foreign origins) in the fig field gene bank, were evaluated for qualitative characteristics in IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) definitions. These features are tree growth (tree growth power, branching, shoot length, etc.), leaf (leaf area, shape, number of lobes, etc.), fruit (fruit weight, color, ostiole opening, flesh thickness, etc.). Generally, non-metric definitions of these features were classified between certain ranges and expressed as percentage. For example; tree growth of genotypes was observed to be strong in 33% , and, apical dominance was determined in 17% of the genotypes. 60% of the genotypes have a medium (10-20cm) shoot length and, leaf area varies between 250-400cm2 in %53 . The color of the fruits was determined as yellow in 34%, green in 32%, purple in 21% and black in 13% of genotypes. Within the scope of this continuous project, the collection of multiple data continues., Bu çalışmada, incir arazi gen bankasında bulunan yabancı orijinliler de dahil olmak üzere 292 dişi incir genotipi, IPGRI (Uluslararası Bitki Genetik Kaynakları Enstitüsü) tanımlamalarındaki nitel özellikler yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu özellikler ağaç gelişimi (ağaç büyüme gücü, dallanma, sürgün uzunluğu vb.), yaprak (yaprak alanı, şekli, lopların sayısı vb.), meyve (meyve ağırlığı, rengi, ostiol genişliği, tabla kalınlığı vb.) özellikleridir. Genellikle bu özelliklere ait metrik olmayan tanımlamalar belirli aralıklar arasında sınıflandırılarak, %’de olarak ifade edilmiştir. Örneğin; ağaç gelişiminin genotiplerin %33’ünde kuvvetli olduğu saptanmış, %17’sinde apikal dominansi görülmüştür. Genotiplerin %60’ı orta (10-20cm) sürgün uzunluğuna sahip olup, yaprak alanı %53’ünde 250-400cm2 arasında değişmektedir. Meyvelerin rengi, genotiplerin %34’ünde sarı, %32’sinde yeşil, %21’inde mor ve %13’ünde siyah olarak saptanmıştır. Bu sürekli proje kapsamında, çoklu verilerin alınmasına devam edilmektedir.

[EN] Spain is a relevant secondary centre of diversity for Capsicum annuum peppers, especially for the bell types known as Pimiento Morron or Pimiento de Morro. Thus, a myriad of highly regarded landraces adapted to a wide range of conditions can be found throughout the country, as a result of centuries of farmers breeding. Despite that, these materials lack of proper characterization, of paramount importance for farmers, breeders and germplasm management. In this regard, in addition to internationally accepted conventional descriptors, high-throughput digital phenotyping tools like Tomato Analyzer, a software originally developed to process scanned images of cut tomato fruits and to record a range of morphological parameters, may provide an important help towards exhaustive germplasm characterization. With this aim, 32 conventional and 35 Tomato Analyzer digital traits were used herein to characterize a large collection of C. annuum accessions from all Spanish regions, including Protected Designations of Origin and Protected Geographical Indications, with emphasis on Marron peppers, in order to assess the diversity within Spanish elite germplasm and to test the efficiency of those methods to differentiate varietal types and closely related materials. A considerable amount of variation was found using both conventional and digital traits, even within Marron pepper groups, reflecting the diversity of Spanish peppers in terms of plant and fruit morphology, essential for future breeding programs. Both conventional descriptors and digital parameters were able to distinguish varietal groups. However, on the whole, digital phenotyping was able to discriminate in a more accurate way. Most digital parameters were able to discriminate varietal groups into higher numbers of categories (>= 4) than conventional traits (usually 2-4). In addition, the number of significant pairwise differences among varietal groups was considerably higher for digital parameters than for conventional descriptors, enabling a powerful separation, particularly relevant for closely related groups such as Morron peppers. Likewise, as revealed by Principal Components Analysis, digital phenotyping allowed a more powerful intra-varietal separation compared to conventional descriptors. Finally, a subset of 4 conventional descriptors and 13 Tomato Analyzer traits were identified as the most discriminant to distinguish among closely related C. annuum accessions, explaining 81.81 % of total variance found by Principal Components Analysis. Fruit traits explained the highest percentage of variance for our collection, This work has been financed by INIA projects RTA2014-00041-C02-02 and RF2010-00025-00-00, FEDER fund\s. Authors are also grateful to the different Research Institutions, scientists and breeders, and PDOs and PGIs Regulatory Boards, included on Table 1 for providing part of the materials studied here. Finally, thanks are given to Prof. Jaime Prohens for his kind and useful advice in the statistic interpretation of PCAs and MSc Elena Rosa for her help in the edition of Fig. 1.

Bu çalışma 2020 yılında Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen 117G002 no.lu “Kışlık Sebze Yetiştiriciliğinde Hat ve Çeşit Geliştirme” isimli projede yer alan havuç gen havuzu geliştirme çalışmaları kapsamında, 10 genotipin yaprak özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Türkiye’de havuç yetiştiriciliğinin yaygın olarak yapıldığı illerden (Kahramanmaraş, Hatay) ve yurt dışından (Tacikistan) oluşturulmuş gen havuzu içerisinde sarı, turuncu ve mor havuç tipleri mevcuttur. Söz konusu gen havuzundaki 96 farklı bireyin çıkış oranları ve yaprak özellikleri belirlenirken UPOV ve IPGRI çeşit tanımlama formlarından faydalanılmıştır. Formlarda yer alan çıkış, olgun yaprak sayısı, yaprakta tüylülük, yaprak tipi, yaprakta bölünme, yaprak rengi, yaprak rengi yoğunluğu, yaprak duruşu, yaprak uzunluğu, petiolede antosiyanin varlığı, bitki örtüsü kriterleri incelenerek genotiplerin mevcut durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Genotiplerin olgun yaprak sayıları incelendiğinde değerlerin 6 ile 14 adet arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Yaprak tipi ile yaprakta bölünmenin paralellik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hatay Moru genotipi olgun yaprak sayısı, yaprak sapında antosiyanin özellikleri bakımından en yüksek değerleri vererek dikkat çekmiştir. Hatay Moru ve Kahramanmaraş genotiplerine ait bireylerde yaprak tüylülüğünün yoğun olduğu, Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsünde daha önceki çalışmalardan gen havuzuna aktarılan mor tiplerde (Genotip 3, Genotip 11, Genotip 12, Genotip 16, Genotip 20) ise yaprakta tüylülüğün çok az olduğu belirlenmiştir., This study was carried out in order to determine the Leaf characteristics of 10 genotypes within the scope of carrot gene pool Development Studies in the project 117G002 “line and variety development in winter vegetable cultivation” supported by TUBITAK at Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute in 2020. In the gene pool obtained from Turkey and abroad, yellow, orange, purple carrot types are available. UPOV and IPGRI variety identification forms were used to determine the morphological characteristics of some existing carrot genotypes in this gene pool. By examining the germination and leaf feature criteria in the forms, (number of mature leaves, leaf hairiness, leaf type, leaf division, leaf color, leaf color density, leaf position, leaf lenght, anthocyanin presence in petiole) similarities and differences between genotypes were revealed. When the mature number of sheets of the genotypes is examined, the values vary from 6 to 14. It is determined that the leaf type and the leaf split are parallel. Hatay Purple genotype has attracted attention by giving the highest values in terms of the number of mature leaves, anthocyanin properties on the petiole. It has been observed that individuals belonging to the Hatay Purple and Kahramanmaraş genotypes have dense leaf hairiness. It was determined that there is very little hairiness on the leaves in purple types transferred to the gene pool from previous studies in Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute.

[ES] Hemos utilizado descriptores convencionales y digitales para caracterizar germoplasma español, con el fin de evaluar la variabilidad y probar la eficiencia de esos métodos para diferenciar los materiales. Los resultados muestran gran diversidad dentro de la colección. Además, el fenotipado digital fue capaz de proporcionar una separación más potente. Finalmente, se seleccionó un subconjunto 17 descriptores capaz de distinguir entre accesiones, explicando el 81.81% de la varianza total. Los rasgos del fruto son los más relevantes para la separación entre variedades. Estos hallazgos serán útiles para la recuperación de las variedades tradicionales y el manejo del germoplasma. Las variedades tradicionales más apreciadas de México poseen una aptitud extraordinaria para ser usados como materiales de pre-mejora. Por lo tanto, nos propusimos estudiar la diversidad fenotípica y genotípica de estos materiales, así como el efecto de la polinización abierta en la fijación de las características. La caracterización morfológica y genética de la progenie mostró niveles similares de uniformidad y heterocigocidad a aquellos mostrados por las líneas parentales, sugiriendo que el sistema de reproducción por polinización abierta es eficiente en términos de alcanzar uniformidad agronómica, preservando un cierto grado de diversidad genética. Los estudios genéticos del germoplasma aportan información de gran utilidad. Se utilizó el GBS para estudiar una colección de Capsicum spp. española con el fin de arrojar luz sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de las variedades locales y evaluar su diversidad. Las accesiones europeas mostraron estar estrechamente relacionadas. Además, el origen y tipo de fruto fueron los principales factores que determinaron estructura genética. Los estudios de filogenia también mostraron una estrecha relación entre las accesiones española y mexicana. Los valores Tajima D fueron consistentes con selección positiva en los grupos de C. annuum relacionados con la domesticación. C. baccatum surge como una importante fuente de variabilidad genética y proporcionando a los investigadores la oportunidad de seleccionar individuos para ser introducidos en programas de mejora para el contenido en compuestos bioactivos y resilientes a las condiciones del cambio climático. Por ello, decidimos caracterizar una colección de C. baccatum y C. annuum. Se observó una gran influencia del sistema de cultivo sobre el contenido nutricional donde las concentraciones vieron favorecidas bajo cultivo al aire libre. Asimismo, las accesiones control de C. annuum mostraron concentraciones superiores para la mayoría de compuestos para los dos ambientes. Por otro lado, la buena respuesta C. baccatum demuestra que existe la posibilidad de mejorar estos materiales bajo las condiciones mediterráneas y un alto contenido en compuestos bioactivos. Por último, bajo nuestras condiciones, una ración de pimiento puede aportar entre un 70% y un 120% de la dosis diaria recomendada de ácido ascórbico y entre un 10% y un 60% de la dosis recomendada de minerales. La mejora de las variedades de pimiento para la absorción y uso del fósforo es de suma importancia en la tarea actual de reducir significativamente la necesidad de fertilizantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar una colección de pimiento frente a bajos insumos de fósforo. En general, las condiciones de estrés condujeron a una reducción significativa de la biomasa. Además, el tratamiento de bajo fósforo estimuló el desarrollo de la raíz lateral y pelos radiculares. Además, la concentración de fósforo en los tejidos vegetales disminuyó significativamente. Esta respuesta fue notoriamente superior en las raíces, mostrando la capacidad de movilizar el fósforo hacia otros órganos. Esto proporciona evidencias de la existencia de variabilidad dentro de Capsicum para la eficiencia del uso del fósforo susceptible de ser utilizada en lo, [CA] Hem utilitzat descriptors convencionals i digitals per a caracteritzar una col·lecció de varietats espanyoles, amb la finalitat d'avaluar la variabilitat i provar l'eficiència d'aqueixos mètodes per a diferenciar els materials. Els resultats mostren una gran diversitat dins de la col·lecció. A més, el fenotipat digital va permetre una separació més potent. Finalment, es va seleccionar un subconjunt de 17 descriptors digitals per a distingir entre accessions, explicant el 81.81% de la variància total. Els trets del fruit són els més rellevants per a la separació entre varietats. Aquestes troballes seran útils per a la recuperació de les varietats tradicionals i el maneig del germoplasma. Moltes de les varietats tradicionals més benvolgudes es poden trobar a Mèxic y posseeixen una aptitud extraordinària per a ser usats com a materials de pre-millora. Per tant, ens vam proposar estudiar la diversitat fenotípica i genotípica d'aquests materials, així com l'efecte de la pol·linització oberta en la fixació de les característiques morfològiques i en la fixació genètica. La caracterització morfològica y genètica va mostrar nivells similars d'uniformitat de la progènie a aquells mostrats per les línies parentals, sugerint que la reproducció de pol·linització oberta és eficient en termes d'aconseguir uniformitat agronòmica i alhora preservant un cert grau de diversitat genètica, un fet d'enorme rellevància per a l'adaptació a les condicions de canvi climàtic. Els estudis genètics del germoplasma existent aporten informació de gran utilitat. En la present tesi es va utilitzar el GBS per a estudiar una col·lecció de Capsicum spp. amb la finalitat de llançar llum sobre les relacions filogenètiques de les varietats locals i avaluar la seua diversitat i estructura. Les accessions europees estaven estretament relacionades. A més, les característiques dels fruits i l'origen van ser els principals factors que van determinar la l'estructura genètica. Els estudis de filogènia també van mostrar una estreta relació entre les accessions espanyola i mexicana. Els valors del mètode estadístic Tajima D van ser consistents amb la selecció positiva en els grups de C. annuum relacionats amb la domesticació. C. baccatum sorgeix com una important font de variabilitat i proporcionant l'oportunitat de seleccionar individus per a programes de millora per al contingut en compostos bioactius i condicions del canvi climàtic. Ací es va caracteritzar una col·lecció de C. baccatum i C. annuum. Es va observar una gran influència del sistema de cultiu, on les compostos es van veure afavorides baix cultiu a l'aire lliure. C. annuum van mostrar concentracions superiors per a la majoria de compostos. La bona resposta de C. baccatum demostra que existeix la possibilitat de millorar aquests materials de cara a obtindre individus adaptats a les condicions mediterrànies i un alt contingut en compostos bioactius. Per ultime, sota les nostres condicions, una ració de pimentó pot aportar entre un 70% i un 120% de la dosi diària recomanada d'acidifique ascòrbic i entre un 10% i un 60% de la dosi recomanada de minerals. La millora de les varietats de pimentó per a l'absorció i ús del fòsfor és de suma importància en la tasca actual de reduir la necessitat de fertilitzants. L'objectiu va ser caracteritzar una col·lecció de pimentó enfront de baixos inputs de fòsfor. En general, les condicions d'estrés van conduir a una reducció de la biomassa. A més, va estimular el desenvolupament de l'arrel lateral i de pèls radiculars. A més, la concentració de fòsfor en els teixits vegetals va disminuir significativament. Aquesta resposta va ser notòriament superior en les arrels, mostrant la capacitat de mobilitzar el fòsfor acumulat cap a altres òrgans. Això proporciona evidències de l'existència de variabilitat dins de Capsicum per a l'eficiència de l'ús del fòsfor susceptible de ser utilitzada en, [EN] Herein we used conventional and digital descriptors to characterize a collection Spanish landraces in order to assess the diversity and to test the discriminating ability of said methods. A considerable variation was found for the collection. Digital phenotyping enabled a more powerful separation. We conclude by selecting a subset of 17 descriptors which enable to distinguish among closely related C. annuum accessions. Finally, fruit traits explained the highest percentage of variance for our collection. These findings will be useful to the recovery of heirloom peppers and will boost germplasm characterization and management in seed banks. Some of the most known landraces from Mexico encompass a remarkable aptitude to be used as pre-breeding materials. Hence, we studied the phenotypic and genotypic diversity within these materials and the open-pollination effect on the fixation of morphological characteristics and on the genetic fixation. Morphological and genetic analysis of the progeny showed similar or lower levels of genetic and morphological uniformity than those from progenitors, suggesting that open-pollinated program is efficient in terms of reaching enough agronomic uniformity, while preserving a certain degree of genetic diversity, of paramount importance for the adaptation to climate change. Germplasm genetic studies provide vital information. Herein we used GBS to study a Spanish collection of Capsicum spp. to shed light into phylogenetic relationships and to evaluate their diversity and structure. European accessions showed a close relationship. Furthermore, fruit traits and region of origin were the main factors defining population structure. Spanish and Mexican accessions showed a close phylogenetic relationship; Finally, Tajima's D statistic values were consistent with positive selection in the C. annuum clusters related to domestication. These findings provide relevant information on the origin and relationships of Spanish landraces and for future association mapping studies in pepper. C. baccatum represents a remarkable genetic pool that provides opportunity to select superior individuals to be used in breeding programs for improved bioactive compounds content and resilience to climate change materials. Hence, we characterized a collection of C. baccatum and C. annuum materials. Cultivation system had a major effect controlling fruit's nutrient profile. C. annuum controls presented higher concentrations for most compounds under both conditions. The good performance of C. baccatum accessions shows that there are opportunities to breed materials adapted to the Mediterranean conditions and with interesting properties, especially under open-field conditions. Finally, under our conditions, a serving of pepper cultivated could provide between 70% and 120% of the recommended dietary allowance for ascorbic acid and between 10% and 60% for minerals. Improving pepper varieties for their uptake and use of phosphorus would significantly reduce the need for fertilizer applications. Hence, we characterized the main adaptations, of a Capsicum spp. collection, to low phosphorus inputs. Overall, stress conditions lead to significant reduction of biomass. Stress treatment stimulated lateral root length and root hairs growth. Furthermore, concentration of this mineral in plant tissues decreased significantly. This response was notoriously higher in the roots, demonstrating a high ability to mobilise accumulated phosphorus to other plant organs, providing evidence that within the Capsicum genus there is usable variability for phosphorus use efficiency for breeding programs for low input adaptation.

Namen naloge je bil opisati in ovrednotiti po IPGRI deskriptorjih 69 na novo pridobljenih populacij koruze, ki so bile v letih 2009 in 2010 pridobljene v okviru projekta SEEDNet. V proučevanje je bilo vključenih 68 domačih populacij koruze nabranih iz različnih območij Slovenije in ena populacija s Kosova. Poljski poskus je bil izveden leta 2013 na selekcijskem polju BF v Jablah pri Trzinu. V času rastne dobe smo na polju opravili meritve in opise 17 morfoloških lastnosti na 20 rastlinah 67 populacij. Po spravilu pridelka smo na 20 storžih izmerili in ocenili 18 morfoloških lastnosti storža in zrnja. V številnih proučevanih lastnosti se kaže velika variabilnost tako med populacijami kot znotraj populacij, kar je iz vidika žlahtnjenja zelo pomembno. Velika variabilnost se je pokazala pri višini rastlin (povprečno se giblje od 132,5–219,8 cm). Večina populacij ima po 1-2 storža na rastlino. Pri 10 populacijah smo zabeležili tudi po 3 storže na rastlino. Na splošno prevladujeta dva tipa zrna, in sicer poltrdinka in trdinka, pri posameznih populacijah pa polzobanke in zobanke. Velika variabilnost je v lastnostih storža in sicer v dolžini (11,2-22,6 cm) in premeru (2,77-4,98 cm) storža, številu vrst zrnja (8,2-16,7) in številu zrn v vrsti (18,3-40,5). Pri nekaterih populacijah je barva zrna, perikarpa, alevrona in endosperma precej neizenačena. Na podlagi rezultatov proučevanih lastnosti lahko sklepamo, da gre večinoma za domače populacije brez večjega skrižanja z drugimi genotipi in da bodo pomembno obogatile že hranjen genski material v slovenski genski banki koruze. The main aim of our research was to describe and evaluate 69 maize populations, according IPGRI descriptors. The population material was collected in Slovenia, during 2009-2010, within the frame of the international SEEDNet project. In the study wich we harvested were included 68 domestic populations of maize from different regions of Slovenia and one population from Kosovo. The material was planted in a field experiment, on the selection field of the Biotechnical Faculty at Jable near Ljubljana, in 2013. During the growth period, we took 17 biometric and descriptive data of 20 plants of 67 populations. After harvest, we measured and assessed 18 characteristics of 20 maize ears and grains. In many of the studied traits, we found significant variations among and within populations, which is particularly important for the genetic breeding process. There were significant differences in plant height (averages were between 132.5 and 219.8 cm). Most of the populations were characterised by one or two ears per plant. In 10 populations we recorded up to three ears per plant. In general, two types of grains prevailed: the semi-flint and flint. In certain populations, however, semi-dents and dents dominated. High variations were found also in some of the ear traits, especially in ear length (11.2-22-6 cm) and ear diameter (2.77-4.98 cm), number of grain rows per ear (8.2-16.7) and number of grains per row (18.3-40.5). In certain populations, the colours of grain, i.e., colours of pericarp, aleurone and endosperm, were uneven. The results of the analysis of studied traits indicate the studied populations were mostly of domestic origin. They have not been much intercrossed with other groups and they will additionally enrich the Slovenian maize gene bank.

[EN] Paprika and chilies and peppers are one of the most important vegetable crops in Spain and the world. All denominations encompass a complex of various cultivated species of the genus Capsicum, of which pepper (C. annuum) is the most common and important economically and has the greatest genetic diversity. Spain has long been the gateway of materials brought from the American continent, which led to a multitude of varieties and landraces. These materials are a very important gene pool. Unfortunately less cultivated types are at risk of being lost by genetic erosion, thereby being important to concentrate efforts to preserve the gene pool, identifying and characterizing these traditional cultivars. In this paper the morphoagronomic characterization was performed based on: i) IPGRI descriptors 32 and ii) 37 characters Tomato fruit of the Analyser software to a set of 79 traditional varieties, mainly the large type or pepper, the most widespread in Spain, and including materials between Spaniards and foreigners. PCAs for the first two components of total variability explained 30.8% for IPGRI characters, characters from 60.2% to 40.1% Tomato Analyser and for the pooled analysis. Descriptors related to fruit and plant are most discriminate cultivars within IPGRI characters. Tomato Analyzer for descriptors related characters shaped fruit, pericarp thickness and eccentricity are the most important when it comes to discriminating cultivars of pepper. The combination of both methods allows better explain the variability and increases the ability to discriminate materials, which is particularly interesting with very close phylogenetically entries., [ES] Pimientos, chiles y ajíes suponen uno de los cultivos hortícolas de mayor importancia en España y el mundo. Todas las denominaciones abarcan un complejo de varias especies cultivadas pertenecientes al género Capsicum, de las cuales el pimiento (C. annuum) es la más común e importante económicamente y presenta la mayor diversidad genética. España durante mucho tiempo fue la puerta de entrada de materiales traídas desde el continente americano, lo que condujo a una multitud de variedades y ecotipos locales. Estos materiales suponen un acervo genético muy importante. Lamentablemente los tipos menos cultivados sufren el riesgo de perderse por erosión genética, siendo por ello importante concentrar esfuerzos para preservar este acervo genético, identificando y caracterizando estos cultivares tradicionales. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización morfoagronómica basada en: i) 32 descriptores IPGRI y ii) 37 caracteres de fruto del software Tomato Analyser, para un conjunto de 79 variedades tradicionales, fundamentalmente del tipo grueso o morrón, el más extendido en España, e incluyendo materiales entre españoles y extranjeros. Los PCAs, para las dos primeras componentes del total de la variabilidad existente explican el 30,8% para caracteres IPGRI, 60,2% para caracteres de Tomate Analyser y 40,1% para el análisis combinado. Los descriptores relacionados con el fruto y planta son los que más discriminan cultivares dentro de los caracteres IPGRI. Para descriptores de Tomato Analyzer los caracteres relacionados con la forma de fruto, excentricidad y grosor de pericarpio son los más importantes a la hora de discriminar las cultivares de pimiento. La combinación de ambas metodologías permite explicar mejor la variabilidad existente e incrementa la capacidad de discriminar materiales, lo cual es especialmente interesante con entradas muy próximas filogenéticamente.

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has been one of the most successful research-for-development organizations over the past 40 years. The $11 billion invested by CGIAR donor members in research conducted by the international Centers under its umbrella has yielded many multiples of that sum in economic benefits to developing and emerging countries. Annual economic benefits of research on rice in Asia alone are equivalent to the total investment made by CGIAR donors over 4 decades, leaving aside benefits in other continents and from other research conducted by CGIAR institutions. The CGIAR‘s success is due in part to the way it was organized. The Group itself was an informal forum for dialogue among donor members about research priorities, investment options, and the continuing relevance and effectiveness of the institutions supported. The international centers constituted the core of the CGIAR. Each was (and still is) an autonomous international organization governed by an international board. The Group and the Centers were originally advised by the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of distinguished scientists from developing and developed countries, each appointed as an individual. The Group’s activities were facilitated by its Secretariat based at the World Bank in Washington, DC, and TAC’s activities by another secretariat based at the food and agriculture organization in Rome.

Farklı bölgelerden temin edilen Cucumis melo L. aksesyonlarının morfolojik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tescilli çeşitlerinin yanı sıra Denizli, Muğla, Uşak, Manisa, Çanakkale, İzmir, Van gibi Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerinden 43 kavun populasyon ve çeşidi gözlenmiştir. Toplanan örneklerin tümünün karakterizasyonunda IPGRI ve UPOV deskriptörleri kullanılarak; tohumda 10 adet, fidede 3 adet, bitki gövdesinde 6 adet, yaprakta 16 adet, çiçekte 6 adet, meyvede 37 adet morfolojik gözlemin yanı sıra; 8 adet fenolojik gözlem ile birlikte toplamda 86 özellik incelenmiştir. Morfolojik ve fenolojik veriler, aksesyonlar arasında önemli bir varyasyonun olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen veriler, “Principal Component Analysis” (PCA) ve UPGMA’ ya göre gruplama analizleri (cluster) yapılarak dendrogramlar oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda kavun örneklerinin 4 farklı grup oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. This study has been conducted in order to determine the morphological diversity of the Cucumis melo L. landraces, provided from different regions, in addition to the registered varieties of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute.43 melon accesions from different cities of Turkey such as Denizli, Muğla, Uşak, Manisa, Çanakkale, İzmir, Van have been collected and studied by using IPGRI and UPOV descriptors. During these studies 10 traits of seed; 3 traits of seedling; 6 traits of plant; 16 traits of leaf; 6 traits of flower and 37 traits of fruit; together with another 8 phenological traits, a total 86 traits have been observed. Morphological and phenological traits showed significant variation among accessions. By applying cluster analysis according to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and UPGMA to the acquired data, dendrograms have been formed. Cluster analysis of morphological and phenological characters divided local melon accession into four groups.

Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar merkez ilçede geleneksel bağcılık yapılan yerli bağların 2005-2006 ve 2006-2007 sezonundaki incelemeleri sunulmuştur. Bu bağlar daha önce incelemeleri yapılmamış, çoğu yaşlı yok olmaya yüz tutmuş çeşitlerden oluşmaktadır. 2003 yılından beri ön çalışmalar yapılarak belirlenmiş 6 yerli üzüm çeşidi (Veyisoğlu, Kanlı Üzümü, Acıkara Üzüm, Pembe Çavuş, Kara Dirmit, Sarı Emin) incelenmiştir. Bu çeşitler Afyonkarahisar merkez ilçeye bağlı dört lokasyondan (Büyük ve Küçük Kalecik Köyü, Kışlacık Köyü, Sarık Köyü ile Erkmen ve Çakır Köyleri) seçilmişlerdir. Öncelikle meteorolojik ve toprak verimliliği verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra bu yerli üzüm çeşitlerinin (Vitis vinifera spp.) ampelografik, kalite ve verim karakteristikleri yanında bu çeşitlerden elde edilen şaraplarda kimyasal ve organoleptik kalite özellikleri , spektrofotometrik ve kolorimetrik renk indeksleri, toplam fenolik madde içerikleri ve troloks eşdeğeri cinsinden antioksidan kapasite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, asma, üzüm ve şarap konu başlıkları altında incelenen bu altı yerel üzüm çeşidinin, değerli, önemli ve korunmaya değer genetik kaynaklar oldukları tespit edilmiştir.

Throughout Europe, elms are threatened by Dutch elm disease and the destruction of riparian forests. The long-term conservation of elm genetic resources is being promoted all over Europe by the EUFORGEN Noble Hardwoods network. In the European Union (EU), the RESGEN 78 EU-funded project, which involved partner institutes in 9 countries, has enabled a better evaluation, conservation and utilization of the existing collections of native elm clones. The main achievements of the RESGEN 78 project are the establishment of a European database, characterization of genetic diversity using molecular markers, identification of valuable clones, rationalization of the existing collections, development of cryopreservation techniques, establishment of a long-term core collection, and raising public awareness. The EUFORGEN strategy for Ulmus foresees a number of complementary activities such as ecogeographic surveys, database compilation of in situ conservation stands, production of stand management guidelines, and distribution of the practical results achieved by both the network and the project. It recommends the dynamic management of gene resources in order to maximize the genetic diversity among the conservation populations. Links between activities in the EU and non-member countries will be facilitated., Dans toute l'Europe, les ormes sont menacés par la graphiose et par la destruction des ripisylves. La conservation à long terme des ressources génétiques des ormes est maintenant soutenue dans toute l'Europe par le réseau Euforgen 'Noble hardwoods' ('Feuillus précieux'). Au niveau de l'Union Européenne, le projet RESGEN 78 a réuni des partenaires de 9 pays et permis d'évaluer les collections existantes et de mettre en ouvre des mesures conservatoires ex situ durables. Les principales réalisations de ce projet sont la constitution d'une base de données européenne, la caractérisation de la diversité génétique des clones en collection à l'aide de marqueurs moléculaires, la sélection de clones intéressants, la rationalisation des collections existantes, le développement de techniques de cryoconservation, la mise en place durable d'une 'collection réduite représentative' et l'information du public. La stratégie d'EUFORGEN pour le genre Ulmus prévoit la réalisation d'activités complémentaires comme des inventaires eco-géographiques, la création d'une base de données européenne des peuplements conservatoires in situ, la définition de règles techniques de gestion conservatoire in situ, la diffusion des résultats pratiques obtenus dans le réseau 'Feuillus Précieux' comme dans le projet européen. Elle préconise la conservation dynamique des ressources génétiques, de manière à rassembler le maximum de diversité génétique au sein des populations conservatoires. En outre, cette stratégie vise à faciliter l'établissement de liens entre les activités au sein de l'Union Européenne et celles des pays extérieurs à celle-ci.

Throughout Europe, elms are threatened by Dutch elm disease and the destruction of riparian forests. The long-term conservation of elm genetic resources is now being implemented by a European Union (EU) project in collaboration with the EUFORGEN Noble Hardwoods network. The EU RESGEN 78 project involves partner institutes in 9 countries. It aims to achieve better evaluation of the existing collections and effective ex situ long term conservation measures. The ongoing activities include the establishment of a European database, characterization of genetic diversity using molecular markers, identification of valuable clones, rationalization of the existing collections, development of cryopreservation techniques, establishment of a long-term core collection, and raising public awareness. The EUFORGEN strategy for Ulmus foresees a number of complementary activities such as ecogeographic surveys, database compilation of in situ conservation stands, production of stand management guidelines, and distribution of the practical results achieved by both the network and the project. It recommends the dynamic management of gene resources in order to maximize the genetic diversity among the conservation populations. Links between activities in the EU and non-member countries will be facilitated., Dans toute l'Europe, les ormes sont menacés par la Graphiose et par la destruction des ripisylves. La conservation à long terme des ressources génétiques des ormes est maintenant engagée dans le cadre d'un projet de l'Union Européenne (UE) en collaboration avec le réseau 'Feuillus Précieux' d'EUFORGEN. Le projet UE RESGEN 78 réunit des partenaires de 9 pays. Il a pour but de mieux évaluer les collections existantes et de mettre en oeuvre des mesures conservatoires ex situ durables. Les actions engagées dans ce projet incluent la réalisation d'une base de données européenne, la caractérisation de la diversité génétique à l'aide de marqueurs moléculaires, la sélection de clones intéressants, la rationalisation des collections existantes, le développement de techniques de cryoconservation, la mise en place durable d'une 'collection réduite représentative' et l'information du public. La stratégie d'EUFORGEN pour le genre Ulmus propose la réalisation d'activités complémentaires comme des inventaires eco-géographiques, la création d'une base de données européenne des peuplements conservatoires in situ, la définition de règles techniques de gestion conservatoire in situ, la diffusion des résultats pratiques obtenus dans le réseau 'Feuillus Précieux' comme dans le projet européen. Elle préconise la conservation dynamique des ressources génétiques, de manière à rassembler le maximum de diversité génétique au sein des populations conservatoires. En outre, cette stratégie vise à faciliter l'établissement de liens entre les activités au sein de l'Union Européenne et celles des pays extérieurs à celle-ci.

This article gives a very brief account of the main topics addressed during the 1st International Elm Conference held in Chicago in October 1998. It reports that the activity of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) was mentioned in the presentation devoted to the conservation of the genetic resources of the European elms. This topic was presented with a special emphasis on the links and complementarities between the EU GENRES 78 project and the "Elm" strategy adopted by the 'Noble Hardwoods' Network of the EUFORGEN programme., Cet article rend très brièvement compte des principaux sujets abordés durant la première Conférence Internationale sur les Ormes qui s'est tenue à Chicago en octobre 1998. Il indique que l'activité de l'International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) a été évoquée au cours de la communication consacrée à la conservation des ressources génétiques des ormes européens. A cette occasion, l'accent a été mis sur les liens et les complémentarités existant entre le projet de l'Union Européenne RESGEN CT96-78 et la stratégie " Ormes " définie par le réseau 'Noble Hardwoods' du programme EUFORGEN.