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Global Conversation on Sustainability (GCS) 2023 was enthusiastically welcomed by researchers of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR). Highly committed to international organizations such as IUPAC and ISC, the promoters participated to the 2023 edition of the Global Conversation on Sustainability hosting a local in person event held in one of the major CNR institute for chemistry research. The format was a round-table discussion involving colleagues of different age, gender, experience, and area of expertise, who participated to an informal dialogue with the aim of reflecting and sharing aspects of the respective research activities contributing to sustainable development goals. From many chemistry research areas, it emerged a wide range of subjects, which stimulated an interesting and purpose-oriented discussion. Therefore, GCS 2023 at CNR prompted a reflection on how improving chemists' impact on sustainability including laboratories' practises and on considering communication becoming part of scientific process. Transformation requires continuous investment in research and innovation and evolving scientific activities, but also requires synergies, collaborations and policy making on cross-cutting issues that can make this successful. Global initiatives as GCS, in the framework of international scientific organizations, represent a key global vehicle for enhancing the big area of science communication. Overcoming time and spatial limitations, these initiatives enable to link global and locally tailored in person events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) is a structure-based chemical identifier that encodes various aspects of a chemical structure into a hierarchically layered line notation. Because InChI is non-proprietary, open-source, and freely available to everyone, it is adopted in popular chemical information resources and software programs. This paper describes the InChI Open Education Resource (OER) (https://www.inchi-trust.org/oer/), designed to provide educators and other interested parties with resources, training material, and information related to InChI. Currently, the OER contains over 100 materials collected from various sources and provides users with search, filtering, and sorting functionalities to locate specific records. New relevant materials can be suggested by anyone, allowing the scientific community to share and find InChI-related resources. This paper will show how to use the InChI OER tag taxonomy to filter content and demonstrate two resources within the InChI OER; the ChemNames2LCSS Google Sheet and the InChILayersExplorer, an Excel spreadsheet that breaks an InChI into its layers. While the InChI OER is of value to a broader chemistry community, this paper seeks to reach out to chemical educators and provide them with an understanding of InChI and its role in the practice of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has a long tradition of supporting the compilation of chemical data and their evaluation through direct projects, nomenclature and terminology work, and partnerships with international scientific bodies, government agencies, and other organizations. The IUPAC Interdivisional Subcommittee on Critical Evaluation of Data has been established to provide guidance on issues related to the evaluation of chemical data. In this first report, we define the general principles of the evaluation of scientific data and describe best practices and approaches to data evaluation in chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based upon a lightening talk that was given on February 14, 2023 at the 2023 NISO Plus conference. The presentation described the research for the creation of a white paper on the use of blockchain technology along the scientific research workflow that will be released in early 2024 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). What the three-year study found is that the technology is indeed being used in almost all the steps in the scientific research workflow - from hypothesis development through to publication - by commercial organizations as well as by non-profits and across all market sectors, even governments. For example, the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) uses blockchain technology in a pilot program, the Grant-recipient Digital Dossier (GDD), to manage their grant program more efficiently. As of July 2021, GDD had reduced the time required to complete grant assessment tasks from four-plus-hours to a fifteen-minute process. This paper briefly summarizes the findings, discusses the pros/cons of the technology, and provides a glimpse of how the technology is impacting the future of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this paper will be to discuss the issues related to the determination of the limits of detection (LOD) in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analytical applications. The derivation of the commonly used '3-sigma over slope' rule and its evolution towards the new official definition recently adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) will be illustrated. Methods for extending the calculation of the LOD to LIBS multivariate analysis will also be discussed, using as an example the detection of Cu traces in cast iron samples by LIBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photo-reduction of 4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) by UV/Sulfite reduction process is the subject of this study. • MCPA decomposed to simple and detoxified such as C 5 H 8 O 3 , C 5 H 10 O and C 6 H 8. • zone inhibition surrounding reduced from 31 mm (without treatment) to 5 mm after treatment. • When MCPA concentration increase from 50 to 200. mg L−1, K obs and r obs decreased from 0.299 to 0.029 min−1 and 14.95 to 5.80 mg L−1, respectively. • With the increase in the concentration of MCPA from 50 to 200 mg L−1, the amount of E EO from 0.821 to 6.54 kwh.m−3 This study focuses on the MCPA reduction in sulfite excitation under UV irradiation (US process). After 20 min of reaction time, the ideal pH was 11, and the MCPA: sulfite molar ratio was 3:1. in the PFO kinetic model k obs and r obs , range, reach 0. 299 to 0. 029 min−1 and 14.95 to 5.80 mgL−1. Additionally, kinetics and IUPAC methods were used to calculate E EO , which demonstrates that E EO increases from 1.54 to 8.02 kWh as MCPA concentration rises from 50 to 200 mg L−1. m− 3. In order to study intermediate products and the decomposition of MCPA, LC-MS was used and intermediates were detected include C 5 H 8 O 3 and C 5 H 10 O and C 6 H 8. These basic substances have a lot of potential to transform into carbon dioxide and water. Before treatment, the inhibition zone was 39 mm; after 30 min of reaction time, it decreased to 11.4 mm. The reduction in bacterial growth inhibition and intermediate production is evidence that the US process causes effluent environmental toxicity. The US process produces effluent toxicity to the environment, as evidenced by the decrease in bacterial growth inhibition and intermediates production. The US process produces decreasing effluent toxicity to the environment, as evidenced by the decrease in bacterial growth inhibition and intermediates production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the ways of linking physical objects to digital information relevant to chemical entities, specifically those that can be described by the use of the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI). It makes recommendations on the form of the computer readable components of labels provided for chemicals and materials that are used on product/sample containers and on the associated documentation that is used when transporting these containers (either internally or during export/import). The focus is on specification of the content of the 2D Quick Response bar codes required to describe the molecular content of the containers and link to digital resources to supplement that provided on a physical label. The necessary technical and (possible) business infrastructure necessary to support the use of the InChI and InChIKey for rapid recall of relevant information is considered here and suggestions are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We present a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for predicting the IUPAC name of a chemical from its standard International Chemical Identifier (InChI). The model uses two stacks of transformers in an encoder-decoder architecture, a setup similar to the neural networks used in state-of-the-art machine translation. Unlike neural machine translation, which usually tokenizes input and output into words or sub-words, our model processes the InChI and predicts the IUPAC name character by character. The model was trained on a dataset of 10 million InChI/IUPAC name pairs freely downloaded from the National Library of Medicine’s online PubChem service. Training took seven days on a Tesla K80 GPU, and the model achieved a test set accuracy of 91%. The model performed particularly well on organics, with the exception of macrocycles, and was comparable to commercial IUPAC name generation software. The predictions were less accurate for inorganic and organometallic compounds. This can be explained by inherent limitations of standard InChI for representing inorganics, as well as low coverage in the training data.

What summons this writing today is shedding light on my lifetime merits (Dr. Abeer Al-Bawab) leading up to becoming the first Jordanian woman to receive the IUPAC award. "I would like to say that I am the first Arab, but an Egyptian Academic Prof woman beat me to it". As an organization that has existed for 102 years and which oversees the discoveries of many chemical stories and research, including that of the Periodic Table and Avogadro numbers, IUPAC and its nominations are certainly not to be taken lightly. It is my honor to receive this award and be selected among a prestigious group of scientists to have received this award. It is my hope that this writing inspires other aspiring chemists and scientists. Finally, it is my hope that my story exemplifies that when you are equipped with a strong passion for science, no adversity can stand in the way of your success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Cheminformatics: data and standards; chemometrics; compression; data integrity; data standards; exchange formats; IUPAC; JCAMP-DX; reference data; spectroscopy; teaching; validation EN Cheminformatics: data and standards chemometrics compression data integrity data standards exchange formats IUPAC JCAMP-DX reference data spectroscopy teaching validation 705 723 19 08/09/22 20220601 NES 220601 Article note: A collection of invited papers on Cheminformatics: Data and Standards. Encoding data in a JCAMP-DX file The method of encoding data in a JCAMP-DX file can be as simple as a table of numbers, however, as discussed briefly above, there is an ingenious substitution encoding scheme which can deliver enormous benefits in file size reduction without any loss of data resolution - something close to the heart of every regulator. Depending on the encoding software, it is possible to produce data exchange files with no loss of data, and the compression algorithms used could often yield ASCII exchange files that were smaller than the original binary spectrometer files, again with no loss of data. 11: Data import into the unscrambler chemomteric data package from JCAMP-DX formatted spectra. [Extracted from the article]

In September 2021, Professor Douglas Morris Ruthven, one of the pioneers of sorption research, passed away completely unexpectedly. The many research areas he has enriched with his contributions include, in particular, the field of diffusion, i.e., the random movement of guest diffusion in nanoporous materials. When NMR diffusometry was first used to study this phenomenon almost half a century ago, discrepancies of up to several orders of magnitude were revealed compared to the values so far generally accepted. Since then, the study of diffusion in nanoporous materials has been a hot topic in sorption research. The essay reports the great merits Doug Ruthven has earned in his life's work in this field. His activities include the refinement of existing and the development of novel measuring techniques just as their application or revealing the governing processes of mass transfer in a given nanoporous host‐guest system. The essay is, above all, a personal thank you from the author to Professor Ruthven for whom initial discrepancies in research results were not cause for quarrels and arguing but for a lifelong friendship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background An inverted repeat is a DNA sequence followed downstream by its reverse complement, potentially with a gap in the centre. Inverted repeats are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and they have been linked with countless possible functions. Many international consortia provide a comprehensive description of common genetic variation making alternative sequence representations, such as IUPAC encoding, necessary for leveraging the full potential of such broad variation datasets. Results We present IUPACpal, an exact tool for efficient identification of inverted repeats in IUPAC-encoded DNA sequences allowing also for potential mismatches and gaps in the inverted repeats. Conclusion Within the parameters that were tested, our experimental results show that IUPACpal compares favourably to a similar application packaged with EMBOSS. We show that IUPACpal identifies many previously unidentified inverted repeats when compared with EMBOSS, and that this is also performed with orders of magnitude improved speed.

We present a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for predicting the IUPAC name of a chemical from its standard International Chemical Identifier (InChI). The model uses two stacks of transformers in an encoder-decoder architecture, a setup similar to the neural networks used in state-of-the-art machine translation. Unlike neural machine translation, which usually tokenizes input and output into words or sub-words, our model processes the InChI and predicts the IUPAC name character by character. The model was trained on a dataset of 10 million InChI/IUPAC name pairs freely downloaded from the National Library of Medicine's online PubChem service. Training took seven days on a Tesla K80 GPU, and the model achieved a test set accuracy of 91%. The model performed particularly well on organics, with the exception of macrocycles, and was comparable to commercial IUPAC name generation software. The predictions were less accurate for inorganic and organometallic compounds. This can be explained by inherent limitations of standard InChI for representing inorganics, as well as low coverage in the training data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choosing the right mentors and role models has a profound impact in both our lives and professional careers; however, most often, not enough time or thought is given to this important decision. Because of that, we may miss some great opportunities and limit the potential benefits. In this invited contribution, I share my personal experience on nurturing the relationship with mentors and on choosing role models with my same values and a strong sense of service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bidding farewell to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jens Weitkamp, we remember his many activities and his beneficial influence on the development of science, notably in the various fields of chemical technology and engineering. These activities include his engagement in support of the development of techniques dedicated to improvement of our understanding of the complex phenomenon of mass transfer in nanoporous materials, as both an ingenious scientist and a brilliant organizer and gifted leader of scientific alliances. The present contribution provides a brief introduction to the many facets of research in this field, with particular recognition of the most recent developments and Prof. Weitkamp's contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Em 2019, a União Internacional de Química Pura e Aplicada completou 100 anos e uma das comemorações foi o Global Women’s Breakfast, com o objetivo de dar visibilidade às mulheres da Química. O presente relato descreve como ocorreu o “Café da manhã com as Químicas da UFPR”. Realizado na Universidade Federal do Paraná, reuniu professoras, pesquisadoras, técnicas, alunas e demais pessoas interessadas em pautas feministas e Ciência, para conversar sobre desigualdade de gênero no campo da Química, machismo e maternidade. A iniciativa contou com a presença de mais de 150 participantes e gerou debates sobre as relações de gênero que permeiam a Química. O evento também proporcionou outras ações neste sentido, como a realização de outros eventos e projetos sobre a temática. Ao redor do mundo, a comemoração se deu em mais de 200 localidades e, devido ao seu alcance, a edição de 2021 já está sendo organizada.

Viral RNAs (either derived from DNA viruses and genomic/mRNAs of RNA viruses) produced and replicated in eukaryotic cells are exposed to the activity of host cell RNA modification machinery. Moreover, some complex viruses encode their own RNA modification enzymes, generally cap-related m7G-and 2'-O-methyltransferases whose expression allows specific modification of viral transcripts and modulation of viral RNA recognition by host restriction systems. Here we review current achievements in the detection of viral RNA modifications by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and deep sequencing-based approaches. The presence, origin and characterized functions of RNA modifications in viral RNAs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An inverted repeat is a DNA sequence followed downstream by its reverse complement, potentially with a gap in the centre. Inverted repeats are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and they have been linked with countless possible functions. Many international consortia provide a comprehensive description of common genetic variation making alternative sequence representations, such as IUPAC encoding, necessary for leveraging the full potential of such broad variation datasets. Results: We present IUPACpal, an exact tool for efficient identification of inverted repeats in IUPAC-encoded DNA sequences allowing also for potential mismatches and gaps in the inverted repeats. Conclusion: Within the parameters that were tested, our experimental results show that IUPACpal compares favourably to a similar application packaged with EMBOSS. We show that IUPACpal identifies many previously unidentified inverted repeats when compared with EMBOSS, and that this is also performed with orders of magnitude improved speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the international standards making body for chemistry whose goal is to create a standardized common language for the global chemistry community. The IUPAC governs the use and creation of names, symbols, and terminology. It also establishes criteria for the discovery of new elements and assesses discovery claims, develops of rules for naming new elements, and defines group numbering and collective names. Notably, the IUPAC does not recommend a specific form of the periodic table. This paper aims to explain why the IUPAC treats changes to the periodic table in a cautious manner by examining several occasions when they either changed nomenclature related to the elements or changed the periodic table. It shows that the negative reactions of chemical researchers to changes in nomenclature were relatively mild in comparison to those of chemical educators in the face of changes related to the periodic table.

Prethodne IUPAC-ove preporuke imenovanja (nomenklature) jednonitnih polimera na osnovi podrijetla (NOP) odnosile su se uglavnom na kopolimere, nelinearne polimere, združene polimere i generičke polimere. Pravila navedena u ovim preporukama omogućuju jasnije i preciznije imenovanje polimera na osnovi podrijetla, kako homopolimera tako i kopolimera. Prikazani sveobuhvatni sustav imenovanja polimera na osnovi podrijetla prihvatljiva je alternativa sustavu imenovanja polimera na osnovi strukture. Zbog raširene i česte uporabe dodatno su opisane i preporuke za uporabu uvriježenih imena polimera.

Adsorption cooling technologies driven by low-grade thermal or solar power are used as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Explicit understanding of the adsorption cycles requires precise determination of the performance parameters, replication of the experimental data, and the rigorous study of the adsorption heat transformation method. Hence, the optimum adsorption isotherms model must be identified. Scientists often face difficulties in selecting the suitable isotherm model as there are many models for a particular form of adsorption isotherm. The present study introduces a novel approach for choosing the optimal models for each type of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classified adsorption isotherm using robust statistical methods. First, the box-and-whisker plots of error identification are employed. Tóth for Type-I(a) and Type-I(b), modified BET for Type-II, GAB for Type-III, Universal for Type-IV(a), and Type-IV(b), Sun Chakrabarty for Type-V, and Yahia et al. for Type-VI were found lower than the other candidate models in box-and-whisker plot. The optimality of our selected models was further verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA), pairwise Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test, Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test, and pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum test. In short, rigorous statistical analysis was performed to identify the best model for each type of isotherm by minimizing error. Moreover, specific cooling effect (SCE) of Maxsorb III/ethanol and silica gel/water pairs were determined. Results showed that Tóth is the optimal isotherm model for the studied pairs, and the SCE values obtained from the model agree well with experimental data. The optimum isotherm model is indispensable for the precise designing of the next generation adsorption cooling cycles.

The ICGC-9 was organized by the Association of Greek Chemists (AGC) in collaboration with the IUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development (ICGCSD). Keywords: Green Chemistry; ICGC series; ICGC-9; IUPAC EN Green Chemistry ICGC series ICGC-9 IUPAC 463 464 2 07/14/23 20230501 NES 230501 The 9th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-9), took place in Athens, Greece, on 5th-9th September 2022 at Zappeion Megaron, offering the choice of virtual participation. Green Chemistry, ICGC-9, IUPAC, ICGC series. [Extracted from the article]

Highlights from the article: Most of the early periodic tables succeed in capturing periodicity in the most direct manner because they display the repetition of elements after eight elements (Figure). This issue is connected with the mounting debate over the elements that should be placed in group 3 of the periodic table and even more generally, the question of the more correct form of the periodic table. Nevertheless, there are several major international collaborations actively working to synthesize elements 119 and 120 and even beyond these.[11] As soon as element 121 is synthesized, and there is little doubt that this will happen, the periodic table would need to be expanded to include 50 columns, at least in principle. In addition to moving helium to group 2, one can also relocate the entire s-block of elements to the right edge of the periodic table to form what is usually called the left-step periodic table (Figure).

This paper provides a list of the most important terms from all areas of polymer science including polymer chemistry, polymer physics, polymer technology and polymer properties. These have been assembled into a representative list of terms that serves as an IUPAC recommended list of keywords for polymer science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IUPAC 100th anniversary will be celebrated in 2019 year all over the world by the chemistry community predominantly, like a globally-recognized authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology. In the view of the fact that this honoring is commemorated only once in time, the present announce reveals briefly how this organization works, its statue, structure and competence. The principal goal is to synopsize the overall mission of this so much acknowledged international union historically during one century under the key idea of creating a common language for chemistry and its long lasting impact [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history and the up-to-date status of the periodic table of the chemical elements are both examined. Only Mendeleev has been able to predict existence of new elements as well as to determine their chemical and physical characteristics. Later Antonius van den Broek and Henry Moseley have found that the chemical elements have been arranged in the Periodic Table according to their atomic number, not to their atomic mass as was the Mendeleev’s statement. The determination of the electronic configuration of the atoms has shown that the periodical change of the properties of the elements is due to the periodical change of their electronic configuration. The role of the IUPAC in the updating of the Periodic Table has been commented, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This IUPAC Technical Report describes and compares the currently applied methods for the calibration and standardization of multi-dimensional fluorescence (MDF) spectroscopy data as well as recommendations on the correct use of chemometric methods for MDF data analysis. The paper starts with a brief description of the measurement principles for the most important MDF techniques and a short introduction to the most important applications. Recommendations are provided for instrument calibration, sample preparation and handling, and data collection, as well as the proper use of chemometric data analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) thermometry sample is proposed. The 207 Pb NMR chemical shift of a lead halide perovskite, methylammonium lead chloride (MAPbCl 3 ) is very sensitive to temperature, 0.905 ± 0.010 ppm K −1 . The response to temperature is linear over a wide temperature range, from its tetragonal to cubic phase transition at 178 K to >410 K, making it an ideal standard for temperature calibrations in this range. Because the 207 Pb NMR lineshape for MAPbCl 3 appears symmetric, the sample is ideal for calibration of variable temperature NMR data acquired for spinning or non-spinning samples. A frequency-ratio method is proposed for referencing 207 Pb chemical shifts, based on the 1 H and 13 C frequencies of the methylammonium cation, which are used as an internal standard. Finally, this new NMR thermometer has been used to measure the degree of frictional heating as a function of spinning frequency for a series of MAS rotors ranging in outer diameter from 1.3 to 7.0 mm. As expected, the largest diameter rotors are more susceptible to frictional heating, but lower diameter rotors are subjected to higher frictional heating temperatures as they are typically spun at much higher spinning frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the fulfilment of the IUPAC criteria for the discovery of new elements, the priority for the discovery of element 113 has been judged to the RIKEN collaboration team in Japan, the priority for the discovery of elements 115 and 117 - to the Dubna - Livermore - Oak Ridge collaboration and the priority for the discovery of element 118 - to the Dubna - Livermore collaboration. The discoverers proposed names and symbols of the new elements: nihonium for element 113 (symbol Nh); moscovium for element 115 (symbol Mc); tennessine for element 117 (symbol Ts); oganesson for element 118 (symbol Og). After expert and public review, the proposed names and symbols have been approved. The translation of the elements names from English to Bulgarian was commented since direct translation is not always possible. After approval of the names of elements 113, 115, 117 and 118, the seventh period of the periodic table of the chemical elements is complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology relating to the structure and the morphology of crystalline polymers and the processes of polymer crystallization. They are applicable to cases where polymer crystals are a significant fraction of a system and primarily with crystal structures that are comprised of polymer chains with limited, static, or dynamic disorder. After some general definitions, terms pertaining to structural arrangements at subnanometric scales and to polymer crystal structures are defined. Terms relating to molecular conformation within polymer crystals, morphological aspects, and polymer crystallization are given in subsequent sections.

A large group of industrially important polymerization processes is carried out in dispersed systems. These processes differ with respect to their physical nature, mechanism of particle formation, particle morphology, size, charge, types of interparticle interactions, and many other aspects. Polymer dispersions, and polymers derived from polymerization in dispersed systems,are used in diverse areas such as paints, adhesives, microelectronics, medicine, cosmetics, biotechnology, and others. Frequently, the same names are used for different processes and products or different names are used for the same processes and products. The document contains a list of recommended terms and definitions necessary for the unambiguous description of processes, products, parameters, and characteristic features relevant to polymers in dispersed systems.

This IUPAC's document classifies 111 polymer classes into three groups according to their chemical structure and molecular architecture. For each class, its name, short definition, its characteristic structural feature, an example, and relations to other polymer classes, are given. As the first classification for numerous commonly used polymers (organic, inorganic, synthetic, natural) this document improves the knowledge and communication in the field.

This document defines terms related to the structure and processing of inorganic, polymeric, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials from precursors, through gels to solid products. It is divided into four sections – precursors, gels, solids, and processes – and the terms have been restricted to those most commonly encountered. For the sake of completeness and where they are already satisfactorily defined for the scope of this document, terms from other IUPAC publications have been used. Otherwise, the terms and their definitions have been assembled in consultation with experts in the relevant fields. The definitions are intended to assist the reader who is unfamiliar with sol-gel processing, ceramization, and related technologies and materials, and to serve as a guide to the use of standard terminology by those researching in these areas.

L’article presenta diversos recursos i activitats elaborats per l’autor que permeten treballar la formulació i nomenclatura de química inorgànica a les classes de química d’educació secundària i de batxillerat, seguint les darreres recomanacions de la IUPAC de l’any 2005.

In 2015, an International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Task Group was formed to develop nomenclature recommendations for homodetic cyclic peptides produced from ribosomal precursors. Delegates of the 2015 International Conference on Circular Proteins (ICCP) were presented with the strengths and weaknesses of four published approaches to homodetic cyclic peptide nomenclature, and a summary of the ensuing discussion is presented here. This interim report presents a potentially novel suggestion-the use of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules to specify amino acid priority in homodetic peptides for consistent numbering. Indeed, this might be the first extension of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules in five decades. The authors invite interested parties to contact the corresponding author with suggestions for the improvement of the proposed nomenclature; these ideas will be discussed and considered for inclusion in the final report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]