Search

Soil health is at the core of the sustainability agenda. As in many agroecosystems in the tropics, soil erosion is a major issue in poorly managed pasturelands. A noteworthy case is located in the Upper Taquari River Basin (UTRB), as part of the Upper Paraguay Basin on the plateau with drainage waters for the Taquari megafan in the Brazilian Pantanal. Here we combine slope (S-factor), erodibility (E-factor), rainfall-rainy day ratio (R-factor), and vegetation and soil indices (C-factor) to locate erosion risk and prioritize eco-engineering interventions via palisades and small dams in UTRB. The method consisted of assessing distinct weights between Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) factors in a GIS platform, providing 35 combinations of classes as low, moderate, high, and very high erosive risk. The validation of the method was based on the ravine and plain ground truths obtained from high-resolution raster data. The best weight of USLE factors aids to locate critical erosive sites and vegetation patterns. Then, erosion risk and interventions were analyzed according to land use and rural property sizes in the government?s Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) database. Overall, the natural factors of slope and erodibility in a proportion of 25% and 75% in GIS algebra provided the best mapping accuracy result. About 65% of the UTRB has high or very high erosion risks, and 70% of the available area can be acknowledged as degraded pasturelands. A total of 4744 erosion interventions were recorded, with an accuracy of 65.28% and 61.15% for check dams and palisades interventions, respectively. The number of necessary interventions in areas of native vegetation was almost 50% higher than in pasturelands. Even though micro landowners occupy most of the watershed, large properties have about ten times as many areas at high risk of erosion. The mutual cooperation between properties, independently of size, is supported by governmental public policies like incentives for ecosystem services restoration of critical gullies, with CAR compliance and fiscalization. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-26T13:10:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priority-setting-for-restoration-in-surrounding-2022.pdf: 9202980 bytes, checksum: faad32f91e7a38c058d29091b91af475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Shallow lakes in tropical floodplains provide significant ecosystem services that can be altered by natural and anthropogenic forces. Despite their importance, little is known about the infill patterns and timescales and the magnitude of these changes in tropical floodplain lakes. Here, we present a global meta-analysis of sediment core-derived accumulation rate data for shallow floodplain lakes in tropical lowlands to quantify the timescales of basin infill. Environmental variables (e.g., sediment accumulation rates, bathymetry, surface area) were compiled from the literature or derived from remote sensing imagery, resulting in a database (n = 76 lakes) that includes various lake morphologies. Our results show an exponential increase in sediment accumulation rates in many of these lakes over the past 50 years, which we interpret as a response to growing human populations and deforestation, particularly in topographically steep watersheds with pronounced seasonal rainfall. Over centennial periods, tropical floodplain lakes accumulate sediment faster than many other extratropical lakes. The dataset suggests that complete infill of some tropical floodplain lakes will occur in as little as a few centuries. Our findings also reveal the critical environmental and human factors that influence sediment accumulation patterns and affect ecosystem services in shallow tropical floodplain lakes. These findings have important implications for water and sediment management in low latitude watersheds, many of which are located in densely populated and/or developing nations. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-26T13:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sediment-Infill-of-Tropical-Floodplain-2022.pdf: 2517609 bytes, checksum: 6bc91753bdc7df5372a66592bcf02913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The environmental history of the central Pantanal wetlands of western Brazil is inferred for the last 19 kyrs based on a multi-indicator paleolimnological analysis of a sediment core from Lake Negra. The core, dated by 14C and OSL, shows variations in the abundance, diversity, and preservation of sponge spicules and phytoliths through time, consistent with changing aquatic environments. In the late Pleistocene, Lake Negra was influenced by a strong monsoon and fluvial depositional processes, whereas in the Holocene, there was a drier interval where the lake was more isolated on the floodplain. Hiatuses in the stratigraphy resulted from both wet and dry conditions, through fluvial channel scour or subaerial exposure of the lake floor, respectively. Data suggest that floodplain lakes in the Pantanal wetlands and similar riverine wetlands respond in a complex and, at times, indirect manner to climate change, and the dynamics of the adjacent fluvial system must be accounted for when interpreting paleohydrology and vegetation patterns. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-26T00:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spongespiculeandphytolith2019.pdf: 4067671 bytes, checksum: 5caced2646298e03d3b5b5e1a77f9810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Resumo: O acelerado crescimento populacional e urbano nas últimas décadas intensificou a necessidade de pesquisas sobre o ecossistema urbano e os serviços por ele oferecidos, visando ao bem-estar da população urbana por meio da conservação da natureza. O reconhecimento dos serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pelos Espaços Verdes Urbanos (EVUs) pode subsidiar a tomada de decisão para que as cidades promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável, conservando e/ou restaurando os serviços ecossistêmicos e a biodiversidade, para que a vida das pessoas nas cidades seja viável diante dos desafios impostos pelas mudanças climáticas. Este artigo tem por objetivo principal avaliar como os serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pelos EVUs estão sendo abordados no meio científico. Realizou-se um levantamento cienciométrico e, posteriormente, uma análise bibliográfica dos principais artigos para avaliar o conhecimento científico atual, as principais limitações teóricas e as lacunas e oportunidades para avanços no conhecimento sobre o tema. Os resultados apontam que as pesquisas dos serviços ecossistêmicos em EVUs foram intensificadas a partir de 2005 e apresentaram uma taxa exponencial de crescimento de 30% ao ano, particularmente nos países mais desenvolvidos. A análise bibliográfica aponta que os serviços ecossistêmicos reguladores e culturais no contexto urbano são aqueles de maior importância, e que são necessárias novas metodologias para avaliar e eventualmente precificar esses serviços. Abstract: The accelerated urban and population growth in the last decades has intensified the need for research about urban ecosystem and their services associated with the urban population’s well-being through nature conservation. The acknowledgment of ecosystem services provided by Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) can support decision-making to promote urban sustainable development, therefore conserving and/or restoring ecosystem services and biodiversity aiming to adapt urban people to the forthcoming challenges of climate change. This article aims to assess how ecosystem services provided by UGSs have been evolved in the scientific community. A scientometric survey and a bibliographical analysis of the main articles helped to assess the current scientific knowledge, the main theoretical limitations and gaps, as well as the opportunities for advancing the knowledge on this subject. Results indicate that researches on ecosystem services in UGSs increased since 2005 at an annual exponential growth rate of 30%, especially in more developed countries. Bibliographical analysis points out that both regulatory and cultural ecosystem services in urban context are those which has been attributed higher importance, and that new methodologies are necessary to assess and possibly to value these services. Resumen: La población acelerada y el crecimiento urbano en las últimas décadas intensificaron la necesidad de la investigación sobre el ecosistema urbano y los servicios por ello proporcionados, teniendo como objetivo el bienestar de la población urbana por medio de la conservación de la naturaleza. El reconocimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos proveídos por Espacios Verdes Urbanos (EVUs) puede subvencionar la toma de decisión de modo que las ciudades promuevan el desarrollo sostenible, la conservación y/o la restauración de los servicios ecosistémicos de la biodiversidad, de modo que la vida de la gente en las ciudades sea viable delante de los desafíos impuestos por los cambios climáticos. Este artículo tiene como el objetivo principal evaluar como los servicios ecosistémicos proveídos por el EVU están siendo abordados en el medio científico. Se realizó una encuesta sobre el cienciometrico y, después, un análisis bibliográfico de los principales artículos para evaluar más adelante el conocimiento científico actual, las limitaciones teóricas principales, los huecos y las ocasiones para los avances en el conocimiento en el tema. Los resultados señalan más que la investigación de los servicios ecosistémicos en EVUs había sido intensificada a partir de 2005 y había presentado un impuesto exponencial del crecimiento en el 30% al año, particularmente en los países desarrollados. El análisis bibliográfico señala que los servicios ecosistémicos regulatorios y culturales en el contexto urbano son los de mayor importancia, y que son necesarias nuevas metodologías para evaluar y eventualmente, cotizar estos servicios..

Further studies on the ecological conditions in the southern Pantanal revealed the need for expansions of the classification system to include additional macrohabitats specific to the region. Here we present a complete classification system of the macrohabitats of the entire Brazilian Pantanal and discuss its implications for scientific studies and public policies related to sustainable management and protection. Cap. 7.

Multidisciplinary scientific organizations have sought to face the challenges of digital transformation through new govern-ance models that optimize network collaboration and innovation. We studied the collaboration network from the long-term coauthoring system of a Brazilian multidisciplinary organization (Embrapa). The study shows that nodes degree distribution of the network is scale free and degree correlation analysis suggests a disassortative regime from competition and minimal but sufficient control that emerges as a hub-and-spoke pattern. The jobs of controller and researcher are twice as many occupied by males, except for the jobs of analyst, who act like network gatekeeper. With the largest number of individuals in productunits, the southern region of the country is more likely to form clusters. Alternatively, hubs in thematic and ecoregionalunits in the Midwest have greater gravitational attraction, positioning themselves in the inner core of the giant component. The optimization of innovation by the organization should combine greater individual autonomy through improved human capital, with a universal labeling of units as, for instance, centers of innovation. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T02:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bergier2020-Article-ScientificCollaborationInAMult.pdf: 1848720 bytes, checksum: 85cabc2e7d621df4c5674f91f53eb0c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The Pantanal is the most conserved biome in Brazil and among the last wild refuges in South America, but intensification of agriculture and other land use changes present challenges for protecting this exceptionally biodiverse wetland ecosystem. m. Recent studies have shed new light on the origins and biogeochemistry of a suite of >600 small saline-alkaline lakes in Nhecolândia, a floodplain setting located south ofthe Taquari River in south-central Pantanal. These soda lakes form a unique aquatic environment in Pantanal and nascent research on their geomicrobiology suggests that their biota may be analogous to early life, and extreme life in Earth?s deep biosphere. We argue that the conservation of the soda lakes in the lower Nhecolândia region should be an important strategic component of any conservation plan that aims to mitigate the advance of unsustainable land-use change in the Pantanal. Soda lake conservation has important implications for the carbon cycle, as these landforms sequester carbon dioxide and transmit considerably lower concentrations of methane in comparison to macrophyte-rich freshwater lakes in the region. Further, minerals precipitated in the saline-alkaline lakes are leveraged for cattle consumption, and therefore the continued presence of the lakes is critical for allowing pantaneiro ranchers to pursue certified organic, sustainable beef production systems. Beyond protecting soda lakes and their surrounding forests (mata de cordilheiras) for food systems security, the conservation strategy would also allow further research of little studied extremophile biodiversity and biogeochemistry, with potential for biotechnological innovations attendant to UN Sustainable Development Goals. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-26T00:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThesodalakesNhecolandia2019.pdf: 3939848 bytes, checksum: 11e2681e26fc1e0d00afe58641bff8b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Water storage in a drainage basin determines its water security. The quantity of water retained in the watershed can be measured by means of the water balance calculation. This balance can be defined by the input of water subtracted from the outputs. Howev er, for the Pantanal, the measurements of water inlet and outlet are expensive, which makes the use of remote sensing data a high impact tool with clear socioeconomic advantages. Studies of water availability with orbital sensors are relatively scarce in the Upper Paraguay Basin (BAP). This work is an attempt to estimate the BAP water balance using rainfall and evapotranspiration remote sensing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the MODIS Global Evapotranspiration Project (MOD16), respectively. The results indicate that BAP had an annual surplus of water between 2000 and 2014, though water parameters seem weakly correlated at annual basis. However, there may be atmospheric-climatic phenomena that maximize the correlation between the hydrological parameters and the temperature anomaly with delays of 2 to 5 years, suggesting lagged teleconnections with QBO and ENSO. RESUMO: O armazenamento de água de uma bacia de drenagem determina a sua segurança hídrica. A quantidade de água retida na bacia pode ser medida por meio do cálculo do balanço hídrico, definido pelas entradas de água subtraída das saídas. As medidas hídricas de entrada e saída em uma bacia de drenagem são onerosas, o que torna o uso de dados de sensoriamento remoto uma ferramenta de grande impacto socioeconômico para fins de gestão. Somado a isto, tem-se que estudos de disponibilidade hídrica com sensores orbitais são relativamente escassos para a Bacia do Alto Paraguai (BAP). Dessa forma, a partir do processamento de dados de precipitação do Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) e de evapotranspiração do MODIS Global Evapotranspiration Project (MOD16), o presente trabalho traz uma estimativa do balanço hídrico da BAP com sensores orbitais. Os resultados indicam que a BAP apresentou um superávit hídrico anual entre 2000 e 2014, muito embora os parâmetros hídricos anuais sejam pouco correlacionados. No entanto, parece haver fenômenos atmosféricos-climáticos que maximizam a correlação entre os parâmetros hidrológicos e a anomalia de temperatura com atrasos de 2 a 5 anos, presumivelmente via teleconexões climáticas defasadas com QBO e ENSO. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-18T00:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WaterbalanceoftheupperParaguay2019.pdf: 1902495 bytes, checksum: bc60400bcde568db6a53932c0fe36a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Resumo: O Projeto Mais Precoce é constituído por dois projetos executados por uma equipe de pesquisadores da Embrapa em parceria com outras instituições como Universidades e Associações. O primeiro projeto, denominado Mais Cria, é liderado pela Embrapa Pantanal, com objetivo de aumentar a produção e produtividade de bezerros, visto que a região é caracterizada como 'matrizeiro' (produção de bezerros que serão vendidos para o Planalto). O segundo projeto, denominado Mais Engorda, é liderado pela Embrapa Gado de Corte, com objetivo de receber os bezerros de diferentes sistemas, inclusive do Pantanal, e levá-los até a terminação, comparando sistemas e custos de produção. Executado desde 2014 pelos pesquisadores, a proposta busca alinhar-se aos problemas enfrentados pela cadeia do novilho precoce, um programa estadual Precoce MS, que serve de incentivo à produção no novilho precoce. Os produtores aprovados no programa recebem isenção do Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS) de 16% a 67% do valor total pago sobre os animais. As bonificações são concedidas com base em critérios que avaliam fatores como o processo produtivo e a tipificação da carcaça. Por isso reproduzir/produzir animais bem avaliados é o começo para o produtor rural poder se inscrever no programa de incentivo fiscal, além de ter que atender a critérios como estar com as obrigações fiscais, tributárias, sanitárias, trabalhistas da fazenda regularizadas e possuir um responsável técnico pela propriedade. O foco desta revisão será o projeto Mais Cria, visto que o mesmo contempla vários experimentos de reprodução animal. Abstract: Mais Precoce consists of two projects executed by Embrapa researchers in partnership with other institutions, such as Universities, and Associations. The first project, denominated Mais Cria, is conducted by Embrapa Pantanal, with the objective of increasing the production and productivity of calves, because the region is characterized as "matrizeiro" (production of calves). The second project, denominated Mais Engorda, is conduct by Embrapa Gado de Corte, to receive calves from different systems, including the Pantanal, and bring them to completion, comparing systems and production costs. Executed since 2014, the proposal seeks to align itself with the problems faced by the precocious steer chain, a state program MS Precoce, which serves as an incentive to the production in the precocious steer. Producers approved in the program receive exemption from the Tax on Circulation of Services and Goods (ICMS) from 16% to 67% of the total value paid on the animals. Bonuses are granted based on criteria that assess factors such as the production process and the carcass typing. So reproducing / producing well-evaluated animals is the beginning for the rural producer to be able to enroll in the fiscal incentive program, in addition to having to meet criteria such as being taxed, tax, sanitary, farm labor regularized and have a technician responsible property. The focus of this review will be Mais Cria project, since it contemplates several experiments of animal reproduction. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-18T09:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Projeto-maisprecoce-2019.pdf: 293621 bytes, checksum: ab9af73957b47bc08fb122212f2c2770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Anais do XXIII Congresso Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal (CBRA-2019); Gramado, RS, 15 a 17 de maio de 2019.

Bovine livestock is a major anthropogenic greenhouse gas source via entericmethane. Brazilian bovine livestock is also responsible for emissions from land-use changes. In contrast, enteric emissions from extensive cattle systems in wetlands might have been overestimated.We provide scientific evidences that the human footprint of bovine products delivered by the Pantanal can be much lower. To assess this, a historical cloud-free imagery of the Landsat-5, spanning 26 years, were processed for mapping spatiotemporal landscapes in a Pantanal farm under cattle intensification studies. Eight landscape categories were identified according to spatiotemporal dynamics of interannual floods. The spatiotemporal map allowed in the field the adoption of stratified randomsamplings of chamber gas fluxes. The combination of stratified sampled landscapes with Monte Carlo simulations of measured methane emissions in wet and dry soils permitted to integrate landscapes emissions at annual basis with biased uncertainties. Assuming enteric emissions obtained for the Pantanal region, our results suggest that the landscapes methane emissions are 10- to 23-fold superior than the enteric emissions of traditional bovine systems. While enteric emissions seem negligible with respect to net farmland emissions, cattle livestock provide important environmental services like carbon recycling through non-competing herbivory. Moreover, cattlemight be making use of a biomass thatwould undergo decomposition during the flooding phase. Our analysis thus indicate that enteric emissions from traditional bovine systems in flooding farmlands could be considered neutral. By contrast, intensification to improve the stocking rate should be accounted as net anthropogenic emissions. A case study of intensification allowed an increase of 48% in the stocking rate,which is associatedwith net anthropogenic emissions from534 bovine animals or about 27 to 63Mg of enteric CH4 per year. In short, the competition between traditional and distinct levels of cattle intensification will result from a trade-off between public policies and strategic market niches (organic, sustainable) for the optimal landscape management of the Pantanal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-27T23:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Couldbovinelivestockintensification.pdf: 3043879 bytes, checksum: c72ee9f22cf657e2539cc7582797a1a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-27

O Pantanal é uma ampla planície interior, no alto curso do rio Paraguai, com inundações anuais e grande diversidade biológica, ecológica e de paisagens. Abrange terras úmidas abaixo da cota altimétrica de 200 metros, mas seus limites variam em diferentes publicações e relatórios. Como consequência, variam também a extensão de sua área geográfica e a avaliação dos impactos causados por atividades humanas. A planície é heterogênea, não só em sua geografia, mas também na frequência e magnitude das inundações. Muitas áreas permanecem inundadas durante todo o ano, enquanto outras experimentam inundações de duração variável. Por isso, há referências a vários pantanais ao invés de um só. Tal pluralidade deu ensejo a tentativas de classificar e subdividir o Pantanal com base em diversos critérios físicos e bióticos, incluindo relevo, solo, hidrologia e vegetação.

Publicado também em: Bonito notícias, Bonito, 27 de jun 2017.

Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change has been partially attributed to agricultural expansion by deforestation, while the pressure to assure food, fiber and energy for the future generations leads to the intensification of agricultural systems. The transition to more efficient systems is actually considered an important strategy to reduce deforestation and to spare land for other uses, including the recovery of environmental services and ecohydrological processes in the drainage basin such as carbon sink and water regulation. The Brazilian Federal Program for Low Carbon Agriculture (ABC Program) intends to reduce carbon emissions by stimulating technological processes that neutralize emissions or enhance the sinking of greenhouse gases. A pilot farm has been established to assess an intensive animal-plant farming system that incorporates anaerobic digestion for biogas, power generation and organic fertilizer production. Emergy Synthesis was chosen as a methodological tool to assess and to diagnosis the farm system design. The modified emergy assessment including externalities (greenhouse gas emissions) improves the understanding of integrated crop?livestock systems efficiency in internal recycling of nutrients and power conversion. The adoption of manure treatment in intensified agricultural systems can effectively contribute to enhance environmental and economic performances. Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-13T05:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4286.pdf: 2662908 bytes, checksum: de90527d849d2e99f359ca7faa7e1366 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-19

Edição dos abstracts do 24º IUFRO World Congress, 2014, Salt Lake City. Sustaining forests, sustaining people: the role of research.