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76 patients with severe venous insufficiency (CVI) entered the study. All the patients received 500 mg of Detralex twice daily for 2 months. The drug was well tolerated and relieved CVI symptoms in the majority of cases.

The work analyzes the results of study of lipid metabolism in 53 patients who underwent operation for pancreatogenic peritonitis. The blood for the test was collected from the portal vein, the hepatic vein, and the aorta which made it possible to appraise metabolism in the liver according to the "entry-exit" blood flow system. It is shown that due to pancreatogenic toxemia, toxemic hepatocytic dyslipoproteinemia develops in patients with pancreonecrosis and persists in the late period. As a consequence of such a condition of lipid metabolism, early atherosclerotic damages to the arteries of the heart and brain and the peripheral arteries occur in patients after pancreonecrosis. The fate of patients was studied 8-10 years after the operation. The nature of atherosclerotic manifestations of toxemic hepatocytic dyslipoproteinemia in the late period after recovery from destructive pancreatitis was determined on the basis of study of central and peripheral hemodynamics.

Analyzing the world's experience in the surgical management of hyperlipidemias and their own results, the authors make an assessment of Buchwald's operation used in the surgery for atherosclerosis obliterans. The major disadvantage of partial ileac bypass is that there is no prognosis of the operation and its complication. Based on the pathophysiological mechanisms of implementation of Buchwald's operation, the authors have developed a mode of pharmacological simulation of a partial bypass which allows one to predict the effect of the impending intervention and to avoid unjustified operations. The unique procedure also enables the indications for simultaneous interventions to be defined. Ten partial ileac bypass surgeries made by the authors are comprehensively analyzed. Taking into account, the authors propose to choose a treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis on an individual basis and to do away with the routine indications for partial ileac bypass surgery.

The article analyses the efficacy of rehabilitation measures after implantation of a REPTELA cava-filter in 750 patients in the immediate postimplantation period and in 400 patients in late-term periods of up to 8 years. The average duration of the hospital stage of rehabilitation was 45 days for patients with thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and 22 days for those without this condition. The application of a complex of rehabilitation measures makes it possible to restore the working capacity of 78.5% of patients with an implanted REPTELA cava-filter.

The article is based on study of the immediate results of REPTELA cava-filter implantation in 750 patients and the late-term results in 400 patients. The incidence of the complications is low. Hematoma at the site of subclavian vein puncture developed in 1.6%, retroperitoneal hematomas in 0.1%, migration of the cava-filter occurred in 0.9% of cases. The main causes of the complications are linked with improper methods of implantation of the cava-filter.

The condition of the inferior vena cava system was studied in 597 patients after percutaneous implantation of the antiembolic cava-filter on the basis of the clinical findings and results of angiographic and pathoanatomical examination. The patency of the inferior vena cava was found to be maintained in the immediate postimplantation period in most patients. The causes of occlusion of the inferior vena cava in 10% of cases (according to the clinical findings) were embolic occlusion of the cava-filter and ascending thrombosis of the iliocaval segment.

Experience in clinical application of the new antiembolic REPTELA cava-filter is generalized. The immediate (750 patients) and late-term results (400 patients) of implantation of the filter are discussed. Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery was encountered in the postimplantation period in 1.2% of patients with 0.2% lethality. Technical faults of implantation were the causes of antiembolic inefficacy of the cava-filter.

By the method of ultrasound scanning, 56 patients were examined at the early and 115 patients at the late period after the percutaneous implantation of a cava-filter. Ultrasound scanning was performed in the cross and longitudinal section planes. In 28 patients, the embolic occlusion of the cava-filter was revealed, in 19-thrombosis of infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC). Neither migration of the cava-filter, nor damage to the IVC wall was revealed. Ultrasound scanning permits to define the thickness of the IVC wall at the zone of the implanted filter.

The study of rheological properties of the blood in 115 patients with acute venous thrombosis showed that in 73% of cases haemorheological disorders participate in the pathogenesis of the thrombus formation, in 27% the disease runs a course with the normal rheological characteristics of the blood. The increase of the blood viscosity in venous thrombosis has a multifactorial character and depends on the degree of aggregation of the erythrocytes the cell Z-potential, dys- and hyperproteinaemia. In this respect it is essential to approach the problem differentially to correct haemorheological disturbances and disorders of the coagulation system of the blood in patients with venous thrombosis.

The article deals with chronic pulmonary hypertension consequent upon thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. From experience gained in the treatment of 15 patients 4 of whom underwent operation, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension.

107 patients were explored using a radioisotope method. An acute thrombosis of the lower extremities veins postoperatively developed in 71 of them (66.3%). The radioisotope method is considered to be a simple and safe method for early diagnosis of the postoperative venous thrombosis.

Ultrasonic scanning was used in 115 patients with suspected occlusion of vena cava inferior. Details of ultrasonic diagnosis of non-occlusive and occlusive thrombosis of vena cava inferior and vena cava compression from the outside, monitoring of the thrombosed vena cava and the antiembolic cava filter are discussed.

It is stated that latent spread of thrombosis in v. saphena magna in proximal direction is observed in 37--40%. Radioisotope technic was employed to indicate the level of thrombus. The operative technic is described.

Analysis of the results of using fibrinolysis activators in 196 patients with massive embolism of the pulmonary arteries was undertaken to choose the optimum method of thrombolytic therapy. High doses of fibrinolysis activators (from 5,000,000 to 7,000,000 U) were used in 127 cases and low doses (from 125,000 to 3,000,000 U) in combination with heparin and disaggregating agents in the remaining 69 cases. A cava-filter was implanted in 161 patients before beginning treatment. Obvious advantages of thrombolytic therapy of massive pulmonary embolism with high doses of fibrinolysis activators were revealed in the process of treatment. They consist in quicker restoration of continuity of the pulmonary arteries, which leads to rapid removal of hypertension in pulmonary circulation and reduction of the number of deaths from acute cardiopulmonary failure. Treatment with such doses does not lead to an increase of the number of hemorrhagic complications, which makes possible surgical prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism by cava-filter implantation.

The study is based on data of radiopaque investigation of pulmonary vessels in 400 patients with pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. A retrospective assessment of noncontrast chest roentgenograms was carried out in 200 of those. Conventional pulmonary roentgenology was shown to be a fairly unreliable tool of the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism owing to low specificity of the symptoms. Only arterial filling defects and "amputations" may be regarded as specific angiographic signs of thromboembolism. The value of indirect angiographic symptoms was demonstrated. Angiographic semiotics of embolism was studied with reference to the duration of the affection. Vascular filling defects and stenoses are angiographic markers of prolonged presence of thromboemboli in pulmonary arteries.

The article is based on the analysis of 11 implantations of intravenous filters in 108 patients. The results of iliocavagraphy, perfision scanning of lungs and angiopulmonography were used in addition to clinical data. The authors arrive at a conclusion that the implantation of the intravenous filter is an effective and safe method for the surgical prevention of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. It was noted that in the postoperative period there appeared an occlusion of the iliocaval segment resulting from embolic closure of the filter or the development of distal occlusing thrombosis.