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The study used an asymmetric ARDL model to analyse the asymmetric (positive and negative shocks) impact of foreign direct investment, personal remittances, total reserves, gross savings, and information and communication technology on economic growth in Pakistan from 1976 to 2019. The short-run and long-run results of the asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag approach show that total reserves have a negative and non-significant influence on Pakistan's economic growth. Similarly, the results of asymmetric ARDL show that positive shocks in personal remittances have a positive and significant influence on Pakistan's economic growth, but negative shocks have a negative and non-significant impact in both the long-run and short-run. The findings of the gross savings show that a positive shock has a favourable and non-significant impact on economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. The investigated outcomes of foreign direct investment show that positive shocks have a detrimental and considerable impact on the economy of Pakistan in both the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, information and communication technology has a negative impact on economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. The government of Pakistan may adopt better policies to build the country's infrastructure by employing foreign investment more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Europe 2020 strategy is the EU strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth, for fighting the structural weaknesses of the European economies, and for improving their competitiveness. In this paper, we determined the most important ratios of the Europe 2020 Strategy impacting on economic performance expressed as the growth of the GDP per capita, and on economic competitiveness expressed as the share of the countries’ exports in total world exports for some selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Romania) using co-integration tests and OLS panel estimations with a dataset between 2004 (after four of these selected countries acceded to EU) and 2015 (the latest available data for all the ratios we used in our analysis). Our findings show that the tertiary level of education is the most important factor, positively correlated with both endogenous variables mentioned above. Other important factors for achieving the economic performance and competitiveness goals are the school dropout ratio, the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption, and the employment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important factor, having the greatest influence on management, goes to communication. Without this feature, management cannot work in any domain. Due to the development of management, communication acquired new forms, corresponding to management, shaping the concept of managerial communication. At the same time, any experienced manager needs to approach a certain type of communication efficient in the management process. A good example of relation between management and communication would be the interaction of the manager of an organization, both with the internal and with the external environment. When we say the external environment we refer to collaborators, clients or possible negotiations the organization can have with them. Both on the managerial level and internally, communication has a positive and efficient influence on the way the organization develops its activity. Managerial communication is valid and largely used by the individuals operating in the managerial department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redefining the organization to survive and thrive in a digital world explores how technology advances greatly transform business expectations. Technology is the main catalyst for interaction between organizations and stakeholders, mainly through the use of a diverse range of digital technologies as a tool for communicating, networking and increasing the organization's performance. The speed of technological change is becoming an increasingly important concern for companies' managers, as evidenced by the steady increase in the percentage of respondents who consider it a threat to development prospects. This paper brings back the global mega-trends that will reshape the business environment, highlighting the major impact technology will have on redefining the successful organization of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating and developing a successful business is a complex process. The latter involves the activation of a set of ideas and principles oriented towards decision-making and action, whose purpose will later influence the prospects of present and future business development. Besides other aspects, the success of a business is, in our opinion, closely related to the way the communication component is activated. Our research aims to challenge the approach of communication from a managerial perspective, where the focus is on how entrepreneurial communication influences organizational behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, environment protection gained much more significance in designing the economic policies in the European Union (EU) countries. There are many economic and policy differences between the European countries, despite of the harmonization process inside the EU area. The path of implementation of the environmental tax reforms in the EU countries differs greatly from one country to another and the effects of such taxation in the economic and environmental areas are manifold. The authors of this paper have agreed to undertake the task of testing the double dividend hypothesis of the environmental taxation in Romania (an energy-intensive country) versus the EU area as a whole, using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimations. Our findings show that this hypothesis is validated neither in Romania (in the economic growth area) nor in the EU area as a whole (in the unemployment area). Therefore, Romania cannot increase the level of the environmental tax for supporting economic growth, but it can grant environmental subsidies for decreasing the emissions and supporting the economic growth. This could be achieved by expanding the tax labor base and by collecting higher budgetary revenues to sustain such environmental subsidies. As far as the EU area is concerned, it is a necessary measure to continue the descending trend for the labor taxation to achieve the goal of improving the employment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate image is closely related to the efficiency of institutional communication, since a company's strategy needs to aim to justify its involvement in the problems of the society. There are situations when it is necessary to remove an unconvincing corporate image, consequence of the existence of interest conflicts at the internal level, based on manipulation by means of the image. At the institutional level, ample modifications can occur, this fact being also due to a radical change of image which can affect the perception of the social responsibility degree. Within institutional communication, the company's strategic management needs to be turned towards combining corporate image with social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) are essential in today's education. The strong presence of the new technologies in the educational context continues to increase exponentially and has advantages and challenges, and ought to lead to the approach of new problems for the benefit of all the parties involved in the educational process. This work is focused on the study of the use and impact of NICT on teaching, learning and developing skills in the education institutions, and on the approach of the present educational problems for which NICT plays or might play a special role. At the same time, this paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of NICT and social media in the educational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has turned the new information and communication technologies (NICT) into an important engine of our daily life and of the economic activity, having a strategic role in the world development and an enormous potential to modernize and increase the performance of the management system in organizations. Indeed, according to the studies of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), information and communication technologies (ICT) seem to be an important factor in the increase of organizational performance. Therefore, in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage, it is necessary to invest in NICT. Whatever the opportunities, but also the risks for the companies, the adoption of NICT has become inevitable, the main challenge being the modality of combining the risks with the opportunities leading to development and profitability for the company. The use of NICT leads to the increase of the employees' performance and implicitly to the increase of the organizational performance as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate image building is a long and continually evolving process. The result of the information published via the media and of that obtained by advertising, the relations it has with the local power and community lead to the shaping of the corporate image. At the same time, corporate image is also built by the satisfaction obtained by the external corporate public in the domain of the use of products and services offered by it. The image has par excellence a subjective and psychological character. This aspect of corporate imagology is not situated on the level of the firm, but rather manifests itself on the level of the individuals, of the representations formed in their mind, as consumers of the corporate products/services. Consequently, at the basis of the construction of the corporate image, reputation and even notoriety there must be communication [Hristache and all, 2009]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to sell an image it is necessary to define it first, then to diffuse it, to consolidate it and to renew it permanently. Public relations are a form of institutional communication - being an element of persuasion mandated to influence opinions, attitudes and beliefs of consumers in order to sell the reputation of the institution. Public relations develop an atmosphere of sympathy based on knowledge, understanding and credibility of the organization. If the public image can be built, it is more difficult to control it in the social environment. If an institution or organization has the ability to create an image and direct it in a favorable direction for itself however it cannot have total control over the received image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European forests have an essential contribution to the economic growth and improvement of the standard of living. Well-managed forests are the lungs of the natural, balanced and healthy environments and ecosystems. Multiple political objectives coexist in the forestry sector of the European Union. On the one hand, the forests and the forestry industries offer millions of jobs and contribute to our prosperity especially in the rural areas, and on the other hand they are essential to reach our environmental goals and to respect our international commitments associated to them, especially those concerning the biodiversity preservation, the attenuation of the climate changes, the conservation of the water resources and the fight against soil erosion and desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chosen topic represents a return in the past to a very important process that has brought great changes worldwide, namely sustainable development, and a short characterization of this process that we have been faced with for quite a while. The sustainable development theory is relatively new and still being shaped. The concept of sustainable development has been born in time, during several decennia, through serious international scientific debates and has acquired precise political relations in the globalization domain as well. The present paper offers information both on the sustainable development realized in Romania and on the problems the whole nation is faced with in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution in a direct sales system is carried out using its specific channels, from person to person or from producer directly to the consumer, instead of being carried out classically by shops. Network marketing represents the main force of the direct sales, as it relies on the use of a network marketing system, made up of independent enterprising people to find consumers and to move the products towards the clients. From the perspective of the consumption goods distributed, most companies produce their own products or at least control their production. Given the specifics of distribution, the road between the production place and the consumer is shortened, through the creation of a relation producer-distributer-consumer or producer-consumer, which facilitates the possibility of a fast reaction to the consumer's desires. The demand and the offer take on specific forms, advantaged by the closer and more personalized contact between consumer and producer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permanent concern for an adequate management of everything and the general interest in life on our planet should first of all be the feature of the scientific and academic elite, who has the duty not just to provide scientific arguments but also to contribute to make things right, convincing the civil society and consequently the political leadership, who is generally less engaged in long-term projects going beyond the electoral cycles. Borrowing from ecology the theory concerning population dynamics, which shows that peaks, namely plus variants are those that carry on the populations towards harmony with the habitats and numeric and structural balances, the scientific and academic environment should be responsible for the future of our planet, for the green rebalancing, for the peace of the earth, for the stability of the people on their carefully preserved and managed land. This is why the problems of the natural ecosystems, of the environment in general, are not just forestry or agriculture or general / applied ecology issues; on the contrary, they are global problems that have to be brought as main concerns in front of planetary forums such as UN, WHO, FAO etc., international courts such as the environmental courts or the European Court of Human Rights, and state unions or regional and global conventions and conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]