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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a pathological process characterized by the formation of fibrotic membranes that contract and lead to recurrent retinal detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is the primary treatment, but recurrence rates remain high, as surgery does not address the underlying molecular mechanisms driving fibrosis. Despite several proposed pharmacological interventions, no approved therapies exist, partly due to challenges in conducting preclinical and in vivo studies for ethical and safety reasons. This review explores the potential of computational models and Digital Twins, which are increasingly gaining attention in medicine. These tools could enable the development of progressively complex PVR models, from basic simulations to patient-specific Digital Twins. Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGFR, VEGFR, and FGFR, is presented as a prototype for computational models to simulate its effects on fibrotic pathways in virtual patient cohorts. Although still in its early stages, the integration of computational models and Digital Twins offers promising avenues for improving PVR management through more personalized therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional prognosis of patients with retinal detachment (RD) secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: This retrospective case series included 21 eyes from 21 patients with RD secondary to ARN. The study analyzed vitreous or aqueous biopsy results, the impact of antiviral therapy, time to retinal detachment, changes in visual acuity (VA), and anatomical and surgical outcomes. All cases underwent 23-gauge PPV with silicone oil tamponade, and an episcleral encircling band was used in 11 cases. All patients received systemic antiviral therapy at diagnosis. Results: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 91% of cases during follow-up, with an average follow-up period of 39.5 ± 36.8 months. The average time from ARN diagnosis to RD onset was 33.3 ± 27.5 days. VZV was detected in 10 eyes through PCR analysis. Significant differences in visual prognosis were found between macula-off and macula-on RD (p = 0.048). Eyes with optic nerve head inflammation had worse final VA (p = 0.010). No significant difference was observed between preoperative VA and VA at the end of follow-up (p = 0.665). Conclusions: VZV was the primary virus associated with ARN-related RD. Early involvement of the macula and optic nerve in retinitis negatively impacted the final visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report a case of choroidal effusion and exudative retinal detachment following a non perforating Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnett (YAG)-laser iridotomy. Case report. A 53-year-old woman complains of sudden onset of blurred vision in her left eye 15 days after the attempt of YAG-laser peripheral iridotomy. Clinical examination revealed 3+ flare and 1+ cells in the anterior chamber, 2+ vitreous cells, swollen optic nerve, ciliochoroidal effusion, and exudative retinal detachment involving macular area in the left eye. After starting treatment with prednisone 25 mg once daily, choroidal effusion and retinal detachment were managed successfully without any surgical approach. Serous choroidal and exudative retinal detachments are rare complications following YAG-laser procedure. In our case, this clinical presentation occurs after a non perforating iridotomy. In medical practice, exudative retinal detachment should be always considered after YAG-laser iridotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate whether choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with persistent subretinal fluid (pSRF) after simple primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Methods: This single‐centre, retrospective, observational study included patients who underwent RRD repair with at least 12‐month follow‐up. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were evaluated for association with pSRF. CT measurements were obtained at the central 1 mm area on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans, using a semiautomatic method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine predictive factors for pSRF. Results: Overall, 100 eyes of 100 patients, mean age of 59.9 ± 12.6 years were included. pSRF was found in 21.0% of eyes and resolved over time in 85.7% of eyes at 12 months. In the pSRF group both RRD and fellow eyes showed lower mean choroidal and RPE thickness values as compared to those without pSRF (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between pSRF occurrence and choroidal thinning (p = 0.02). After multiple regression analyses, macula‐off RRD (p = 0.005) and scleral buckling (SB) technique (p = 0.001) were retained as final predictors for pSRF. In macula‐off SB eyes, detachment duration was the only factor associated with pSRF (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences in best‐corrected visual acuity outcomes between the pSRF and the no‐pSRF eyes. Conclusions: Patients with pSRF showed lower choroidal and RPE thickness as compared to those without pSRF. CT did not turn out to be a final predictor for pSRF, as this was mainly associated with macular involvement, surgical technique and detachment duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of bilateral angioid streaks in a young patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). PXE is a hereditary disease characterized by the degeneration of elastic fibers and calcification. Ocular manifestations of PXE include angioid streaks, peau d'orange appearance, and optic disc drusen. The patient in this case had angioid streaks in both eyes, as well as optic disc drusen. No treatment was required, but regular follow-up visits were advised. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the association between angioid streaks and PXE in order to prevent irreversible visual loss. [Extracted from the article]

We report a case of a young male who developed bilateral panuveitis after extensive tattooing. Case report. A 22-year-old male with a history of inflamed tattoos presented with pain in both eyes and blurred vision in the left eye. Clinical examination showed ciliary congestion, flare, vitreous cells in both eyes, and posterior synechiae in the left eye. Optic nerve was swollen in both eyes. OCT scans demonstrated subretinal blood, associated with neurosensory macular detachment in the left eye. The skin tattoo biopsy showed a granulomatous inflammation without evidence of sarcoidosis. Long-term corticosteroid therapy allowed a regression of clinical signs and symptoms with full recovery. TAttoo Granulomas with Uveitis (TAGU) is a syndrome with numerous clinical presentations. In our case, optic nerve head oedema and subretinal hemorrhage at the posterior pole were the presentation signs. Ophthalmologists should always consider TAGU as a diagnosis in patients with a history of inflamed tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study macular microvascular changes in ocular Behçet disease (OBD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: Quantitative and qualitative analyses of OCTA were performed on 23 OBD patients with active or inactive uveitis and compared with healthy controls.Results: Deep capillary plexus (DCP) is the most frequently involved in OBD (p < 0.001). Its vessel density (VD) is reduced compared with controls in both active (p < 0.007) and inactive uveitis (p = 0.03). In inactive uveitis, VD is inversely related to the number of uveitis relapses (superficial capillary plexus: r = -0.694, p = 0.004; DCP: r = -0.541, p = 0.037) and it is significantly reduced in patients with a uveitis-free period ≥5 years compared with healthy controls (p < 0.038).Conclusions: Macular VD is reduced in Behçet patients with active and inactive uveitis, especially in DCP. In inactive uveitis, VD is inversely related to the number of ocular relapses and cannot be restored during time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lymphatic system is crucial in preserving tissue homeostasis and immunological function but is sometimes disregarded in favour of its more well-known counterpart, the circulatory system. Despite its significance, the topic of lymphology is still not very well understood. The objective of this commentary piece is to inform the scientific community on the lymphatic system, its activities, and current developments in lymphology research.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report a literature-based metanalysis we have conducted to outline the clinical features of the HLA-B27 Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). The examined material was based on observational studies in which participants were affected by Acute Anterior Uveitis and divided into HLA B27+ and HLA B27-. We performed a search on articles with the words "HLA B27 uveitis" dated before May 2014. Among these, 29 articles were selected for a second review. After a further evaluation, 22 articles were analyzed. The clinical characteristics studied in the metanalysis were: (1) systemic disease; (2) sex distribution; (3) laterality; (4) visual acuity; (5) hypopion; (6) anterior chamber's fibrin; (7) elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) during inflammation; (8) glaucoma; (9) posterior synechiae; (10) cataract; (11) cystoid macular edema; (12) papillitis. We have calculated a relative risk (RR) for each outcome measured. The results obtained remark some of the peculiar features linked to the HLA B27 Acute Anterior Uveitis, such as strong association with ankylosing spondylitis (RR = 6.80) and systemic diseases (RR = 9.9), male prevalence (RR = 1.2), unilateral (RR = 1.1) or alternating bilateral (RR = 2.2) involvement, hypopion (RR = 5.5), fibrinous reaction and even papillitis (R = 7.7). Simultaneous bilateral (RR = 0.3) AAU is more frequent in HLA-B27 negative form. We report higher risk of elevated IOP and glaucoma (RR = 0.6) in B27- Acute Anterior Uveitis. No significant difference between HLA B 27 positive and negative AAU was observed according to final visual acuity and complications such as posterior synechiae, cataract, and maculare edema. We trust that this will inform on the clinical evaluation and therapeutic decision in addressing a still ill-defined ophthalmologic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]