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International audience; Context and purpose of the study - Global climate change affects regional climates and hold implications for wine growing regions worldwide (Jones, 2007 and 2015; Van Leeuwen and Darriet, 2016). The prospect of 21st century climate change consequently is one of the major challenges facing the wine industry (Keller, 2010). They vary from short-term impacts on wine quality and style, to long-term issues such as varietal suitability and the economic sustainability of traditional wine growing regions (Schultz and Jones 2010 ; Quénol 2014). Within the context of a global changing climate, most studies that addressfuture impacts andpotential adaptation strategies are largely based on modelling technologies. However, veryfew studies model the complex interaction between environmental features, plant behaviourand farming activities at local scales. In viticulture, this level of assessment is of particularimportance, as it is the scale where adaptation matters the most. Within this context, it seems appropriate to develop a modelling approach, able to simulate the impact of environmental conditions and constraints on vine behaviour and the dynamics of viticultural activities.Material and methods -Our modeling approach, named SEVE (Simulating Environmental impacts on Viticultural Ecosystems), has been designed to describe viticultural practices with responsive agents constrained by exogenous variables (biophysical, socio-economic and regulatory constraints). Based on multi-agent paradigm, SEVE has two principle objectives, first, to simulate grapevine phenology and grape ripening according to climate variability and secondly, to simulate viticultural practices and adaptation strategies under environmental, economic and socio-technical constraints.Each activity is represented by an autonomous agent able to react and adapt its reaction to the variability of environmental constraints. The reaction chain results from a combination of natural and anthropogenic stresses integrated at different scale level (from plot to vineyard).Results- Simulation results underline that small scale variability is strongly linked with vine phenology stages and ripeness potential.Over the next century, winegrowers will likely be confronted by increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns that will have important impacts on agronomic itineraries and adaptation strategies.Through different experiment in european vineyards in the context of ADVICLIM project (http://www.adviclim.eu/), SEVE model provide prospective simulation of potential adaptation strategies from short-term (e.g. in harvest management practices) to long-term adjustment, such as in varietal selection. In response to increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, they vary therefore in nature and effectiveness, where longterm measures in the choice in grapevine variety and the use of irrigation seem to bethe most effective.

International audience; Various studies on vine’s climate adaptability under different climate change scenarios show that we can expect major upheavals at global level, with the disappearance of some wine-growing regions by 2100. These studies, based specifically on climate simulation, propose fairly “brutal” methods to adapt to climate change, for instance moving wine-growing regions or changing varietals. Studies on the impact of climate change only cover major global wine regions, however, without taking into account the spatial variability of climate on finer scales. However, atmospheric parameters at the level of the boundary layer depend on surface conditions (surface roughness and type), and these can cause significant spatial variability in relatively small areas (from a few square metres to a few square kilometres). A wine’s specific features are determined by these fine-scale variations (e.g. slope, exposure, type of soil, etc.), and it is at the scale of the plot that winemakers manage their estate and adapt to the climate, notably by agricultural practices (tillage, work on the vine, etc.). The spatial variability of climate at local scale should therefore be taken into account when defining a rational climate change adaptation policy. Despite the huge progress made in the last ten years in terms of the spatial resolution of climate projections (narrowed down to a few square kilometres), they are not yet sufficiently precise enough to take into account the influence of local parameters (such as topography and soil types), although these parameters are decisive for the vine’s and wines’ characteristics. Combined with regional climate scenarios, analysing the spatial variability of local climate makes it possible to fine-tune the models’ spatial resolution and to propose rational adaptation methods at the level of the estate rather than at the level of major wine regions. In the European LIFE-ADVICLIM programme (ADapatation of VIticulture to CLIMate change: High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii for viticulture), spatial climate variability at the local scale has been integrated into the outputs of regionalized climate change models. Fine scale agro-climatic modelling, combined with winegrowers' production strategies in a multi-agent system, has enabled climate change adaptation scenarios based on spatial climate variability at the vineyard scale to be constructed. An assessment of greenhouse gas emissions was then carried out to assess the carbon footprint for each adaptation scenario. This project aims to inform and assist winegrowers on climate change impacts, on rational adaptation scenarios and on greenhouse gas emissions related to their practices at the scale of their vineyard plots. These methodologies have been applied in several wine-growing pilot sites - Bordeaux and Val de Loire (France), Sussex (England), Rheingau (Germany), Cotnari (Romania) and Rioja (Spain) - representative of the climate diversity of European wine-growing areas, ranging from Mediterranean, oceanic and continental climates.

Land cover is a fundamental variable for regional planning, as well as for the study and understanding of the environment. This work propose a multi-temporal approach relying on a fusion of radar multi-sensor data and information collected by the latest sensor (Sentinel-1) with a view to obtaining better results than traditional image processing techniques. The Danube Delta is the site for this work. The spatial approach relies on new spatial analysis technologies and methodologies: Deep Learning of multi-temporal Sentinel-1. We propose a deep learning network for image classification which exploits the multi-temporal characteristic of Sentinel-1 data. The model we employ is a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Network, a recurrent neural network that explicitly takes into account the time dimension via a gated mechanism to perform the final prediction. The main quality of the GRU network is its ability to consider only the important part of the information coming from the temporal data discarding the irrelevant information via a forgetting mechanism. We propose to use such network structure to classify a series of images Sentinel-1 (20 Sentinel-1 images acquired between 9.10.2014 and 01.04.2016). The results are compared with results of the classification of Random Forest.

The paper presents the results of a study regarding the mesoclimate suitability assessment of three Romania’s wine-growing centres (Urlaţi-Dealu Mare vineyard, Huşi-Huşi vineyard, Bucium-Iaşi vineyard), by the Huglin’s heliothermal index and by a GIS based multicriteria method. The results are compared between the two types of analysis and with the macroclimate suitability map of Romania’s wine regions, expressed by Huglin’s heliothermal index spatial distribution. The research show that the values of Huglin’s heliothermal index in Romania’s wine regions varies between 2341.48 on the Danube Terraces from the southern limit of the country to lower than 1500 on the intramountainous wine region Transylvania. The prevailing climate class over the Romania’s wine regions is IH-1 that define temperate climate. According to the assessment on Romania’s macroclimate scale by Huglin’s heliothermal index, the three wine-growing centers are characterized by temperate climate (IH-1), that indicate the existence of climate conditions for grapes maturation to Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The assessment on mesoclimate scale by the GIS based multicriteria method reveals a wider variability of local climate than that resulted from macroclimate and mesoclimate analysis by Huglin’s heliothermal index, as follows: the climate of Urlaţi wine-growing center is suitable for quality red wines production; in Huşi wine-growing centre only 16.95% from the area has climate suitable to produce red table wines; the climate of Bucium wine-growing centre is not suitable for red wine production. Comparison with the Romania’s vineyards wine production specialization confirms that the results of multicriteria GIS based evaluation reveal accurate the local climate suitability and demonstrate the need of the fine-scale assessment of vineyard climate in the viticultural zoning.

International audience

International audience; Context and purpose of the study - Viticultural potential has a complex conditioning, determined by relief, soil, climate and lithology. Delineation of viticultural potential from vineyard areas is essential for the purpose to collect the necessary data for viticultural zoning. Using this data, we can achieve greater yield quality, which is the most important criteria in viticulture. The main purpose of this research is characterizing of viticultural potential and zoning of homogeneous viticultural zones in Goriška Brda region by assessing the suitability of defined ecological factors.Material and methods - Fourteen environmental factors, which represent relief, climate, soil and lithology, were used to evaluate and determine the viticultural potential which is further delimited in homogeneous viticultural zones within Goriška Brda study site, characterized by a mild Mediterranean climate. Each zone was described in terms of its viticultural potential, which expresses the types of wine that can be produced according to its ecological suitability. The spatial distributions of the environmental parameters were achieved using GIS-based multicriteria methodology. Spatial analysis was conducted at fine scale.Results - Inside of study area, there were defined three zones with different viticultural potential, indicating the wine types that can be produced: a zone suitable for quality white wines and red table wines; a zone suitable for quality white wines; a zone suitable for sparkling and white table wines and wines for distillates. These zones make up the viticulture potential map of Goriška Brda study site. The south-western area, closer to the Mediterranean Sea, was defined as mainly suitable to produce quality white wines. Nevertheless, the north-eastern part was defined as suitable for production of mainly white table wines, sparkling wines, and wines for distillates. This research provides a map of viticultural potential and delimitate viticultural homogeneous zones for the winegrowing area of Goriška Brda. It also provides a spatial analysis of the ecological structure with suitability of ecological factors for different wine types. The results reveal the high spatial variability of the viticultural potential when analyzed at fine scale.