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This study explores community flood preparedness in Ibadan, Nigeria. The qualitative method was adopted, and key informant interviews with community leaders in selected flood-prone communities were undertaken. Findings indicate that communities are not adequately prepared for floods, but cooperation associated with collectivism help flood victims cope with floods. Pervasive negative outcome expectancy and trust in flood structural protection measures are significant influences on communities' poor flood preparedness. While assistance associated with collectivism has been helpful, it will not suffice in the event of mega-floods. These underline the urgency of taking early action to strengthen the Ibadan communities' resilience to flood risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, macrosomia contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low—and middle-income countries because of changes in maternal lifestyle. Reliable data are needed for its prevention, early detection, and management. This study assessed the associations between sociodemographic, anthropometric, maternal lifestyle, perinatal outcomes, and macrosomia in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: We used the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS) data, which investigated maternal obesity, lifestyle factors and the associated pregnancy outcomes among 1745 antenatal care attendees in Southwest Nigeria. This study examined the 1200 women who were not lost to follow-up, had health facility deliveries and the infants' birthweight records. Outcome variables were macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4 kg) and perinatal outcomes. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric, and maternal lifestyle factors. Maternal blood glucose and lipids were assessed between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation. Bivariate and multiple logistic and Poisson regression analyses examined the associations at a 5% level of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of macrosomia was 72 (6%) [95% CI: 4.66–7.35]. On bivariate analysis parity (p = 0.009), maternal age (p = 0.012), history of macrosomia (0.021), consumption of protein-rich diets with non-alcoholic beverages (p = 0.021), sex of infants (p = 0.018), and engagement in physical activity (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with macrosomia. The mean maternal glucose levels were significantly higher among mothers with macrosomic babies compared with those without macrosomia: FPG: 4.72 ± 2.32 vs. 4.32 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.035), 1-hour plasma glucose: 8.80 ± 3.77 vs. 6.97 ± 1.93 mmol/l (p < 0.001), 2-hour plasma glucose: 7.16 ± 3.20 vs. 6.25 ± 1.73 mmol/l (p = 0.008). The predictors of macrosomia include a history of macrosomia [AOR = 2.057, 95% CI: 1.009–4.191), maternal obesity [AOR = 1.883, 95% CI: 1.027–3.451], and male infants [AOR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.016–3.357) were more likely to have macrosomia compared to female infants. Furthermore, Emergency Cesarean section was a significant outcome of macrosomia [RR = 1.675, 95% CI: 1.068–2.627]. Conclusions: Macrosomia was common among our study population. This study identified common modifiable risk factors for foetal macrosomia, its mechanistic pathways and suggested prevention and control strategies for macrosomia among pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African giant rats are recognized as one of the important small mammal species in Nigeria. They are highly priced and as an essential food item that is consumed as bush meat and a cheaper alternative protein source for the common man, especially in rural settings. As delicious as this particular species is there are some associated taboos with this animal because of their strange behaviour. This study therefore evaluates some behavioral attitudes associated with captive African giant rats. Thirty-six adult African giant rats (18 males and 18 females) were captured from the wild and their behaviour was studied for 8 - 10 weeks. They were monitored for feeding, sleeping, cannibalism, and reproductive behaviour. Feeding behaviour indicated that the animals manifested postures such as sitting on their haunches, standing on their legs, gnawing and acting coprophagy while eating. Sleeping attitudes revealed behaviour such as; assuming the shape of the letter O, maintaining a curve-shaped position, and lying on their back while sleeping. Commonly cannibalism behaviour observed includes; adult male-female cannibalism, mother-pup's cannibalism, and hunger-induced cannibalism. The animals also showed some peculiar reproductive behavior; these include; courtship, mating, and nursing attitudes. The study has been able to elucidate the behavioural characteristics of African giant rats and concludes that some behaviours and attitudes of captive African giant rats were strange and unique indeed. The study recommends that these characteristics should be factored into any plan for the domestication of African giant rats, and further studies to evaluate reasons for some of these behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: An increase in informal job advertisements has been attributed to high unemployment. However, less scholarly attention has been placed on the experiences of victims of advertised job scams. Design/methodology/approach: This explorative study investigates the lived experiences of victims of advertised job scams in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, adopting Durkheim's Functionalism and Anomie Theory. Around 35 victims were purposively engaged in in-depth and telephone interviews. Findings: The findings of the study indicated the link between functionalism and anomie, an increasing rate of advertised job scams and a high rate of unemployment and poverty as well as the desperation of victims in getting jobs. The value orientation of an individual is determined by the dynamics of the social institutions. The pattern of job scammers revealed extremists conditioned by the large number of youths seeking employment. The advertised scam jobs are usually unavailable. In addition, employers, through informal job advertisements, subject victims to extortions, exploitation, street begging, kidnapping and rituals as well as sexual harassment and rape. Owing to the high rate of unemployment, many genuine job offers are characterised by bribes, besides trivializing merit. Originality/value: The government should design measures to tackle the rate of corruption and unemployment. This can be achieved by introducing entrepreneurship and skill acquisition programmes in the nation's education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Rapid urbanisation without concomitant infrastructure development has led to the creation of urban slums throughout sub-Saharan Africa. People living in urban slums are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity due to the lack of physical and economic accessibility to food. Hence, it is important to explore how vulnerable groups living in slums interact with the food environment. This study assessed the relationships between food insecurity, including restrictive coping strategies, food purchasing patterns and perceptions about the food environment among dwellers of selected urban slums in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with people responsible for food procurement from 590 randomly selected households in two urban slums in Ibadan. Food insecurity and restrictive coping strategies were assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and the Coping Strategy Index, respectively. We examined purchasing patterns of participants by assessing the procurement of household foodstuffs in different categories, as well as by vendor type. Participants’ perceptions of the food environment were derived through a five-item composite score measuring food availability, affordability and quality. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models analysed associations between food insecurity, purchasing patterns and perceptions of the food environment. Results The prevalence of food insecurity in the sample was 88%, with 40.2% of the households experiencing severe food insecurity. Nearly a third (32.5%) of the households used restrictive coping strategies such as limiting the size of food portions at mealtimes, while 28.8% reduced the frequency of their daily meals. Participants purchased food multiple times a week, primarily from formal and informal food markets rather than from wholesalers and supermarkets. Only a few households grew food or had livestock (3.2%). Food insecure households had a lower perceived access to the food environment, with an approximate 10% increase in access score per one-unit decrease in food insecurity (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96). The most procured foods among all households were fish (72.5%), bread (60.3%), rice (56.3%), yam and cassava flours (50.2%). Food-secure households procured fruit, dairy and vegetable proteins more frequently. Conclusion Food insecurity remains a serious public health challenge in the urban slums of Ibadan. Perceptions of greater access to the food environment was associated with increasing food security. Interventions should focus on creating more robust social and financial protections, with efforts to improve livelihoods to ensure food security among urban slum-dwellers.

Introduction: Unintended pregnancies constitute one of the major public health problems of important concern in Nigeria, where sex refusal in marriage might be impossible. This descriptive, household-based study, investigated the prevalence and predictors of unintended pregnancy in the past two years among married women aged 35-49 years in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria. Methods: A three-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 425 respondents across three local government areas. Data were collected and analyzed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The dependent variable, “Unintended pregnancy,” was defined as an unplanned, unwanted, or mistimed pregnancy. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Bivariate chi-square tests were used to determine the factors associated with unintended pregnancy, while binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of unintended pregnancy (α0.05). Results: The mean age of the women was 41.1 ± 4.2 years, 149 (35.1%) had high autonomy, while 233 (54.8%) had medium autonomy. Further, 177 (41.6%) were poor, while 106 (25.0%) were rich. In all, 108 (25.4%) women have had an unintended pregnancy. Women with low autonomy (AOR=3.41, 95%C.I.=1.70-6.82, p=0.001) and medium autonomy (AOR=2.41, C.I.=1.29-4.49, p=0.006) had higher odds of unintended pregnancy. The likelihood of unintended pregnancy was higher among women living in poor households (AOR=2.04, 95%C.I.=1.13-3.68, p=0.017). Conclusions: The level of unintended pregnancy was high among older women of reproductive age in Ibadan. Social interventions that focus on empowerment of such women should be undertaken by governmental agencies, non-governmental agencies, and community-based organizations to increase women’s autonomy and reduce unintended pregnancy among them.

Background: Vaccine- preventable-diseases are major contributors to child mortality in Africa. In Nigeria, apart from the routine childhood vaccines that are provided free by the government, there are additional lifesaving non-routine vaccines like Rotavirus, Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV), Varicella, Cerebrospinal meningitis, and Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccines. Until 2015 when PCV was included in the routine childhood immunisation, these five vaccines were optional and parents paid to immunize their children with them. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and utilization of nonroutine immunisations among mothers. Methodology: A descriptive, cross -sectional study conducted in three infant welfare clinics purposively selected in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Participants were 110 mothers of children aged 6-24 months. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and analysis done using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were computed and Chi-square test was used for investigating association between categorical variables at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that 62 (56.4%) of the 110 mothers were aware of non-routine immunisation of which 23 (20.9%) had good knowledge about it. Only 23 (20.9%) of their children were immunized with all the nonroutine vaccines. High income, higher level of education and good knowledge level about non-routine immunisation of mothers were associated with the utilization of all non-routine immunisation among their children (p

Background: Rapid urbanisation without concomitant infrastructure development has led to the creation of urban slums throughout sub-Saharan Africa. People living in urban slums are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity due to the lack of physical and economic accessibility to food. Hence, it is important to explore how vulnerable groups living in slums interact with the food environment. This study assessed the relationships between food insecurity, including restrictive coping strategies, food purchasing patterns and perceptions about the food environment among dwellers of selected urban slums in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with people responsible for food procurement from 590 randomly selected households in two urban slums in Ibadan. Food insecurity and restrictive coping strategies were assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and the Coping Strategy Index, respectively. We examined purchasing patterns of participants by assessing the procurement of household foodstuffs in different categories, as well as by vendor type. Participants' perceptions of the food environment were derived through a five-item composite score measuring food availability, affordability and quality. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models analysed associations between food insecurity, purchasing patterns and perceptions of the food environment. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity in the sample was 88%, with 40.2% of the households experiencing severe food insecurity. Nearly a third (32.5%) of the households used restrictive coping strategies such as limiting the size of food portions at mealtimes, while 28.8% reduced the frequency of their daily meals. Participants purchased food multiple times a week, primarily from formal and informal food markets rather than from wholesalers and supermarkets. Only a few households grew food or had livestock (3.2%). Food insecure households had a lower perceived access to the food environment, with an approximate 10% increase in access score per one-unit decrease in food insecurity (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96). The most procured foods among all households were fish (72.5%), bread (60.3%), rice (56.3%), yam and cassava flours (50.2%). Food-secure households procured fruit, dairy and vegetable proteins more frequently. Conclusion: Food insecurity remains a serious public health challenge in the urban slums of Ibadan. Perceptions of greater access to the food environment was associated with increasing food security. Interventions should focus on creating more robust social and financial protections, with efforts to improve livelihoods to ensure food security among urban slum-dwellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catholic Church had a rich tradition of church design prior to the liturgical reforms occasioned by Vatican II. The paper examines 20th-century architecture of the Catholic Church in Ibadan, Nigeria in the consolidatory stages of Christianity in the city. Based on documented archival records, oral accounts and field investigations, the paper argues that the earlier 20th-century church buildings of the Catholic Church of Ibadan were largely in line with Charles Borromeo's (1538–1584) summary of Catholic traditions regarding church design and the later 20th-century Catholic Church buildings were in line with modernist Catholic Church architecture influenced by liturgical reforms occasioned by the Second Vatican Council and the modernist ideology of functionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients' satisfaction is the extent to which patients' expectation of care matches the reality of care received. In Nigeria, there remains the question of whether the patients are satisfying with the quality of nursing care or not. This study focusses on patients' satisfaction level and the effect of socio demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was used to access patients' satisfaction of nursing care in three selected hospitals, Ibadan, Nigeria. Study sample (n = 400) comprises of patients admitted for at least two days before discharge. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Results were presented in frequency table, bar chart, mean and standard deviation Results: Findings revealed that 50.7% of the patients had high level satisfaction with nursing care quality. There are significant differences between the health facilities means of satisfaction of nursing care (F = 37.96; p < 0.001). Majority were satisfied with secondary facility (76.4%) than the tertiary facility (40.8%) and private facility (25.9%). Gender (p=0.005), patient's educational status (p = 0.001) and monthly income (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with the level of satisfaction of nursing care while age (p=0.182), marital status (p=0.816), occupation (p = 0.051) and type of admitted room (p = 0.410) were not significant. Conclusion: Nurses need to improve the quality of patient care to ensure more satisfaction. Periodic assessment of patients' satisfaction of nursing care is required to identify areas of quality care and areas for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of residents in selected public housing estates in Ibadan, focusing on the privacy regulatory mechanisms they adopt. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved administering questionnaires to 565 household heads and conducting in-depth interviews with eight key informants from neighbourhood associations. The findings indicate a significant majority (92.00%) of respondents have adopted privacy regulating mechanisms, with personal space and territorial behaviour being the most common. ANOVA results reveal a significant relationship between these mechanisms and the residents' socio-economic and cultural characteristics. Qualitative insights from key informants' interviews provided a nuanced understanding of residents' privacy needs, highlighting emotional and behavioural cues, as well as verbal and non-verbal data. The study concludes that privacy regulation in public housing varies across different estates and is influenced by nine socio-economic and cultural factors, offering guidance for sustainable housing design that considers contemporary urbanization's socio-economic impacts. These findings can inform architects and policymakers in creating housing designs that respect privacy and enhance the quality of life for residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: socio-economic status (SES), especially for women, influence access to care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SES and uptake of malaria intervention by pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children under 5 years old in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was conducted at Adeoyo teaching hospital located in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospital-based study population included consenting mothers. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered modified validated demographic health survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis involved both descriptive (mean, count, frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, logistic regression). Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: mean age of the study´s total of 1373 respondents was 29 years (SD: 5.2). Of these, 60% (818) were pregnant. The non-pregnant mothers of children under five years old showed a significantly increased odds (OR: 7.55, 95% CI: 3.81, 14.93) for the uptake of malaria intervention. Within the low SES category, women aged 35 years and above were significantly less likely to utilize malaria intervention (OR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.46; p=0.005) compared to those younger. In the middle SES, women who have one or two children were 3.51 times more likely than women with three or more children to utilize malaria intervention (OR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.67-7.37; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: the findings provide evidence that age, maternal grouping, and parity within the SES category can significantly impact on uptake of malaria interventions. There is a need for strategies to boost the SES of women because they play significant roles in the wellbeing of members of the home.

This study examines the pragmatic appeal inherent in the deployment of contradictions in police- suspect interactions (PSIs). Anchoring Grice’s Cooperative Principle as theoretical model, ten purposively selected interrogation sessions on murder, felony, conspiracy and unlawful conversion, observed at the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department, Ìyágankú, Ibadan, Nigeria, were analysed. Suspects consciously violate the cooperative maxims to seek exoneration. Contradictions are constructed through denials, deliberate omissions, inclusion and rewording. The use of contradictions generates context-driven implicatures in a bid to initiate, maintain, sustain and contest power in PSIs. The study notes that power is contextually erected in PSIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotics are significant for improving the health and productivity of chickens, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has resulted in ineffective treatment of infectious diseases with associated mortality in chicken and potential spread of AMR pathogens to humans. The objective of the study was to evaluate the AMR profiles of Enterobacteriaceae from faecal samples of laying chicken in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 200 apparently healthy laying hens from 10 selected local government areas of Ibadan, Nigeria, and from which cloacal samples were collected for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Samples were first inoculated on tryptone soy broth (TSB) for enrichment and then sub-cultured on MacConkey agar plates. Presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were sub-cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and greenish metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar were identified as E. coli by colony morphology and Gram stain microscopy. Commercial API (Analytical Profile Index) kit was used to confirm the identity of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the disc diffusion technique and result interpreted using the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Data were analysed on STATA and p<0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: The results showed that out of 200 chicken samples, 190 were cultured positive, giving a colonization rate of 95.0%, with 287 Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Escherichia coli (59.6%), Enterobacter spp., (27.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) were the bacterial isolates identified. For antibiotic susceptibility, E. coli had sensitivity rate of 78.2% to ciprofloxacin, 73.4% to ofloxacin, 71.8% to sparfloxacin, and 70.9% to pefloxacin, and resistant rates to cotrimoxazole of 73.4%, streptomycin 65.4%, and other antibiotics 63.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to gentamicin (33.3%), ofloxacin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin, but resistant to other antibiotics. Enterobacter spp. was sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.8%), pefloxacin, and streptomycin (70.3%), but resistant to ofloxacin (100.0%), cotrimoxazole (84.5%), chloramphenicol (68.8%), gentamicin (64.1%), amoxicillin (60.9%) and ciprofloxacin (60.9%). A total of 29 resistance patterns were observed in 50 resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates with 12 MDR patterns observed in 54.0% (n=27) of the isolates. Conclusion: This study reports faecal Enterobacteriaceae colonization rate of 95% of commercial poultry chicken in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, belonging to three members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, with high MDR patterns. The high AMR rates can lead to ineffective treatment of infectious diseases in chicken, with associated mortality and a potential source for transmission of AMR pathogens to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing standards violation in cities of Nigeria is worrisome particularly in urban centers where activities of planning authority should be effective. The nexus between the socioeconomic characteristics of residents and the desire to violate the standards despite their inherent benefits is yet to be unraveled. This study, therefore, examines the residents’ compliance with housing setback standards in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State. The cross sectional research design was used. Both primary and secondary information were sourced. A total of 327 copies of pretested questionnaire were administered to residents of Ibadan North Local Government Area, especially building owners in three randomly selected communities representing high, medium and low residential densities. Issues that were investigated include, the extent of compliance to the building setback and the rate of conversion of the setbacks to other uses. Findings revealed that majority of residents who complied with setbacks standard were males (55.6%), Yoruba (84.9%) and graduates (62.5%). The sum of 30.3% and 34.9%, respectively, complied to the rear and front view setbacks of their buildings. More than half of the residents (50.8%) did not comply with 30meters setback between septic soak away and well/borehole location. The majority of the setbacks that were converted to other uses in low residential areas was used for security post (81.6%) while the largest proportion (35.4%) in medium and high-density areas (15.7%) were used for shop construction. Among all socioeconomic variables considered, the contribution of education (χ2=19.650) to the residents’ level of compliance with building setback was the highest. There was no association between income (r=-0.273) and the level of compliance with setback standards in the study area. Therefore, the study suggests community-based public enlightenment on the benefits of adherence to housing standards by the planning authority while the authority should be equipped for effective monitoring and development control.

Cefotaxime is a critically important antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections in humans and animals. The upsurge in the incidence of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli from animal sources is of global public health importance. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is a Gram negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Infections by Escherichia coli usually occur following consumption of foods and water contaminated with faeces. The development of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli is a concern worldwide. This study evaluated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli in commercial laying hens, indigenous ducks and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolates from the cloacae of these poultry sources were tested for antimicrobial agents. The overall isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli was 6.5% (6/93), 3.2% (3/93) and 10.0% (20/200) from indigenous ducks, indigenous chickens and commercial laying hens respectively. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolates were 89.7%, 86.2%, 65.5%, 55.2%, 37.9%, 27.6%, 20.7% and 20.7% resistant to sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ceftazidime, amoxicillin -clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone respectively. Whereas, 75.9%, 68.9%, 62.1%, 51.7%, 41.4%, 27.6%,10.3% and 10.3% susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, sulphamethoxazone and tetracycline respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was observed in 89.7% (26/29) of the isolates which exhibited 2 (in indigenous ducks), 3 (in indigenous chickens) and 13 (in commercial laying hens) different MDR patterns to 7 antimicrobial classes of drug. Higher isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli and remarkable numbers of the isolates from commercial laying hens showed multidrug resistant than that of indigenous ducks and chickens. Misused of drugs was predicted in commercial laying hens. This study showed that the indigenous ducks and chickens harbour multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and may contribute to environmental contamination through faecal shedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction The “second victim” phenomenon refers to the distress and other negative consequences that physicians experience when they commit medical error. There has been increasing awareness about this phenomenon and efforts are being made to address it. However, there is dearth of information about it in developing countries. This study explored the experiences of surgical resident doctors of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria about the “second victim” phenomenon and the support they had following medical errors. Methods This is a phenomenology study in which qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 31 resident doctors across 10 surgical units/departments. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were coded inductively. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Themes and subthemes were generated using axial coding. The themes were then integrated using selective coding. Results There were 31 participants and 10(32.3%) were females. All had witnessed other physicians encountering medical errors while 28(90.3%) had been directly involved in medical errors. Most of the errors were at the inter-operative stage. Prolonged work hours with inadequate sleep were identified as major causes of most medical errors. The feelings following medical errors were all negative and was described as ‘stressful’. Most of the residents got support from their colleagues, mostly contemporaries following medical errors, and many viewed medical errors as a learning point to improve their practice. However, there was a general belief that the systemic support following medical errors was inadequate. Conclusion The “second victim” phenomenon was common among the study group with consequent negative effects. Normalizing discussions about medical errors, reduction of work hours and meticulous intraoperative guidance may reduce medical errors and its consequences on the surgical residents. Steps should be taken within the system to address this issue effectively.

Solid waste management (SWM) is an essential urban service in every human settlement. Despite its importance, cities globally struggle to guarantee its provision even in developed countries. This study examines SWM practices in Alesinloye, Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire prepared with KoboCollect was used to interview 182 households using a convenience sampling technique. Findings revealed that households are predominantly married youth with formal education and largely from the Yoruba ethnic group. It further established that food constitutes the leading solid waste component in households. The food waste, along with other waste materials generated, was disposed of mixed because there is no waste sorting system. The households mainly adopt unhygienic and unsustainable approaches such as disposable polythene bags and open space to store solid waste generated temporarily. The private waste firm was primarily responsible for solid waste collection using door-to-door (kerbside) methods in providing its service. The solid waste collection is mostly executed weekly, and the majority of the households consider it suitable. The households paid users’ charges of between ₦500 ($1.09) and ₦ 2000 ($4.35) monthly, and the variations were attributed to mainly waste quantity. While 75.2% of the households expressed satisfaction with users’ charges on solid waste services, 78.6% were unwilling to pay more for improved services, thus indicating the value placed on environmental quality. Finally, the study recommends the establishment of a SWM system towards zero waste community; the establishment of a waste management committee to serve as environmental stewards; the intensification of public campaigns and awareness of the importance of sustainable SWM, and the resuscitation of the Alesinloye recycling plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-chance transit crime is a prevalent yet under-researched form of transit crime in Nigeria. Thus, this study investigated the crime and the victimization experiences of commuters in Ibadan city. Routine activity theory was employed as theoretical framework. Data were generated from victims of the crime, police personnel and motor-park officials through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion methods. Findings revealed that one-chance transit crime is commonly perpetrated by criminals making use of taxis for commercial transportation. Money and mobile phones of commuters were the major targets of this category of criminals. One-chance transit criminals are luring their victims through different strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigerian women account for almost half of the country's population, yet they represent a minuscule percentage of elected positions. Many scholars have attributed this to the patriarchal system inherent in Nigeria. This study, however, submits that the rate at which women support women politicians during elections is a major contributing factor to unequal gender representation in Nigerian politics. The concept of the glass ceiling and postcolonial theory guided the explanatory framework for this study. The study was conducted among women within voting age in Ibadan, in southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed-method design to generalize and gain deep insights. Hence, the questionnaire was used to elicit quantitative data while the Key Informant interview (KII) was used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 while qualitative data was content analyzed. While 87.3% of the respondents claimed they supported women politicians during elections, only 16.7% voted for them. On the reasons why women support female politicians, about 38.0% stated that they supported them because of their perceived ability to represent the interests of women better than men. However, 21.7% of the respondents felt that supporting women in politics may expose them to the danger of political violence inherent in Nigeria. Furthermore, negative stereotypes against women politicians were also found to be among the major impediments to their victory at the polls. Awareness campaigns for women's participation in politics, therefore, should also focus on encouraging women to vote for other women during elections, as that is the major means of ensuring adequate women's representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. Design Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women’s intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level. Results The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47–0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62–4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06–3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65– 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53–1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions.

Background: Children roaming the streets estimated at 1 in 10 by a 2021 United Nation Children’s Funds (UNICEF) report is a growing problem, in cities of lower- and middle-income African countries. Studies of street children with no family ties abound, but there is a paucity of studies on children on the street who exist within families and return home daily. We explored the family dynamics of children on the streets of Ibadan, emphasising family structure, resources and relationships. Methods: Using an exploratory design based on a qualitative approach 53 participants were interviewed, including children on the streets, parental figures, child-welfare officers and street shop owners. Participants were selected from streets in the five urban local government areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. Recorded data were transcribed, and framework analysis was performed. Results: The family dynamics included family structural problems, poor family resources and poor parent-child relationships. The family structural problems included: broken homes, large families and ambivalence around polygamy as subthemes. Family resources comprised: poor economic resources, poor social resources, educational challenges, cultural ambivalence and spiritual backdrops. The family relationships patterns included: poor adaptability, economic-oriented partnership, poor growth support, poor emotional connection and poor family bonding. Conclusion: The dynamics driving a family’s choice for child streetism in Ibadan, mostly to hawk, are devaluation of family life, parenting irresponsibility, and poor filial relationship, underscored by economic constraints and socio-cultural decadence. The results of this research buttress the need for family-level interventions to forestall the escalating phenomenon of child streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria. Contribution: This research highlights the family dynamics of children on the streets, and buttresses family-level interventions are necessary to forestall escalating child-streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Domestic pigeons are typically regarded as global birds and are great producers of meat and eggs. The presence of haemoparasites in birds causes serious health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of blood parasites and their impact on the haematological and biochemical profiles of pigeons in Nigeria. A total of 105 adult pigeon were randomly selected and purchased from Shasha, Bode and Molete live bird market in Ibadan. The screening for haemoparasites was done using a microscopic examination. The haematological parameters such as haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, red blood cell and total white blood cell counts were determined using haemocytometry. Spectrophotometry was also used to determine serum biochemicals such as albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, creatinine, glucose and blood urea nitrogen. The sampled pigeons had a 26% overall prevalence of haemoparasites, Single infection (Leucocytozoon spp (7.7%), Plasmodium spp (23.1%) and Haemoproteus spp (15.4%)) and Mixed infection (Leucocytozoon spp, Plasmodium spp and Haemoproteus spp (19.2%), Plasmodium spp and Haemoproteus spp (34.6%)). The haematological findings demonstrated a significant rise in heterophil, eosinophil, and monocyte of infected pigeons (p = 0.05). According to the serum biochemical results, the levels of globulin, Aspartate transferase, Alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and Blood Urea Nitrogen in infected pigeons had increased significantly (p = 0.05). The prevalence of haemoparasites and their impact on blood parameters revealed their devastating effect on the avian hosts' immune systems, which makes parasitism on birds frequently have serious consequences. Therefore, it is advised that households in Ibadan, Nigeria, raising domestic pigeons implement vector control and prophylactic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nigerian local government system's failure is widely documented, yet little is known about an alternative governance framework that communities have developed to tend to their needs. Using a case study methodology, this paper investigates the structure and process of informal community governance by which communities in Ibadan, Nigeria, fill in the gaps in local government. Documents and key informant interviews with community leaders provided qualitative data. The findings reveal that informal community governance systems are functioning well in Ibadan. Their governance process is open to all, participatory democracy is visible, and corruption is not tolerated. While Nigeria's official local government structure lacks the governance and democratic culture essential for meaningful, long-term local development, this paper's analysis shows that those features are being nurtured in the local community setting. The findings serve to draw attention to the need to institutionalise community governance as a form of local government capable of addressing a wide range of present and emerging community needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing popularity of the agency banking business in Nigeria, a major problem confronting its operators is criminal victimisation. Thus, this study examined the risk of exposure of agency banking operators in Ibadan city to criminal attacks. Routine activity theory was deployed as the conceptual framework. Data were elicited from 11 operators of the business who were victims of criminal attacks and 20 of their counterparts who were yet to be victimised, using key informant and in-depth interview methods. Results showed that operators of agency banking business were being targeted by lone criminals and gangs of criminals using violent and non-violent tactics. Scamming through fake SMS credit/debit transaction alerts was the most common type of criminal victimisation suffered by people involved in the business. A combination of factors was responsible for their vocational-related victimisation. It is imperative for operators of agency banking business to invest in physical security appliances, such as CCTV surveillance system, protective barriers, and alarm devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The "second victim" phenomenon refers to the distress and other negative consequences that physicians experience when they commit medical error. There has been increasing awareness about this phenomenon and efforts are being made to address it. However, there is dearth of information about it in developing countries. This study explored the experiences of surgical resident doctors of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria about the "second victim" phenomenon and the support they had following medical errors. Methods: This is a phenomenology study in which qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 31 resident doctors across 10 surgical units/departments. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were coded inductively. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Themes and subthemes were generated using axial coding. The themes were then integrated using selective coding. Results: There were 31 participants and 10(32.3%) were females. All had witnessed other physicians encountering medical errors while 28(90.3%) had been directly involved in medical errors. Most of the errors were at the inter-operative stage. Prolonged work hours with inadequate sleep were identified as major causes of most medical errors. The feelings following medical errors were all negative and was described as 'stressful'. Most of the residents got support from their colleagues, mostly contemporaries following medical errors, and many viewed medical errors as a learning point to improve their practice. However, there was a general belief that the systemic support following medical errors was inadequate. Conclusion: The "second victim" phenomenon was common among the study group with consequent negative effects. Normalizing discussions about medical errors, reduction of work hours and meticulous intraoperative guidance may reduce medical errors and its consequences on the surgical residents. Steps should be taken within the system to address this issue effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonial cities in the Africa of the twentieth century witnessed political and economic changes that aided infrastructural development. The First and Second World Wars also played significant roles in the social, political, and economic changes that occurred before the 1950s. Ibadan, a Yoruba city in south-west Nigeria, was greatly influenced by British colonialism. In the making of the city, several personalities contributed to its growth and development. Therefore, this paper examines the role of a World War veteran in the making of Ibadan city. The work analyses how one war veteran, Chief Thomas Adeogun Ojo (known as Ojo'Badan), contributed to social, political, and economic developments in colonial Ibadan. The work adopts the historical method by using the life and times of Ojo'Badan to explore changes in Ibadan city. Oral interviews, archival materials, books, and journals were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to diverse indoor microbial aerosols and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children aged 1 to 59 months in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight (178) hospital-based LRTI cases among under-five children were matched for age (± 3 months), sex and geographical location with 180 community-based controls (under-five children without LRTI). Following consent from caregivers of eligible participants, a child’s health questionnaire, clinical proforma and standardized home-walkthrough checklist were used to collect data. Participant homes were visited and sampled for indoor microbial exposures using active sampling approach by Anderson sampler. Indoor microbial count (IMC), total bacterial count (TBC), and total fungal count (TFC) were estimated and dichotomized into high (> median) and low (≤ median) exposures. Alpha diversity measures including richness (R), Shannon (H) and Simpson (D) indices were also estimated. Conditional logistic regression models were used to test association between exposure to indoor microbial aerosols and LRTI risk among under-five children. Results Significantly higher bacterial and fungal diversities were found in homes of cases (R = 3.00; H = 1.04; D = 2.67 and R = 2.56; H = 0.82; D = 2.33) than homes of controls (R = 2.00; H = 0.64; D = 1.80 and R = 1.89; H = 0.55; D = 1.88) p

The article examines the dynamics of access to electricity in two West African cities: Cotonou (Benin) and Ibadan (Nigeria). Due to poor supply from the grid, households are developing varied ways of accessing electricity, based on different socio-technical dispositifs. In this paper we first demonstrate that access to electricity is based on co-production processes that must be approached from a multi-scale perspective (from the household to the urban scale). We then argue that particular attention to the socio-technical and spatial dimension of co-production arrangements makes it possible to interpret urban electrical configurations and their evolution. We thus show that co-production processes, relying on many actors and technologies to meet a growing and diversified demand for electricity in cities, support an ongoing movement of extension-hybridisation of electricity configurations on an urban scale, thus offering an interesting perspective on power changes in sub-Saharan Africa.

Food production relies on agricultural fields, which can accumulate hazardous materials. This study examined multi-element concentration of agricultural soils in Ibadan, located in Southwest Nigeria. A systematic sampling approach was employed where 39 soil samples were collected and analysed for their elemental composition with plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS). Pb (27.96 ppm), Ag (75.68 ppm), As (0.87 ppm), Ba (37.30 ppm) and Co (3.8 ppm) recorded average values below the recommended baseline values. While 20% of samples for Cr and all of the samples for Co reported values above the recommended baseline values of 80.74 ppm and 0.40 ppm respectively. The soils had a Relative Contamination and Cumulative Index (RCCI) greater than 75%–100%. This shows that some soils were highly contaminated with various elements. The Empirical Orthogonal function (EOF) analysis also indicated that the soils were loaded with Cu, Co, Mn, As, Cr, and Fe. This study provides valuable insight on the multi-element concentration in agricultural soils in Ibadan. These findings may help policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and environmental authorities manage and remediate soil in the study area.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. Design: Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women's intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level. Results: The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47–0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62–4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06–3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65– 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53–1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion: SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters of apparently healthy horses in Ibadan polo Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 20 apparently healthy Polo horses were used for this study. Breeds were established by their morphological features; Age was grouped based on the birth record and sexes morphologically established. Hematological and Biochemical analysis were established by adopting standard procedures and the use of specific kits respectively. Breed demography showed 14 (70%) Sudanese breed and 6 (30%) Cross breeds. Sex demography represents 18 (90%) female and 2 (10%) males. Age group demography reveals as follows; young horses (4-6yrs) were 4 (20%), middle-aged horses (7-9yrs) were 8 (40%) and older horses (10-13yrs) category were 8 (40%). All hematological and biochemical indices were within the normal ref range. Except for total bilirubin and Cholesterol with relatively higher Mean ± SD values of 0.58 ± 0.23 and 146.20 ± 12.98 respectively. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was observed in the values of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) among breeds. HDL was significantly higher in Sudanese breed with higher Mean ± SD values of (45.43±4.65) compared to Cross bred with Mean ± SD values of (39.67±6.62). Hematological and biochemical parameters of male (Stallion) appeared better to female (Mare) when compared to normal reference range. Statistical difference of (P<0.05) existed in the value of Mean ± SD values of glucose (mg/dL) within age groups with significant lower value of 79.38±2.92b in 7-9yrs age group compared to the value of 84.5±2.56ain 10-13yrs age group. We observed no significant variation in hematology and most biochemical parameters among breeds, sexes and age groups. There may be need for further investigation to unravel the cause of higher HDL in Sudanese breed and hypoglyceamia observed in 7-9yrs age group of horses as seen in this present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored perceptions of the environmental impacts of informal public transport (IPT) in Ibadan, Nigeria and Nairobi, Kenya. Based on a questionnaire survey supplemented by exploratory factor analysis the results revealed unanimous agreement that IPT hubs and the infrastructure around them are perceived as having adverse impacts on local people and their environment. There exist statistically significant differences on the perceptions, including the latent factors underpinning them, at city level and across respondent's backgrounds. The findings imply significant scope for urban planning practice and policy-making to find systematic methods to integrate the knowledge about IPT's perceived environmental impacts, from all urban citizens, as a means to pro-actively enhance their rights and inclusiveness. This will ameliorate a planning culture that often ignores the realities and concerns of the marginalised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure during pregnancy are hazardous behaviours which are increasing significantly in low and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. However, they have received little attention in Nigeria’s maternal health research and services. The prevalence, pattern and predictors of alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. Methods This is a part of a prospective cohort study among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS), which investigated the associations between maternal obesity, lifestyle characteristics and perinatal outcomes in Ibadan. Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure of 1745 pregnant women were assessed during enrollment by self-reports using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses examined the associations at a 5% level of statistical significance. Results The prevalence of pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption during pregnancy were 551 (31.7%) and 222 (12.7%), respectively, i.e. (one in every eight pregnancies is exposed to alcohol). Palm wine (52%) and beer (12%) were the most common alcohol consumed among pregnant women. The predictors of alcohol consumption during were pre-pregnancy alcohol use [AOR = 10.72, 95% CI: 6.88–16.70) and religion i.e. Muslims were less likely to consume alcohol during pregnancy compared to Christians: [AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.92). The prevalence of tobacco exposure in the index pregnancy was 64 (3.7%), i.e. one in every 27 pregnancies is exposed to tobacco. In contrast, cigarette smoking, second-hand smoke and smokeless tobacco were 0.4, 1.7 and 1.8%, respectively. Pre-pregnancy cigarette smoking was reported by 33(1.9%) and was the most significant predictor [AOR = 12.95; 95% CI: 4.93, 34.03) of tobacco exposure during pregnancy in our study population. Conclusions Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure are not uncommon and have been an ongoing but neglected threat to maternal and child health in Nigeria. Alcohol and tobacco control policy and programmes to prevent the use among pregnant and reproductive-age women in Nigeria should be implemented primarily during antenatal care.

Introduction: socio-economic status (SES), especially for women, influence access to care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SES and uptake of malaria intervention by pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children under 5 years old in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted at Adeoyo teaching hospital located in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospital-based study population included consenting mothers. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered modified validated demographic health survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis involved both descriptive (mean, count, frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, logistic regression). Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: mean age of the study's total of 1373 respondents was 29 years (SD: 5.2). Of these, 60% (818) were pregnant. The non-pregnant mothers of children under five years old showed a significantly increased odds (OR: 7.55, 95% CI: 3.81, 14.93) for the uptake of malaria intervention. Within the low SES category, women aged 35 years and above were significantly less likely to utilize malaria intervention (OR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.46; p=0.005) compared to those younger. In the middle SES, women who have one or two children were 3.51 times more likely than women with three or more children to utilize malaria intervention (OR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.67-7.37; p=0.001). Conclusion: the findings provide evidence that age, maternal grouping, and parity within the SES category can significantly impact on uptake of malaria interventions. There is a need for strategies to boost the SES of women because they play significant roles in the wellbeing of members of the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children roaming the streets estimated at 1 in 10 by a 2021 United Nation Children's Funds (UNICEF) report is a growing problem, in cities of lower- and middle-income African countries. Studies of street children with no family ties abound, but there is a paucity of studies on children on the street who exist within families and return home daily. We explored the family dynamics of children on the streets of Ibadan, emphasising family structure, resources and relationships. Methods: Using an exploratory design based on a qualitative approach 53 participants were interviewed, including children on the streets, parental figures, child-welfare officers and street shop owners. Participants were selected from streets in the five urban local government areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. Recorded data were transcribed, and framework analysis was performed. Results: The family dynamics included family structural problems, poor family resources and poor parent-child relationships. The family structural problems included: broken homes, large families and ambivalence around polygamy as subthemes. Family resources comprised: poor economic resources, poor social resources, educational challenges, cultural ambivalence and spiritual backdrops. The family relationships patterns included: poor adaptability, economic-oriented partnership, poor growth support, poor emotional connection and poor family bonding. Conclusion: The dynamics driving a family's choice for child streetism in Ibadan, mostly to hawk, are devaluation of family life, parenting irresponsibility, and poor filial relationship, underscored by economic constraints and socio-cultural decadence. The results of this research buttress the need for family-level interventions to forestall the escalating phenomenon of child streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria. Contribution: This research highlights the family dynamics of children on the streets, and buttresses family-level interventions are necessary to forestall escalating child-streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management across the globe has always been a challenge for all levels of government. In Ibadan, refuse collection and disposal have become a complex, capitalintensive and expensive project such that no single institution of local government, state or federal government parastatal can finance it from its own limited resources. The only viable option was to incorporate private sector participation (PSP) into solid waste management and disposal program. This study therefore evaluated the determinants of households' willingness to pay for solid waste management in Ibadan North LGA. Structured Questionnaire was administered to elicit information from respondents on their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as their awareness and willingness to pay for waste management from the respondents. Descriptive Statistics, Likert scale, Logistic Regression and the Contingency Valuation Method were used for data analysis. The respondents preferred private waste collectors because they felt they are more efficient. The result further revealed that household size, major occupation and total household expenditure were the significant factors that determined the respondents' willingness to pay for solid waste management in Ibadan North LGA. Effective polices to encourage private and public investors to create market potential for waste disposal services should be put in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second‑most common cancer amongst women worldwide and leading cancer in women in developing countries including Nigeria. However, utilisation of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) is quite low, resulting in poor uptake of an important preventive measure to combat cervical cancer. This study was conducted to determine the parental perception of and willingness to accept the HPV vaccine for their children amongst civil servants in Ibadan. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted amongst 400 civil servants in the Oyo state secretariat, Ibadan. Pre‑tested interviewer‑assisted questionnaires were distributed to the respondents to collect data for 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentage for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables were calculated. Results: Almost half (50.3%) and 85% of the total respondents’ had heard about the HPV vaccine and were willing to accept HPV vaccine for their children, respectively, while 87.7%, 86.7% and 85.7% of the respondents’ were willing to accept HPV vaccine for their children in future if it was free, prescribed by a doctor and included in routine immunisation respectively. A high proportion (81.6%) of the total respondents had good perceptions of the vaccine and the majority of them identified knowledge, safety, effectiveness, cost, potency and fear of side effects of the vaccine as factors influencing its acceptability. Conclusion: Despite the low awareness of the HPV vaccine amongst the study group, most parents had good perceptions regarding the vaccine and were willing to vaccinate their wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a report of two cases of patients with bilateral congenital anophthalmos who presented to a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting the need for increased implementation of fetal anomaly scans coverage during pregnancy in Nigeria. Information on patients' sociodemographic data, clinical features, and management are described. Both patients presented because of the inability of the parents to view the globes after delivery. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography confirmed bilateral absence of the eyeballs in both patients and the parents were counseled on the anomaly including its treatment and prognosis.

Background: Africa is experiencing an epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and the projected mortality from NCDs by 2030 will overtake the combined mortality from communicable diseases. Nutrition is a key modality for preventing and treating NCDs, and optimal nutrition knowledge is essential for self-care. Aim: This study assessed the nutritional-related knowledge, dietary practice, and weight status of patients with non-communicable diseases attending State Specialist Hospital, Ring Road, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 adult patients with chronic diseases attending a district hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interviewer's administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, diet-related knowledge and dietary practices, sources of dietary information and body mass index. The knowledge and practice score was calculated, and Chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations between socio-demographics, nutrition-related knowledge and practices; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 61.94 ± 10.60, and 74.4% were women. Overall, 61.3% of the respondents had good nutrition knowledge, with a higher proportion among women (61.8%) than men (59.5%). However, more women were overweight (33.2%) or obese (21.7%). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of respondents based on income (P < 0.034), duration of illness (P < 0.012), as well as nutrition practice (P < 0.000). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants despite the overall satisfactory nutritional knowledge. Hence, primary care physicians as frontline doctors coordinating care need to advocate for holistic weight reduction strategies in managing chronic diseases.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to diverse indoor microbial aerosols and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children aged 1 to 59 months in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight (178) hospital-based LRTI cases among under-five children were matched for age (± 3 months), sex and geographical location with 180 community-based controls (under-five children without LRTI). Following consent from caregivers of eligible participants, a child's health questionnaire, clinical proforma and standardized home-walkthrough checklist were used to collect data. Participant homes were visited and sampled for indoor microbial exposures using active sampling approach by Anderson sampler. Indoor microbial count (IMC), total bacterial count (TBC), and total fungal count (TFC) were estimated and dichotomized into high (> median) and low (≤ median) exposures. Alpha diversity measures including richness (R), Shannon (H) and Simpson (D) indices were also estimated. Conditional logistic regression models were used to test association between exposure to indoor microbial aerosols and LRTI risk among under-five children. Results: Significantly higher bacterial and fungal diversities were found in homes of cases (R = 3.00; H = 1.04; D = 2.67 and R = 2.56; H = 0.82; D = 2.33) than homes of controls (R = 2.00; H = 0.64; D = 1.80 and R = 1.89; H = 0.55; D = 1.88) p < 0.001, respectively. In the multivariate models, higher categories of exposure to IMC (aOR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.44–4.97), TBC (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.36–4.65), TFC (aOR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.54–4.89), bacterial diversity (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.24) and fungal diversity (aOR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.55–5.79) were independently associated with LRTI risk among under-five children. Conclusions: This study suggests an increased risk of LRTI when children under the age of five years are exposed to high levels of indoor microbial aerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the dynamics of access to electricity in two West African cities: Cotonou (Benin) and Ibadan (Nigeria). Due to poor supply from the grid, households are developing varied ways of accessing electricity, based on different socio-technical dispositifs. In this paper we first demonstrate that access to electricity is based on co-production processes that must be approached from a multi-scale perspective (from the household to the urban scale). We then argue that particular attention to the socio-technical and spatial dimension of co-production arrangements makes it possible to interpret urban electrical configurations and their evolution. We thus show that co-production processes, relying on many actors and technologies to meet a growing and diversified demand for electricity in cities, support an ongoing movement of extension-hybridisation of electricity configurations on an urban scale, thus offering an interesting perspective on power changes in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]