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BackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major health issue in the United States, and an estimated 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV. As part of Healthy People 2020, the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion has targeted the persistent demographic and geographic disparities in HIV prevalence and management. Preliminary evidence suggests that mobile health technology (smartphone apps) may be a promising way to support HIV self-management among vulnerable populations of people living with HIV (PLWH) who lack access to appropriate health care services. ObjectiveThis study examines the association between individual characteristics of PLWH and level of interest in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management. MethodsThis study was conducted using cross-sectional survey data collected in the Florida Cohort Study between 2014 and 2016 (N=766). Associations between individual characteristics of PLWH and level of interest in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management were examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. ResultsOverall, 85.5% (655/766) of respondents were interested in using a free mobile phone app that supports HIV self-management. Participants expressed the highest interest in app functions that facilitate communication with health care providers (568/740, 76.8%) or help to identify relevant health care services (556/745 74.6%). Age (OR 0.959, 95% CI 0.936-0.982), education (OR 1.281, 95% CI 1.027-1.598) and disability or inability to work (OR 0.296, 95% CI 0.145-0.606) were all significantly associated with being interested in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management. ConclusionsThis study indicates that a majority of PLWH are interested in using a free mobile phone app to self-manage their condition. The findings can inform the development of mobile phone apps that support effective HIV self-management.

Background: There are various Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms used to index general practice research, without consistency. Aim: To understand how general practice-related research is indexed in the main general practice journals between 2011 and 2021, and to analyse the factors that influenced the choice of the general practice-related MeSH. Design and setting: This was a quantitative bibliometric study conducted on MEDLINE. Method: MeSH were selected according to the international definition of General Practice/Family Medicine: 'General Practice', 'Primary Health Care', 'Family Practice', 'General Practitioners', 'Physicians, Primary Care', and 'Physicians, Family'. Their use was studied from 2011 to 2021 on MEDLINE, reviewing the 20 general practice journals with the highest impact factors. A descriptive and analytical approach was used; the association of the country, journal, and year with the choice of general practice-related MeSH terms was analysed. Results: A total of 8514 of 150 286 articles (5.7%) were using one of the general practice-related MeSH terms. The most used were 'Primary Health Care' (4648/9984, 46.6%) and 'General Practice' (2841/9984, 28.5%). A total of 80.0% (6172/7723) of the articles were related to the UK or US and 71.0% (6055/8514) of the articles came from four journals (BJGP, BMJ, Journal of General Internal Medicine, and Annals of Family Medicine). Two main country clusters emerged from the use of general practice-related MeSH: a British cluster mainly using 'General Practice' and an American cluster using 'Primary Health Care'. The journals also mainly differed in their used of these two MeSH terms. Conclusion: Important variations in the indexation of general practice research were found. Researchers should consider combining 'Primary Health Care' and 'General Practice' in their PubMed searches to access all the general practice research, regardless of their country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is a necessity for high-quality medicine. We used the MEDLINE database to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research output with respect to primary care by 21 countries. For the period 1974 to 2017, the United States and the United Kingdom stood out in terms of publication volume, and the UK, Canada, and Australia had the greatest percentage of publications in primary care. As of 2017, publications in primary care represented a small proportion of total publications. The countries with the greatest publication productivity possess factors that should be considered with respect to strengthening research in primary care. Key words: research report; primary care, family practice; general practice; general practitioners; physicians, primary care; primary health care; physicians, family, INTRODUCTION In a 2008 report the World Health Organization underscored the need to develop the production of knowledge and research work in primary care (PC). (1) Several studies have been [...]

Background: Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is an important source of preventable morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe changes in the prevalence of SDP over the last 25 years in developed countries (Human Development Index >0.8 in 2020) and associated social inequalities. Data sources: A systematic review was conducted based on a search in PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo databases and government sources. Study selection and data extraction: Published studies between January 1995 and March 2020, for which the primary outcome was to assess the national prevalence of SDP and the secondary outcome was to describe related socio‐economic data were included in the analysis. The selected articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French or Italian. Synthesis: The articles were selected after successive reading of the titles, abstracts and full‐length text. An independent double reading with intervention of a third reader in case of disagreement allowed including 35 articles from 14 countries in the analysis. Results: The prevalence of SDP differed across the countries studied despite comparable levels of development. After 2015, the prevalence of SDP ranged between 4.2% in Sweden and 16.6% in France. It was associated with socio‐economic factors. The prevalence of SDP slowly decreased over time, but this overall trend masked inequalities within populations. In Canada, France and the United States, the prevalence decreased more rapidly in women of higher socio‐economic status, and inequalities in maternal smoking were more marked in these countries. In the other countries, inequalities tended to decrease but remained significant. Conclusions: During pregnancy, that is a period described as a window of opportunity, smoking and social vulnerability factors need to be detected to implement targeted prevention strategies aiming at reducing related social inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study examined whether associations between perceived school experiences and achievement motivation varied by language acculturation and generational status among a sample of immigrant and U.S. born Latino adolescents (n = 129). Ogbu's (1993) notion of primary and secondary cultural differences was adapted to better suit comparisons within this Latino group using the terms cultural attributes and cultural adaptations. Academic competence, school belonging, and parent involvement were positively related to achievement motivation. Academic competence and parent involvement were strongly related to achievement motivation among students who spoke English or were born in the U.S., suggesting that these associations may be cultural adaptations. Future intervention programs for Latino students, regardless of acculturation or generational status, should focus on making them feel supported and included. Acculturated Latino youth and youth who have lived in the U.S. for a long time should be targeted for programs that enhance academic competence and parent involvement.

Despite the development of targeted interventions for men who have sex with men, this population continues to comprise the majority of new HIV diagnoses. Though condoms are highly efficacious, some sexually active MSM use sero-sorting as a method of HIV prevention. This study aimed to characterize: (1) differences between partner sero-status and condom use likelihood, and (2) demographic, behavioral, and knowledge-related factors influencing condom use likelihood with varying sero-status partners. Using convenience sampling, 150 sexual and gender minority men completed a survey on PrEP and sexual behaviors. The majority of participants identified as racial/ethnic minorities (51.7%), having 4 years of college or more (52.0%), and being HIV-negative (not on PrEP) (68.8%). Our sample reported the lowest average condom use likelihood with a partner on PrEP (2.93 ± 1.39) and the highest average likelihood with an HIV-positive partner (unknown VL) (4.57 ± 0.98). Age, race/ethnicity, education, HIV-status, and HIV and PrEP knowledge were significantly associated with differences in condom use likelihood. Our findings elucidate the complexity of sero-sorting scenarios and decision-making processes in the context of biomedical HIV prevention. These results may provide insight for future condom use and sero-sorting interventions in the context of biomedical HIV prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]