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Rajiha A Ibrahim,1– 3 Nega Berhe,1 Zelalem Mekuria,3,4 Eyasu T Seyoum,3 Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat,3,5 Tamrat Abebe,6 Solomon H Mariam,1 Estifanos Tsige,2 Surafel Fentaw Dinku,2 Shu-Hua Wang3,7 1Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 4Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 5Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 6Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Schools of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USACorrespondence: Rajiha A Ibrahim, Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, PO Box: 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251920602640, Email rajihabubeker@gmail.com; Ibrahim.258@osu.eduBackground: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections from mild skin and soft tissue to severe life-threatening bacteremia. The pathogenicity of S. aureus infections is related to various bacterial surface components and extracellular proteins such as toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). In this study we determine the antimicrobial resistance of isolated strains and their virulence genes in Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 190 archived S. aureus isolates from four Ethiopia Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance sites were analyzed. The identification of S. aureus was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF Biotyper) and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was done using VITEK® 2. Multiplex PCR was used to detect mecA, mecC, pvl and spa genes and super-antigens (sea, seb, sec, seh and sej staphylococcal enterotoxins).Results: A total of 172 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus, 9 (5.23%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 163 (94.76%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). AST showed that 152 (88.4%) isolates were resistant to penicillin; 90 (52.32%) resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; and 45 (26.16%) resistant to tetracycline. A total of 66 (38.37%) isolates harbored at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin gene and 31 (46.96%) isolates had more than one. The most frequent enterotoxin gene encountered was seb 28 (16.28%). The TSST-1 gene was detected in 23 (13.37%). Presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin gene showed significant association with antibiotic resistance to cefoxitin, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and SXT. The pvl gene was detected in 102 (59.3%) of isolates. Isolates from patients below 15 years of age showed significantly high numbers of pvl gene (P = 0.02). Presence of sej (P = 0.011) and TSST-1 (P < 0.001) genes were associated with the presence of pvl gene.Conclusion: In this study, isolates were highly resistant to oral antibiotics and the pvl, seb, sea and TSST-1 genes were prevalent.Keywords: MRSA, enterotoxin genes, Panton-Valentine leucocidin, PVL, Ethiopia

Mohamad S Yasin, Ghayda’a M Al-Labadi, Mohammad Ali Alshrouf, Bayan A AlRaie, Raneem A Ibrahim, Lana A AlRaie Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, JordanCorrespondence: Lana A AlRaie, Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan, Tel +962776129370, Email Lanaalraie@yahoo.comBackground: Flatfoot is commonly seen in the community and is a common cause of concern for parents because it could become symptomatic and lead to decreased quality of life. One of the most used management approaches is foot orthoses, although no clear evidence supports their use. We aimed to study flatfoot symptoms’ prevalence, effect on activities of daily living, and the use and effectiveness of orthoses.Methodology: This was a cross‐sectional study that included five countries from the Middle East and North Africa region (Jordan, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Iraq). Data were collected using an online questionnaire directed toward parents of children aged 0 to 16 from September to December 2020. The demographic factors were expressed as frequencies (percentages) using standard descriptive statistical parameters, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between study factors.Results: 1256 participants were recruited using this online survey. The majority (29.6%) of children were diagnosed in the age group of 0 to 2. The abnormal appearance of the foot was the most common (78.7%) complaint. Overall, 54.2% of patients were prescribed orthoses, of which 36.8% noticed improvement in flatness and 37.6% reported relief of symptoms.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that most participants have no or minimal symptoms and that there is a mismatch between participants’ expectations and the actual effectiveness of orthoses. Taking into consideration that there is no clear evidence to support the corrective effect of orthoses, we recommend that physicians prescribing them adhere more to their proper indications and spend more time and effort counseling and addressing patients’ and parents’ concerns about this developmental stage.Keywords: flatfoot, foot deformity, pediatric, foot orthoses, cross-sectional

Abdelazeem M Algammal,1 Khyreyah J Alfifi,2 Mahmoud Mabrok,3 Marfat Alatawy,2 Dalia A Abdel-moneam,4 Saad Alghamdi,5 Marwa M Azab,6 Reham A Ibrahim,7 Helal F Hetta,8 Reham M El-Tarabili1 1Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 4Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt; 5Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 7Marine Environmental Division- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Suez, 43511, Egypt; 8Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, EgyptCorrespondence: Abdelazeem M Algammal, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt, Email abdelazeem.algammal@vet.suez.edu.eg Mahmoud Mabrok, Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt, Email dr.mahmoudmabrok@yahoo.comBackground: Bacillus cereus is a common food poisoning pathogen in humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram profile, pathogenicity, dissemination of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with natural B. cereus infection among Mugil seheli.Methods: Consequently, 120 M. seheli (40 healthy and 80 diseased) were obtained from private fish farms in Port-said Governorate, Egypt. Afterward, samples were processed for clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological examinations. The recovered isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic assessment of virulence factors, pathogeneicity, and PCR-based detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.Results: B. cereus was isolated from 30 (25%) examined fish; the highest prevalence was noticed in the liver (50%). The phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the gyrB gene revealed that the tested B. cereus isolate displayed a high genetic similarity with other B. cereus strains from different origins. All the recovered B. cereus isolates (n =60, 100%) exhibited β-hemolytic and lecithinase activities, while 90% (54/60) of the tested isolates were biofilm producers. Using PCR, the tested B. cereus isolates harbor nhe, hbl, cytK, pc-plc, and ces virulence genes with prevalence rates of 91.6%, 86.6%, 83.4%, 50%, and 33.4%, respectively. Moreover, 40% (24/60) of the tested B. cereus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to six antimicrobial classes and carried the bla 1, bla 2, tetA, and ermA genes. The experimentally infected fish with B. cereus showed variable mortality in direct proportion to the inoculated doses.Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first report that emphasized the existence of MDR B. cereus in M. seheli that reflects a threat to the public health and the aquaculture sector. Newly emerging MDR B. cereus in M. seheli commonly carried virulence genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and pc-plc, as well as resistance genes bla 1, bla 2, tetA, and ermA.Keywords: MDR B. cereus, virulence traits, antibiogram, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance genes

Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky,1,2 Reham Ali Ibrahim,1 Doaa Safwat Mohamed,2 Eman Farouk Ahmed,2 Zeinab Shawky Hashem1 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 11566, EgyptCorrespondence: Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-BakyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Tel +20 1092487412Email rehab.mahmoud@mu.edu.egIntroduction: Escherichia (E.) coli can cause intestinal and extra-intestinal infections which ranged from mild to life-threatening infections. The severity of infection is a product of many factors including virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, the distribution of virulence factors and their association with one another and with some selected resistance genes.Methods: Virulence properties were analyzed phenotypically while antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. In addition, 64 E. coli isolates were tested for 6 colicin genes, fimH, hlyA, traT, csgA, crl virulence genes and bla−CTX-M-15, bla−oxa-2, and bla−oxa-10 resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolated from urine and blood samples represented a battery of virulence factors and resistance genes with a great ability to produce biofilm. Also, a significant association (P< 0.05) among most of the tested colicin, virulence and resistance genes was observed. The observed associations indicate the importance and contribution of the tested factors in the establishment and the progress of infection especially with Extra-intestinal E. coli (ExPEC) which is considered a great challenging health problem.Conclusion: There is a need for studying how to control these factors to decrease the rate and the severity of infections. The relationship between virulence factors and resistance genes is complex and needs more studies that should be specific for each area.Keywords: E. coli, virulence, resistance, colicin genes, ESBL, bla−CTX-M-15, bla−oxa-2, bla−oxa-10

Sara M Farhan,1 Reham A Ibrahim,2 Khaled M Mahran,3 Helal F Hetta4,5, Rehab M Abd El-Baky1,21Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt; 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519 Egypt; 3General Surgery and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519 Egypt; 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USABackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) represents a great threat to public health worldwide, due to its high ability to acquire resistance to different antibiotic classes. Carbapenems are effective against multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa, but their widespread use has resulted in the emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains, which is considered a major global concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different sites of infection.Methods: Between October 2016 and February 2018, a total of 530 clinical specimens were collected from patients suffering from different infections, then processed and cultured. Isolates were tested for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production using double-disk synergy test, modified Hodge tests, and disc potentiation test. PCR was used for the detection of selected OXA carbapenemases encoding genes.Results: Of 530 samples, 150 (28.3%) P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained. MDR strains were found in 66.6% (100 of 150) of isolates. Of 100 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, 54 (54%) were ESBL producers and 21 (21%) carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa. MBL production was found in 52.3% (eleven) carbapenem-resistant isolates. CTX-M15 was found among 55.5% of ESBL- producing P. aeruginosa. Carbapenemase genes detected were blaIMP (42.8%, nine of 21), blaVIM (52.3%, eleven of 21), blaGIM (52.3%, eleven of 21), blaSPM (38%, 8/21). In addition, isolates that were positive for the tested genes showed high resistance to other antimicrobials, such as colistin sulfate and tigecycline.Conclusion: Our study indicates that P. aeruginosa harboring ESBL and MBL with limited sensitivity to antibiotics are common among the isolated strains, which indicates the great problem facing the treatment of serious infectious diseases. As such, there is a need to study the resistance patterns of isolates and carry out screening for the presence of ESBL and MBL enzymes, in order to choose the proper antibiotic.Keywords: MDR; P. aeruginosa, ESBL, MBL, antimicrobial resistance

Abstract Background The accuracy of digital implant transfer is currently under investigation in relation to the effect of saliva, scan body material, and exposed length. Methods Six completely edentulous casts with four implant fixtures were fabricated. The four implant fixtures in each cast were placed below the crest of the ridge of the casts by 1.5 mm. The four implant fixtures were alternately attached to four implant scan bodies (PEEK) Group (I) and (TITANIUM) Group (II). For each cast, two flexible polyurethane layers with varying thicknesses were fabricated and molded on the six 3D printed identical casts after the placement of the implant fixtures in each cast for the soft tissue moulage in the cast. The six casts were alternately covered with a 2 mm and 4 mm thick layer. The six reference casts were recorded using a coordinate measurement machine (CMM) and subsequently scanned with an Intraoral scanner (MEDIT I 700). The scanning was conducted under both dry and wet conditions, with artificial saliva applied. The scanning platform consisted of two transparent acrylic boxes, and the process followed standardized scanning conditions using a digital lux meter (n = 48). The mean difference and standard deviation values (± SD) between the implant scan bodies measured on the reference and experimental scans were calculated using the inspection software program (Medit design). Data were fed to the computer and analyzed using IBM SPSS software package version 20.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used to verify the normality of distribution. Quantitative data mean and standard deviation. The significance of the obtained results was determined at the 5% level. The student t-test for normally distributed quantitative variables was used to compare the two groups studied. Results Statistically significant differences in wettability condition discrepancies were found between groups (I) and (II) (p

This study fills a significant vacuum in the literature and offers insightful information, especially pertinent to the Arabic and Gulf areas. In support of the socioeconomic development and diversification initiatives in these areas, it encourages the creation of educational policies and practices that can improve student job chances. Educators and policymakers play a crucial role in implementing these recommendations, ensuring that effective STEM education equips future generations with the knowledge and skills to navigate and secure digital environments, mitigating risks posed by cyber threats. By preparing students to excel in STEM disciplines, they ensure that the future workforce is ready to contribute to and shape a safer, more innovative future. Today's STEM workforce requires continuous education to stay abreast of advancements in STEM fields. Online delivery of STEM courses enables higher education institutions to collaborate effectively with industry partners, minimizing disruptions to productivity. This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of students' STEM knowledge and skills through e-learning platforms using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The dataset comprises 212 participants and 15 indicators, analyzed using measurement and structural models. Results indicate significant findings supporting hypotheses: E-Learning (E.L.) improving Student employment opportunities (SEO) (B=0.539, t=8.884, p=0.000) and E.L. improving STEM (B=0.465, t=8.849, p=0.000), validating H1 and H2, respectively. H3 explores how possessing STEM knowledge mediates E-Learning's impact on SEO, revealing a notable indirect relationship (B=0.082, t=2.303, p=0.021). Integrating E-Learning with STEM fosters a robust digital infrastructure, addressing talent shortages and improving human resource management amidst global technological advances. Online STEM courses are increasingly recognized as a viable solution to national STEM challenges, overcoming traditional adoption barriers. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-014 Full Text: PDF

AbstractThe collaboration between India and the Gulf regions presents a promising opportunity for sustainable economic innovation amidst global challenges. However, there is a notable research gap in understanding how machine learning techniques, particularly clustering, can drive such innovation effectively in this context. Existing literature lacks tailored models for the India–Gulf interchange’s specific needs. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the application of machine learning clustering models to identify factors and opportunities for sustainable economic innovation. Specifically, it seeks to leverage these techniques to foster strategic partnerships and address environmental, social, and governance factors. Through SWOT analysis and clustering, the study identifies integration elements and proposes a forward-looking Paradigm for Future Development. The findings advocate for strategic collaborations and offer a model methodology for sustainable development, with broader policy implications. The study reveals that Current Saudi Arabia’s progress is linked to strategies akin to India’s, suggesting India as a model for Gulf countries.

Gel electrophoresis is essential in molecular biology and biochemistry for separating and analyzing DNA, RNA, and proteins. UV sensitivity and compatibility have led to the use of ethidium bromide stains. Mutagenic and toxic, ethidium bromide poses health and environmental risks, requiring strict handling and disposal procedures. This has led to safer, more eco-friendly staining options like SYBR Safe and patented plant-based dyes with reduced toxicity and improved sensitivity. Modern dyes meet rigorous laboratory safety standards and are compatible with safer visualization methods like blue light, improving user safety. We compare the efficacy, cost, and environmental impact of commercial electrophoresis stains in this review. These comparisons suggest using SYBR-safe or plant-based dyes, which stain well in safer lab conditions. These alternatives improve electrophoresis sustainability and safety without compromising analytical quality.

A TT-symmetric univalent function is a complex valued function that is conformally mapping the unit disk onto itself and satisfies the symmetry condition ϕ[T](ζ)=[ϕ(ζT)]1∕T{\phi }^{\left[T]}\left(\zeta )={\left[\phi \left({\zeta }^{T})]}^{1/T} for all ζ\zeta in the unit disk. In other words, it is a complex function that preserves the unit disk’s shape and orientation and is symmetric about the unit circle. They are used in the study of geometric function theory and the theory of univalent functions. In recent effort, we extend the class of fractional anomalous diffusion equations in a symmetric complex domain. we aim to present the analytic univalent solution for such a class using special functions technique. Our analysis and comparative findings are further supported by the geometric simulations for the univalent solution such as the convexity and starlikeness of the diffusion. As a consequence of illustration of a list of conditions yielding the univalent solutions (normalize analytic function in the open unit disk), the normalization of diffusion shape is achieved.

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) and male genital schistosomiasis (MGS) are gender-specific manifestations of urogenital schistosomiasis. Morbidity is a consequence of prolonged inflammation in the human genital tract caused by the entrapped eggs of the waterborne parasite, Schistosoma (S.) haematobium. Both diseases affect the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of millions of people globally, especially in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Awareness and knowledge of these diseases is largely absent among affected communities and healthcare workers in endemic countries. Accurate burden of FGS and MGS disease estimates, single and combined, are absent, mostly due to the absence of standardized methods for individual or population-based screening and diagnosis. In addition, there are disparities in country-specific FGS and MGS knowledge, research and implementation approaches, and diagnosis and treatment. There are currently no WHO guidelines to inform practice. The BILGENSA (Genital Bilharzia in Southern Africa) Research Network aimed to create a collaborative multidisciplinary network to advance clinical research of FGS and MGS across Southern African endemic countries. The workshop was held in Lusaka, Zambia over two days in November 2022. Over 150 researchers and stakeholders from different schistosomiasis endemic settings attended. Attendees identified challenges and research priorities around FGS and MGS from their respective countries. Key research themes identified across settings included: 1) To increase the knowledge about the local burden of FGS and MGS; 2) To raise awareness among local communities and healthcare workers; 3) To develop effective and scalable guidelines for disease diagnosis and management; 4) To understand the effect of treatment interventions on disease progression, and 5) To integrate FGS and MGS within other existing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. In its first meeting, the BILGENSA Network set forth a common research agenda across S. haematobium endemic countries for the control of FGS and MGS.

This work examines the behaviour of flow and heat transmission in the presence of hybrid nanofluid in thermal radiation, heat generation, and magnetohydrodynamics. The hybrid state in this model is represented by two different fluids, TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and Ag (silver). The enclosure is wavy and slanted, with curving walls on the left and right. The finite difference approximation method was utilized to resolve the fundamental equations after they were non-dimensionalized, which are further reduced to a fourth-order bi-harmonic equation and are numerically solved based on the biconjugate gradient-stabilized approach method. The simulations are performed with various Rayleigh numbers, Hartmann numbers, an inclination angle of the enclosure, radiation parameters, heat generation parameters, inclination angle of the magnetic field, and volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles. The streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number contours are used to depict the thermo-fluid patterns. The findings show that the average Nusselt number relies on ϕ and increases as ϕ rises. The investigation’s findings demonstrated that the transfer of heat on the heated bottom wall significantly increases with the Rayleigh number (Ra = 105 and 106). At a cavity inclination of 45°, interesting multi-vortex structures are observed. The results of this study may enhance the effectiveness of solar collectors, heat exchangers, and other similar systems that depend on convective heat transfer in nature.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence senior management for adopting blockchain technology in the banking industry in general and Islamic banking in particular. Furthermore, the research addressed the moderating role of technological turbulence as it holds a significant hindering role. This study employed the analytical approach, and the data were collected through questionnaires distributed to several senior management employees in both the Jordan Islamic Bank and the Islamic Arab Bank. The research instrument was developed and confirmed by the experts in the field. For identifying the significance of the variables incorporated in the researchers applied structural equation modeling technique. The findings revealed that economic efficiency, bank security, customer expectations, education, training and preparation all are significant predictors of readiness for implementing blockchain technology in the Islamic banks in Jordan. The study concluded that blockchain technology should be adopted by all Islamic banks because of its advantages and also the management needs to be educated regarding the same; they should be provided appropriate training.

Sign language is the most prevalent form of communication among people with speech and hearing disabilities. The most widely used types of sign language involve the creation of static or dynamic gestures using hand(s). Among many sign languages, Bengali Sign Language (BdSL) is one of the most complicated sign languages to learn and comprehend because of its enormous alphabet, vocabulary, and variation in expression techniques. Existing solutions include learning BdSL or hiring an interpreter. Besides, BdSL interpreter support is hard to come by and expensive (if not voluntary). Disabled people might find it more comfortable to converse with generals implementing machine translation of sign language. Deep learning that mimics the human brain, a subset of the machine learning domain, seems to be a viable solution. For the hearing impaired and non verbal community, computer vision, in particular, may hold the key to finding a solution. Therefore, we have created a novel model, KUNet (“Khulna University Network” a CNN based model), a classification framework optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA), has been proposed to classify BdSL. This model and the dataset contribute to creating a BdSL machine translator. GA-optimized KUNet acquired an accuracy of 99.11% on KU-BdSL. After training the model on KU-BdSL, we demonstrated a comparison of the model with state-of-the-art studies and interpreted the black-box nature of the model using explainable AI (XAI). Additionally, we have found that our model outperformed several well-known models trained on the KU-BdSL dataset. This study will benefit the hearing impaired and non verbal community by allowing them to communicate effortlessly and minimizing their hardship.

Patients with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis may feel anxiety and experience insomnia. Anxiety is one of the factors that affects insomnia in patients with chronic kidney disease. One of the nursing interventions to reduce patient anxiety and insomnia is psychoeducation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of psychoeducation to reduce anxiety and insomnia in patients with chronic kidney failure treated in the hemodialysis unit. This was a quasi-experimental research using pre-test and post-test design with control group. The total sample was 54 respondents using a convenience sampling technique. Insomnia was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire and anxiety was measured using the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale questionnaire. Psychoeducation intervention was carried out within three weeks. The results showed there were differences of anxiety score in the intervention group (p

Abstract Background Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing to deafened patients. The foreign body response (FBR) following cochlear implantation (post-CI) comprises an infiltration of macrophages, other immune and non-immune cells, and fibrosis into the scala tympani, a space that is normally devoid of cells. This FBR is associated with negative effects on CI outcomes including increased electrode impedances and loss of residual acoustic hearing. This study investigates the extent to which macrophage depletion by an orally administered CSF-1R specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor, PLX-5622, modulates the tissue response to CI and neural health. Main text 10- to 12-week-old CX3CR1 + /GFP Thy1 + /YFP mice on C57BL/6J/B6 background was fed chow containing 1200 mg/kg PLX5622 or control chow for the duration of the study. 7 days after starting the diet, 3-channel cochlear implants were implanted in the ear via the round window. Serial impedance and neural response telemetry (NRT) measurements were acquired throughout the study. Electric stimulation began 7 days post-CI until 28 days post-CI for 5 h/day, 5 days/week, with programming guided by NRT and behavioral responses. Cochleae harvested at 10, 28 or 56 days post-CI were cryosectioned and labeled with an antibody against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to identify myofibroblasts and quantify the fibrotic response. Using IMARIS image analysis software, the outlines of scala tympani, Rosenthal canal, modiolus, and lateral wall for each turn were traced manually to measure region volume. The density of nuclei, CX3CR1 + macrophages, Thy1 + spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) numbers, and the ratio of the α-SMA + volume/scala tympani volume were calculated. Cochlear implantation in control diet subjects caused infiltration of cells, including macrophages, into the cochlea. Fibrosis was evident in the scala tympani adjacent to the electrode array. Mice fed PLX5622 chow showed reduced macrophage infiltration throughout the implanted cochleae across all time points. However, scala tympani fibrosis was not reduced relative to control diet subjects. Further, mice treated with PLX5622 showed increased electrode impedances compared to controls. Finally, treatment with PLX5622 decreased SGN survival in implanted and contralateral cochleae. Conclusion The data suggest that macrophages play an important role in modulating the intracochlear tissue response following CI and neural survival.

This article presents a comprehensive literature survey on fractional-order optimal control problems. Fractional-order differential equation is extensively used nowadays to model real-world systems accurately, which exhibit fractal dimensions, memory effects, as well as chaotic behaviour. These versatile features attract engineers to concentrate more on this, and it is widely used in the broad domain of science and technology. The mentioned numerical tools take the necessary optimal conditions into account, which makes it a two-point boundary value problem of non-integer order. In this review article, some numerical approaches for the approximation have been stated for obtaining the solution to fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). Here, few numerical approaches including Grunwald-Letnikov approximation, Adams type predictor-corrector method, generalized Euler’s method, Caputo-Fabrizio method Bernoulli and Legendre polynomials method, Legendre operational method, and Ritz’s and Jacobi’s method are treated as an advanced method to obtain the solution of FOCP. Fractional delayed optimal control is selected for our investigation. It refers to a type of control problem where the control action is delayed by a fractional amount of time. In other words, the control input at a given time depends not only on the current state of the system but also on its past state at fractional times. The fractional delayed optimal control problem is formulated as an optimization problem that seeks to minimize a cost function subject to a set of constraints that represent the dynamics of the system and the fractional delay in the control input. The solution to this problem typically involves the use of fractional polynomials types, i.e. Chebyshev and Bassel polynomials.

Among fruits, the apple is unique for producing large amounts of the dihydrochalcone phloridzin, which, together with phloretin, its aglycone, is valuable to the pharmaceutical and food industries for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as its use as a sweetener. We analysed the phloridzin concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the peel, flesh, seeds, juice, and pomace of 13 international and local apple varieties. In the unprocessed fruit, the seeds had the highest phloridzin content, while the highest total phenolic contents were mostly found in the peel. In processed samples, phloridzin and the total phenolic compounds especially were higher mostly in juice than in pomace. Moreover, the total phenolic content was much higher than the phloridzin content. Juice showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the peel and flesh. Across all samples, antioxidant activity did not directly correlate with phloridzin concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant activity ascribed to phloridzin may need re-evaluation. In the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, phloridzin only showed antioxidant activity at high concentrations when compared to its aglycone, phloretin. Considering the large amounts of apple juice produced by the juice industry, residual pomace is a promising source of phloridzin. For technical use, processing this phloridzin to phloretin would be advantageous.

This research investigates the impact of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Sales Growth, and Gender Diversity on Environmental Performance (EP) among 75 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange participating in the PROPER program from 2019 to 2022. The study employs a random effects model. The findings indicate that ROA, DER, Sales Growth, and Gender Diversity significantly influence EP. Specifically, Firm Size (FZ) moderates the impact of DER on EP. However, Firm Size does not significantly moderate the effects of ROA, Sales Growth, and Gender Diversity on EP. The research provides insights into factors contributing to the financial performance of companies and the moderating role of firm size. The novelty of the study lies in the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between ROA, DER, Sales Growth, and Gender Diversity with environmental performance. The research contributes to legitimacy, stakeholder, and agency theories. Policymakers can leverage these insights to formulate strategies that encourage corporate sustainability. This study offers valuable information for companies aiming to enhance both environmental and financial performance, ultimately contributing to broader societal well-being.

While Parkinson’s disease (PD) is typically characterized by motor disorder, there is also evidence of diminished emotion perception in PD patients. This study examines the utility of electroencephalography (EEG) signals to understand emotional differences between PD and healthy controls (HCs), and for automated PD detection. Employing traditional machine learning and deep learning methods on multiple EEG descriptors, we explore (a) dimensional and categorical emotion recognition and (b) PD versus HC classification from multiple descriptors characterizing emotional EEG signals. Our results reveal that PD patients comprehend arousal better than valence and, among emotion categories, fear, disgust, and surprise less accurately, and sadness most accurately. Mislabeling analyses confirm confounds among opposite-valence emotions for PD data. Emotional EEG responses also achieve near-perfect PD versus HC recognition. Cumulatively, our study demonstrates that (a) examining implicit responses alone enables (i) discovery of valence-related impairments in PD patients and (ii) differentiation of PD from HC and that (b) emotional EEG analysis is an ecologically valid, effective, practical, and sustainable tool for PD diagnosis vis-à-vis self-reports, expert assessments, and resting-state analysis.

Flameless combustion of producer gas offers significant environmental and efficiency advantages, but its implementation requires careful optimization of both the combustor design and operating conditions. This article is aimed to design a combustion chamber utilizing producer gas for achieving flameless combustion using SOLID-WORKS, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS-FLUENT simulation and Design of Experiment (DOE) from Minitab software. The design varied inlet nozzle diameters from 20 to 50 mm and combustor heights from 500 to 800 mm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is utilized to explore the impact of altering chamber height and inlet diameter in order to achieve efficiency in flameless combustion. The producer gas composition and simulation parameters were based on prior studies. The evaluation is focused on CO, NOx emissions and the Damköhler number, and using Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology for optimization. Results showed that chamber height and inlet diameter had limited effects on combustion and CO emission. Therefore, increasing chamber height raised NOx emissions due to prolonged fuel exposure to high temperatures, while varying inlet nozzle diameter has no effect on Damköhler number, but chamber’s height does. Finally, Minitab optimization suggested a chamber with 30 mm inlet nozzle diameter and 600 mm height for desirable flameless combustion, and operating on an equivalence ratio of φ=0.7which resulted in the lowest CO and NOx emissions, with values of 71.5 ppm and 5.05 ppm, respectively.

Sign language is a form of communication medium for speech and hearing disabled people. It has various forms with different troublesome patterns, which are difficult for the general mass to comprehend. Bengali sign language (BdSL) is one of the difficult sign languages due to its immense number of alphabet, words, and expression techniques. Machine translation can ease the difficulty for disabled people to communicate with generals. From the machine learning (ML) domain, computer vision can be the solution for them, and every ML solution requires a optimized model and a proper dataset. Therefore, in this research work, we have created a BdSL dataset and named `KU-BdSL', which consists of 30 classes describing 38 consonants (‘banjonborno’) of the Bengali alphabet. The dataset includes 1500 images of hand signs in total, each representing Bengali consonant(s). Thirty-nine participants (30 males and 9 females) of different ages (21–38 years) participated in the creation of this dataset. We adopted smartphones to capture the images due to the availability of their high-definition cameras. We believe that this dataset can be beneficial to the deaf and dumb (D&D) community. Identification of Bengali consonants of BdSL from images or videos is feasible using the dataset. It can also be employed for a human-machine interface for disabled people. In the future, we will work on the vowels and word level of BdSL.

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adoption and evolution of delivery services in Oman. While the pandemic has presented new opportunities for delivery companies and related apps, there is a lack of research specifically focused on the Omani context. To address this gap, our study develops an integrated model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), incorporating additional variables to examine the role of customer satisfaction, trust, and service quality in the adoption of delivery services. Using a quantitative approach, we conducted a study involving systematic random sampling to collect responses from individuals with experience in using online purchase and delivery services. The model was evaluated using in-sample and out-of-sample prediction techniques, as well as measurement and structural analysis employing PLS-SEM. Our proposed model demonstrated strong predictive power and validity. The findings emphasize the significant contributions of service quality and trust to customer satisfaction. Furthermore, social influence emerged as a crucial factor influencing the intention to accept and adopt delivery services after experiencing satisfaction. The inclusion of PLSpredict analysis enhanced the reliability of our conducted analyses. This study provides original insights into the lessons learned from the global impact of COVID-19 and represents the first of its kind conducted in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Our research encourages further investigation of these topics in other GCC countries based on our findings. The study concludes by acknowledging its limitations, discussing theoretical and managerial contributions, and suggesting potential avenues for future research.

يعود العمل العلمي و الفلسفي لبيير دوهيم إلى نهاية القرن التاسع عشر ، سادت الميكانيكا العقلانية و بدا أنها ترتكز على أسس لا تتزعزع. كان بيير دوهيم من أوائل من فهموا بعض التحديات الرئيسية للديناميكا الحرارية. فقد عمل بجد و ربط البحث العلمي بتاريخ الفلسفة. تمسّك دوهيم بالوضعية العلمية. و برأيه فالعلم يجب أن يقتصر على عرض القوانين التجريبية و يتكون موضوع العلم من خلال ربط التمثيل المجرد العقلاني _التظرية_ بالفرضيات المثبتة تجريبياً، إلا أن هذا موقف غير واقعي فيما يتعلق بالنظريات التي يجب أن تكتفي بتفسير الحقائق . و سنجد أن دوهيم يدفع بالوضعية إلى موقف متطرف يسمى الأداتية. و لا يمكن أن يحكم على فرضية بمعزل عن سياقها النظري. ما يمكن إدارته في حالة التنفيذ بالتجربة، هو بالأحرى الأساس النظري تنتمي إليه الفرضية و تعتمد عليه. أيضاً نجد دوهيم كثيراً ما استنكر خطأ استيعاب الخبرة العادية و الخبرة العلمية خصوصاً في مجال العلوم الفيزيائية. فالتجربة العلمية ليست جزءاً من التفسير الذي يتم في ضوء التظرية، و هو بعيد كل البعد عن التجربة العادية. إذن دوهيم يبدأ في تحويل الفكرة المميزة للوضعية من أجل التمييز بشكل واضح بين الحقائق و النظرية. و قد ضرّح ودهيم أن التجربة الفيزيائية ليست مجرد ملاحظة لظاهرة ما بل هي التفسير النظري لظاهرة ما فهو يصف التجربة المخبرية من منظور واقعي و يوضح المسافات الهائلة بين الملاحظة و الغرض من التجربة لتخطي هذه المسافات. و قد توصل دوهيم إلى أن التجربة الفيزيائية هي الملاحظة الدقيقة لمجموعة من الظواهر، مصحوبة بتفسير هذه الظواهر ؛ هذا التفسير يستبدل المعطيات التجريبية الملموسة التي تم جمعها بالفعل عن طريق الملاحظة بتمثيلات مجردة و رمزية تتوافق معها بحكم النظريات الفيزيائية المقبولة من قِبل مراقب و لا يلتزم دوهيم بالطريقة القائلة أن العلم يتلخص في إضفاء الطابع الرياضي على الطبيعة و يدافع عن الطريقة الاستنتاجية ضد العلم الذي يدّعي أنه استقرائي . إنها تقوم على الاختلاف الواضح بين الرياضيات الدقيقة و الملاحظات التي دائماً ما يشوبها عدم الثقة و يُظهر أن العلاقة بين الواقع و اللغة الرياضية معقدة.

حُضرت 6 عينات من البنية الميزومسامية SBA-15 بطريقة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية باستخدام كمية ثابتة من TEOS عند درجات حرارة مختلفة (70,100,130 Cº) وباستخدام العامل الموجه P123 بنسب مختلفة (23,46,69 m.mol) تبين أن كل من درجة حرارة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية وكمية العامل الموجه يؤثران بشكل واضح على منحنيات الامتزاز وعلى قيمة المساحة السطحية النوعية. عند تغير درجة حرارة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية (70,100,130 Cº) وقيمة ثابتة للعامل الموجه 23 m.mol كانت قيم المساحة السطحية النوعية 640 و 734 و 382 m2/g على الترتيب. بينما عند قيمة ثابتة لدرجة الحرارة 100 Cº وقيم مختلفة للعامل الموجه (23,46,69m.mol) كانت قيم المساحة السطحية النوعية 832,852,734 m2/g على الترتيب. تبين النتائج أيضاً تأثيراً واضحاً على شكل منحنيات الامتزاز وتغير شكل الأنشوطة التخلفية كما يظهر التأثير أيضاً في توزع حجم المسام للعينات المحضرة.

Background: Since ancient times, the majority of humans have been categorized as pescatarians, depending mostly on seafood and fish as well as their byproducts. Fish is currently in greater demand as it is a good source of protein, which is necessary for maintaining the health of muscles, organs, and blood vessels. Due to their sensitive tissues and aquatic environment, fish are especially prone to microbial infections. It has been suggested that one way to assess the quality of fish is through the monitoring of these bacteria. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the microbiological quality of fresh and frozen fishes. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of fresh and frozen common carps to raise food safety concerns, Iraq-Erbil city. A total of 50 samples of fishes were collected from local markets and breeding ponds from September 2021 to January 2022. The most probable number (MPN) method was used for the estimation of the total coliform, whereas the horizontal method was used for the enumeration of Salmonella spp. Results: In this study, 53% of frozen samples contaminated with the coliform, whereas 15% of the fresh common carps were contaminated with coliform and passed the acceptable range (

Thanks to technological advancements in finance, Islamic banking might surely spread throughout developing nations and become more viable in the financial industry. The present investigation aims to thoroughly explore the impact of fintech upon Islamic banks and also investigate how fintech facilities affect Islamic banks performance within Jordan. A strategy known as a quantitative-descriptive inquiry was used in the inquiry. This study made use of yearly data (a panel data) that was collected from banking organizations using statistics based on yearly reports provided by Jordan Islamic bank, Safwa Islamic Bank and International Arab Islamic Bank listed alongside the Amman Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. The study discovered that financial performance of Islamic Banks was significantly impacted by Fintech services including online banking along with mobile banking. The increased beta value predicts that between 2017 to 2021, the financial prosperity of Arab Islamic International Bank, Jordan Islamic Bank, and Safwa Islamic Bank would be positively correlated with Fintech services. Additionally, it was discovered that SMS Financing and crowdsourcing had a detrimental impact on Islamic Banks financial performance. The investigation concludes by recommending that Islamic banking included in the study step up their attempts to educate the public about Islamic banking facilities.

The present research endeavors to comprehend the determinants that impact the inclination to utilize financial technology within the context of Islamic banking clientele. The study undertakes an examination of various determinants that may exert an influence on the consumer's intention. These determinants encompass financial risk, legal risk, security risk, operational risk, consumer innovativeness, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. The technology acceptance model is employed as the theoretical framework for the research. The requisite data for hypothesis testing is collected through the administration of an online survey to consumers of Islamic banks who possess a high degree of adaptability and proficiency in utilizing financial technology. The study employs the methodology of structural equation modelling with partial least squares to assess the proposed relationships among a sample of 399 participants. The results indicate that the acceptance of Islamic Financial technology services is contingent upon the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and consumer innovativeness. In contrast, it is observed that various other factors, namely financial risk, legal risk, security risk, and operational risk, do not hold significant sway in shaping the level of acceptance of Islamic Financial technology among users of Islamic banking services. The concept of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is expanded within the realm of Islamic financial technology, and it is utilized to examine the impact of a novel factor, specifically consumer innovativeness. The untested nature of consumer innovativeness makes this paper a valuable resource for policymakers, academics, and researchers in the future.

Data science techniques are powerful tools for extracting knowledge from large datasets. Analyzing the job market by classifying online job advertisements (ads) has recently received much attention. Various approaches for multi-label classification (e.g., self-supervised learning and clustering) have been developed to identify the occupation from a job advertisement and have achieved a satisfying performance. However, these approaches require labeled datasets with hundreds of thousands of examples and focus on specific databases such as the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) that are more adapted to the US job market. In this paper, we present a two-stage job title identification methodology to address the case of small datasets. We use Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to first classify the job ads according to their corresponding sector (e.g., Information Technology, Agriculture). Then, we use unsupervised machine learning algorithms and some similarity measures to find the closest matching job title from the list of occupations within the predicted sector. We also propose a novel document embedding strategy to address the issues of processing and classifying job ads. Our experimental results show that the proposed two-stage approach improves the job title identification accuracy by 14% to achieve more than 85% in some sectors. Moreover, we found that incorporating document embedding-based approaches such as weighting strategies and noise removal improves the classification accuracy by 23.5% compared to approaches based on the Bag of words model. Further evaluations verify that the proposed methodology either outperforms or performs at least as well as the state-of-the-art methods. Applying the proposed methodology to Moroccan job market data has helped identify emerging and high-demand occupations in Morocco.

Background: The Hajj season results in increased workload and longer shift hours for healthcare workers at the intensive care units (ICUs), which may result in burnout. Objective: To determine the point prevalence of professional burnout and its predictors among healthcare workers at the ICUs of two tertiary care hospitals in Makkah during the Hajj season. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included all healthcare professionals working at the ICU departments of two of the largest tertiary care hospitals in the Makkah region during the 1439/2018 Hajj season. The original Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire was used to measure burnout. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effect size of the associated risk factors. Results: A total of 354 participants completed the questionnaire. Moderate to severe burnout was found in each of the three subscales: emotional exhaustion, 56%; depersonalization, 82%, and impaired personal achievement, 72%. Nurses were significantly more likely to experience burnout compared with physicians (P = 0.017). Independent predictors of moderate or severe burnout were being aged ≤40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.395–4.002; P = 0.045), female gender (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 0.242–4.346; P = 0.037); work having a negative impact on family (OR: 3, 95% CI: 0.164–5.504; P = 0.019); unsatisfaction with salary (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 0.28–5.056; P = 0.025); and working at the cardiac critical care unit (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 0.440–4.467; P = 0.035). Conclusion: This study revealed that the point prevalence of burnout is common among ICU healthcare workers during the Hajj season. These findings can be used by policymakers to devise strategies to mitigate the risks of burnout during the Hajj season.

Poetic forms play an essential role in the division of Persian poetry. Most of the definitions of these forms refer to its form, and since in the sixth century some themes are expanding, and the form of lyric poetry has also become popular. In the works of poets such as Sanai and Khaghani, who are both poets and lyricists, the issue of classifying poems in the field of content and format has arisen. In the present study, we have examined and classified Khaghani's short poems from a linguistic point of view. We have concluded that due to the three linguistic, as well as "vocabulary selection", part of Khaghani's short poems are in the lyric poems and part of the lyric poems are in the short poems. Khaqani's short poems can be divided into 7 groups: 1. Poems all praise, 2. Poems of incomplete poems, 3. Grief poems, 4. Syntactic poems, 5. Judicial poems (advice), 6. Complaining poems, 7. Qalandari's poems. The linguistic features of some of these poems are very close to the form of "sonnets" in such a way that both very similar examples can be shown in both sonnets and poems. Khaghani is one of the poets who injected the sound of "praise" into the lyric after Sanai, and is the first poet to recite "mourning" in the form of a lyric. As a result, the line between short poems and lyric poems has blurred, making it difficult to classify his poems.

Abstract Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising cancer immunotherapy, especially for cold tumors by inducing the direct lysis of cancer cells and initiation of potent antitumor response. Canerpaturev (C-REV) is an attenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1, which demonstrated a potent antitumor effect in various preclinical models when used either alone or combined. Metformin is a commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug that demonstrated a potent immune modulator effect and antitumor response. We combined C-REV with metformin in a low immunogenic bilateral murine tumor model to enhance C-REV’s antitumor efficacy. In vitro, metformin does not enhance the C-REV cell cytotoxic effect. However, in in vivo model, intratumoral administration of C-REV with the systemic administration of metformin led to synergistic antitumor effect on both sides of tumor and prolonged survival. Moreover, combination therapy increased the effector CD44+ CD8+ PD1- subset and decreased the proportion of terminally-differentiated CD103+ KLRG-1+ T-regulatory cells on both sides of tumor. Interestingly, combination therapy efficiently modulates conventional dendritic cells type-1 (cDC1) on tumors, and tumor-drained lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that combination of C-REV and metformin enhances systemic antitumor immunity. This study may provide insights into the mechanism of action of OV therapy plus metformin combination against various tumor models.

Background: Foodborne illness due to the genus Salmonella is one of the major challenges affecting public health worldwide and a threat to socioeconomic activities especially in the developing countries. The present study was carried out to determine the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella species from ruminants slaughtered for human consumption at the two major abattoirs in Ilorin, Kwara State. Methods: Between November, 2019 and February, 2020, a total 500 samples were collected from the two major abattoirs in Ilorin metropolis (cattle, n = 240; goat, n = 260). Salmonella species were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological techniques. The isolates were subjected antimicrobial susceptibility test using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay. Results: 20 (4 %) Salmonella isolates were obtained, there was no significant statistical difference between the isolation rates from cattle (3.75 %) and the small ruminant (4.23 %). Varying degree of resistance patterns were obtained with high proportion of the isolates (> 60 %) displaying resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin tested while low resistant phenotypes (5 %) were observed against quinolones. The isolates were pan-susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion: The study documented multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates from ruminants slaughtered for human consumption. It is recommended that further studies to characterize the isolates will assist in recommending the appropriate control strategies to prevent the transmission of resistant Salmonella strains to human via food chain.

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.

Objective: One of the main problems, for patients under a mechanical ventilator, is their inability to verbally communicate. This condition can cause psychological problems; such as anxiety. Additionally, as anxiety must be treated immediately to prevent adverse effects for the patient, one effective strategy is augmentative alternative communication (AAC). Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of AAC on anxiety in patients, who are on mechanical ventilators. Material and Methods: This study was pre-experimental, consisting of a one-group pre-test post-test design: conducted using consecutive sampling. The AAC was conducted using a book while the anxiety instrument was the face anxiety scale (FAS). Conducting AAC and measurements of anxiety were carried out by a research assistant. Anxiety was based on anxiety scores and physiological parameters via. Bivariate data analysis using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Results: The patient’s level of anxiety before and after AAC had difference scores of 2, wherein the pre-test was moderate anxiety and the post-test after being given AAC was no anxiety. The physiological parameters, before and after AAC, did not change clinically, because they were still within normal limits. Wilcoxon Sign Rank test results (p-value=0.001) with Cramer’s v value (0.21) Conclusion: AAC has a positive effect having statistically and clinically significant changes in anxiety and has a medium effect size on anxiety level.

Abstract Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT), defined as the presence of thymoma tissue in the lung without an accompanying mediastinal component, is uncommon and so offers a diagnostic quandary. We describe the case of PIT in an 81‐year‐old man.

اختلف كارناب بشكل كلّي عن التقليد الفلسفي الغربي في مفهومه للفلسفة و مواقفه من المشكلات الفلسفية و كان يعتقد أن هذه المشكلات المفترضة كانت إلى حد كبير نتاجاً لأدواتنا غير الملائمة فقد نشأت في ارتباكات بسبب اللغات التي طورها جنسنا البشري على مدى آلاف السنين للتعامل مع المشكلات العملية لحياة يومية ما قبل العلم و ما قبل التكنولوجيا. تلك الأدوات البدائية تتركنا غير قادرين على لا التعبير و لا عن معالجة المشاكل التقليدية للفلسفة بشكل متماسك؛ تشوه لغاتنا الموروثة بشكل أكبر، وبالتالي نجد أنفسنا محتاجين إلى ابتكار مفاهيم جديدة و تنظيم أفكارنا في فئات أقل مدى. مثلما ابتكرنا مفاهيم و مفردات جديدة لاكتشاف العالم في البحث العلمي و المنهجي. لذلك أصبح البحث الفلسفي، بالنسبة لكارناب، نوعاً من الهندسة المفاهيمية، بدلاً من أن تكون شكلاً من أشكال الاستفسار أو البحث عن المعرفة. لم يسأل كيف تسير الأمور، من وجهة نظر كارناب، ولكن بالأحرى كيف نريد الأشياء أن تكون. هذا الشكل من "الطوعية" يكمن في أساس فلسفة كارناب ، هذه الهندسة المفاهيمية تشير بعدة طرق مختلفة على العديد من المشكلات المختلفة، على مستويات مختلفة. لقد طبقها في كل من العلم و على مشاكل أكبر تتعلق بالعلوم(كاللغة العلمية)، أو حول مكانة العلم في حياتنا. قام بتطبيقه على كل من عمليات إعادة البناء المحلية أو شرح مفاهيم معينة ( على سبيل المثال، التأكيد) ، و بشكل أكثر عمومية، على أطر اللغة بأكملها و أراد أن يتوافق المحلي و العالمي معاً. المصطلحات تطورت على مر السنين، اتجه كارناب إلى التفكير في مشاريعه الهندسية الأولى على أنها " إعادة بناء عقلانية". فيما بعد فضل مصطلح " تفسير". كلاهما يشير إلى إعادة بناء او استبدال مصطلحات أو مفاهيم معينة داخل لغاتنا العادية الأكثر بدائية بدلاً من تصميم و تطوير لغات أو أطر لغوية كاملة. كان هناك تغيير تدريجي في التركيز على مدار مسيرة كارناب المهنية في أهداف و نطاق هذه الهندسة المفاهيمية (اللغوية).

Background: Performing non-nursing tasks (NNTs) by registered nurses is considered as one of the most challenging issues faced by nursing sector worldwide. The negative impacts of nurses’ engagement in NNTs were not limited to nurses or clients, but also nursing students who train in clinical areas. Performance of NNTs is found to aggravate nurses’ confusion about their professional roles and identity. However, the impact of performance of NNTs on nursing students has not been yet studied. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of witnessing performance of non-nursing tasks by registered nurses on nursing students’ attitudes toward the nursing profession. Methods: A descriptive comparative study was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022. A convenience sampling was used and 409 valid questionnaires were obtained from Jordanian nursing students who were at least in their second academic year and had completed at least one clinical training period in one of the clinical settings. Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession was used to explore the participants’ attitudes toward the nursing profession. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test test were used for data analysis. Results: The results revealed that approximately 48% of the participants witnessed performance of NNTs by registered nurses during their clinical training. Student participants who witnessed performance of NNTs (M=154.4, SD=17.5) showed significantly less positive attitude toward the nursing profession than those who did not witness (M=157.4, SD=12.2), t(407)=-2.03, p=0.007). Conclusion: Around half of student participants witnessed performance of NNTs by registered nurses during clinical training. Performance of NNTs had a significant effect on nursing students’ attitudes toward nursing profession. Appropriate measures should be prior to clinical training to enhance nurse students’ awareness about professional scope of nursing profession.

تم في هذا العمل دراسة تأثير المعالجة بمحاليل HCl و NaOH و AlCl3 في خواص البنية النسيجية للخام السوري الطبيعي الحاوي على الزيوليت من منطقة تل أم أذن . أظهرت النتائج ازدياد حجم المسام الكلي للعينتين المعالجتين ب HClو NaOH وانخفاض هذه القيمة للعينة المعالجة ب AlCl3 مقارنة مع العينة الخام غير المعالجة . ازدادت نسبة المسامية الدقيقة في العينة المعالجة ب HCl لتصل إلى أكثر من 50% مقارنة مع العينة غير المعالجة, وانخفاض في نصف قطر المسام الوسطي إلى 1.5nm, كما بينت الدراسة ازدياداً كبيراً في قيمة المساحة السطحية النوعية للعينات المعالجة ب HCl و NaOH لتصل إلى 200.92m2/g و 96.05m2/g على التوالي مقارنة مع العينة الخام 55.25m2/g. تحصل عملية امتزاز غاز النتروجين بسهولة وبشكل فيزيائي لأن طاقة الامتزاز أقل من 20KJ/mol .

This theoretical work suggests a novel nonlinear thermal radiation and an applied magnetic feature-based three-dimensional Casson nanomaterial flow. This flow is assumed in the rotating frame design. Gyrotactic microorganisms (GMs) are utilized in the Casson nanofluid to investigate bioconvection applications. The altered Buongiorno thermal nano-model is used to understand the thermophoretic and Brownian mechanisms. Convective boundary conditions must be overcome to solve the flow problem. With suitable variables, the dimensionless pattern of equations is obtained. The solutions to the nonlinear formulations are then obtained using semi-analytical simulations using a homotopy analysis mechanism. It was found that the velocity outline is enhanced with the enhancing estimations of the buoyancy ratio, rotation factor, and Casson parameter while it is reduced with mixed convection, porosity, slippery parameters, and Rayleigh number. The temperature profile is increased with radiation, the temperature ratio, the thermophoretic parameter, the Brownian parameter, and the Biot number. The Brownian parameter reasons an improvement in the concentration outline contrary to the thermophoretic parameter. The concentration of GMs is decreased with the Peclet number inversely to the Lewis number effect, which causes an increase in the microorganisms’ concentration.

Biological reclamation is one of the most suitable applications for cultivating and rehabilitating salt-affected soils. Field experiments were carried out on a large scale at Alatifiya Research Station 30km south of Baghdad for three seasons from 2012 to 2015. Various phytomanagement treatments were used, including sesbania, barley, chard, barley + chard, and control treatment (without cultivation). The dry matter of plants residues about 4000 kg.h-1 of each treatment was grounded to pass 2.0 cm sieve and then incorporated with the upper 40 cm layer of the soil at the end of each season. In the third season, all treatments were planted with barley and irrigated using groundwater of the same area. The results showed a significant reduction in electrical conductivity of the soil in all cultivation treatments compared to control treatment. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was reduced to less than 10 for all phytomanagement treatments, which is an appropriate limit for the growth of most plants. Also, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were significantly increased under cultivation treatments. The soil aggregate stability percent was improved, which indicates the improvement of soil conditions over time. Grain yield of barley was significantly increased by 37.1%, 24.7%, 37.9%, and 52.2%, for sesbania, barley, chard, barley + chard treatments, respectively, compared to control. These observations confirm the effectiveness of this technique in the rehabilitation of salt-affected soils and is considered an open invitation for further research in the field under Iraqi conditions.

تعددت المفاهيم الإبستمولوجية التي قسّمت عالم المعرفة إلى مذهبين معرفيين متناقضين ، بحيث أصبح عالم المعرفة محكوم بقانون الثنائية الذي يحكم الكون بأسره ، فلكل موجود في عالم الوجود نقيضه الوجودي ، فتتعدد الثنائيات الوجودية المتناقضة في عالم الوجود مثل : الوجود والعدم ، النهاية واللانهاية ، الضوء والظلام ، النظام والفوضى ، التطور والجمود ، الإثبات والنفي ، وكذلك تتعدد الثنائيات المعرفية المتناقضة في عالم المعرفة ، ومن بينها : الموضوعية والذاتية ، المعنى واللامعنى ، المطلق والنسبي ، الحتمية واللاحتمية ، ومثلّت العلاقة الإبستمولوجية القائمة بين مفهومي الحتمية واللاحتمية : أحد أهم الإشكاليات في المعرفة ، حيث انقسم فلاسفة العلم إلى قسمين ، أحدهما يعتقد بأن مبدأ الحتمية هو المبدأ الإبستمولوجي السائد في عالم المعرفة ، وبأنّ جميع الوقائع العلمية في عالم المعرفة محكومة بمبدأ الحتمية، ويعدّ عالم الفلك والرياضيات وفيلسوف العلم الفرنسي : بيير لابلاس من أبرز مؤسسي مذهب الحتمية ، بينما يعتقد القسم الآخر بأن مبدأ اللاحتمية هو المبدأ الإبستمولوجي السائد في عالم المعرفة ، وبأنّ كل العمليات المعرفية والنظريات الإبستمولوجية والظواهر العلمية محكومة بمبدأ اللاحتمية ، ونشأت وفقاً لذلك علاقة جدلية بين مفهومي الحتمية واللاحتمية ، حيث اعتبر قسم من فلاسفة العلم بأن المعرفة حتمية بجوهرها ، وإن جميع المعارف تتكون وفق قوانين منتظمة حتمية ، فوجود شروط علمية معينة ضمن عالم المعرفة سيؤدي بشكل حتمي لظهور نتائج علمية معينة ، وإنّ لكل حقل معرفي قوانينه العلمية الخاصة به التي لا تصلح لباقي الحقول العلمية والمعرفية ، بينما اعتبر القسم الآخر من فلاسفة العلم بأنّ المعرفة لاحتمية في الأصل ، حيث يقرّرون بأن المعارف تسير بشكل لاحتمي ، فالمعارف تتكون بشكل غير منتظم وتتشكل قوانين المعارف وفق شروط مختلفة ، وإن ذات الشروط المعرفية ينتج عنها نتائج معرفية مختلفة ، وبناءاً على ذلك تتطور المعارف بشكل لاحتمي ، ووفق متغيرات علمية متنوعة تساهم بشكل مباشر في خلق بيئة معرفية من المعارف التي لا تتقيد بشروط حتمية معينة ، بل تخلق شروطاً معرفية متجددة باستمرار بحيث تناسب البنية المعرفية الخاصة بها ، وضمن هذا السياق المعرفي ساهمت كل من نظرية المعرفة الحتمية والنظرية اللاحتمية في تطوير ميدان الإبستمولوجيا عبر مجموعة من المبادئ المعرفية التي تمّت صياغتها من قبل فلاسفة العلم في جميع الحقول المعرفية والعلمية المتنوعة .

شكّل مفهوم الحقيقة الركن الأساسي في نظرية المعرفة عبر تاريخها الطويل ، واعتبر الفلاسفة والعلماء بأنَّ مفهوم الحقيقة هو العنصر الأساسي في عملية البحث المعرفي ، وصُنِّف مفهوم الحقيقة بأنه الهدف الأسمى الذي تتوّج بهِ عملية البحث المعرفي ، ولذلك سعى فلاسفة العلم بشكل دائم إلى تأسيس مذاهبهم الإبستمولوجية ونظرياتهم المعرفية على مفهوم الحقيقة باعتباره الغاية القصوى لجميع عمليات البحث المعرفي والعلمي ، ووفقاً لهذه القاعدة طرح فلاسفة العلم قضاياهم الإبستمولوجية ضمن مجالات البحث المعرفي والعلمي المتنوعة بهدف الوصول إلى الحقائق المعرفية والعلمية التي يثبتون من خلالها نظرياتهم المعرفية ومذاهبهم الإبستمولوجية . ويعدّ فيلسوف العلم ديفيد دويتش من أبرز فلاسفة العلم الذين بحثوا في مفهوم الحقيقة ، حيث اعتبر دويتش أن المعرفة في حالة تطور دائم ومستمر ، وإن المعرفة لانهائية تتجاوز حدود المطلق وتدخل عتبة اللانهاية وتمتد في أفق اللامحدود لتحطّم قيود المطلق وتبني عالمها المعرفي اللانهائي الذي يرتكز على مفهوم الحقيقة التي تدرك بالعقل إدراكاً منطقياً تاماً ، وذلك بعيداً عن الإدراك الحسي المحدود والمقيّد بالحواس الخمس ، وهذا بدوره يسهم في تطوير جميع مجالات المعرفة البشرية العامة . وأكدّ دويتش بأن المنبع الأصلي للمعرفة هو العقل ، وبالتالي إن المعرفة عقلية بحتة وذات قوانين منطقية ، حيث تعمل هذه القوانين على تقديم تفسيرات عقلية للظواهر العلمية والمعرفية بهدف الوصول إلى الحقائق المعرفية ، وهذا بدوره يساهم في تطور الرؤية الشمولية للمعرفة ، ويسهم بشكل مباشر في تحليل مفهوم الحقيقة تحليلاً إبستمولوجياً ، بحيث يتم الوصول إلى معرفة التغيرات التي تطرأ على جميع الحقول المعرفية باختصاصاتها المتنوعة وحقائقها المتعددة ، حيث يبين دويتش بأن المعرفة تولد باستمرار وبأنه لا يوجد تفسيرات نهائية للظواهر العلمية والمعرفية الموجودة في العالم ، وإن جميع المعارف تحتوي على نسب معينة من الأخطاء وهذا أحد الأسباب المنطقية التي تعزز فكرة تطور ونمو المعرفة بشكل دائم ومستمر .

COVID-19 has a negative effect on the psychological well-being of psychiatric nurses. Thus, examining the psychosocial response of nurses is important for preventing more serious mental health problems and disruption of the quality of nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial problems of nurses who provided nursing care to patients with mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The 101 nurses at Central Mental Health Hospital who provide nursing care to patients with mental health disorders were recruited through consecutive sampling. The instruments used were the demographic questionnaire, the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale 25. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to process the data. The mean score of 45.1 (±24.3) was obtained for the ENSS; around 97% of nurses have a work stress score below the average, 4.95% have mild-moderate anxiety, and 28.7% have a low level of resilience. Work stress and contact frequency, work stress and gender, anxiety and contact frequency, as well as resilience and contact frequency all correlated significantly (p value

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) brings an excellent solution to ensure road safety and transportation efficiency in critical environment like tunnel. Particularly, radio link connectivity of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) significantly influences the performance of VANETs. The communication range of the radio systems is a random variable in reality due to the channel fading effect. Therefore, the connectivity model between vehicles in realistic environment is a key for accurate evaluation of system performances. In this paper, we study the V2V connectivity performance in the presence of channel randomness for tunnel environment. Firstly, based on channel measurement campaign, empirical path loss (PL) and small-scale fading channel models are established. Secondly, we study the influence of large-scale fading parameters on V2V connectivity. Thirdly, based on real small-scale fading characteristics, we derive the V2V connectivity probability between any two vehicles under Nakagami fading channel for one-dimensional VANET, and give the closed-form of V2V connectivity probability. Finally, we study the influences of various parameters (i.e., Nakagami fading factor, vehicle density, and neighbor order) on V2V connectivity performance. Results show that with the Nakagami fading shape factor increases, the connectivity probability increases. The shadowing fading can improve connectivity in the VANET; the path loss exponent, transmission distance, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold have a negative impact on connectivity probability. The transmit power, vehicle density, and path loss threshold value have a positive impact on connectivity.

In this research, we analyze the magnetohydrodynamics heat act of a viscous incompressible Jeffrey nanoliquid, which passed in the neighborhood of a linearly extending foil. As a process, we employ alumina (Al2O3)\left({{\rm{Al}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3}) as nanoparticles, assuming that the base fluid is ethylene glycol. In this involvement, we consider the heating by Joule effect and viscous dissipation. We select the passable transformations, motion, and temperature formulas converting into non-linear differential equation arrangement. We solved the system by using a Keller-box method. Then, we provide a graphical description of outcomes according to the selected control parameters. Higher values of dissipation parameter cause a surge in temperature field as well as strengthen width of the heat boundary layer. The velocity, drag coefficient, and heat transfer (HT) rate for the base fluid are comparatively greater than that of the Al2O3{{\rm{Al}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3}–ethylene glycol nanofluid, although the temperature is embellished by the inclusion of nanoparticles. Moreover, we report depreciation in surface drag as well as HT by the virtue of amplification in the Deborah number. The proclaimed outcomes are advantageous to boost the incandescent light bulb’s, cooling and heating processes, filament emitting light, energy generation, multiple heating devices, etc.

We define a conformable diff-integral operator for a class of meromorphically multivalent functions. We show that this conformable operator adheres to the semigroup property. We then use the subordination properties to prove inclusion conditions, sufficienrt inclusion conditions and convolution properties for this class of conformable operators.