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Research on active learning that emphasises question formulation activities has received less attention. This study was conducted to address the said gap identified in the literature by testing the thinking empowerment by questioning (TEQ) strategy on the level of conceptual understanding (CK) and critical thinking (CT) of students in Biology subjects. We used a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design with a sample of junior high school students (n = 176). Participants were divided into three groups, namely (1) the TEQ group, 61 students; (2) PS (problem-solving) group, 60 students; and (3) the CS (conventional strategy) group, 55 students. We also considered the effect of school type (public and religious) on student performance in each treatment group and identified a potential correlation between CK and CT. Statistical results showed that TEQ had a more effective and significant effect on students' CK and CT than in the two control groups. However, we identified no difference between students in public and religious schools in each treatment group. In addition, this study also found a strong correlation between CK and CT through the implementation of TEQ. Finally, TEQ is an effective active learning strategy that promotes students' critical thinking in science content and is equally effective when administered to public and religious schools.

Implementing a proper learning model during the post COVID-19 pandemic is fundamental for learning quality enhancement, specifically for students' conceptual mastery. The research aims to develop a Complexity Science-Problem Based Learning (CS-PBL) model assisted by the "Sistem Informasi Pengelola Pembelajaran" (SIPEJAR) e-learning platform that is valid, practical, and effective to enhance students' conceptual mastery during the post COVID-19 pandemic. The research and development model were adapted from Plomp & Nieven consisted of three phases: preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The first phase research result was that the learning process in during COVID-19 pandemic was less interactive, which led to less effective learning. The students' score on conceptual mastery was in the poor category. The second phase resulted in a book of CS-PBL model assisted by SIPEJAR and supporting instruments considered valid by three experts. The third phase result was that the CSPBL model assisted by SIPEJAR was considered practical in the learning process implementation. The CS-PBL model can enhance students' conceptual mastery where the N-gain was sufficiently effective. It is concluded that the CS-PBL model assisted by SIPEJAR was considered valid, practical, and effective to enhance students' conceptual mastery during the post COVID-19 pandemic.

TPACK is a trending teacher expertise framework for teaching using digital technology. However, not many studies have revealed the relationship of the seven TPACK factors with demographic factors. This study aimed to determine the effect of gender, teaching experience, place of teaching, and level of education on the perception of TPACK for science teachers. A total of 1,357 high school science teachers were involved in this research. The survey data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Overall results show that gender influences the perception of TPACK. On the teaching experience factor, teachers with less than five years of teaching experience have higher perceptions of TK, TPK, TCK, and TPACK. The teacher's workplace significantly differs in perceptions of TK and TCK. Regarding education level, teachers with a master's degree education have a higher and significantly higher TPACK perception than teachers with a bachelor's degree.

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has recently emerged as a mainstream way for the global education community to address global crisis issues. This systematic review provides an in-depth overview of international STEM researcher collaborations and trends in STEM education's most recent research topics. We examined 49 peer-reviewed articles selected from 244 articles published in three reputable international journals from January 2014 to December 2018. We used inclusion criteria, percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa coefficient to reduce research bias. There is an urgent desire to understand why STEM education research trends increase significantly each year. Goals, policies, curriculum, and assessment continue to dominate research topics. Our findings highlight the essential points in implementing STEM education that can be used as a base for future planning. Researchers and stakeholders can use several aspects of the findings to understand how effective carefully preparing school interventions can be. However, it appears that international collaboration among STEM researchers is still minimal. Cross-country and cross-cultural research collaboration should be promoted to play an essential role in maximizing STEM research and dissemination.

This research aims to determine the effect of PBL integrated with Igya Ser Hanjob's local wisdom on students' problem solving skills in the Conservation Biology course. The sample for this research was Biology Education Semester VII students taking Conservation Biology courses, totaling 48 students, namely class A (experimental class) with 24 students and class B (control class) with 24 students. This type of research is quasi-experimental research using a nonequivalent control group design. The instruments used in this research were description tests and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics which had previously met the requirements for normality and homogeneity, then the Anacova test was carried out using the SPSS IMB 20 program. The results of the research showed 1) there was an increase in the average score of students' problem solving skills after implementing PBL containing local wisdom 2 ) there is a difference in student problem solving skills between the group of students who took part in PBL containing Igya ser hanjob local wisdom and the group of students who took part in conventional learning as evidenced by a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that PBL learning integrated with Igya Ser Hanjob's local wisdom can improve students' problem solving skills. Keywords: PBL, Problem solving skills, Igya ser hanjop, Local wisdom, Biology Conservation

Atrazine 500 g/l is a selective herbicide that can be applied during pre- or post-growth of corn. This study aimed to determine the effective level of dosage in controlling weeds in the corn planting area and its impact on growth and corn yields. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Universitas Lampung, South Lampung, and the Weed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, from August to November 2022. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of 5 herbicide doses (Atrazine 500 g/l (500, 750, 1,000, 1,250, and 1,500 g/ha), manual weeding, and control. The results showed that Atrazine 500 g/l at doses of 750 - 1,500 g/ha effectively controlled the growth of total weeds, broadleaf and grass weeds, Digitaria ciliaris, and Richardia brasiliensis. While at doses of 500–1,500 g/ha, it effectively controlled Eleusine indica, Cleome rutidosperma, and Commelina benghalensis. Those doses did not poison, and did not inhibit growth, and the yield of maize.

This research is a type of descriptive research with the aim of knowing the critical thinking ability profile of prospective biology teachers at the University of Papua. The population in this study were all prospective biology teacher students at the University of Papua. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, namely sampling based on a specific purpose. The number of respondents was 42 prospective biology teachers. The instrument is in the form of essay questions. Based on research data analysis, the average proportion of critical thinking skills for biology teacher candidates is 55.03. Furthermore, the proportions based on critical thinking criteria are 10% uncritical, 53.33% less critical, 36.67% critical and 2.38% very critical. This in general it can be interpreted that the critical thinking skills of prospective biology teachers at the University of Papua are in the less critical category, this is very important to be empowered as a provision to face competition in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords: Analysis, Critical Thinking Skills, Prospective Biology Teachers Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui profil kemampuan berpikir kritis calon guru biologi di Universitas Papua. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa calon guru biologi di Universitas Papua. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara Purposive Sampling yakni pengambilan sampel berdasarkan tujuan tertentu. Jumlah responden sebanyak 42 calon guru biologi. Instrumen berupa soal essay. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil penelitian rata-rata persentase keterampilan berpikir kritis calon guru biologi yaitu 55,03. Selanjutnya persentase berdasarkan kriteria berpikir kritis yaitu kategori tidak kritis 10%, kurang kritis 53,33%, kritis 36,67 % dan sangat kritis 2,38%. Dengan demikian secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis calon guru biologi Universitas Papua berada pada kategori kurang kritis, hal ini kiranya sangat penting untuk diberdayakan sebagai bekal untuk menghadapi persaingan di era revolusi industry 4.0. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Calon Guru Biologi

This study aimed to determine the impact of lesson study taught in a microteaching course on improving the pedagogical skill of preservice teachers. Learning video analysis, self-assessment, and peer assessment of collaboration skills were used to measure increases in pedagogical skills. In total, 18 preservice teachers participated in this study. The author analyzed the critical reflection conducted by preservice teachers after they acted as model teachers and the final reflection about the course as the primary data in the research. The research results showed positive attitudes of preservice teachers toward integrating lesson study into microteaching courses. Analysis of the learning videos showed that preservice teachers could impact their learning climate by applying lesson study-based microteaching (LSbM). Support for the quantitative analysis of self- and peer-assessment of collaboration skills also showed a significant increase in collaboration skills. Applying LSbM increased students’ understanding of learning methods, learning technology, and student involvement in learning. It also encouraged students to employ collaboration and reflection in their future learning. The findings and impact of this study were to provide an overview for educational universities regarding the impact of using LSbM on increasing the pedagogical skill of their current teacher candidates, as well as the impact on the professional development of their graduate teachers in the future. Universities can use this model in their microteaching courses to prepare prospective teachers according to current needs.

Professional education courses such as microteaching are currently placing greater emphasis on reflective activities, particularly in the context of the new paradigm curriculum in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of prospective teachers to reflect on their microteaching experiences, the common aspects discussed during reflection activities, and the peer feedback provided regarding lesson plan design and implementation within a microteaching setting. The study employs a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design and spans 13 weeks with 122 teacher candidates who participated in a flipped learning setting. Flipped learning was chosen as the instructional model to potentially enhance the level of collaboration in learning activities. Results revealed that flipped learning can indeed foster a collaborative environment among prospective teachers. Further, the most commonly identified aspect appearing in the reflections was the modeling of teaching techniques, outweighing other aspects such as classroom management, learning tools, lesson duration, pedagogical strategies, and student learning processes. These findings offer valuable insights for prospective teachers, particularly regarding feedback and reinforcement practices in microteaching. Moreover, this research suggests that flipped learning could be a promising approach to cultivating these practices. Future studies are recommended to further investigate the potential of different instructional models in enhancing reflection and collaboration among teacher candidates.

This study is a descriptive study that aims to explain the type of reasoning of biology prospective teachers on controversial issues of the theory of evolution. As much 26 prospective biology teachers at the Mandalika University of Education as participants. All participants are students who regularly program evolution courses in even semesters (2020/2021). A total of 3 open-ended question based on socioscientific issues (SSI) were used to obtain information about the type of reasoning of biology prospective teachers. The data analysis process was carried out descriptively, and based on the results of the study, that the type of reasoning of prospective biology teacher students was dominated by the type of reasoning based on religious beliefs and intuitive reasoning. These results indicate that the student biology prospective teachers not only conflict between religious beliefs and the theory of evolution, but also do not understand the concepts on the theory of evolution. Referring to the results of this study, further research is recommended to examine the acceptance or understanding, and beliefs of teachers, both in middle and high schools on the theory of evolution.

This research is a mixed study (quantitative-qualitative) that examines learning theories to support the PQDiS-CSR learning model in biology and science learning and tests the validation of the PQDiS-CSR learning model based on survey result from FGD participants. The research subjects are biology and science teachers as well as education experts from Indonesia through FGD (focus group discussion) activities. The results of the study show that there are three learning theories that support this learning model; behaviorism learning theory, constructivism, and information processing systems. he results of the validity test on the development of learning models based on the results of the survey from FGD participants were 4.36 categorized as valid and usable.

Abstract: The aims of this research is to produce monograph as teaching material based on local potential from exploration of lifeform coral reef and their environmental characteristics in Bangsring Beach for Biology students. This research method is Research and Development use ADDIE model. The results validity material got 96.74% and the validity by the learning experts got 90.83% both of them has very valid category. Monograph readability results was 85.14% and the results of student responses to monographs was 89.76% with a very practical category. The conclusion of this research has produced monograph for learning resources on coral reef material with very good and feasible to use. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa monograf berbasis potensi lokal hasil eksplorasi bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang dan karakteristik lingkungannya di Pantai Bangsring untuk mahasiswa Biologi. Metode penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian dan Pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari model ADDIE. Hasil kevalidan materi mendapatkan rerata 96,74% dan kevalidan oleh ahli pembelajaran mendapatkan rerata 90,83% keduannya dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil keterbacaan monograf pada uji coba kelompok kecil yaitu 85,14% dan hasil respons mahasiswa terhadap monograf adalah 89,76% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu telah menghasilkan monograf untuk sumber belajar mahasiswa pada materi terumbu karang dengan hasil sangat baik dan layak digunakan

Abstract: STEM Education is currently attracting the attention of many parties including biology students to apply in the classroom. Students' understanding and interest in STEM Education are two basic things to support the successful implementation of STEM Education. Nevertheless, studies on student profiles related to the understanding and interest of STEM Education especially in biology students are still difficult to find. The objectives of this article was to investigate the profile of understanding and interest in STEM, which was analyzed in a descriptive quantitative manner by conducting a survey of 42 masters in biology education. The findings indicate that biology students have basic knowledge of STEM education and a relatively high interest in STEM education. As 79% of prospective educators claim they are interested in studying STEM, and 62% say that it is necessary for teachers to consider STEM. Institution support is deemed necessary to be increased and optimized in order to enhance students' knowledge and readiness in implementing STEM. Abstrak: STEM Education saat ini sedang menarik perhatian banyak pihak termasuk mahasiswa biologi untuk diterapkan di dalam kelas. Pemahaman dan ketertarikan mahasiswa pada STEM Education merupakan dua hal yang mendasar untuk menunjang keberhasilan implementasi STEM Education. Meskipun demikian, studi mengenai profil mahasiswa terkait pemahaman dan ketertarikan STEM Education khususnya pada mahasiswa biologi masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengeksplor profil pemahaman dan ketertarikan pada STEM yang dikaji secara deskriptif kuntitatif dengan melakukan survei pada 42 mahasiswa magister Pendidikan Biologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mahsiswa Biologi telah memiliki pengetahuan dasar terkait STEM Education dan memiliki ketertarikan yang relatif tinggi terhadap STEM Education. Sebanyak 79% mahasiswa calon pendidik mengklaim tertarik mendalami STEM dan 62% menyatakan bahwa penting bagi guru untuk memahami STEM. Dukungan instansi dianggap perlu ditingkatkan dan dioptimalkan untuk dapat menambah pengetahuan dan kesiapan mahasiswa dalam mengimplementasikan STEM.

Abstract: The aim of research was to describe the effect of the application of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) integrated the Nature of Science (NOS) on student scientific literacy. The implementation design used was nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design with research subjects using two classes namely VII C (control class) and VII D (experimental class) of SMP Laboratorium UM. Data was collected using a scientific literacy test and then analyzed descriptively and statistically and the results are that the application IBL integrated NOS influences students' scientific literacy with level of scientific literacy of students is included in the nominal and functional categories. Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran sains berbasis Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) terintegrasi Nature of Science (NOS) terhadap literasi sains siswa dengan menggunakan desain implementasi nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design pada subjek penelitian siswa kelas VII C (kelas kontrol) dan VII D (kelas eksperimen) di SMP Laboratorium UM. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes uraian literasi sains lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik yang menunjukkan hasil bahwa penerapan pembelajaran sains berbasis IBL terintegrasi NOS berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains siswa yang mana berada pada tingkat nominal dan fungsional.

Abstract: The aim of the paper is to know the validity and practicality of handout biology based on local potential of Ujong Blang beach. This study adapted the ADDIE model of research & development. The validity of handout is known from the experts’ validation score, while the practicality is known from the student's response. The results showed that the validation scores of media and material experts and practitioners had a high level of validity value (mean> 90) so that was categorized as highly valid. While the test readability by students also showed highly valid level of the handout validity Based on the results, it can be concluded that the biology handout based on local potential of Ujong Blang Beach developed more feasible to implement in class XI of SMK in the learning process to improve critical thinking skills, conceptual understanding, and environmental attitude. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kevalidan dan kepraktisan handout biologi berbasis potensi lokal pantai Ujong Blang. Penelitian ini mengadaptasi model penelitian & pengembangan ADDIE. Kevalidan handout diketahui dari skor validasi para ahli, sedangkan kepraktisan diketahui dari respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor validasi ahli media, ahli materi dan praktisi lapangan memiliki tingkat nilai validitas tinggi (rerata > 90) sehingga dikategorikan sangat valid. Sementara itu, uji keterbacaan oleh siswa juga menunjukkan tingkat nilai validitas sangat valid terhadap handout. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa handout biologi berbasis potensi lokal pantai Ujong Blang yang dikembangkan layak diimplementasikan lebih lanjut kepada siswa kelas XI SMK dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, pemahaman konsep, dan sikap peduli lingkungan.

Abstract: The study was conducted to produce a guided inquiry learning model on ecosystem material and environment pollution aided by handout based on the local potential of mangrove forest Pantai Duta to improve critical thinking skills and environmental awareness. The type of research is development research with reference to the ADDIE development model. The research sample of 64 students of 7th class SMPN 2 Paiton. Research data collection using validation sheets, questions about critical thinking skills, and questionnaires. The result of the study state that the guided inquiry learning tool is valid and practical, and can improve critical thinking skills and environmental care attitudes. Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan untuk menghasillkan perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing materi ekosistem dan pencemaran lingkungan berbantuan handout berbasis potensi lokal hutan mangrove Pantai Duta untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap peduli lingkungan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 64 siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Paiton. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan lembar validasi, soal kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing valid dan praktis, serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap peduli lingkungan.

Information Literacy (IL) and Science Process Skills (SPS) have been widely examined to enhance the quality of learning, especially in higher education, in which information technology has become the basis of human life. This research aims to explore the relationship between IL and SPS to the grade point average (GPA) of pre-service science student. Determination of samples using a typical case sampling is 278 students from 329 active students in the program at S1-Science Education, Surabaya State University (UNESA). This research uses quantitative approaches. The source of data is a test result of IL and SPS towards a GPA in the odd 2017/2018 semester. The data were analyzed using the Minitab 16 program. The results of the data analysis showed that = 26,69 ˃ 3,03 = = (0,05;2;275) or in other words support data to reject with confidence level 95%. This investigation concludes that there is a significant relationship between variable information literacy and science process skills together against the grade point average. The results of the research are expected to be one of the considerations in choosing and determining the right learning of science teachers,

This research was conducted in order to determine composition, diversity, eveness, richness, important value index of springtail, and corellation between abiotic environment factor (temperature, pH and moisture) and diversity of springtail. Sampling was done using nilon sieve and pitfall trap, and this research was conducted in April-June 2014 in Tulungrejo village, Batu city. The result from this research, there are 11 species, 10 generas and 5 families of springtail. Diversity index of springtail both using nilon sieve and pitfall trap in apple plantation catagorized medium diversity. The result of important index value analyze showed that Entomobrya multifasciata has highest value. Based on regression analysis, abiotic factor has significant influence on diversity index of infauna.

Biology learning in the 2013 curriculum emphasizes the development of holistic attitude, knowledge, and skills competencies. One way to develop these competencies is by applying a learning model based on a scientific approach, namely inquiry and PjBL. Both of these models have stages that can develop the three competencies. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of inquiry learning model and PjBL toward concept comprehension, scientific process skill, and scientific attitude. The type of this research is experiment using nonrandomized pretest and posstes control group design. The instrument of this research is the observation sheet of scientific attitude and scientific process skill, and concept comprehension test. Analysis of scientific attitude data using anova, data analysis of scientific process skills using kruskal wallis, and analysis of concept comprehension data using anacova. The result of analysis of anakova test obtained F count equal to 65,494 with significance level p (0,000)

Abstract: This research aims at (1) producing the science instructional materials for SMP based on salingtemas and guided inquiry to build the integrated understanding; (2) discovering the validity and reliability levels of the instructional materials, namely Syllabus, Lesson Plans (RPP), Assessment Instruments, and Students’ Worksheet (LKPD). This research used development research design 4D model suggested by Thiagarajan and limited only to the development level. The developed instructional materials are validated by the expert of instructional materials, the expert in the subject, the science teacher, then, the learning device tested on eight graders of SMPN 2 Jember to discover the readability of LKPD. The validation test result from all validators showed that the science instructional materials based on the salingtemas and guided inquiry have categorized as valid. The readability evaluative result showed that the LKPD can be used in learning process, and the totality the science instructional materials based on salingtemas and guided inquiry effectively used on learning process. Key Words: instructional materials, integrated understanding, salingtemas, guided inquiry Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran IPA di SMP berbasis salingtemas dan inkuiri terbimbing untuk membentuk pemahaman terintegrasi dan mengetahui tingkat validitas dan kelayakan produk perangkat pembelajaran yang berupa silabus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), instrumen penilaian, dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian pengembangan model 4D dari Thiagarajan, yang dibatasi hanya sampai pada tahap develop. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh ahli perangkat pembelajaran, ahli materi dan guru IPA, kemudian diujicobakan pada peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 2 Jember untuk mengetahui aspek keterbacaan LKPD. Hasil validasi dari seluruh validator menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis salingtemas dan inkuiri terbimbing memiliki kategori layak/valid. Hasil penilaian keterbacaan menunjukkan bahwa LKPD dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis salingtemas dan inkuiri terbimbing efektif dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Kata kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, pemahaman terintegrasi, salingtemas, inkuiri terbimbing