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The purpose of this study was to explore the current practices of information literacy instruction in the libraries of universities in Pakistan. The research method consisted of a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire for empirical data collection, which was sent to the universities and degree awarding institutions recognised by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS version-24). Both the descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistic) testing were applied for analysing the data. The findings of the study show that 63% of the responding university libraries offer information literacy (IL) education mostly to new students and this ranges from basic to advanced skills. Face-to-face delivery is the most popular IL delivery method. The IL instruction appears to take place in library training rooms. The outcome of this study will help the Library and Information Sciences (LIS) schools, library associations, and universities comprehend the present status of information literacy instructions in the libraries of Pakistani universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of this paper is to analyze the authorship pattern of the authors of psychology journals to identify their productivity, collaboration and affiliations. This is the bibliometric study of seven psychology journals. The information about number of articles, authorship pattern, author’s institutional and geographical affiliation and author productivity were collected to achieve the objectives of the study. The number of two authored articles was found highest, followed by single and three authored articles. The degree of collaboration was found increasing with the passage of time in most of the journals under study. The institutional collaboration was common among the authors. The study depicts that main contribution was made by the researchers working in universities. Most of the contributors are affiliated with the institutions of Pakistan, while the authors from 26 other countries including India, Malaysia, USA, Iran and Bangladesh have also contributed. Lotka’s law of scientific productivity was tested and conforms only partially. This study will be valuable for considering the performance, collaboration and affiliation of the authors of psychology. This is the first study of its kind in the field of psychology in Pakistan. This will be a useful addition in the bibliometric literature. This type of research may be useful for understanding the performance of researchers and importance of research and development activities. This study confirms the earlier studies of psychology researchers who prefer collaborative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic librarians’ role is progressing from service provider to educator who are active contributors in curricular support in higher education. This paper is a part of PhD study aiming to know the professional development of library professionals and finding out status and prospects of information literacy (IL) integration in higher educational institutes. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the universities of Pakistan. This research included all the university central libraries of higher educational institutes recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The response was received from 138 central libraries of HEC recognized institutes. The findings revealed that more than half of the library professionals have studied IL course during their LIS education and majority of the professional staff had attended workshops and seminar on IL during last two years. Further, majority of academic librarians have clarity regarding core concepts of information literacy instruction and 50% showed their interest in integrating IL instructions into the curriculum and developing online IL tutorials. The study revealed regarding the status of IL course that IL instruction was not integrated in majority of the universities as a credit course and normally the information literacy course was offered as noncredit course. The academic libraries suggested that IL course should be a credit bearing stand-alone course and should be integrated with main curriculum of higher educational institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to know the perception of postgraduate (PG) students of Public Sector University of Islamabad about information literacy (IL). It was also intended to explore the need and importance of information literacy in the opinion of PG students. To meet the purpose, study was conducted in multiple phases. At first, a comprehensive literature review was done. On second step, a semi structured survey questionnaire was developed to collect the data from respondents. A sample of two hundred PG students was selected and the useable response rate was 155(78%). Results of the study revealed that majority (52%) of the respondents were not much familiar with the concept of information literacy. Similarly, majority (88%) of the participants had not received any training on information literacy. However, major part of the respondents considered the information literacy program as an important program to meet their research as skills as well as academic needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries are recognized and documented as an integral and essential part of education, research and society. It is imperative that the development of the library and its services must be evaluated from time to time in order to bring continuous improvement and qualitative change in the overall functioning of the libraries. The region of Southern Punjab, Pakistan has always been ignored in terms of education, development and progress In this age of rapid development, the importance of special libraries in intellectual, social and political sphere of life cannot be denied. The establishment/development of special libraries is necessary due to the knowledge expansion. No progress can be made in any field especially science and technology without special libraries holding latest material to boost the innovative thoughts and ideas. This study was conducted to reveal the current status of special academic libraries, their infrastructure and services in the area of Southern Punjab Pakistan. The total number of populations of the study was 180 of all professional staff and para-professional staff, working in special academic public institutional libraries i.e., agricultural, engineering, medical, vocational, and technical libraries of Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan and Multan divisions. The 60 librarians were selected as a sample. A self-structured questionnaire was used for the descriptive survey to collect the data from library in-charges (Heads). The analysis revealed that libraries did not hold up to date reading material. Adequate furniture, electricity, space, computers and internet facility were not available in the libraries. Findings of the study can be useful for understanding the problems faced by the special academic libraries of remote/ less-developed areas of Pakistan that can, subsequently, lead towards the solution of the problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a person-centric and online approach to the challenging problem of localization and prediction of actions and interactions in videos. Typically, localization or recognition is performed in an offline manner where all the frames in the video are processed together. This prevents timely localization and prediction of actions and interactions - an important consideration for many tasks including surveillance and human-machine interaction. In our approach, we estimate human poses at each frame and train discriminative appearance models using the superpixels inside the pose bounding boxes. Since the pose estimation per frame is inherently noisy, the conditional probability of pose hypotheses at current time-step (frame) is computed using pose estimations in the current frame and their consistency with poses in the previous frames. Next, both the superpixel and pose-based foreground likelihoods are used to infer the location of actors at each time through a Conditional Random Field enforcing spatio-temporal smoothness in color, optical flow, motion boundaries and edges among superpixels. The issue of visual drift is handled by updating the appearance models, and refining poses using motion smoothness on joint locations, in an online manner. For online prediction of action/interaction confidences, we propose an approach based on Structural SVM that operates on short video segments, and is trained with the objective that confidence of an action or interaction increases as time passes in a positive training clip. Lastly, we quantify the performance of both detection and prediction together, and analyze how the prediction accuracy varies as a time function of observed action/interaction at different levels of detection performance. Our experiments on several datasets suggest that despite using only a few frames to localize actions/interactions at each time instant, we are able to obtain competitive results to state-of-the-art offline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bradford's Law states that articles on a given subject are distributed over journals according to specific mathematical function, where a large number of articles are scattered in fewer highly productive journals. The purpose of this study was to apply the accepted formulations of Bradford's Law to citations used by the authors of the Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research to find out the list of core journals cited. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research has been published since 1986 by National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. This study examined 251 articles published in the Journal from 1986 to 2012. The data consisted of 6890 citations used by the authors. A ranked list of the cited journals was formed for the application of Egghe's formulation of Bradford's Law of scattering. Findings showed that journals were the most preferred source for citations in this study. Most of the cited journals were published in the United States. The rate of authors' and journals' self-citations was very low. A ranked list of the journals was prepared and Journal of Applied Psychology was found to be the most cited journal. The study identified 24 core journals after the application of Bradford's Law. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research is the only journal of Pakistan found in the list of core journals. This law was found fit to the citations of the Journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human detection in dense crowds is an important problem, as it is a prerequisite to many other visual tasks, such as tracking, counting, action recognition or anomaly detection in behaviors exhibited by individuals in a dense crowd. This problem is challenging due to the large number of individuals, small apparent size, severe occlusions and perspective distortion. However, crowded scenes also offer contextual constraints that can be used to tackle these challenges. In this paper, we explore context for human detection in dense crowds in the form of a locally-consistent scale prior which captures the similarity in scale in local neighborhoods and its smooth variation over the image. Using the scale and confidence of detections obtained from an underlying human detector, we infer scale and confidence priors using Markov Random Field. In an iterative mechanism, the confidences of detection hypotheses are modified to reflect consistency with the inferred priors, and the priors are updated based on the new detections. The final set of detections obtained are then reasoned for occlusion using Binary Integer Programming where overlaps and relations between parts of individuals are encoded as linear constraints. Both human detection and occlusion reasoning in proposed approach are solved with local neighbor-dependent constraints, thereby respecting the inter-dependence between individuals characteristic to dense crowd analysis. In addition, we propose a mechanism to detect different combinations of body parts without requiring annotations for individual combinations. We performed experiments on a new and extremely challenging dataset of dense crowd images showing marked improvement over the underlying human detector. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study has been conducted to find out the nature of career structure of university library professionals adopted by different universities during the formation of organizational structure of libraries. The study investigates the nature of designation, scales, and education and experience requirements of librarians at different levels of hierarchy in the central libraries of leading universities in Pakistan. A quantitative research design and document analysis was used to explore the nature of career structure of library professionals. Organizational documents such as duty roasters, organizational charts and service structures were collected during the data collection for this study. The data was extracted through perusal of organizational charts and documents collected and entered in Microsoft Excel sheet for arranging it in different categories. Assort option was used for analyzing these data sets for this study. The study brings up both different nomenclatures used for library professionals and the tiers of career structures of professionals. Career structure of library professionals working in libraries is not uniform. Designation and scale of library professionals are of various kinds and also require diverse education and experience requirements. Therefore, there is a need to rationally redesign the career structure of library professionals for making them sensitive and responsive to the needs of the users of information age. This study is pilot study in Pakistan that identifies the nature of career structure of library professionals in university libraries of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional Training Programs (PTPs) are a lifelong leaning process and are indispensable for professional growth. Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD), Peshawar, Pakistan since its inception, has a rich experience of training, research and experimentation. The library at PARD has been instrumental in effective service delivery to its users from the last 50 years. Although the library had been involved in conducting short refresher courses for Library & Information Science (LIS) professionals rather in an informal context, however, the library decided in 2008 to launch training programs for professionals. Since then, the library has conducted ten professional trainings so far on different areas like: (i) Library Automation, (ii) Library Management, (iii) Information Technology Applications, (iv) Knowledge & Information Management, (v) Communication, (vi) structured/unstructured Information, (vii) Leadership & Management and (viii) Needed competencies in the context of library and information systems and services, furthering continuing education opportunities for over 600 senior and mid-career level professionals. Evaluation reports and feedback from the participants revealed that the programs had intensively developed their professional and personal capabilities in several areas. Further, analysis of the pre-test and post-test reveal that participants have considerably improved their knowledge and skills in areas like collection development, collection organization, service design and delivery activities. Giving a brief description about the historical perspectives, the paper provides an overview of the program contents, objectives, schedule, delivery methods, participant profiles and evaluation of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Methods designed for tracking in dense crowds typically employ prior knowledge to make this difficult problem tractable. In this paper, we show that it is possible to handle this problem, without any priors, by utilizing the visual and contextual information already available in such scenes. We propose a novel tracking method tailored to dense crowds which provides an alternative and complementary approach to methods that require modeling of crowd flow and, simultaneously, is less likely to fail in the case of dynamic crowd flows and anomalies by minimally relying on previous frames. Our method begins with the automatic identification of prominent individuals from the crowd that are easy to track. Then, we use Neighborhood Motion Concurrence to model the behavior of individuals in a dense crowd, this predicts the position of an individual based on the motion of its neighbors. When the individual moves with the crowd flow, we use Neighborhood Motion Concurrence to predict motion while leveraging five-frame instantaneous flow in case of dynamically changing flow and anomalies. All these aspects are then embedded in a framework which imposes hierarchy on the order in which positions of individuals are updated. Experiments on a number of sequences show that the proposed solution can track individuals in dense crowds without requiring any pre-processing, making it a suitable online tracking algorithm for dense crowds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bibliometric is a set of mathematical and statistical methods used to analyze and measure the quantity and quality of books, articles, and other forms of publications. This study aims at Analyzing the research performance output in library and information science research articles, published in an online journal, Library Philosophy and Practice (LPP). This study covers the papers published during the years 2006 to 2012 Country contributions, author collaborations, paper lengths and individual author contributions during the period of January 2006 to June 2012 have been analyzed and included in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been conducted to judge and document the initiatives taken for staff development at the library of Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD) to enhance the performance of its employees for effective service delivery. This study also documents the visible change in professional improvement of library staff before and after such initiatives. The paper describes each initiative with explanation and practically applied examples showing its output and results. This is an observational study where the data was collected through personal interviews, tabletalks with employees, and annual Performance Evaluation Reports (PERs)of the subjects. Current and retrospective staff of PARD library have participated in this study and provided their candid feedback. The library job, unlike other jobs, is isolated and is limited to perform one-type of job description. Therefore, the library staff are not openly exposed to avail staff development opportunities. The study concludes that techniques (discussed in this paper and practically executed) are useful to develop competencies of library staff in order to be more fruitful. Annual Performance Evaluation Reports, individual interview results, and users’ feedback on overall library performance is evident to shows that staffs, have benefited both personally and professionally from such activities. Staff development activities taken at PARD library has not only developed the skills at individual level but also contributed to achieve the organizational goals. This paper presents original viewpoint by the authors based on the observation, interviews and examining the performance evaluation report of the subject population. A kind of first ever study conducted on development of library staff in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries deal with recorded knowledge. Classification systems play a fundamental role in the organization, display, retrieval and access of the knowledge and materials in libraries. During the last one and a half century, formal classification systems and standards have been developed to replace the previous generic categorization. Such the systems are very famous, known and used by the libraries internationally. Some of these international standard systems include: Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC); Charles Ammi Cutter's Expansive Classification (EC); The Subject Classification of James Duff Brown (SC); American Library of Congress Classification (LCC); Universal Decimal Classification (UDC): Henry E. Bliss' Bibliographic Classification (BC); and S. R. Ranganathan's Colon Classification (CC). These systems have served the purpose adequately in many of the knowledge areas and disciplines. Nevertheless, there are some of the areas which lack proper intention and treatment in these fit-for-all standard classification systems. The background and context of the devisers has been a strong reason behind this problem. Islamic knowledge is also among the areas, which has not been properly addressed by these systems. This paper examines this problem and presents a potential solution for the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard library classification systems like Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), U. S. Library of Congress Classification (LCC), and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) are internationally known and widely used by libraries as the tools for organizing information. Charles Ammi Cutter's Expansive Classification (EC), James Duff Brown's Subject Classification (SC), Henry E. Bliss' Bibliographic Classification (BC), and S. R. Ranganathan's Colon Classification (CC) also are standard classification systems, but they are less commonly used compared to aforementioned three systems. All these systems are easy to use and convenient for most general collection libraries. However, these systems are not adequate for some special collections. Libraries with rich collections on Islam also face problems while using these systems, although such libraries often use expansions in the original systems for their collections. This paper examines this problem and presents a potential optimal solution. The author collected data, using a semistructured interview technique, from a representative sample of thirty libraries in eight countries with strong collections in Islam. These data were analyzed employing qualitative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop understanding of the problems of classification, to discover the classification practices of libraries with rich collections on Islam cited in the literature, to find the gaps, and to determine the point from which to start work on further development. Design/methodology/approach – Published and unpublished literature, both print and electronic, that is relevant to the problem was reviewed objectively in the compilation of this paper. Findings – Standard classification systems lack proper space for materials on Islam for two reasons: less awareness on the part of devisers of the depth and variety of Islamic topics; and their bias and lack of interest in Islam. Different indigenous classification systems and expansions have been developed, using either the original notation or alternative notations. Some systems have been developed without following any standards or logic. This study has revealed a need for empirical study of libraries with rich collections on Islam in order to gain a better understanding of the problem and find an optimal solution. Research limitations/implications – No empirical field data are included in this study. This is a review of the literature. Originality/value – The author indicates the current situation of the problem and a potential framework for its solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the Internet use behaviour of the library and information science (LIS) community in Pakistan. The study shows a rapid growth in information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and use in Pakistan, and that all segments of the LIS community are abreast with ICTs. The article also indicates that though people are aware of the importance of the Internet, there is still a need for the training and development of human resources to enhance the results.

This paper presents information about the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany and its Library services. The paper examines the library system, collections, range of services Rules leading to library usage and participation of library users in the acquisitioning of library materials. The paper also includes the information on physical infrastructure, technology in use, circulation rules, membership criteria, some information about staff, full text databases range and promotion of library image and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study aimed at devising a classification scheme for the subject matter of Islam by achieving several objectives including knowing the suitability of standard system in libraries with a big collection of materials on Islam, determining satisfaction level with present system and the opinion of scholars on designing a suitable system for Islamic materials. Also discussed in the study are the methodology, literature review, and the results of the study.

The article discusses the review of literature and data collected from scholars of library and information science and Islamic studies regarding the design of a classification system of Islamic literature or if amendments in existing systems should be made. Among the objectives of the study were to determine the suitability of standard classification systems in libraries with large collections on Islam, the scholars' satisfaction level and opinions of a solution to the problem of having a classification system. The review of literature and data collected from the scholars identified a dissatisfaction of Islamic literature's classification and a system should be developed.

Marketing of Library and Information Services (LIS) is one of the emerging disciplines the Library and information science education in Pakistan. Although many of the libraries have the awareness of this discipline, especially in University and private sector librarianship, but the real implementation of marketing strategies and techniques in our libraries is an aspect that is yet to be seen in its true spirit. In this paper, an effort has been made to develop an understanding of basics of marketing and a chart has been presented on preparing a marketing plan for the libraries. A unique aspect of LIS marketing, Third Party Theory has also been introduced. The paper will support the library professionals to prepare, present, implement and review their marketing plans over specified periods of time. A brief note on current scenario of LIS marketing education, being departed in the departments of library and information science in the universities of Pakistan has also been included in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of the Pakistani librarian Syed Jalaluddin Haider is presented. He was born in 1938 in Jaunpur, India and received his bachelor's degree from Karachi University in Pakistan and his Ph.D. from Loghborough University in Great Britain. Haider's career as a librarian and lecturer at Karachi University is described. Haider's professional interests in international developments in librarianship and the training of Pakistani librarians are explored.

The article discusses a study on the user relationship management aspect of Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah Library at the Islamic Research Institute in Pakistan. The period of the library usage by the study's selected population is minimum one year and maximum fourteen years, while the average is four and a half years. Respondents offered observations on the library's physical settings, the library collection, the organization of library materials, frequency of staff support in locating the materials, the behavior of library staff, the library's technological infrastructure, and the information needs and resources consulted to fulfill these needs.

This research aims to investigate the work performance self-efficacy of university librarians using a cross-sectional survey method. The data were collected from currently working 200 university librarians at Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized public and private sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan by adopting a validated and reliable questionnaire. Survey results indicate that university librarians focus on work goals and are therefore able to meet deadlines through planning and time management. They make efforts to update knowledge and skills pertaining to their job by actively participating in meetings and social gatherings. They are not harmful to their respective institutes and avoid sharing any negative aspect with other colleagues. A relationship is found between task and contextual performance, whereas there is no significant association between counterproductive work behavior and task performance. No correlation is observed between work performance self-efficacy and type of organization (public vs. private) in which university librarians are currently working. Furthermore, designations of the study participants do not affect their work performance self-efficacy, however, gender, age, and experience appear to be the predictors of job performance self-efficacy. These findings provide a pragmatic insight into work performance self-efficacy of university librarians that can be used as a guide in developing cohesive and useful directions for a need-based performance development training program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were twofold. First, it investigated the impact of knowledge sharing (KS) on job satisfaction (JS), second, this study examined the role of demographic variables (gender, age, designation, qualification, and experience) between KS-JS relationship. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 274 currently working university librarians in Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized universities of Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 by applying relevant descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study observed a positive association between KS and JS, where KS significantly impacted JS of university librarians. Further, there was no significant findings indicating that the above mentioning demographic variables moderated the relationship between KS and JS except gender. However, conditional or marginal moderation role were observed between KS and JS relationship in presence of these demographic variables (age, designation, qualification, and experience). This study would help institutional management understand librarians' behavior towards their KS so that a collaborative sharing and cohesive learning environment could be established at micro and macro level for high JS. It will provide a pragmatic insight to librarians and universities in order to achieve overall organizational objectives by connecting KS and JS considering demographic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach for the challenging problem of geo-localization using image matching in a structured database of city-wide reference images with known GPS coordinates. We cast the geo-localization as a clustering problem of local image features. Akin to existing approaches to the problem, our framework builds on low-level features which allow local matching between images. For each local feature in the query image, we find its approximate nearest neighbors in the reference set. Next, we cluster the features from reference images using Dominant Set clustering, which affords several advantages over existing approaches. First, it permits variable number of nodes in the cluster, which we use to dynamically select the number of nearest neighbors for each query feature based on its discrimination value. Second, this approach is several orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches. Thus, we obtain multiple clusters (different local maximizers) and obtain a robust final solution to the problem using multiple weak solutions through constrained Dominant Set clustering on global image features, where we enforce the constraint that the query image must be included in the cluster. This second level of clustering also bypasses heuristic approaches to voting and selecting the reference image that matches to the query. We evaluate the proposed framework on an existing dataset of 102k street view images as well as a new larger dataset of 300k images, and show that it outperforms the state-of-the-art by 20 and 7 percent, respectively, on the two datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article covers issues related to the "Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal" (PLISJ) as of March 2010. Doctor of philosophy (PhD) scholar Haroon Idrees expresses his disappointment in the silence of the library and information science (LIS) sector over the proposal to discontinue the publication of PLISJ. Lecturer Muhammad Jawwad extends his gratitude to PLISJ for including Pervaiz Ahmad of the Allama Iqbal Open University in its board of editorial advisors. PhD scholar Shafiqur Rehman offers suggestions on how to support PLISJ.

The article announces the appointment of Ataur Rehman as the Urdu Greenstone language maintainer by the Greenstone Digital Library.

This study aims to find relationship of leadership style of Chief Librarians, with organizational culture and employee commitment in university libraries in Pakistan. Data for the research were collected through a survey of public and private sector universities in Punjab (province) and federal capital of Pakistan. The university libraries having more than three library professionals were included in selected sample. The perception of Chief Librarians' leadership style was taken from their subordinate professionals and its relationship was found with the culture of organization and job commitment. 115 respondents' data, collected through structured questionnaire, based on t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA tests to find the relationship among relevant variables has been presented in this paper. No significant relationship was found between leadership style and organizational culture in public sector universities, while private sector university libraries exhibit that there is significant relationship between leadership style and organizational cultures in private sector universities. There is no relationship between leadership style and employee commitment in public and private sector university libraries. A significant relationship between organizational culture and employee commitment in was found in both private and public sector universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to find relationship of leadership style of Chief Librarians, with organizational culture and employee commitment in university libraries in Pakistan. Data for the research were collected through a survey of public and private sector universities in Punjab (province) and federal capital of Pakistan. The university libraries having more than three library professionals were included in selected sample. The perception of Chief Librarians' leadership style was taken from their subordinate professionals and its relationship was found with the culture of organization and job commitment. 115 respondents' data, collected through structured questionnaire, based on t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA tests to find the relationship among relevant variables has been presented in this paper. No significant relationship was found between leadership style and organizational culture in public sector universities, while private sector university libraries exhibit that there is significant relationship between leadership style and organizational cultures in private sector universities. There is no relationship between leadership style and employee commitment in public and private sector university libraries. A significant relationship between organizational culture and employee commitment in was found in both private and public sector universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article pays tribute to Ustad Adil Usmani, teacher of library and information science.

The article presents an obituary for several people within the library and information science profession in Pakistan including Maulana Arifuddin of the Society for Promotion and Improvement of Libraries (SPIL), professor Khurshid Akhtar Ansari and Aleem Qureshi, former librarian at the Library of Congress in Karachi.