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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age and it is a major contributor to maternal, infant and child morbidity and mortality. Globally, in 2015, an estimated, 78 million people had become infected with HIV while 35 million people had died from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related illness since the start of the epidemic. In Nigeria, a national HIV prevalence rate of 3.4% was reported in 2012 with 1.3% in Enugu State. HIV retesting is a WHO recommendation that was adopted by Nigerian her national guideline. The essence of antenatal HIV retesting includes the identification of pregnant women who were first tested during their window periods and subsequently sero-converted, and those who acquired new HIV infection after their initial screening test given the fact that a single HIV testing may not be enough to diagnose HIV with findings of high rates of incident HIV infection during pregnancy and at the post-partum periods. It has been shown that the rate of MTCT was higher from sero-converting women compared with women with already established HIV infection. Hence, this study which gave a clue to the rate of HIV sero-conversion among our antenatal women which may possibly popularize the concept of retesting especially among these women. Aim: To determine the prevalence of HIV sero-conversion and the associated risk factors among previously sero-negative antenatal clinic attendees in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, (ESUTTH). Methods: This was a prospective, cohort study involving 415 sero-negative HIV women recruited from antenatal clinic in ESUTH from January to April, 2019 and followed up for 12 weeks. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, sexual lifestyle, and clinical profile were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. HIV tests were done at booking and repeated after 12 weeks using the Rapid Diagnostic Test kits by the parallel algorithm format. Data was analyzed with the IBM SPSS version 23.0. Measures of associations were determined with the Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was assessed as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.44±4.91SD years with a range of 16-43 years. Majority of them were married (397; 95.7%) and had post-secondary education (321; 77.3%). The incidence of HIV sero-conversion was 1.0%. Less than 35 years of age, being single, tobacco use, multiple sexual partners in pregnancy and knowledge of partners’ HIV status were significantly associated with HIV sero-conversion (p < 0.05). However, none of these factors was a significant predictor following logistic regression. Conclusion: The rate of HIV sero-conversion in pregnancy is of public health importance in Enugu and obligatory repeat testing, especially among women with these identified associated risk factors is therefore advised to forestall the menace of HIV to the child and the society at large.

Background:Caesarean delivery or abdominal delivery is a common intervention in current obstetric practice which has significantly reduced maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1985 pegged the acceptable rate at 10-15% but the rate of caesarean sections has been increasing in both the developed and developing countries. However, the rates have been exceeded in many developed countries while in the developing countries with a lot of unmet needs, the rates are quite low. When absolutely indicated, the rate should not prevent the timely recourse to the procedure which is life-saving. Aim:The aim was to determine the rate of caesarean section in ESUT Teaching Hospital over t a 3-year period. Materials and Method:This was a retrospective study of all the caesarean sections done in ESUT Teaching Hospital Enugu from December 31, 2020 to January 1, 2018. The necessary data was collected from the registers of the theatre and labour ward of ESUT Teaching Hospital and patients’ case notes using a structured proforma. Statistical Analysis:Data collected from the study was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for Windows version 20.0. Results were presented using simple percentages, frequencies and tables. Result:Out of the 4719 deliveries in the centre over the period, the caesarean rate was 29.6% out of which 73.7% were booked; 26.3% unbooked; 59.2% were emergencies and 40.8% elective. The major indications were previous caesarean 20.2%, hypertensive diseases in pregnancy 14.6% and poor progress of labour 11.4%. Maternal complications were PPH, 8.4%; UT injuries, 2.9% and maternal death, 0.5%. The neonatal intensive care admission was 2.49% and neonatal death, 8.5%. Conclusion:There is a relatively high caesarean section rate in ESUT Teaching Hospital when compared with the Nigerian national figures but this is still lower than what is obtainable in the developed countries.

Background: One of the major preparations before any surgery is to ensure that the patient has adequate blood levels. Anemia, according to the WHO is a common condition in which the number of red cells (and consequently their oxygen carrying capacity) is insufficient to meet the body’s physiological needs. It is diagnosed as hemoglobin concentration of less than 11g/dl and 12g/dl in pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively. However, Nigerian women with hemoglobin levels between 10g/dl and 11g/dl go through pregnancy and surgeries without any apparent ill effects. Aim: To determine the prevalence of pre-operative anemia and associated transfusion among gynecological and obstetric surgical patients in a tertiary hospital Materials & Methods: This a retrospective study of 596 patients who had surgeries in the obstetric and gynecological department of ESUT in 2021 due to various obstetric or gynecological indications. Data was collected with a structured proforma and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software for Windows version 20.0 presented in tables, charts, means, frequencies and percentages. Results:The results of the data analysis are presented in the tables below. Table 1 showed the distribution of the patients according to their age, marital status and occupation. Majority of the patients,209(35%) were above 36 years whereas 141(23.7%) were less than 25 years. Four hundred and three (67.7%) were married whereas 51(8.6) were widowed. Of all 320(53.7) were self-employed whereas 115(19.3%) were unemployed.