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The HER2-positive patients occupy ~ 30% of the total breast cancer patients globally where no prevalent drugs are available to mitigate the frequent metastasis clinically except lapatinib and neratinib. This scarcity reinforced researchers' quest for new medications where natural substances are significantly considered. Valuing the aforementioned issues, this research aimed to study the ERBB2-mediated string networks that work behind the HER2-positive breast cancer formation regarding co-expression, gene regulation, GAMA-receptor-signaling pathway, cellular polarization, and signal inhibition. Following the overexpression, promotor methylation, and survivability profiles of ERBB2, the super docking position of HER2 was identified using the quantum tunneling algorithm. Supramolecular docking was conducted to study the target specificity of EPA and DHA fatty acids followed by a comprehensive molecular dynamic simulation (100 ns) to reveal the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bonds, and MM/GBSA values. Finally, potential drug targets for EPA and DHA in breast cancer were constructed to determine the drug-protein interactions (DPI) at metabolic stages. Considering the values resulting from the combinational models of the oncoinformatic, pharmacodynamic, and metabolic parameters, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA can be considered as potential-targeted therapeutics for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment.

Phytoremediation is one of the safer, economical, and environment-friendly techniques in which plants are used to recover polluted soils, particularly those containing toxic organic substances and heavy metals. However, it is considered as a slow form of remediation, as plants take time to grow and flourish. Various amendments, including the augmentation of certain chemical substances i.e., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been used to induce and enhance the phytoextraction capacity in plants. Several reports show that chemical amendments can improve the metal accumulation in different plant parts without actually affecting the growth of the plant. This raises a question about the amount and mechanisms of chemical amendments that may be needed for potentially good plant growth and metal phytoremediation. This review provides a detailed discussion on the mechanisms undertaken by three important chemical amendments that are widely used in enhancing phytoremediation (i.e., EDTA, EGTA, and SDS) to support plant growth as well as soil phytoremediation. A core part of this review focuses on the recent advances that have been made using chemical amendments in assisting metal phytoremediation.

Moringa oleifera, also commonly known as the horseradish tree, is found in most of the tropical regions, having a variety of traditional names such as sajna, drumstick tree, benzolive, etc. Throughout the years, extensive research has been done for the benefits of this plant, especially benefits concerned with human nutrition and medicine. The plant is an abundant source of minerals, proteins, vitamins, and phytochemicals, which has been used as a remedy for many conditions and illnesses. There is also an abundant reservoir of antioxidants in Moringa oleifera. All parts of the plant, including its fruits, flowers, and pods, contain agents that promote healthy cardiac cycle, act against malignant tumorous activity and inflammation, and also show antimicrobial activity. Some chemical agents have also shown significant activity to reduce seizures, muscle spasms, fever, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels and increase urine production. Due to its benefits on human health, it has been long used as a traditional medicine for curing ailments. This chapter discusses about Moringa oleifera which are used in traditional medicine system and have future potential benefits if incorporated into modern medicine.

Senescence, or the loss of the ability to maintain growth and cell division, is a highly regulated physiological mechanism that ultimately leads to death of leaves and other organs of plants. It is a genetically programmed process in which essential cellular functions like photosynthesis are decreased and breakdown of large molecules rapidly increases. However, early senescence is a loss in terms of both yield and grain filling, as it causes leaves to turn yellowish and photosynthesis to decline, as well as losses due to lower shelf life. Leaf senescence conditions responses to abiotic stress in both phenotypic and molecular aspects. Plant aging and various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and the presence of toxic heavy metals induce leaf senescence. This process can affect agricultural and economic status worldwide, critically threatening global food production and security. In both leaf senescence and abiotic stresses, a major early response includes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants adapt to stresses by decreasing the level of ROS, but also by ensuring antioxidant production. This chapter discusses the mechanisms observed in senescence induced by abiotic environmental stresses. Also, it discusses how senescence specifically plays a role in the survival of field-grown plants under abiotic stress conditions.