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The induction of synthetic magnetic fields on lattice structures allows to effectively control their localization and transport properties. In this work, we generate effective $\pi$ magnetic fluxes on a multi-orbital diamond lattice, where first ($S$) and second ($P$) order modes effectively interact. We implement a $z$-scan method on femtosecond laser written photonic lattices and experimentally observe Aharonov-Bohm caging for $S$ and $P$ modes, as a consequence of a band transformation and the emergence of a spectrum composed of three degenerated flat bands. As an application, we demonstrate a perfect control of the dynamics, where we translate an input excitation across the lattice in a completely linear and controlled way. Our model, based on a flat band spectrum, allows us to choose the direction of transport depending on the excitation site or input phase., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Puerto Rico y España comparten una rica historia que se plasma en unos lazos culturales únicos, con el idioma español o castellano como elemento importante, así como una manera similar de entender y disfrutar de la vida, todos ellos aspectos que se enriquecen por las características distintivas de cada uno.Desde Iniciativa Puerto Rico España trabajamos con entusiasmo y dedicación para que Puerto Rico ocupe el lugar que le corresponde en la historia española, al igual que para fortalecer la presencia de la cultura española en la isla, de modo que sea percibida como un tesoro que los puertorriqueños han sabido cuidar y mejorar en estos siglos con una creatividad que ha dado la vuelta al mundo. Hablar de Puerto Rico y España es hacerlo de dos culturas, pero al mismo tiempo de una misma forma de compartir la vida y la felicidad.

For Panel Caving mine projects, extraction level design plays a crucial role in determining productivity and the amount of investment required. In existing literature regarding gravitational flow of broken ore, the general rule of thumb is that the finer the fragment size of the rock, the closer the drawpoints need to be. This is in order to maximize ore recovery through interactive draw between the drawpoints. In the present study, we analyze a particular case that serves as an exception to this general rule. The case involved is a subsector of El Teniente Mine in Chile, called Extension Hw Pipa Norte (EHPN), where the layout is spaced 20 m between drawpoint drifts and 30 m between production drifts. The predominant rock type is secondary rock, which has a mean fragment size below 25 cm. With this layout and rock combination, a low reserve recovery (below 90%) is expected since the draw ellipsoids are expected to interact at great height, thus leaving a considerable amount of remnant ore left unmined above the crown pillars. In order to measure ore reserve recovery, we calculate the quotient between extracted ore and planned reserves, the latter selected and estimated through various technical and economic criteria during the pre-production planning phase. Reserve recovery is calculated for the sector as a whole, as well as for each individual drawpoint. Results indicate a total of 97% reserve recovery for EHPN as a whole, while 70% of the drawpoints managed to exceed 90% in individual recovery. These numbers prove quite interesting, as a more spaced layout reduces the amount of drift development requirements for the same amount of footprint area, which means a lighter investment for the same level of income. Furthermore, a more spaced layout generates more resistant crown pillars, which in turn allows for the construction of larger drifts and thus allows for the use of larger haulage equipment. This has a direct positive impact on productivity. It is worth noting that the base of the exploited block is composed of primary ore, while the rest of the block is predominantly composed of secondary ore. Due to this, combined with what was discussed above, delving deeper into the physical phenomenon behind this case should prove useful to validate and extend its applications to future mining projects with similar characteristics.

To explore the construct validity of the Spanish version of the Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale (FrSBe) using Rasch modelling.Item responses of 245 Spanish subjects were analysed using Rasch analysis: self-rating of 65 participants with TBI or stroke (sample A), family-rating of the same 65 participants (sample B) and self-rating of 115 healthy individuals (sample C).After removing or grouping several problematic items, the Apathy and the Executive Dysfunction sub-scales were found to be valid measures for samples A and B and the Disinhibition sub-scale was valid for samples B and C. Person Separation Index of reliability of sub-scales was greater than 0.83 for sample B and ∼0.72 for A and C. All items showed disordered threshold categories in samples A and B and five items were ordered in sample C.With a few modifications, the sub-scales of the FrSBe-Spanish version are adequate measures for the assessment of the behavioural syndromes derived from frontal systems dysfunction in persons with brain injury. The family-rating form is preferable to the self-rating form. Only the Disinhibition scale is a valid measure for the behavioural assessment of the normal population. A reduction of response categories is suggested.

El desarrollo de modelos de arquitectura religiosa introducidos por los jesuitas en Chile, y la permanencia de las tipologías formales establecidas produjeron una verdadera escuela regional matizada con valores estilisticos secundarios tomados del acontecer arquitectónico de cada momento. La Iglesia de Rilán es un ejemplo significativo de esta escuela, que ha requerido una acción restauradora especializada, rescatándose así la obra para el patrimonio nacional gracias a una base informativa producto de un trabajo de investigación continuo.