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The Novgorod icon of St. Sophia the Wisdom of God is an original iconographic type. The content and theological meaning of this sacred image is still the subject of spirited discussion. The researchers of the cultural heritage of Veliky Novgorod have always been directly or indirectly involved in this discussion. They supplemented the description of the ancient icon with their interpretations of its content, meaning, origin, and its place in the liturgical order. We publish one of the texts of the XIX century related to the theme of the icon of St. Sophia in Novgorod. The author of this brief study (Archbishop Ignatius) and his publisher and commentator (Archimandrite Macarius) are directly connected with Novgorod Theological Seminary and St. Anthony’s monastery. The author and commentator enter into correspondence scientific dialogue. They consider issues related to the icon’s composition, its history, and its place in the temple space. They use the ideas and images of Holy Scripture, theological works, evidence of chronicles and historical documents, and the achievements of historical scientists. Both of them agree that (1) the Novgorod icon of St. Sophia predates the Kiev icon and has Byzantine roots; (2) the referent of the name “Sophia” and, accordingly, the person depicted on the icon is Jesus Christ; (3) the connection of the icon of St. Sophia with the Feast of the Assumption of the Mother of God is due to the idea of the Mother of God as a “house” (or “temple”) of Jesus Christ, which is called the Wisdom of God. Publication of this material allows to clarify the condition of “sophiological” debate in the mid-nineteenth century, to return to scientific field the example of the most reasoned position on the visual-theological aspects of the Holy Wisdom iconography. Новгородская икона Святой Софии Премудрости Божией представляет собой оригинальный иконографический тип. Содержание и богословский смысл этого сакрального образа до сих пор являются предметом оживлённой дискуссии. Исследователи культурного наследия Новгорода всегда прямо или косвенно включались в эту дискуссию, сопровождая описание древней иконы своими интерпретациями её содержания, смысла, происхождения и её места в богослужебном порядке. Мы публикуем один из текстов XIX века, связанный с темой новгородской иконы Святой Софии. И автор этого краткого исследования (архиепископ Игнатий), и его издатель и комментатор (архимандрит Макарий) напрямую связаны с Новгородской духовной семинарией и новгородским монастырём св. Антония Римлянина. Автор и комментатор, вступая в заочный научный диалог, рассматривают вопросы, связанные с композицией иконы, её историей, её местом в храмовом пространстве, опираясь при этом на идеи и образы Священного Писания, богословские труды, свидетельства летописей и исторических документов, достижения учёных-историков. Оба придерживаются мнения о том, что новгородская икона Святой Софии предшествует киевской и имеет византийские корни; что референтом имени «София» и, соответственно, изображаемым на иконе лицом является Иисус Христос; что связь иконы Св. Софии с праздником Успения Богородицы обусловлена пониманием Матери Божией в качестве «дома» (или «храма») Христа как ипостасной Премудрости Божией. Публикация данного материала позволяет уточнить состояние «софиологической» дискуссии в середине XIX века, вернуть в научное поле малодоступный пример наиболее аргументированной позиции по визуально-теологическим аспектам иконографии Софии Премудрости Божией.

Purpose: This study examined speech changes induced by deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a set of auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures. Method: Speech recordings from nine speakers with PD and DBS were compared between DBS-On and DBS-Off conditions using auditory-perceptual and acoustic analyses. Auditory-perceptual ratings included voice quality, articulation precision, prosody, speech intelligibility, and listening effort obtained from 44 listeners. Acoustic measures were made for voicing proportion, second formant frequency slope, vowel dispersion, articulation rate, and range of fundamental frequency and intensity. Results: No significant changes were found between DBS-On and DBS-Off for the five perceptual ratings. Four of six acoustic measures revealed significant differences between the two conditions. While articulation rate and acoustic vowel dispersion increased, voicing proportion and intensity range decreased from the DBS-Off to DBS-On condition. However, a visual examination of the data indicated that the statistical significance was mostly driven by a small number of participants, while the majority did not show a consistent pattern of such changes. Conclusions: Our data, in general, indicate no-to-minimal changes in speech production ensued from DBS stimulation. The findings are discussed with a focus on large interspeaker variability in PD in terms of their speech characteristics and the potential effects of DBS on speech.

The heterogeneous nature of African society has led to increased demand for transformational leaders rooted in African values and ideology necessary for Africans to thrive in the 21st Century. This study explored the role of post-colonial school leadership (SL) models in instilling African values among learners. The original African meaning and purpose of leadership and the extent to which African school leadership systems instil African leadership values in learners were re-considered. The study adopted a qualitative research approach underpinned by interpretivism. It compared the perspectives of fifteen (15) participants purposively selected from three former British colonies namely, Botswana, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Interviews were used to collect data that were analysed thematically and presented using verbal utterances. Findings showed that leadership in the traditional African context was characterized by humanism, collectivism and moral virtues. Leaders guided their followers to achieve their goals for the effectiveness of the communities' excellence and integrity. It was established that, in addition to school leadership training which was rampant in pre-colonial Botswana, both Zimbabwe and Botswana gave the male and the female genders a shot at leadership while Nigeria paid lip service to gender balance issues. In the three countries, the current SL systems do not have properly designed and coordinated curricular models that develop African leadership values such as "Ubuntu" and "Botho." This study underlines the need to strike a balance between Eurocentrism and Africanism in the current SL systems in Africa.

This paper describes a dataset collected by infrared thermography, a non-contact, non-intrusive technique to acquire data and analyze the built environment in various aspects. While most studies focus on the city and building scales, an observatory installed on a rooftop provides high temporal and spatial resolution observations with dynamic interactions on the district scale. The rooftop infrared thermography observatory with a multi-modal platform capable of assessing a wide range of dynamic processes in urban systems was deployed in Singapore. It was placed on the top of two buildings that overlook the outdoor context of the National University of Singapore campus. The platform collects remote sensing data from tropical areas on a temporal scale, allowing users to determine the temperature trend of individual features such as buildings, roads, and vegetation. The dataset includes 1,365,921 thermal images collected on average at approximately 10-second intervals from two locations during ten months.

Abstract The prevalence of food allergies is increasing worldwide, affecting approximately 8% of children. Food allergies that develop early in life can persist throughout an individual's life. Dietary patterns, particularly those involving fatty acids (FAs), play an important role in the regulation of immune cells, thereby affecting the development of food allergies. Aimed to investigate the effects of different FA patterns on food allergies, this study established a sensitised infant rat model and fed it with feeds containing different types of FAs. We then assessed the clinical allergy symptoms, immune balance, and gut microbiota. Our animal allergy model revealed that diets rich in specific FAs exerted different regulatory effects on food allergies. Notably, n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated FAs exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on food allergies, accompanied by a reduction in allergy symptoms, lower serum antibody levels, and modulation of T cell differentiation. By contrast, high levels of medium‐chain FAs promoted the occurrence and progression of food allergies. In addition, various dietary FA patterns have varying impacts on the gut microbiota, influencing overall diversity, microbial composition, and function. N‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated FAs may be associated with a significant increase in the copy number of 15‐cis‐phytoene synthase in the intestinal flora. These findings suggest that dietary intake of different FAs during early life can affect an individual's susceptibility to food allergies by shaping the gut microbiota, which may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of food allergies.

Abstract Objective Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmic disorders worldwide. This study aims to describe the prevalence of AF in various cities in Indonesia using single‐lead hand held electrocardiography linked to a smartphone‐based application. Methods This is a cross‐sectional epidemiological study conducted at tertiary hospital of major cities in Indonesia, between January 2018 and July 2019. The AliveCor Kardia™ Mobile system device was used as a screening tool for AF and confirmed its finding with clinical diagnoses made by cardiologists. Results A total of 9773 subjects were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of AF reported by the device and cardiologist was 3.2% and 3.5%, respectively. AF prevalences are equal in men than women. The majority of subjects (56%) are having low risk for stroke or systemic thromboembolism. Prevalence of risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and history of stroke among AF patients were 50%, 22.9%, 31.9%, 13.5%, and 5.8%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of AF at referral hospitals visitors based on smartphone diagnosis in Indonesia is 3.2%.

Several bridges in Indonesia are designed using elastomeric bearing (ERB) with a low capability of reducing seismic responses. This results in a significant demand for larger pier cross-sectional dimensions and a greater number of reinforcements, necessitating the consideration of seismic isolation devices to optimize the pier configuration. Lead rubber bearing (LRB) has been widely used as a seismic isolation device due to the natural period shifting and sufficient energy dissipation, but it costs a lot. A shear panel damper equipped with a gap (SPDG) was proposed regarding its capability to provide high damping at low cost as an alternative device to LRB. This study compared the seismic performance of three structural systems of simply supported prestressed concrete (PSC) box girder bridges. Those were analyzed using Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA) with the OpenSees software. As a result, both SPDG and LRB increased the structural flexibility and generated similar relative pier responses to the conventional bridge with ERB. For example, SPDG generated the relative responses of the top pier displacement, base shear, and bending moment up to 64.76%, 83.55%, and 65.66%, while LRB was 64.92%, 83.39%, and 66.89%, respectively. Meanwhile, the bridge’s structural performance equipped with LRB and SPDG showed a fully operational and operational limit, while the one with ERB reached the life safety limit due to the longitudinal earthquake. The life safety limit due to the transverse earthquake was also observed in the three bridge models. In conclusion, SPDG is applicable in the seismic isolation system as it has a similar performance to the LRB.

Amid the 21st century, marked by unprecedented technological advancements and rapid societal transformations, the field of education stands at a crossroads. As the digital era unfolds, traditional teaching methods are being redefined to align with the evolving needs of learners. This study delves into diverse pedagogical approaches that extend beyond the conventional classroom model. The integration of technology, collaborative learning strategies, and project-based initiatives emerges as pivotal components of 21st-century education. By examining these approaches, this study aims to elucidate how they contribute to fostering a dynamic and engaging learning environment. Modern teaching methodologies emphasize interactive and participatory learning experiences, leveraging multimedia resources, virtual collaboration tools, and gamified elements. Through this lens, this study seeks to evaluate how such practices enhance student motivation, critical thinking skills, and overall academic performance. Moreover, the study delves into the development of skills deemed essential for success in the contemporary global landscape. Beyond traditional subject knowledge, the emphasis is placed on cultivating skills such as digital literacy, creativity, adaptability, and effective communication. This paper employs a qualitative approach, including a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing studies, to explore the critical significance of contemporary teaching and learning methodologies. The study aims to unravel the profound impact of these methodologies on fostering student engagement, developing essential 21st-century skills, and enhancing overall preparedness to address future challenges in the rapidly evolving educational landscape.

Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often develop resistance to current standard third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); no targeted treatments are approved in the osimertinib-relapsed setting. In this open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 trial, the potential for improved anti-tumor activity by combining amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, with lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, was evaluated in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC whose disease progressed on third-generation TKI monotherapy but were chemotherapy naive (CHRYSALIS cohort E). In the dose-escalation phase, the recommended phase 2 combination dose was established; in the dose-expansion phase, the primary endpoints were safety and overall response rate, and key secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and overall survival. The safety profile of amivantamab and lazertinib was generally consistent with previous experience of each agent alone, with 4% experiencing grade ≥3 events; no new safety signals were identified. In an exploratory cohort of 45 patients who were enrolled without biomarker selection, the primary endpoint of investigator-assessed overall response rate was 36% (95% confidence interval, 22-51). The median duration of response was 9.6 months, and the median progression-free survival was 4.9 months. Next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses identified high EGFR and/or MET expression as potential predictive biomarkers of response, which will need to be validated with prospective assessment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02609776 .

Winglet is a wingtip device that was developed to improve aircraft flight performance by reducing induced drag. The induced drag produced by the NXXX aircraft is considered too excessive because the simple wingtip currently available is still not optimal in reducing induced drag, so a new more optimal wingtip is needed. This research aims to analyze the influence of blended winglet parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the NXXX aircraft such as CL and CD. Not only that, pitch moment coefficient (CM) is also studied to determine how trim drag can increase with the consequent increase of aerodynamic efficiency (CL/ CD) which currently has not been specifically researched yet. Winglet parameters in this study include variations in taper ratio, winglet height, cant angle, trailing edge sweep, and blending radius that there is not enough analysis about it now. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation uses Ansys CFX with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model is used to obtain wing aerodynamic data. This research concludes that the best winglet configuration is taper ratio of 0.2, blending radius of 15 %, winglet height of 30 %, cant angle of 15°, and trailing edge sweep of −0.6°. Apart from that, it was also found that all winglet configurations increased CL, CLmax, and also lift slope (a). Almost all winglets also reduce the critical angle of attack, reduce CD, and increase CM. This simulation finds that addition of blended winglet can increase aerodynamic efficiency up to 17.51 % in cruise condition using the variation of winglet height.