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Abstract Eastern Indonesia is one of the world’s most complex regions in terms of tsunami hazards, as it accommodates numerous seismic and non-seismic tsunami sources with a history of deadly tsunamis. This study is an effort to enhance tsunami hazard knowledge in eastern Indonesia where limited data and analyses exist. We provide a brief understanding of eastern Indonesia’s tsunami hazards by modelling selected deterministic tsunami scenarios from tectonic, submarine mass failure (SMF), and volcanic sources. To our knowledge, this is the first time that tsunami hazards modelling from such diverse sources in Indonesia has been performed. Our methodology is a deterministic tsunami hazard analysis considering credible tsunami sources from historical and contemporary data, modelling them using state-of-the-art simulation tools. We modelled two Mw7.8 tsunamigenic earthquake scenarios on the Flores back-arc thrust, one rupturing the basal fault (FBT-BF) and the other rupturing the splay fault (FBT-SF), showing that the two scenarios produce maximum tsunami amplitudes of $$\sim$$ ∼ 5.3 m and $$\sim$$ ∼ 4.2 m, respectively, which are comparable to the deadly 1992 Flores tsunami. We modelled potential SMF-generated tsunamis in the Makassar Strait with SMF volumes of 5 $$\hbox {km}^3$$ km 3 and 225 $$\hbox {km}^3$$ km 3 which yielded maximum tsunami heights of $$\sim$$ ∼ 1.1 m and $$\sim$$ ∼ 4.3 m along the eastern coast of Kalimantan Island and $$\sim$$ ∼ 2.9 m and $$\sim$$ ∼ 11.1 m along the west shore of Sulawesi Island, respectively. The 1871 Ruang volcanic tsunami is studied through existing historical documents and a source model is proposed comprising a flank collapse with volume of $$0.10\ \mathrm{km}^3$$ 0.10 km 3 . Such a source model successfully reproduced the 25 m runup reported in a historical account.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the mainstay of secondary prevention treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic stroke, especially after coronary intervention. DAPT consists of aspirin and P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (e.g. clopidogrel), and the use of DAPT has been increased over time. The most serious and common adverse effect is gastrointestinal bleeding. Guidelines in managing such condition are available among Gastroenterologist Societies and Cardiologist Societies. Most guidelines are consistent with each other to continue the use of aspirin while withholding P2Y12. However, European Society of Cardiologist (ESC) guideline in 2017 recommends P2Y12 receptor inhibitor as the preferred antiplatelet for patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This review will look on the guidelines and other supporting evidence for the justification on the antiplatelet of choice.

Coconut is one of the industrial plants that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. The part of coconut that has a high economic value is the coconut shell. This study aims to see the maximum temperature of the coconut shell pyrolysis reactor and to examine the spectrum pattern of charcoal purified using the activation of hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (CH3COOH), nitric acid (HNO3) and hot water (H2O). The process steps are pyrolysis process carried out at a temperature of ± 310 °C for 2 hours and activation using 4 types of solvents with different acidity levels, soaking for 12 hours. Infrared spectra pattern testing using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of the pyrolysis process produce charcoal, liquid smoke, tar and condensed gases. The spectral pattern of each purified charcoal was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of the analysis showed that the spectral pattern of activated charcoal showed a spectral pattern with a low level of impurity absorption, namely the spectral pattern of charcoal using HCl activator at a concentration of 2 M.

Background: Hepatitis B is endemic in Indonesia and treatment response need to be monitored during and after antiviral therapy. Liver stiffness measurement and alanine aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) are noninvasive method to detect liver fibrosis available in Indonesia. However, little is known about their ability to evaluate treatment response in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate liver stiffness changes by transient elastography (TE) and APRI before and after one-year oral antiviral treatment in CHB patients and the correlation between TE and APRI. Methods: this study was retrospective cohort on CHB patients in CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta who uderwent treatment between January 2012 and December 2014. Patients received oral antiviral treatment with newer nucleoside analogues (entecavir or telbivudine) for at least one year. TE and APRI were obtained before and after treatment. TE and APRI reductions were analyzed statistically with Spearman’s test. Results: a total of 41 patients were enrolled in this study. Median liver stiffness value was significantly reduced from 10.8 to 5.9 kPa after oral antiviral treatment (p

The island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, is located in a complex and tectonically active region, and has experienced tsunamis in the past. One of the major earthquake and tsunami events was the 23 February 1969 event that struck the Majene region in western Sulawesi Island. Interpretation of the historical accounts revealed that the Mw 7.0 earthquake generated strong intensity up to VIII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. The earthquake was followed by an unusually high tsunami of 4 m that rapidly decayed within 25 km from the highest observation site. Hypocentre and earthquake mechanism analyses confirmed that it was an inland earthquake with a thrust mechanism. Ground motion modelling is able to reproduce the earthquake intensity but earthquake scenarios are unable to reconstruct the tsunami observations. A plausible solution to explain the tsunami report is from a combined scenario of an earthquake and a submarine mass failure of 0.5 km 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]