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Hunting tourism can have significant positive economic effects on the local community. The objective of the paper is to estimate the direct economic impact of roe deer hunting tourism, with a focus on regional level, by applying the Nordic Model. Analysis was based on data gathered in the autumn of 2021, from the interviews with hunting ground managers and hunting tourism outfitters, and a literature review. The length of stay of tourist hunters ranged from 2 to 6 days. According to the interviews and statistical data, one hunting tourist spent an average of 2,121 € per hunting day in Serbia. In 2019 the direct economic income of roe deer hunting tourism in Vojvodina was 623,574 €. The regional economic impact of hunting tourism in Vojvodina is significant given the small number of tourists from whom substantial income is generated. Developing of hunting activates on one or more game species could bring significant economic benefits to these kind of local communities. Resources raised through hunting tourism are later used in these regions through direct investment and as a tool for sustainable wildlife management, and thus, the ecological and economic sustainability of hunting tourism is crucial and must be considered in future development process.

Fish farming in Serbia takes place in cyprinid (carp) and salmonid (trout) fish farms that together account for over 95% of the total fish produced. Cyprinids are grown in warm water fish farms, and cold water farms are designed for trout. The great majority (97%) of cyprinid fish farms are located in Vojvodina, Serbia?s northern province. This paper examines how the traditional carp sector was developed during the recent 20- year period in Vojvodina, paying particular attention to the comparison of the number and condition of cyprinid fish farms in that interval according to the available sources. The comparison was made by comparing maps with data on fishponds from 1999 and 2021, and according to the data from the Statistical Office of Serbia. After the analysis of many data from other authors and our study, it is evident that there is a lot of room for improving the production of cyprinid fish in Vojvodina. This is especially because we noticed decreasing trends for two major parameters: the area of fishpond water surfaces in Serbia (from 7,190 ha to 6,299 ha), and the number of ponds in Vojvodina (from 72 to 60), from 1999 to 2021, respectively. On the contrary, the amount of fish produced has increased from 2,409 t in 2002 to 4,761 t in 2021. According to government planning documents, Serbia lacks a national strategy for development of aquaculture production in general, and especially of cyprinid fish species.

Summary Decrease of grey partridge population is a global process that has been catastrophic in recent decades. In England, the number of this species declined by 80% in the period from the beginning of the fifties to the mid-eighties of the last century (Potts, 1986). In the Czech Republic from 1965 to the end of the eighties by as much as 95% (Štasny et al. 1997), and the situation is similar in Poland (Panek, 2005). The status of grey partridge in Serbia follows the same pattern as mentioned, with drastic decline (Ristić and Puzović, 2015). The reasons for such trend are numerous, directly conditioned and are often difficult to eliminate. It has been found that culling has no significant effect on the population (Ristić, 1992), but changes in its habitat in order to increase the yield of agricultural crops and chemical protection have very negative effect on partridge number. In order to study each type of game, it is necessary to know the basic elements of the population: density, growth, birth rate, mortality, migration movements and gender and age structure. Migration has no effect on changes in the partridge populations. Period of assessment 2010-2013: Serbia: 20,000-28,000 breeding pairs (bp), Vojvodina: 900-1,000 bp. Long-term population trend 1980-2003: MD (mean decrease in number), short-term population trend 2000-2013: MD (mean decrease in number). The number generally decreases, especially in Vojvodina, where it is endangered by intensive agriculture and the application of harmful biocides. It is necessary to improve the monitoring and develop the national action plan.

Research on the percentage of young in the brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.) population in Vojvodina has been carried out since 1967 until 2016. The number of hare in this period ranged from minimum 154,990 individuals (with an average density of the population of 8,06) in 2014 to a maximum recorded in 1975 with 301,680 individuals (with an average population density of 15.10). An average number of hares recorded during annual spring counts was 265,070 with an average population density of 13.15 individuals per 100 ha. The average annual recorded cull was 40,495 hares (15.28% of spring hare count). For this period, each year in the Laboratory for Hunting, tests were carried out on hare (eye lens), and all hunting clubs were obliged to deliver samples in order to be given permission to hunt. In total, there were 9,648 samples, which on average for the 49-year research period amounted to 197. The largest number of samples was in 2009, when 300 hunting clubs, or two-thirds, delivered eye lenses to the laboratory for analysis. For the 1967-2015 period an average of 7,967 rabbits eye lenses (years 1971 and 1972 must be excluded with 605 and 587 eye lenses when a total hunting ban was made, and only hunting was carried out for scientific research). The average share of young for the observed period was 57.6%, with the minimum recorded in 2014 of 35.9% and a maximum of 70.3% in 1994. The reproductive index ranged from 1.09 to 2.33 rabbits per rabbit in 1994. The results of our research showed the diversity of selected population dynamics indicators for all hunting grounds in Vojvodina that were compared with similar research in Europe. Hunting, as shown, doesn't jeopardize the population, but other factors such as intensive soil cultivation with large agricultural plots and excessive use of pesticides followed by improper use.

Certain aspects of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) and brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) population dynamics in the Autonomous Province Vojvodina (Serbia) were analysed on the basis of the available data from 1978-2015. Red fox culling was taken into account as a factor affecting the abundance of brown hares. In that period, during regulated hunts a total of 399,976 foxes were culled and the annual average was 10,526 (SD = 2985). Brown hare spring counts showed fluctuations during the research period and showed a declining trend in the number of individuals. The red fox was selected for the study as the most abundant predator in this area, having the most impact on brown hares. Also, in 2010 a nationwide vaccination campaign against rabies was conducted, leading to an increase in the numbers of red foxes. However, while this led to a rise in the numbers of red foxes, the cull remained nearly the same in the following years. Analysis of the relationship between the numbers of brown hare and the red fox cull in 1978-2009 and 2010-2015 showed a significant difference in their ratio. This study shows that the numbers of red fox increased significantly following the rabies vaccination. Consequently, this is a significant factor that is affecting the brown hare population. Also, it is evident that the red fox cull needs to be increased in order to maintain the natural balance., Na temelju raspoloživih podataka iz 1978. do 2015. u Autonomnoj pokrajini Vojvodini (Republika Srbija) analizirana je dinamika populacija lisice (Vulpes vulpes linneus, 1758) i zeca običnog (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778). U obzir je uzet odstrel lisice kao čimbenika koji utječe na brojnost zečeva. U tom je razdoblju tijekom redovnih lovova odstrijeljeno ukupno 399 976 lisica, a godišnji prosjek iznosi 10 526 (SD = 2985). Podaci proljetnog prebrojavanja zečeva pokazuju fluktuacije tijekom istraživačkog razdoblja i trend opadanja njihova broja. za istraživanje je odabrana lisica kao najbrojniji grabežljivac na ovom području, s najviše utjecaja na zeca običnog. Također, tijekom 2010. godine provedeno je cijepljenje protiv bjesnoće diljem zemlje, što je dovelo do porasta broja lisica. No dok je broj lisica porastao, u sljedećim je godinama odstrel ostao gotovo jednak. Analize odnosa između zeca običnoga i lisice od 1978. do 2009. i od 2010. do 2015. pokazuju znakovitu razliku. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da je broj lisica znatno povećan nakon kampanje cijepljenja protiv bjesnoće. Slijedom toga ovo je važan čimbenik koji utječe i na populaciju zeca. Također, očito je da se odstrel lisica mora povećati kako bi se održala prirodna ravnoteža.