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Abstract Background Auricular avulsion can cause severe psychological effects. There are no established protocols for surgical treatment for such injuries. Acute care involves various procedures like graft reattachment, skin flap reconstruction, Baudet approach, and microvascular repair. Objectives Reviewing the literature regarding various reattachment techniques for managing complete auricular avulsion was the goal of this review. It also aimed to help the surgeon choose the best total reconstruction method considering the available materials and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Methods We thoroughly reviewed relevant research on publications describing total auricular avulsion repaired with reattachment which were indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus. The study accepted and reviewed English-language papers without determining their publication date, using a database search based on key words. Conclusions According to the literature, microvascular restoration is more successful for avulsed ears, although composite grafts are better aesthetically. Early hyperbaric oxygen and surgical treatment can improve patient outcomes. Recently, 3D printing is a big step forward in auricular reconstruction, providing a patient-specific, customizable, and efficient alternative for people with auricular loss.

A direct-current large-volume atmospheric pressure air glow discharge plasma (APAGDP) was developed to enhance the sewing process of denim fabric. The generated plasma was characterized optically, electrically, and spectroscopically. The generated plasma presents a positive electric resistance behaviour. The plasma emission spectra are dominated by the nitrogen second positive system. Its intensity increases with the applied voltage. The generated plasma was used as a pre-treatment to enhance the sewing of the denim fabric at different exposure times, from 5 to 600 s. The scanning electron microscopy images showed no damage to the surface morphology of the denim fabric after plasma treatment. The sound pressure level (SPL) was used to verify the plasma effect on the denim fabric as compared to the untreated fabric. The SPL decreases with plasma exposure time. This result indicates that the plasma improves the sewing performance of the denim fabric.

Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve, located in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, is reported with high fauna and floral diversity, while the fungal diversity of the region is poorly documented. During the summer season in 2023, decaying wood-inhabiting microfungi were collected from different microhabitats. The novel species were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses (based on combined datasets of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 regions). Two species belong to Dothideomycetes (viz., Spegazzinia zhujiangyuanensis sp. nov. and Phaeoseptum zhujiangyuanense sp. nov. in Pleosporales) while the other one resides in Sordariomycetes (Synnemasporella fanii sp. nov. in Diaporthales). The results are in conformity with the earlier studies that predicted higher fungal diversity in this region.

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently demonstrating tremendous potential in terms of straightforward processing, a plentiful supply of materials, and easy architectural integration, as well as high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the elemental composition of the widely utilized organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) contains the hazardous lead (Pb). The presence of Pb in the PSCs is problematic because of its toxicity which may slow down or even impede the pace of commercialization. As a backup option, the scientific community has been looking for non-toxic/less-toxic elements that can replace Pb in OIHPs. Despite not yet matching the impressive results of Pb-containing OIHPs, the community is paying close attention to Pb-free materials and has seen some encouraging findings. This review evaluates the Pb-replacement with suitable elements and scrutinizes the desirable optoelectronic features of such elements in OIHPs. The fundamental features of Pb-free OIHPs together with their photovoltaic performance in the PSCs are evaluated in details. Finally, we sum up the current challenges and potential opportunities for the Pb-free OIHPs and their devices.

In the original publication [...]

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is important pathogens commonly cause nosocomial infections. The occurrence of multi-resistant organisms (MROs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have been increased worldwide and limiting the therapeutic options. The MRO of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype can be mediated by a variety of resistance mechanisms and highly versatile property to mutate. Therefore the our study aimed to evaluate the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from Riyadh tertiary care hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: During the period from 2019 to 2021 clinical samples were collected from microbiology lab at King Khalid University Hospital and analysed for the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Results: Suggested that the rates of resistance for the three years were higher for isolates collected from patients older than 50 years if its compared with the strains collected from young age. A total of 1024 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected during the last three years, the prevalence rate were 44.6%, 32.6% and 22.7% during the period of 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively. Meanwhile, the highest percentages of multi drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were recovered from body fluids; about 38 (47.5%) out of 80 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were MRO Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of resistances showed that Imipenem was significantly higher in resistant among the clinical isolates (77.8%), then Meropenem (61%), Aztreonam (42%) and Ceftazidime (36%) than other antibiotics. Most of isolates were sensitive to colistin except (2.7%) were resistance. Moreover, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past three years. Conclusions: The current study reports that the susceptibility among P. aeruginosa isolates have been decreased in KSA, perhaps due to the massive use of antibiotics, the lack of adherence to approved infection control practices by hospitals, or due to the changes to the public health infrastructure.

High-quality perovskite thin films are typically produced via solvent engineering, which results in efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the use of hazardous solvents like precursor solvents (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)) and antisolvents (chlorobenzene (CB), dibutyl ether (DEE), diethyl ether (Et2O), etc.) is crucial to the preparation of perovskite solutions and the control of perovskite thin film crystallization. The consumption of hazardous solvents poses an imminent threat to both the health of manufacturers and the environment. Consequently, before PSCs are commercialized, the current concerns about the toxicity of solvents must be addressed. In this study, we fabricated highly efficient planar PSCs using a novel, environmentally friendly method. Initially, we employed a greener solvent engineering approach that substituted the hazardous precursor solvents with an environmentally friendly solvent called triethyl phosphate (TEP). In the following stage, we fabricated perovskite thin films without the use of an antisolvent by employing a two-step procedure. Of all the greener techniques used to fabricate PSCs, the FTO/SnO2/MAFAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD planar device configuration yielded the highest PCE of 20.98%. Therefore, this work addresses the toxicity of the solvents used in the perovskite film fabrication procedure and provides a promising universal method for producing PSCs with high efficiency. The aforementioned environmentally friendly approach might allow for PSC fabrication on an industrial scale in the future under sustainable conditions.

The PEG-coated ferrite nanoparticles Co0.2Mn0.6Zn0.2Fe2O4 (X1), Co0.4Mn0.4Zn0.2Fe2O4 (X2), and Co0.6Mn0.2Zn0.2Fe2O4 (X3) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, Raman, VSM, XPS, and TEM. The magnetic hyperthermia efficiency (MH) was determined for PEG-coated nanoparticles using an alternating magnetic field (AMF). X2 nanoparticles displayed the highest saturation magnetization and specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 245.2 W/g for 2 mg/mL in a water medium. Based on these properties, X2 nanoparticles were further evaluated for antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells at an AMF of 495.25 kHz frequency and 350 G strength, using MTT, colony formation, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry analysis for determining the cell viability, clonogenic property, cell migration ability, and cell death of HCT116 cells upon AMF treatment in HCT116 cells, respectively. We observed a significant inhibition of cell viability (2% for untreated control vs. 50% for AMF), colony-forming ability (530 cells/colony for untreated control vs. 220 cells/colony for AMF), abrogation of cell migration (100% wound closure for untreated control vs. 5% wound closure for AMF), and induction of apoptosis-mediated cell death (7.5% for untreated control vs. 24.7% for AMF) of HCT116 cells with respect to untreated control cells after AMF treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the PEG-coated (CoMnZn-Fe2O4) mixed ferrite nanoparticles upon treatment with AMF induced a significant antiproliferative effect on HCT116 cells compared with the untreated cells, indicating the promising antiproliferative potential of the Co0.4Mn0.4Zn0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles for targeting colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, these results provide appealing evidence that ferrite-based nanoparticles using MH could act as potential anticancer agents and need further evaluation in preclinical models in future studies against colorectal and other cancers.

Hematite nanoparticles of average size of 20 nm were synthesized using sol-gel method and the structural characterisations were conducted using XRD and TEM. The XRD profile revealed the coexistence of small fraction of maghemite phase along with the main hematite phase. Magnetization versus applied field (M-H) measurements were performed between −5 and 5 T and respectively in the temperatures 2, 10, 30, 50, 70,100,150,200, and 300 K under zero field and 1, 2, 3, 4 T field cooling. At all field-cooling values, the coercivity was found to display a weak temperatures dependence below 150 K and a strong increase above 150 K reaching the largest value of 3352 Oe at 300 K for the field-cooling value of 3 T. Horizontal and vertical hysteresis loop shifts were observed at all temperatures in both the zero-field and field-cooled states. In the field-cooled state, both loop shifts where found to have significant and nonmonotonic field-cooling dependences. However, because saturation magnetization was not attained in all measurements our calculations were based on the minor hysteresis loops. M-H measurements were performed between −9 and 9 T at room temperature under zero field cooling and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 T field cooling. Saturation magnetization was not attained, and the loops displayed loop shifts similar to those for the ±5 T sweeping field. The highest coercivity value of 4400 Oe is observed for the 6 T field cooled MH loop. The ferromagnetic (FM) contribution towards the total magnetization was separated from the total magnetization and hysteresis loops displayed both horizontal and vertical shifts. The novel results of the temperature and field dependence of exchange bias were attributed mainly to the magnetic exchange coupling between the different magnetic phases (mainly the FM) and the spin-glass-like regions.

Wadi Naghamish is located at a distance of 20 km east of Matrouh City. It occupies an area of about 9000 ha. Wadi Naghamish suffers from seasonal floods that can remove the surface layers, cut off the natural cover, destroy the infrastructures, and cause many natural disasters as well as cause a great economic loss. The study aimed at evaluating soil erosion in Wadi Naghamish, Northwest Coast of Egypt using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) based integration soil chemical, physical properties, and topographic factors. Geomorphological units of Wadi Naghamish were identified based on the integration of sentinel 2 image and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The Geomorphological units were classified into: Tableland 77%, Escarpment 1.3%, Basin 2.1%, Alluvial terraces 5.6%, Wadi 8.98%. Sandy beach 0.03% of the total area. The results indicated that soil erosion values were associated with the geomorphic feature of the study area where, the highest values were observed in Tableland unit, where it has average soil erosion ranging between 0.42 ± 0.21 to 55 ± 39 t h−1 y−1. Meanwhile the lowest values were observed in Wadi, alluvial terraces and Basin where, the overall average of soil erosion were 0.41 ± 0.23, 0.26 ± 0.09 and 0.19 ± 0.13 t h−1 y−1 sequentially. The highest values were found in the sloping areas where slope length value reaches 2.8 and the erodibility values ringing between 0.3 and 0.5 Mg h MJ−1 mm−1. Therefore, the study emphasized the importance of relying on scientific study in preparing an appropriate management plan including a suitable potential crop system, increasing the organic matter, and implementing a no-till or direct sowing system to preserve the soil from erosion.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective ligand-gated cation channel with high permeability for Ca2+, has received considerable attention as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several disorders including pain, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. In particular, TRPV1 regulates lipid metabolism by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Interestingly, TRPV1 and lipids regulate each other in a reciprocal and complex manner. This review surveyed the recent literature dealing with the role of TRPV1 in the hyperlipidemia-associated metabolic syndrome. Besides TRPV1 structure, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of TRPV1 on lipid metabolism such as the involvement of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol responsive element binding protein (SREBP), and hypoxia have been discussed. Additionally, this review extends our understanding of the lipid-dependent modulation of TRPV1 activity through affecting both the gating and the expression of TRPV1. The regulatory role of different classes of lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI), cholesterol, estrogen, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), on TRPV1 has also been addressed.

Caseous lymphadenitis has universally prevalence especially in Saudi Arabia causing pseudotuberculosis or caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and camels. The affected camels showed sever emaciation and multiple abscesses. The current study is aimed to evaluate the incidence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections in camels in the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia and sero-diagnosis of the disease using recombinant PLD protein as coating antigen and anti-camel conjugated peroxidase as a specific anti species in enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay. A total of 280 adult one humped camels from different localities; 35 apparently infected camels with CLA and 245 apparently normal camels were examined clinically and subjected to standard bacteriological technique, sero-diagnosis using ELISA and molecular detection and characterization using multiplex PCR. Thirty five out of 280 (12.5%) examined camels had superficial lymph nodes with cheesy whitish to greenish pus while 3 (1.07%) camels had congested internal lymph nodes from apparently normal camels. Using the recombinant PLD as a coating antigens and anti-camel conjugated peroxidase as a specific anti species for camels revealed high sensitivity and specificity and the ELISA technique could detect all the apparently infected animals(100%) and all the apparently normal harbouring the infections. The current study concluded that using of recombinant PLD as a coating antigens and anti-camel IgY conjugated peroxidase as a specific anti-species for camels in ELISA can be utilized for rapid and specific detection of infected and apparently normal camels infected with C. pseudotuberculosis.

Abstract. Preeclampsia is a progressive, multi-system disorder of pregnancy associated with morbidity and mortality on both the mother and the fetus. Currently, research is directed at identifying early biomarkers of preeclampsia in order to predict its occurrence. This is important because it helps understand the pathophysiology of the disease, and thus, promises new treatment modalities. Although a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of PE remains elusive, the currently most accepted theory suggests a two-stage process. The first stage results in inadequate remodeling of the spiral arteries and leads to the second stage, whereby the clinical features of the syndrome are featured. In this review, we summarize the modalities that have been studies so far to predict preeclampsia. The use of uterine artery Doppler and several other biomarkers such as vitamin D, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor (sFLT1/PlGF) ratio, soluble endoglin, and a subset of T-lymphocytes has shown promising results. We are still at early stages in this advance, and no clear recommendations have been made about their clinical use to date. Further studies are still needed to improve screening strategies and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of any intervention.

The composites of NiCo2O4 with unique structures were substantially investigated as promising electrodes. In this study, the unique structured nanosheets anchored on nickel foam (Ni foam) were prepared under the hydrothermal technique of NiCo2O4 and subsequent preparation of Co(OH)2. The Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet composite has demonstrated higher specific capacitances owing to its excellent specific surface region, enhanced rate properties, and outstanding electrical conductivities. Moreover, the electrochemical properties were analyzed in a three-electrode configuration to study the sample material. The as-designed Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet achieves higher specific capacitances of 1308 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 and notable long cycles with 92.83% capacity retention over 6000 cycles. The Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheet electrode exhibits a long life span and high capacitances compared with the NiCo2O4 and Co(OH)2 electrodes, respectively. These outstanding electrochemical properties are mainly because of their porous construction and the synergistic effects between NiCo2O4 and Co(OH)2. Such unique Co(OH)2@NiCo2O4 nanosheets not only display promising applications in renewable storage but also reiterate to scientists of the unlimited potential of high-performance materials.

MgCo2O4 nanomaterial is thought to be a promising candidate for renewable energy storage and conversions. Nevertheless, the poor stability performances and small specific areas of transition-metal oxides remain a challenge for supercapacitor (SC) device applications. In this study, sheet-like Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 composites were hierarchically developed on nickel foam (NF) using the facile hydrothermal process with calcination technology, under carbonization reactions. The combination of the carbon–amorphous layer and porous Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles was anticipated to enhance the stability performances and energy kinetics. The Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite achieved a superior specific capacitance of 1287 F g−1 at a current value of 1 A g−1, which is higher than that of pure Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles and MgCo2O4 nanoflake samples. At a current density of 5 A g−1, the Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite delivered an outstanding cycling stability of 85.6%, which it retained over 3500 long cycles with an excellent rate of capacity of 74.5% at 20 A g−1. These outcomes indicate that such a Ni(OH)2@MgCo2O4 nanosheet composite is a good contender as a novel battery-type electrode material for high-performance SCs.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of color vision deficiency (CVD) among primary school students in Alexandria, Egypt. Setting This study was carried out at three primary schools in Alexandria, Egypt. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out among three primary school students in Alexandria, Egypt. Ocular examination including visual acuity and color vision testing with Ishihara plates (38-plate edition) was performed for all the students included. Further assessment using the Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue test was performed for students who failed the Ishihara plates test. Results A total of 1000 (495 males and 505 females) school students were screened for CVD. The mean age of the students was 9±2.16 years. The overall prevalence of CVD was 1.9%, with a prevalence of 2.8 and 0.9% in males and females, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Among the CVD students, 36.8% had deuteranopia, 31.5% had deuteranomaly, 26.3% had protanopia, and 5.3% had tritanopia. Conclusion The prevalence of CVD was 1.9%, with a male predominance, among primary school students in Alexandria. Deutan color vision defects were the most prevalent.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Objectives: The study reveals a picture for M. gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) in poultry industry of Egypt. Methods: A total of 628 samples were collected from different species of diseased and apparently healthy poultry species from 15 Egyptian governorates. The isolates identified based on mgc2 and 16 s rRNA specific primers for MG and MS respectively. Sequencing for two isolates using mgc2 gene. Results: Two hundred and five samples were microscopic fried egg colony. Using digitonin test, 160 samples were identified as genus Mycoplasma. Out of the 160 isolates, 86 were identified by PCR as MG, while 39 were identified as MS. Sequencing reveals that one isolate MGC2-EGY1 was related to the Egyptian strain MG-EIS6-T-10, while, the other isolate MGC2-EGY2 was related to the Indian strain MG-MGS-9B. Conclusion: The study suggested that strictly applied programmes for the prevention and control of avian mycoplasmosis and confirmed the use of PCR on a large scale to help disease eradication programmes to limit economic losses in poultry farms. Keywords: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, PCR, Sequencing

Background: Salmonella is a zoonotic bacterium transmitted through the food chain and is an important cause of disease in humans. The current study is aimed to characterize Salmonella isolates from broiler breeder chickens farms using, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis of representative isolates. Methods: S. Kentucky (n = 11), S. Enteritidis (n = 4), S. Typhimurium (n = 3), S. Breanderp (n = 1), and Sand S. Newport (n = 1), were identified from chicken farms. Antimicrobial sensitivity test among the strains were investigated using 13 antibacterial discs. The amplified fragments of fliC and sefA genes were used to characterize S. Kentucky, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains. Sequence analysis of the amplified PCR products for Salmonella Kentucky, Enteritidis and Typhimurium were carried out. Results: Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that 95% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, 85% to norfloxacin and colistin sulfate (each), 75% to gentamicin, 70% to nalidixic acid and 60% to flumequine. The obtained sequences revealed the close identity of the isolated strains with other Salmonella reference strains in different countries. Conclusion: Analysis of the selected salmonellae confirm the report of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky circulation among broiler breeder flocks and the need to determine antibacterial susceptibility pattern regularly to detect multidrug-resistant salmonellae. The present study reports the circulation of Salmonella Kentucky, Enteritidis and Typhimurium among broiler breeder farms in Egypt. Emergency control of salmonellae is a global public health concern. Keywords: Antibiotics, Broiler, S. Kentucky, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, sefA and fliC genes, Sequencing

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the age and its relation to lid laxity and ocular surface disorders as well as the lid laxity prevalence in an elderly Egyptian population. Setting The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. Patients and methods The study included 400 patients presenting to the Outpatient Eye Clinic of Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from April 2018 to April 2019. A cross-sectional survey of patients above 55 years old was done. Clinical data were gathered from a questionnaire. Upper and lower eyelid laxity was clinically graded. In addition, tear breakup time test was done to evaluate dryness. Results The study was conducted on 799 eyes. The prevalence of lid laxity in the right lower and upper lids was 51.1 and 14.8%, respectively, whereas in left lower and upper lids, it was 50 and 14.7%, respectively. There was a negative significant correlation between tear breakup time and lid laxity in the right lower and upper lids and in the left lower lid (P

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the tear film and the changes in ocular surface in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and methods This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study of 100 participants (200 eyes). They included 50 diabetic patients (100 eyes) and 50 healthy controls (100 eyes), of either sex above 40 years old, who were evaluated at Alexandria General Eye Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. History was taken from all participants including ocular surface disease index questionnaire. All participants underwent full ophthalmological examination, Schirmer’s test, tear film breakup time, corneal staining, and rose Bengal staining tests. Results When compared with the healthy controls, diabetic patients showed significantly reduced Schirmer’s test, tear breakup time measurements, and higher grades of corneal and rose Bengal staining (P

Simplifying the design of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has drawn a lot of interest due to their low manufacturing cost and relative non-toxic nature. Focus has been placed mostly on reducing the toxic lead element and eliminating the requirement for expensive hole transport materials (HTMs). However, in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), the PSCs using all charge transport materials surpass the environmentally beneficial HTM-free PSCs. The low PCEs of the lead-free HTM-free PSCs could be linked to poorer hole transport and extraction as well as lower light harvesting. In this context, a lead-free perovskite homojunction-based HTM-free PSC was investigated, and the performance was then assessed using a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). A two-step method was employed to fabricate lead-free perovskite homojunction-based HTM-free PSCs in order to validate the simulation results. The simulation results show that high hole mobility and a narrow band gap of cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3) boosted the hole collection and absorption spectrum, respectively. Additionally, the homojunction’s built-in electric field, which was identified using SCAPS simulations, promoted the directed transport of the photo-induced charges, lowering carrier recombination losses. Homojunction-based HTM-free PSCs having a CsSnI3 layer with a thickness of 100 nm, defect density of 1015 cm−3, and interface defect density of 1018 cm−3 were found to be capable of delivering high PCEs under a working temperature of 300 K. When compared to formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3)-based devices, the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and PCE of FASnI3/CsSnI3 homojunction-based HTM-free PSCs were all improved from 0.66 to 0.78 V, 26.07 to 27.65 mA cm−2, 76.37 to 79.74%, and 14.62 to 19.03%, respectively. In comparison to a FASnI3-based device (PCE = 8.94%), an experimentally fabricated device using homojunction of FASnI3/CsSnI3 performs better with Voc of 0.84 V, Jsc of 22.06 mA cm−2, FF of 63.50%, and PCE of 11.77%. Moreover, FASnI3/CsSnI3-based PSC is more stable over time than its FASnI3-based counterpart, preserving 89% of its initial PCE. These findings provide promising guidelines for developing highly efficient and environmentally friendly HTM-free PSCs based on perovskite homojunction.

Supercapacitors have become a popular form of energy-storage device in the current energy and environmental landscape, and their performance is heavily reliant on the electrode materials used. Carbon-based electrodes are highly desirable due to their low cost and their abundance in various forms, as well as their ability to easily alter conductivity and surface area. Many studies have been conducted to enhance the performance of carbon-based supercapacitors by utilizing various carbon compounds, including pure carbon nanotubes and multistage carbon nanostructures as electrodes. These studies have examined the characteristics and potential applications of numerous pure carbon nanostructures and scrutinized the use of a wide variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as AC, CNTs, GR, CNCs, and others, to improve capacitance. Ultimately, this study provides a roadmap for producing high-quality supercapacitors using carbon-based electrodes.

The development of battery-type electrode materials with hierarchical nanostructures has recently gained considerable attention in high-rate hybrid supercapacitors. For the first time, in the present study novel hierarchical CuMn2O4 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) nanostructures are developed using a one-step hydrothermal route on a nickel foam substrate and utilized as an enhanced battery-type electrode material for supercapacitors without the need of binders or conducting polymer additives. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are used to study the phase, structural, and morphological characteristics of the CuMn2O4 electrode. SEM and TEM studies show that CuMn2O4 exhibits a nanosheet array morphology. According to the electrochemical data, CuMn2O4 NSAs give a Faradic battery-type redox activity that differs from the behavior of carbon-related materials (such as activated carbon, reduced graphene oxide, graphene, etc.). The battery-type CuMn2O4 NSAs electrode showed an excellent specific capacity of 125.56 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a remarkable rate capability of 84.1%, superb cycling stability of 92.15% over 5000 cycles, good mechanical stability and flexibility, and low internal resistance at the interface of electrode and electrolyte. Due to their excellent electrochemical properties, high-performance CuMn2O4 NSAs-like structures are prospective battery-type electrodes for high-rate supercapacitors.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Growing evidence support the neuroprotective effects of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and oleocanthal (OC). In this work, we aimed to evaluate and compare the beneficial effects of equivalent doses of OC-low EVOO (0.5 mg total phenolic content/kg) and OC (0.5 mg OC/kg) on Aβ and related pathology and to assess their effect on neuroinflammation in a 5xFAD mouse model with advanced pathology. Homozygous 5xFAD mice were fed with refined olive oil (ROO), OC-low EVOO, or OC for 3 months starting at the age of 3 months. Our findings demonstrated that a low dose of 0.5 mg/kg EVOO-phenols and OC reduced brain Aβ levels and neuroinflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and reducing the activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. On the other hand, only OC suppressed the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts/high-mobility group box 1 (RAGE/HMGB1) pathway. In conclusion, our results indicated that while OC-low EVOO demonstrated a beneficial effect against Aβ-related pathology in 5xFAD mice, EVOO rich with OC could provide a higher anti-inflammatory effect by targeting multiple mechanisms. Collectively, diet supplementation with EVOO or OC could prevent, halt progression, and treat AD.

Simplifying device layout, particularly avoiding the complex fabrication steps and multiple high-temperature treatment requirements for electron-selective layers (ESLs) have made ESL-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attractive. However, the poor perovskite/substrate interface and inadequate quality of solution-processed perovskite thin films induce inefficient interfacial-charge extraction, limiting the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of ESL-free PSCs. A highly compact and homogenous perovskite thin film with large grains was formed here by inserting an interfacial monolayer of diethanolamine (DEA) molecules between the perovskite and ITO substrate. In addition, the DEA created a favorable dipole layer at the interface of perovskite and ITO substrate by molecular adsorption, which suppressed charge recombination. Comparatively, PSCs based on DEA-treated ITO substrates delivered PCEs of up to 20.77%, one of the highest among ESL-free PSCs. Additionally, this technique successfully elongates the lifespan of ESL-free PSCs as 80% of the initial PCE was maintained after 550 h under AM 1.5 G irradiation at ambient temperature.

In this study, we designed mixed metal oxides with doping compound nano-constructions as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). We successfully prepared the Fe-dopant with NiCoOx grown on nickel foam (Fe-dopant@NiCoOx@NF) through a simple hydrothermal route with annealing procedures. This method provides an easy route for the preparation of high activity SCs for energy storage. Obtained results revealed that the Fe dopant has successfully assisted NiCoOx lattices. The electrochemical properties were investigated in a three-electrode configuration. As a composite electrode for SC characteristics, the Fe-dopant@NiCoOx@NF exhibits notable electrochemical performances with very high specific capacitances of 1965 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, and even higher at 1296 F g−1 and 30 A g−1, respectively, which indicate eminent and greater potential for SCs. Moreover, the Fe-dopant@NiCoOx@NF nanoneedle composite obtains outstanding cycling performances of 95.9% retention over 4500 long cycles. The improved SC activities of Fe-dopant@NiCoOx@NF nanoneedles might be ascribed to the synergistic reactions of the ternary mixed metals, Fe-dopant, and the ordered nanosheets grown on NF. Thus, the Fe-dopant@NiCoOx@NF nanoneedle composite with unique properties could lead to promising SC performance.

Ti-doped maghemite nanoparticles of average crystallite size 12.9 nm were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The XRD profile mainly showed the presence of maghemite phase with very small phases of TiO2 (rutile and anatase). Magnetization hysteresis loops of the nanoparticles were obtained between −4 T to +4 T at temperatures of 2, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200, and 300 K under field cooling (FC) of 1, 2, 3, and 4 T and zero-field cooling conditions (ZFC). The coercivity displayed nonmonotonic field dependence while it decreased sharply with temperature and vanished at 150 K at all fields. Horizontal hysteresis loop shifts were observed in the 2–150 K temperature range in both the ZFC and FC conditions. The exchange bias effect became negligible in both ZFC and FC states above 50 K. Magnetization vs. applied field measurements were conducted in both ZFC and FC cooled conditions at several temperatures in the range of 2–400 K, with spin freezing being observed below 50 K. The exchange bias effect obtained below 50 K is suggested to be attributed to the competing roles of the long-range dipolar and short-range exchange coupled interactions.

Battery-type electrode materials have attracted much attention as efficient and unique types of materials for hybrid battery supercapacitors due to their multiple redox states and excellent electrical conductivity. Designing composites with high chemical and electrochemical stabilities is beneficial for improving the energy storage capability of battery-type electrode materials. We report on an interfacial engineering strategy to improve the energy storage performance of a Co(OH)2-based battery-type material by constructing polypyrrole-assisted and Ag-doped (Ag-doped@Co(OH)2@polypyrrole) nanosheets (NSs) on a Ni foam using a hydrothermal process that provides richer electroactive sites, efficient charge transportation, and an excellent mechanical stability. Physical characterization results revealed that the subsequent decoration of Ag nanoparticles on Co(OH)2 nanoparticles offered an efficient electrical conductivity as well as a reduced interface adsorption energy of OH- in Co(OH)2 nanoparticles as compared to Co(OH)2@polypyrrole-assisted nanoparticles without Ag particles. The heterogeneous interface of the Ag-doped@Co(OH)2@polypyrrole composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 291.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, and showed a good cycling stability after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The specific capacity of the doped electrode was enhanced approximately two-fold compared to that of the pure electrode. Thus, the fabricated Ag-doped@Co(OH)2@polypyrrole nanostructured electrodes can be a potential candidate for fabricating low-cost and high-performance energy storage supercapacitor devices.

Objective: Helicobacteriosis is worldwide infection caused by Helicobacter species that affects both humans and animals. The current work correlated the zoonotic and public health repertoire of Helicobacter species in companion animals (dogs and cats). Methods: Samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs (70), cats (65), and 70 human patients who had been in contact with these animals in the Cairo and Giza governorates. The samples included serum, feces, and stool samples and biopsies of gastric fundus fragments (~5 mm). All samples were examined by culture, biochemical analysis, serology, and molecular identification. Results: Helicobacter species were detected at a rate of 43.4% by PCR. H. heilmannii was more predominant, with a rate of 16%, whereas H. pylori was detected at 6%. H. pylori and H. heilmannii were isolated from both human and companion samples, whereas all samples were negative for H. felis. Conclusion: Dogs and cats were reservoirs and played a major source in human helicobacters infection.

Background & Objective(s): In hospitals, food borne diseases could be prevented if appropriate food safety measures are applied during food handling. The study aims to assess the food safety practices of food handlers in governmental hospitals of Gharbia Governorate and to design, implement and evaluate the effect of an intervention program on these practices. Methods: The study was conducted in all Ministry of Health and Population hospitals of Gharbia Governorate (n=17) among all food handlers (n=161) using a one group pre-test post-test intervention approach. Data were collected using an interviewing questionnaire and an observation checklist. A health education program was designed and implemented then practices of food handlers were reassessed using the same study tools. Results: Food handlers with scientific background related to nutrition and those working in general hospitals had higher significant odds of food handler practice score than relevant categories. Mutivariate logistic regression analysis shows that hospital type and scientific background were significant predictors for food hygiene practices score. Food handlers had more good and fair levels of practices post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. There were significant differences between both pre and post intervention practice scores. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of the intervention program on food safety practices of food handlers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multiple dysfunctional pathways. Therefore, a sophisticated treatment strategy that simultaneously targets multiple brain cell types and disease pathways could be advantageous for effective intervention. To elucidate an effective treatment, we developed an in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to evaluate candidate drugs for their ability to enhance the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improve clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) using a cell-based BBB model. Results from HTS identified etodolac and α-tocopherol as promising drugs for further investigation. Both drugs were tested separately and in combination for the purpose of targeting multiple pathways including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro studies assessed the effects of etodolac and α-tocopherol individually and collectively for BBB integrity and Aβ transport, synaptic markers and Aβ production in APP-transfected neuronal cells, as well as effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in astrocytes. Transgenic 5XFAD mice were used to translate in vitro results of etodolac and α-tocopherol independently and with concurrent administration. Compared to either drug alone, the combination significantly enhanced the BBB function, decreased total Aβ load correlated with increased expression of major transport proteins, promoted APP processing towards the neuroprotective and non-amyloidogenic pathway, induced synaptic markers expression, and significantly reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Collective findings demonstrated the combination produced mixed interaction showing additive, less than additive or synergistic effects on the evaluated markers. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of combination therapy to simultaneously target multiple disease pathways, and suggest the repurposing and combination of etodolac and α-tocopherol as a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.

Herein, we present an interfacial engineering strategy to construct an efficient hydrothermal approach by in situ growing cobalt-doped@MnO2 nanocomposite on highly conductive nickel foam (Ni foam) for supercapacitors (SCs). The remarkably high specific surface area of Co dopant provides a larger contacting area for MnO2. In the meantime, the excellent retentions of the hierarchical phase-based pore architecture of the cobalt-doped surface could beneficially condense the electron transportation pathways. In addition, the nickel foam (Ni foam) nanosheets provide charge-transport channels that lead to the outstanding improved electrochemical activities of cobalt-doped@MnO2. The unique cobalt-doped@MnO2 nanocomposite electrode facilitates stable electrochemical architecture, multi-active electrochemical sites, and rapid electro-transports channels; which act as a key factor in enhancing the specific capacitances, stability, and rate capacities. As a result, the cobalt-doped@MnO2 nanocomposite electrode delivered superior electrochemical activities with a specific capacitance of 337.8 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1; this is greater than pristine MnO2 (277.9 F g–1). The results demonstrate a worthy approach for the designing of high-performance SCs by the grouping of the nanostructured dopant material and metal oxides.

Organic hole transport materials (HTMs) have been frequently used to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in regular perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, organic HTMs or their ingredients are costly and time-consuming to manufacture. Therefore, one of the hottest research topics in this area has been the quest for an efficient and economical inorganic HTM in PSCs. To promote efficient charge extraction and, hence, improve overall efficiency, it is crucial to look into the desirable properties of inorganic HTMs. In this context, a simulation investigation using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) was carried out on the performance of regular PSCs using inorganic HTMs. Several inorganic HTMs, such as nickel oxide (NiO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), copper iodide (CuI), and cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), were incorporated in PSCs to explore matching HTMs that could add to the improvement in PCE. The simulation results revealed that Cu2O stood out as the best alternative, with electron affinity, hole mobility, and acceptor density around 3.2 eV, 60 cm2V−1s−1, and 1018 cm−3, respectively. Additionally, the results showed that a back electrode with high work-function was required to establish a reduced barrier Ohmic and Schottky contact, which resulted in efficient charge collection. In the simulation findings, Cu2O-based PSCs with an efficiency of more than 25% under optimal conditions were identified as the best alternative for other counterparts. This research offers guidelines for constructing highly efficient PSCs with inorganic HTMs.

The conventional post-annealing (CPA) process is frequently employed and regarded a crucial step for high-quality perovskite thin-films. However, most researchers end up with unwanted characteristics because controlling the evaporation rate of perovskite precursor solvents during heat treatment is difficult. Most perovskite thin-films result in rough surfaces with pinholes and small grains with multiple boundaries, if the evaporation of precursor solvents is not controlled in a timely manner, which negatively affects the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we present a surface-confined post-annealing (SCPA) approach for controlling the evaporation of perovskite precursor solvents and promoting crystallinity, homogeneity, and surface morphology of the resulting perovskites. The SCPA method not only modulates the evaporation of residual solvents, resulting in pinhole-free thin-films with large grains and fewer grain boundaries, but it also reduces recombination sites and facilitates the transport of charges in the resulting perovskite thin-films. When the method is changed from CPA to SCPA, the power conversion efficiency of PSC improves from 18.94% to 21.59%. Furthermore, as compared to their CPA-based counterparts, SCPA-based PSCs have less hysteresis and increased long-term stability. The SCPA is a potentially universal method for improving the performance and stability of PSCs by modulating the quality of perovskite thin-films.

Herein, this report uses Co3O4 nanoneedles to decorate Mo-Co3O4 nanosheets over Ni foam, which were fabricated by the hydrothermal route, in order to create a supercapacitor material which is compared with its counterparts. The surface morphology of the developed material was investigated through scanning electron microscopy and the structural properties were evaluated using XRD. The charging storage activities of the electrode materials were evaluated mainly by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge investigations. In comparison to binary metal oxides, the specific capacities for the composite Co3O4@Mo-Co3O4 nanosheets and Co3O4 nano-needles were calculated to be 814, and 615 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, respectively. The electrode of the composite Co3O4@Mo-Co3O4 nanosheets displayed superior stability during 4000 cycles, with a capacity of around 90%. The asymmetric Co3O4@Mo-Co3O4//AC device achieved a maximum specific energy of 51.35 Wh Kg−1 and power density of 790 W kg−1. The Co3O4@Mo-Co3O4//AC device capacity decreased by only 12.1% after 4000 long GCD cycles, which is considerably higher than that of similar electrodes. All these results reveal that the Co3O4@Mo-Co3O4 nanocomposite is a very promising electrode material and a stabled supercapacitor.

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections concern economically the poultry industry inducing different disease syndromes leading to high mortality and condemnations. There is tremendous diversity in O serotypes within even a limited geographic region. It has been reported previously on a live E. coli vaccine’s ability to protect against different O78 APEC in commercial broilers. Due to the diversity of APEC serotypes in the field, this study was conducted to measure that live attenuated E. coli (Poulvac® E. coli) vaccine’s ability to cross-protect against three of the heterologous (non-O78) APEC isolates; O27, O8, and O115 compared to cefotaxime treatment through experimental infections in commercial broiler chickens. While the vaccination gave significant protection against the three serotypes tested there were at least subtle differences between them based on clinical signs, post-mortem lesions and mortality rate for 14 days post-challenge (dpc), E. coli re-isolation and histopathological examination at 4, 10 and 14 dpc., final body weight and feed conversion ratio at 35 days of age.

Cerebrovascular control and its integration with other physiological systems play a key role in the effective maintenance of homeostasis in brain functioning. Maintenance, restoration, and promotion of such a balance are one of the paramount goals of brain rehabilitation and intervention programs. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an index of cerebrovascular reserve, plays an important role in chemo-regulation of cerebral blood flow. Improved vascular reactivity and cerebral blood flow are important factors in brain rehabilitation to facilitate desired cognitive and functional outcomes. It is widely accepted that CVR is impaired in aging, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases and possibly in neurodegenerative syndromes. However, a multitude of physiological factors influence CVR, and thus a comprehensive understanding of underlying mechanisms are needed. We are currently underinformed on which rehabilitation method will improve CVR, and how this information can inform on a patient’s prognosis and diagnosis. Implementation of targeted rehabilitation regimes would be the first step to elucidate whether such regimes can modulate CVR and in the process may assist in improving our understanding for the underlying vascular pathophysiology. As such, the high spatial resolution along with whole brain coverage offered by MRI has opened the door to exciting recent developments in CVR MRI. Yet, several challenges currently preclude its potential as an effective diagnostic and prognostic tool in treatment planning and guidance. Understanding these knowledge gaps will ultimately facilitate a deeper understanding for cerebrovascular physiology and its role in brain function and rehabilitation. Based on the lessons learned from our group’s past and ongoing neurorehabilitation studies, we present a systematic review of physiological mechanisms that lead to impaired CVR in aging and disease, and how CVR imaging and its further development in the context of brain rehabilitation can add value to the clinical settings.

Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as ultracapacitors, should be one of the most promising contenders for meeting the needs of human viable growth owing to their advantages: for example, excellent capacitance and rate efficiency, extended durability, and cheap materials price. Supercapacitor research on electrode materials is significant because it plays a vital part in the performance of SCs. Polyaniline (PANI) is an exceptional candidate for energy-storage applications owing to its tunable structure, multiple oxidation/reduction reactions, cheap price, environmental stability, and ease of handling. With their exceptional morphology, suitable functional linkers, metal sites, and high specific surface area, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are outstanding materials for electrodes fabrication in electrochemical energy storage systems. The combination of PANI and MOF (PANI/MOF composites) as electrode materials demonstrates additional benefits, which are worthy of exploration. The positive impacts of the two various electrode materials can improve the resultant electrochemical performances. Recently, these kinds of conducting polymers with MOFs composites are predicted to become the next-generation electrode materials for the development of efficient and well-organized SCs. The recent achievements in the use of PANI/MOFs-based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications are critically reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, we discuss the existing issues with PANI/MOF composites and their analogues in the field of supercapacitor electrodes in addition to potential future improvements.

Magnetically hard–soft core-shell ferrite nanoparticles are synthesized using an organometallic decomposition method through seed-mediated growth. Two sets of core-shell nanoparticles (S1 and S2) with different shell (Fe3O4) thicknesses and similar core (CoFe2O4) sizes are obtained by varying the initial quantities of seed nanoparticles of size 6.0 ± 1.0 nm. The nanoparticles synthesized have average sizes of 9.5 ± 1.1 (S1) and 12.2 ± 1.7 (S2) nm with corresponding shell thicknesses of 3.5 and 6.1 nm. Magnetic properties are investigated under field-cooled and zero-field-cooled conditions at several temperatures and field cooling values. Magnetic heating efficiency for magnetic hyperthermia applications is investigated by measuring the specific absorption rate (SAR) in alternating magnetic fields at several field strengths and frequencies. The exchange bias is found to have a nonmonotonic and oscillatory relationship with temperature at all fields. SAR values of both core-shell samples are found to be considerably larger than that of the single-phase bare core particles. The effective anisotropy and SAR values are found to be larger in S2 than those in S1. However, the saturation magnetization displays the opposite behavior. These results are attributed to the occurrence of spin-glass regions at the core-shell interface of different amounts in the two samples. The novel outcome is that the interfacial exchange anisotropy of core-shell nanoparticles can be tailored to produce large effective magnetic anisotropy and thus large SAR values.

We designed our study to evaluate the knowledge and immunization practices among Lebanese obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYN) for women of different age groups. Anonymous questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and immunization practices among OBGYN. The survey was conducted at the annual meeting of the Lebanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology on November 13–15, 2014. Data collected included demographics, type of practice, academic background and familiarity with vaccine guidelines. Descriptive statistical methods were used to evaluate the responses. The response rate was 54.8% (114/208). Only 62.3% (71/114) recommend vaccination(s) to pregnant women with only 25.9% of those who recommend the Tdap vaccine for pregnant women giving it during the recommended third trimester. In addition, 52.6% are unaware of the CDC/ACIP immunization schedule for women in general. However, 83.0% (93/112) of respondents are willing to integrate vaccination in their practice. Our study highlights several gaps in the knowledge of Lebanese OBGYN regarding vaccination in addition to practices that are not in full accordance with common guidelines. Measures should be taken to spread proper awareness of the proper guidelines among Lebanese practitioners.

Herbal and traditional medicines can play a pivotal role in combating cancer and neglected tropical diseases. Ajuga bracteosa, family Lamiaceae, is an important medicinal plant. The genetic transformation of A. bracteosa with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes further enhances its metabolic content. This study aimed at undertaking the molecular, phytochemical, and in vitro biological analysis of A. bracteosa extracts. We transformed the A. bracteosa plant with rol genes and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. Transgenic integration and expression of rolB were confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and qPCR analysis. The methanol: chloroform crude extracts of wild-type plants and transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antibacterial, antihemolytic, cytotoxic, anticancer, and leishmanial activity. Among all plants, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed the highest expression of the rolB gene. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis confirmed the enhanced number of functional groups of active compounds in all transgenic lines. Moreover, ABRL3 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, minimum hemolytic activity (CC50 = 7293.05 ± 7 μg/mL) and maximum antileishmanial activity (IC50 of 56.16 ± 2 μg/mL). ABRL1 demonstrated the most prominent brine shrimp cytotoxicity (LD5039.6 ± 4 μg/mL). ABRL3 was most effective against various human cancer cell lines with an IC50 of 57.1 ± 2.2 μg/mL, 46.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL, 72.4 ± 1.3 μg/mL, 73.3 ± 2.1 μg/mL, 98.7 ± 1.6 μg/mL, and 97.1 ± 2.5 μg/mL against HepG2, LM3, A549, HT29, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Overall, these transgenic extracts may offer a cheaper therapeutic source than the more expensive synthetic drugs.

Organic amendments are important sources of nutrients that release upon organic matter degradation, yet the stability of these organics in arid and semi-arid regions is relatively low. In contrast, humic substances (HS) are resistant to biodegradation and can keep nutrients in the soil available for the plant over a long time. Combinations between humic substances (HS) and mineral-N fertilizers are assumed to retain higher available nutrients in soils than those recorded for the sole application of either mineral or organic applications. We anticipate, however, that humic substances might not be as efficient as the organics from which they were extracted in increasing NP uptake by plants. To test these assumptions, faba bean was planted in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions following a complete randomized design while considering three factors: two soils (calcareous and non-calcareous, Factor A), two organics (biogas and compost, Factor B) and combinations of the organics and their extracts (HA or FA) together with complementary doses of mineral-N ((NH4)2SO4) to attain a total rate of 50 kg N ha−1 (the recommended dose for faba bean plants) (Factor C). Results indicated that nitrogenase activity increased significantly due to the application of the used organics. In this respect, compost manure caused higher nitrogenase activity than biogas manure did. Humic substances raised NP-availability and the uptake by plants significantly; however, the values of increase were lower than those that occurred due to the compost or biogas manure. Moreover, the sole application of the used organics recorded the highest increases in plant biomass. Significant correlations were also detected between NP-availability, uptake and plant biomass. This means that HS could probably retain nutrients in available forms for long time periods, yet nutrients released continuously but slowly upon decomposition of organics seemed more important for plant nutrition.

Objective: The current study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of 200 mcg versus 400 mcg vaginal misoprostol administered 3 h prior to intrauterine device (IUD) insertion in parous women. Study design: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Setting: Women’s Health Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Materials and methods: Two-hundred twelve women were randomized into two groups; group I received 2 misoprostol 400 mcg tablets and group II received one misoprostol 200 mcg and one placebo tablet vaginally three hours before a copper IUD insertion. The primary outcome was the rate of successful IUD insertion in both groups. The secondary outcomes include the rate of adverse effects. Results: There was no statistical difference between both groups as regard successful IUD insertion (p = 0.17). Additionally, the satisfaction score reported by the women was not statistically different (p = 0.11). Failure of IUD insertion was present in three cases in the misoprostol 400 mcg group versus four cases in the misoprostol 200 mcg group (p = 0.45). Both groups were similar regarding the duration of insertion (p = 0.85). Abdominal cramping and shivering were the main side effects in both groups, however the rate of their occurrence was significantly higher in the misoprostol 400 mcg group than the other group (30.2% versus 10.4% and 7.5% versus 1.9%, respectively; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol 200 mcg prior to IUD insertion appears to be similar to 400 mcg as regard the success of IUD insertion and procedure duration with significantly lower side effects.

Abstract Background The present investigation was an endeavor into the elucidation of the disease-causing pathogen of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt affecting adult fish cultured and wild fish in the Nile river. Fish were obtained from commercial fishermen, collected as part of their routine fishing activities. The researchers observed the routine fishing process and selected fish for use in the study, at the point of purchase from the fisherman. Results Diseased fish showed exophthalmia with accumulation of purulent and haemorrhagic fluid around eyes, and ventral petechial haemorrhages. The Post mortem examination revealed, abdominal fat haemorrhage, pericarditis and enlargement of the liver, spleen and kidney. Gram-stained smears revealed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, β-hemolytic, oxidase and catalase negative. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the 17 tilapia isolates studied were 6/17 Enterococcus faecalis, 2/17 Enterococcus gallinarum, 3/17 Streptococcus pluranimalium, 2/17 Aerococcus viridans, 1/17 isolate of each Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus, Lactococcus garvieae and Granulicetella elegans/Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris. It should be noted that there was no mixed infection. Multiple resistance was observed and the most frequent antibiotic combination was penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline representing eight classes. Conclusions Consequently, we concluded that Streptococcus species are an emerging pathogen for Nile tilapia aquaculture in Egypt and to be considered as a new candidate in the warm water fish diseases in Egypt with special reference to L. garvieae, S. dysgalactiae in addition to L. mesenteroides cremoris which was not reported before from tilapia and taking into consideration their zoonotic implications for public health.

Abstract Background The objectives of this study were to characterize the diversity and magnitude of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus species recovered from imported beef meat sold in the Egyptian market and the potential mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes including harboring of resistance genes (mecA, cfr, gyrA, gyrB, and grlA) and biofilm formation. Results The resistance gene mecA was detected in 50% of methicillin-resistant non-Staphylococcus aureus isolates (4/8). Interestingly, our results showed that: (i) resistance genes mecA, gyrA, gyrB, grlA, and cfr were absent in Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus isolates, although S. hominis was phenotypically resistant to methicillin (MR-non-S. aureus) while S. hemolyticus was resistant to vancomycin only; (ii) S. aureus isolates did not carry the mecA gene (100%) and were phenotypically characterized as methicillin- susceptible S. aureus (MSS); and (iii) the resistance gene mecA was present in one isolate (1/3) of Staphylococcus lugdunensis that was phenotypically characterized as methicillin-susceptible non-S. aureus (MSNSA). Conclusions Our findings highlight the potential risk for consumers, in the absence of actionable risk management information systems, of imported foods and advice a strict implementation of international standards by different venues such as CODEX to avoid the increase in prevalence of coagulase positive and coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates and their antibiotic resistance genes in imported beef meat at the Egyptian market.

Objectives: To study the changes in serum IL 6 levels in pre-eclamptic patients and to detect any correlation between these changes and changes in the umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Methods: In Shatby Hospital, 100 pregnant women, at or beyond 32 weeks were selected and divided into three groups: group A with severe pre-eclampsia, group B with mild pre-eclampsia, and group C with normal pregnancy as control. Measurement of maternal serum IL 6 using ELISA and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry was done. Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were used. Results: A statistical significant difference (p 0.82 ng/dl can be implicated as an early laboratory diagnosis of mild pre-eclampsia. The significant correlation between maternal serum IL 6 levels and Doppler velocimetry supports both the immunologic and the systemic endothelial dysfunction theories of pre-eclampsia.

Mixed ferrite nanoparticles with compositions CoxMn1-xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were synthesized by a simple chemical co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The average crystallite sizes decreased with increasing x, starting with 34.9 ± 0.6 nm for MnFe2O4 (x = 0) and ending with 15.0 ± 0.3 nm for CoFe2O4 (x = 1.0). TEM images show an edge morphology with the majority of the particles having cubic geometry and wide size distributions. The mixed ferrite and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have an inverse spinel structure indicated by the splitting of A1g peak at around 620 cm−1 in Raman spectra. The intensity ratios of the A1g(1) and A1g(2) peaks indicate significant redistribution of Co2+ and Fe3+ cations among tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the mixed ferrite nanoparticles. Magnetic hysterics loops show that all the particles possess significant remnant magnetization and coercivity at room temperature. The mass-normalized saturation magnetization is highest for the composition with x = 0.8 (67.63 emu/g), while CoFe2O4 has a value of 65.19 emu/g. The nanoparticles were PEG (poly ethylene glycol) coated and examined for the magneto thermic heating ability using alternating magnetic field. Heating profiles with frequencies of 333.45, 349.20, 390.15, 491.10, 634.45, and 765.95 kHz and 200, 250, 300, and 350 G field amplitudes were obtained. The composition with x = 0.2 (Co0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4) with saturation magnetization 57.41 emu/g shows the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 190.61 W/g for 10 mg/mL water dispersions at a frequency of 765.95 kHz and 350 G field strength. The SAR values for the mixed ferrite and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles increase with increasing concentration of particle dispersions, whereas for MnFe2O4, nanoparticles decrease with increasing the concentration of particle dispersions. SARs obtained for Co0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles fixed in agar ferrogel dispersions at frequency of 765.95 kHz and 350 G field strength are 140.35 and 67.60 W/g, respectively. This study shows the importance of optimizing the occupancy of Co2+ among tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel system, concentration of the magnetic nanoparticle dispersions, and viscosity of the surrounding medium on the magnetic properties and heating efficiencies.

Over the past few decades, the application of new novel materials in energy storage system has seen excellent development. We report a novel MnCo2O4/NiO nanostructure prepared by a simplistic chemical bath deposition method and employed it as a binder free electrode in the supercapacitor. The synergistic attraction from a high density of active sites, better transportation of ion diffusion and super-most electrical transportation, which deliver boost electrochemical activities. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to investigate the crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition of the as-synthesized precursors, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electron impedance spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the electrochemical properties. The unique nanoparticle structures delivered additional well-organized pathways for the swift mobility of electrons and ions. The as-prepared binder-free MnCo2O4/NiO nanocomposite electrode has a high specific capacity of 453.3 C g−1 at 1 Ag−1, and an excellent cycling reliability of 91.89 percent even after 4000 cycles, which are significantly higher than bare MnCo2O4 and NiO electrodes. Finally, these results disclose that the as-fabricated MnCo2O4/NiO electrode could be a favored-like electrode material holds substantial potential and supreme option for efficient supercapacitor and their energy storage-related applications.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) can significantly enhance plant metabolism and improve their nutritional quality. Although several studies addressed the effect of eCO2 on plants, to our knowledge, there are no studies that have applied eCO2 to improve growth, chemical composition, and biological properties of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) during sprouting. Herein, eCO2 (620 µmol mol−1) was employed to enhance photosynthetic reactions. Improved photosynthesis induced primary and bioactive secondary metabolism, which led to improved biological activities of T. ammi sprouts in comparison with control sprouts and seeds. eCO2-treated sprouts showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of most measured nutritional primary and secondary metabolites like soluble sugars, essential amino acids, organic acids, essential oils, phenolics, and flavonoids than control sprouts, which had significantly higher values than control seeds. eCO2 significantly improved the antimicrobial properties of T. ammi sprouts against 11 out of 13 microbial species than control sprouts, which had more potent antimicrobial activities than seeds. The significant increase in the antioxidant potential of treated sprouts was indicated by improved levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). In addition, the anticancer activity against four different human tumor cell lines was significantly (p < 0.05) boosted by both sprouting and eCO2 exposure. Thus, the present study confirms the synergistic effect of sprouting with eCO2 exposure as promising approaches to produce ajwain sprouts with rich nutraceuticals, effective phytochemicals, and enhanced biological activities.