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Acute renal failure also known as acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex health condition related to significant morbidity and mortality. In hospitalized patients, around 19-33 percent of AKI episodes are linked to drug induced nephrotoxicity. Although considered safe, NSAIDs such as diclofenac have gained special attention over the past few years due to the potential risk of renal injury. The direct effect of diclofenac-induced renal injury depends on targeting the mitochondria in kidney tissue, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. Secondly, diclofenac inhibit renal prostaglandin production, limiting renal afferent arteriole vasodilation, increasing afferent resistance; thus decreasing the glomerular capillary pressure below normal values and glomerular filtration rate will decrease resulting in AKI. Alpha-Lipoic acid (ALA) has beneficial effects in prevention or relief of symptoms of oxidative stress- related diseases, as it acts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrient. Bosentan is a competitive antagonist with dual endothelin-1 receptors, as renal vascular ET-1 system is upregulated under many pathophysiological situations. In present study, we investigated the effect of lipoic acid and bosentan in diclofenac induced acute renal failure in male rats. We observed that diclofenac increased serum levels of urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, KIM-1, TGFβ1 and fibronectin significantly (p>0.05) in the induction group compared to control group. While, SOD significantly (p>0.05) reduced in the induction group compared to control group. Both of lipoic acid and bosentan alone didn’t significantly protect against diclofenac induced AKI. However, the combination group showed a significant protection against AKI. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between (urea and KIM-1) and between (creatinine and KIM-1) (r2=0.792 and r2=0.677 respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between fibronectin and urea (r2= 0.498, p>0.01) and fibronectin and creatinine (r2=0.356, p>0.05). Interestingly, KIM-1 showed a significant positive correlation with fibronectin (r2=0.536, p>0.01). ROC curve test was performed for KIM-1 and fibronectin biomarkers. The AUC for KIM-1 was 0.986 and for fibronectin was 0.829. We concluded that combination therapy of lipoic acid and bosentan showed a significant protective effect against diclofenac-induced AKI. In addition, fibronectin could be a promising biomarker for detection and diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Key words: Diclofenac, oxidative stress, alpha- lipoic acid, endothelin-1, bosentan

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formly known as acute renal failure (ARF), is an abrupt and reversible decrease in kidney function as indicated by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Diclofenac-induced AKI is due to toxic effect of it on renal glomeruli, resulting in glomerular lesions. Furthermore, diclofenac causes autolysis, which increase renal intracellular osmolarity that leads to proximal renal tubular dilatations. Lipoic acid (LA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Bosentan is a competitive endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin B (ETB) receptors antagonist. In this study, the evaluation of effectiveness of lipoic acid and bosentan against diclofenac-induced AKI was done by histopathological examination. The results showed that diclofenac caused histopathological changes include; retracted glomerulus, tubular cast, tubule-interstitial inflammation and tubular necrosis. Lipoic acid or bosentan alone could not reduce the histopathological alterations caused by diclofenac. Meanwhile, the combination therapy was able to reduce the histopathological changes significantly (p>0.05). Therefore, the combination therapy of lipoic acid and bosentan showed promising ameliorative effect against diclofenac-induced AKI

The Upper Jurassic--Lower Cretaceous Berdiga Formation of the Eastern Pontides, Turkey, represents a carbonate platform succession composed of pervasively dolomitized intra-shelf to deep-shelf facies. In this area, polymetallic deposits occur as veins and lenses within the Berdiga Formation in close proximity to its upper contact with the overlying formation. Three different types of replacive dolomites occur in the formation: (i) microcrystalline dolomite, (ii) fabric-preserving dolomite, and (iii) fabric-destructive dolomite. Replacive dolomites are Ca rich and nonstoichiometric ([Ca.sub.56]-58Mg42-44) and are characterized by a pronounced negative shift in oxygen (-11.38[per thousand] to -4.05[per thousand] Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)), [delta][.sup.13]C values of 0.69[per thousand] to 3.13[per thousand] VPDB, radiogenic [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr ratios (0.70753 to 0.70884), and extremely high Fe (2727-21053 ppm) and Mn (1548-27 726 ppm) contents. All dolomite samples have low Y/Ho ratios (23-40), and they also contain highly variable contents of rare earth elements (REE) (7-41). REE patterns of dolomites normalized to Post-Archean Australian shale show a distinct positive Eu anomaly (1.3-2.1) and slightly flattened Ce anomalies (0.8-1.1). Integration of petrographic and geochemical studies reveals the history of a variety of diagenetic processes highly affected by hydrothermal alteration, which include dolomitization, recrystallization, dissolution, silicification, and pyrite mineralization associated with the emplacement of the polymetallic mineralization. La Formation de Berdiga du Jurassique superieur-Cretace inferieur des Pontides orientales (Turquie) represente une sequence de plateforme carbonatee comprenant des facies intensement dolomitises allant de la plateforme interne a la plateforme profonde. Dans cette region, des gisements polymetalliques sont presents sous forme de filons et lentilles dans la Formation de Berdiga, tout pres de son contact avec la formation sus-jacente. Trois types de dolomite de remplacement sont presents dans la formation, a savoir : (i) de la dolomite microcristalline, (ii) de la dolomite preservant les fabriques et (iii) de la dolomite qui detruit les fabriques. Les dolomites de remplacement sont riches en Ca et non stoechiometriques ([Ca.sub.56-58][Mg.sub.42-44]) et elles sont caracterisees par un deplacement negatif prononce des valeurs d'isotopes d'oxygene (de -11,38 [per thousand] a -4,05 [per thousand] VPDB), des valeurs de [delta][.sup.13]C de 0,69 [per thousand] a 3,13 [per thousand] VPDB, des rapports [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr radiogeniques (de 0,70753 a 0,70884) et des concentrations en Fe (2727-21 053 ppm) et en Mn (1548-27 726 ppm) extremement elevees. Tous les echantillons de dolomite presentent des rapports Y/Ho faibles (de 23 a 40) et ont aussi des concentrations de terres rates (ETR) tres variables (de 7 a 41). Les spectres d'ETR des dolomites normalisees au PAAS presentent une nette anomalie positive d'Eu (de 1,3 a 2,1) et des anomalies de Ce legerement aplanies (de 0,8 a 1,1). L'integration d'etudes petrographiques et geochimiques fait ressortir l'histoire de differents processus diagenetiques fortement influences par l'alteration hydrothermale, dont la dolomitisation, la recristallisation, la dissolution, la silicification et la pyritisation associees a la mise en place de la mineralisation polymetallique. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Dolomite [(CaMg(C[O.sub.3]).sub.2]) is a common diagenetic mineral. How dolomite is formed and altered are still matters of debate (e.g., Budd 1997; Al-Aasm et al. 2000; Warren 2000; Machel 2004; [...]

Integrated petrographic, geochemical, and fluid inclusion study of fracture mineralization and associated host rock in selected Mississippian and Devonian carbonates extending from southeastern Alberta to northwestern British Columbia, Canada, aims to quantify the type and nature of fluid precipitated saddle dolomite and late calcite cement and their origin. Petrographic and isotopic evidence from both the Devonian and Mississippian fracture-filling carbonates indicate the presence of a hydrothermal fluid source. The [delta][.sup.18]O isotopic values for the Devonian saddle dolomite (-14.62[per thousand] to -3.75[per thousand] VPDB, average -11.12[per thousand]) combined with enriched [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr isotopic ratios (0.70827-0.71599, average 0.71006) and higher homogenization temperatures ([T.sup.h] = 74-194.6 [degrees]C, average 126.8 [degrees]C) and salinity values (7.7-26.6 wt.% NaCl, average 16.2 wt.% NaCl) show significant differences from the Mississippian saddle dolomite, which is characterized by less negative [delta][.sup.18]O isotopic values (-12.53[per thousand] to -7.82[per thousand] VPDB, average -9.14[per thousand]), less radiogenic [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr isotopic ratios (0.70859-0.70943, average 0.70887), and lower homogenization temperatures ([T.sup.h]) and salinity values of fluid inclusions (87.6-214.2 [degrees]C, average 136.3 [degrees]C; 2.0-13.2 wt.% NaCl, average 9.6 wt.% NaCl). Later fracture- and vug-rimming blocky calcite cement records comparable or slightly lower values of [delta][.sup.18]O (-16.31[per thousand] to -4.08[per thousand] VPDB, average -9.76[per thousand]) and [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr (0.70784-0.709743, average 0.70868) and much lower salinity values (0-22.5 wt.% NaCl, average 2.86 wt.% NaCl) for samples mostly from the Mississippian age group. These results possibly suggest two different hydrothermal episodes related to early (Antler) and late (Laramide) tectonic events that affected the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin with possible compartmentalization of hydrothermal systems and their associated brines in the basin. L'etude integree de la petrographie, de la geochimie et des inclusions fluides de mineralisation dans des fractures et dans les roches encaissantes associees dans des carbonates mississippiens et devoniens selectionnes du sud-est de l'Alberta au nord-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique (Canada) vise a quantifier le type et la nature de dolomites baroques et de ciment calcite tardif precipites par des fluides et leur origine. Les donnees petrographiques et isotopiques sur les carbonates de remplissage devoniens et mississippiens indiquent la presence d'une source de fluides hydrothermaux. Les valeurs de [delta][.sup.18]O de la dolomite baroque devonienne (de -14,62 a -3,75 [per thousand] VPDB; moyenne -11,12 [per thousand]) combinees a des valeurs de [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr enrichies (de 0,70827 a 0,71599; moyenne 0,71006) et a des temperatures d'homogeneisation ([T.sup.h] = 74-194,6 [degrees]C; moyenne 126,8 [degrees]C) et des valeurs de salinite (de 7,7 a 26,6; moyenne 16,2 % en poids equivalent NaCl) elevees sont significativement differentes de celles de la dolomite baroque mississippienne, caracterisee par des valeurs de [delta][.sup.18]O moins negatives (de -12,53 a -7,82 [per thousand] VPDB; moyenne -9,14 [per thousand]), des rapports [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr moins radiogeniques (de 0,70859 a 0,70943; moyenne 0,70887), ainsi que de plus faibles temperatures d'homogeneisation (87,6-214,2 [degrees]C; moyenne 136,3 [degrees]C) et valeurs de salinite (de 2,0 a 13,2; moyenne 9,6 % en poids equivalent NaCl) des inclusions fluides. Un ciment tardif de calcite rhombique remplissant des fractures et vacuoles donne des valeurs comparables ou legerement plus faibles de [delta][.sup.18]O (de -16,31 a -4,08 [per thousand] VPDB; moyenne -9.76 [per thousand]) et de [.sup.87]Sr/[.sup.86]Sr (de 0,70784 a 0,709743; moyenne 0,70868) et des salinites beaucoup plus faibles (de 0 a 22,5 %; moyenne 2,86 % en poids equivalent NaCl) pour des echantillons principalement mississippiens. Ces resultats pourraient indiquer deux episodes hydrothermaux distincts associes a des episodes tectoniques precoce (Antler) et tardif (Laramide) ayant touche le bassin sedimentaire de l'Ouest canadien, et la compartementalisation possible de systemes hydrothermaux et des saumures qui leur etaient associees dans le bassin. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Diagenetic fluids in sedimentary basins form under diverse tectonic (e.g., foreland versus intracratonic) and sedimentologic settings. These fluids impose a major control on reservoir-quality evolution of carbonate successions. Sediment [...]

Integrated petrographic, isotopic, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and geochemical analyses of Paleozoic carbonate successions from multiple boreholes within the Huron Domain, southern Ontario were conducted to characterize the diagenetic history and fluid composition, on a regional scale, and evaluate the nature and origin of dolomitized beds. Multiple generations of non-stochiometric dolomite have been observed. These dolomites occur as both replacement (D1 and D2) and cement (saddle dolomite; SD) and formed either at near-surface to shallow burial zone (D1) or intermediate burial (D2 and SD). Petrographic and geochemical data of dolomite types and calcite cement suggest that these carbonates have experienced multiple fluid events that affected dolomite formation and other diagenetic processes. Cambrian and Ordovician strata have two possibly isolated diagenetic fluid systems; an earlier fluid system that is characterized by a pronounced negative shift in oxygen and carbon isotopic composition, more radiogenic Sr ratios, warm and saline signatures, higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods, negative La anomaly, and positive Ce anomaly; and a later Ordovician system, characterized by less negative shifts in oxygen and carbon isotopes, comparable Th, hypersaline, a less radiogenic, less negative La anomaly, and primarily positive Ce anomaly but also higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods. Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian Sr isotopic ratios, however, show seawater composition of their respective age as the primary source of diagenetic fluids with minor rock/water interactions. In contrast, the isotopic data of the overlying Silurian and Devonian carbonates show overlaps between δ13C and δ18O values. However, δ18O values show evidence of dolomite recrystallization. D2 shows wide Th values and medium to high salinity values. Higher Th and salinity are observed in SD in the Silurian carbonates, which suggest the involvement of localized fluxes of hydrothermal fluids during its formation during Paleozoic orogenesis. Geochemical proxies suggest that in both age groups the diagenetic fluids were originally of coeval seawater composition, subsequently modified via water-rock interaction possibly related to brines, which were modified by the dissolution of Silurian evaporites from the Salina series. The integration of the obtained data in the present study demonstrates the linkage between fluid flux history, fluid compartmentalization, and related diagenesis during the regional tectonic evolution of the Michigan Basin.

Diagenesis of carbonates and clastic sediments encompasses the biochemical, mechanical and chemical changes that occur in sediments after deposition and prior to low-grade metamorphism [...]

Core samples from two deep boreholes were analyzed for petrographic, stable and Sr isotopes, fluid inclusion microthermometry and major, minor, trace and rare-earth elements (REE) of different types of dolomite in the Silurian and Devonian carbonates of the eastern side of the Michigan Basin provided useful insights into the nature of dolomitization, and the evolution of diagenetic pore fluids in this part of the basin. Petrographic features show that both age groups are characterized by the presence of a pervasive replacive fine-crystalline (50−100 µm) dolomite matrix (RD2 and RD3, respectively). In addition to these types, a coarse crystalline (>500 µm) saddle dolomite cement (SD) filling fractures and vugs is observed only in the Silurian rocks. Results from geochemical and fluid inclusion analyses indicate that the diagenesis of Silurian and Devonian formations show variations in terms of the evolution of the diagenetic fluid composition. These fluid systems are: (1) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Silurian carbonates and was altered by salt dissolution post-Silurian time. These carbonates show a negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −6.72‱ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition slightly more radiogenic than coeval seawater (0.7078−0.7087), high temperatures (RD2 and SD dolomite Th average: 110 °C) and hypersaline signature (RD2 and SD dolomite average salinity: 26.8 wt.% NaCl eq.); and (2) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Devonian carbonates, possibly occurred during the Alleghenian orogeny in Carboniferous time and characterized by a less pronounced negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −5.74‱ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition in range with the postulated values for coeval seawater (0.7078−0.7080), lower temperatures (RD2 dolomite Th average: 83 °C) and less saline signature (RD2 dolomite average salinity: 20.8 wt.% NaCl eq.).

This is a prospective study of 270 patients presented with renal stone over four years. Side of the renal stone whether in left kidney or right kidney was considered. The size of the stone was measured by imaging techniques (ultrasound or by CT scan) in 166 patients, in the remaining 104 patients imaging was done only for diagnosis, but without measuring the renal stone size (for different reasons). Residency was considered as urban or rural for any of these patients. The study shows that urban residency has increased risk for developing renal stone (63.7%) as compared to rural areas (37.3%), this effect was clearly significant for stone size between 1-2 centimeters

Ihsan S Mahmood*, Jamal A Al-Dohan@ & Murtatha M Salih$ *,@Department of Biochemistry, $Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IRAQ. Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between sex hormone levels and prostate volume in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study involved 66 patients suffering from LUTS for more than one month, with age ranged from 36 to 85 years who attended Basrah General Hospital outpatient clinic of urological surgery seeking management, eleven of them were suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The medical and surgical history were taken through special questionnaire and the severity of LUTS was assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). General and urological examinations were done to them. Four ml of venous blood was drawn from each patient to measure luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), estradiol (E2) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the results were used to assess the presence of any association with IPSS or prostate volume. Also fasting blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured to identify unknown diabetic patients and exclude those with renal failure or dysthyroidism. Mean±SD of age and prostate volume of the patients were (63.8±9.5) years and (45.5±24.8) ml, respectively. The IPSS and bother scores were (17.3±6.5) and (3.8±1.4), respectively. Mean serum FSH, LH, TT, fT and E2 were (11.5±13.0) mIU/ml, (6.7±5.9) mIU/ml, (4.6±2.4) ng/ml, (6.5±4.8) pg/ml and (47.9±24.4), respectively. Patients with larger prostate volume (>40 ml) had significantly higher mean age and also had higher mean estradiol level after age adjustment (p value

Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but feared complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. With the advent of new devices and technologies, interventionalists attempt more complex lesions, including more calcified or tortuous vessels and chronic total occlusions, which increases the incidence of CAP. A short literature review, in addition to four cases of CAP, is presented in this report. Resumo: As perfurações das artérias coronárias são raras, mas complicações temidas nas intervenções coronarianas percutâneas. Com o advento de novos dispositivos e tecnologias, a tentativa de intervenção em lesões mais complexas, incluindo os vasos mais calcificados ou tortuosos ou oclusões crónicas, leva a maior incidência de perfurações de artérias coronárias. Uma breve revisão da literatura, além de quatro casos de perfurações de artérias coronárias foi apresentada no presente trabalho. Keywords: Coronary artery perforation, Complication, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Palavras-chave: Perfurações de artérias coronárias, Complicação, Intervenção coronária percutânea

Ihsan S Sahi*, Mukhallad A Ramadhan@ & Sadiq U Khadim# *CABS, Head, Dept. of Surgery. @#MSc, Department of Pathology, University of Missan, College of Medicine, Missan, IRAQ. Abstract Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, benign prostatic hypertrophy), a non-malignant abnormal growth of the prostate gland, affects almost all men in some degree as they age and can cause a significant disruption of lifestyle due to urinary outflow obstructive and irritative symptoms. The present study was performed on patients with BPH and other group of normal persons (40 person for each) to evaluate some of hormonal changes that result in BPH. The blood samples were collected from the groups of study those were of ages 45 and more and serum levels of both estrogen and testosterone were evaluated, as well as tissue of prostate were collected from some of the patients after surgery and estrogen receptors were estimated by immunohistochemisitry. The results shows significant reduction of the testosterone with elevation of the estradiol levels with marked expression of estrogen receptors in both epithelial and stromal cells of the prostate in patients. In conclusion, the present study found that sex hormonal disturbances associated with increase age of the person was implicated in the pathogenesis of BPH.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed rather commonly by general surgeons for symptomatic gall stones. This study is an analysis of experience for the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis performed in Basrah, Iraq, by one surgeon. This study aimed to know the difference between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis with respect to the hospital stay, conversion rate, and major complications rate. Data were collected from the medical records of patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to the surgical wards during (June 2009 to September 2011). Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of treatment received. Length of hospital stay, major complications, and conversion rates were analyzed. Ninety seven patients with acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty nine patients (40.2%) treated with early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, fifty eight patients (59.8%) treated with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Length of stay was significantly shorter in the early laparoscopic cholecystectomy group compared with the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (P Keywords

Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia requires effective postoperative analgesia for early ambulation and breast feeding. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is done by injecting local anesthetic solution in the plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles on either sides of the abdominal wall to prolong postoperative analgesia. One hundred pregnant women who underwent general anesthesia for cesarean delivery were randomized in to two equal groups;TAP block group versus control group. This block was performed bilaterally using 20 mls of 0.25% plain bupivacaine on each side. Each patient was assessed postoperatively by a blinded investigator at 2, 4, 6,12, 24 hours using numerical pain score (NPS) 0-10 at rest and movement. Narcotics consumption, drug side effects, and patient`s satisfaction were recorded. There were no significant differences between patients characteristics. Postoperative pain at rest as measured by NPS showed; medians (3-6) and means (3-5.5) in the control group; which were significantly (p

The Upper Permian Changhsingian Jiantissanba reef complex is a well-known platform marginal reef, located in the western Hubei Province, China. Based on field observations and lithological analysis of the entire exposed reef complex, 12 reef facies have been distinguished according to their sedimentary components and growth fabrics. Each of the lithofacies is associated with a specific marine environment. Vertically traceable stratal patterns reveal 4 types of the lithologic associations of the Jiantianba reef: (1) heterozoan reef core association: developed in the deep marginal platform with muddy composition; (2) photozoan reef core association developed within the photic zone; (3) tide-controlled reef crest association with tidal-dominated characteristic of lithofacies in the shallow water; and (4) reef-bank association dominated by bioclastic components. The entire reef complex shows a complete reef succession revealing a function of the wave-resistant and morphological units. This study displays a complete sedimentary succession of Jiantianba reef, which provides a more accurate and comprehensive description of the reef lithofacies and a better understanding of the structure and composition of organic reefs.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a global disease as it affects over 150 million people worldwide, a number that is supposed to be doubled by 2025. High glucose levels, in vitro, appear to raise the extent of LDL oxidation, and glycated LDL is more prone to oxidative modification.Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum level of vitamin E and lipid profile in patients with type II DM.Methods: This study involved 28 patients suffering from type II DM diagnosed 1-4 years ago and with age ranged from 17 -60 years old, with different residence around Basra ; In addition to 56 apparently healthy persons matched in age and sex to the patients as a control group. The medical histories were taken and General examinations were done to them with measurement of their height and weight. Four milliliters of venous blood was drawn from each patient and control to measure TG, TC, VLDL, HDL, LDL, HbA1C and Vitamin E and the results were used to assess the presence of any association between Vit E levels and lipid profile.Results: The mean levels for patients and controls of TG were (157.1± 24.9 and 119.8 ± 29.0) mg/dl, of TC were (204.0 ± 43.2 and 168.0 ± 31.5) mg/dl, of VLDL was (31.5 ± 5.0 and 24.2 ± 5.9) mg/dl, of LDL was (129.6 ± 42.8 and 97.6 ± 30.8) mg/dl, of HDL was (42.9 ± 10.2 ± 46.0 ± 9.0) Mg /dl, of HbA1C were (9.4 ± 3.0 and 5.0 ± 0.7) % and of vitamin E were (3.7 ± 1.3 and 6.8 ± 2.0) mg/dl, respectively.There was a significant difference between all the above measured parameters, except of HDL, between cases and controls. Also there was a significant association between DM type II and low level of vitamin E. there was a significant negative correlations between vitamin E and TG, TC, LDL, VLDL but not HDL, even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus type II has a significant effect on vitamin E which is an important guard against dyslipidemias, one the major causes of diabetes vascular complications